Baker Is single and earned $226,900 of salary as an employee in 2020. How much should his employer hove withheld from his paycheck for FICA LIVE (Round your answer to the nearest whole dollar amount.) Multiple Choice:A. $12.070 B. $11,800 C. $10.562 D. $17.257

a) shareholders. Walmart's donation of more than $1 billion in cash and in-kind items to charitable causes every year would most directly impact its shareholders.

This is because shareholders are invested in the company and its operations, and they want to see the company engage in responsible and ethical business practices. By donating to charitable causes, Walmart is demonstrating its commitment to social responsibility, which can help improve the company's reputation and enhance shareholder value. Additionally, shareholders may feel proud to be associated with a company that is making a positive impact on society.
Walmart's donations of over $1 billion in cash and in-kind items to charitable causes every year is a form of social responsibility that most directly impacts a) shareholders. This is because these donations can affect the company's profits, which in turn influence shareholder returns.

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Ranking from largest to smallest frequency: X-ray, green light, yellow light, infrared light, FM radio wave, AM radio wave.

Electromagnetic waves are characterized by their frequency and wavelength, with higher frequencies corresponding to shorter wavelengths.

X-rays have the highest frequency and shortest wavelength on this list, followed by green and yellow visible light, infrared radiation, and finally radio waves (FM and AM) with the lowest frequency and longest wavelength.

The correct ranking can be determined by the fact that the frequency of electromagnetic waves follows a continuous spectrum, and we can compare the frequencies of different waves based on their position within that spectrum.

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The term "ersatz capitalism" refers to a system of capitalism that is characterized by the domination of foreign companies and the lack of development of indigenous industries.

In the context of the industrialization of Southeast Asia, this term refers to the way in which foreign corporations were able to exploit the region's resources and labor without developing the local economy. This resulted in a form of capitalism that was dependent on foreign investment and technology, rather than promoting the growth of domestic industries. The term highlights the challenges that Southeast Asian countries faced in achieving true economic independence and developing their own industries in the face of foreign domination.

The term "ersatz capitalism" refers to a form of capitalism that emerged during the Industrialization of Southeast Asia. This economic system was characterized by a combination of traditional and modern capitalist practices. In this context, local entrepreneurs and state-led initiatives played a crucial role in driving industrialization, but often relied on informal or unorthodox business practices. Ersatz capitalism, thus, represents a unique adaptation of capitalism in Southeast Asia, which facilitated economic growth during the industrialization period.

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b) We are 90% confident, based on the sample data, that the actual proportion of people who recommend Robin Hood financial services for investment is contained in the range of plausible values stated above.

The most appropriate interpretation of the confidence interval is b) We are 90% confident, based on the sample data, that the actual proportion of people who recommend Robin Hood financial services for investment is contained in the range of plausible values stated above. This means that there is a high probability (90%) that the true proportion of people who recommend the investment company falls within the range of 0.5954 to 0.6722. It is important to note that this does not guarantee the true proportion falls within this range, but rather suggests a strong likelihood based on the sample data.

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To determine the company's sales mix for the Bedroom Division and Dining Room Division, we will calculate the proportion of each division's sales to the total sales.

Step 1: Calculate the sales mix percentage for each division

Sales mix percentage = (Division's sales / Total sales) x 100

Bedroom Division:
Sales mix percentage = ($510,800 / $1,277,000) x 100
Sales mix percentage ≈ 40.00%

Dining Room Division:
Sales mix percentage = ($766,200 / $1,277,000) x 100
Sales mix percentage ≈ 60.00%

The sales mix for Concord Furniture Co. is approximately 40% for the Bedroom Division and 60% for the Dining Room Division.

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0.5556 is the coefficient of variation for Braniff. The answer is OPTON B

For investors that want a high return on their money and are willing to take on more risk, equity is the most popular asset class. Direct equity investments can be made on stock exchanges or through mutual funds. Jobs in the service industry include education, nursing, housekeeping, and tours.

Contrarily, those who work in the manufacturing or industrial sectors create tangible products like clothing, equipment, and automobiles. A non-trading organization does not exist to earn a profit, whereas a trading organization does. This is the difference between a trading organization and a non-trading organization. Non-profit organizations exist to offer the general public voluntary services. The answer is OPTON B

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The correct answer is d. maintaining a separate facility for the storage of perishable inventory.

Inventory is a term used to describe the goods and materials that a business holds for sale or for the production of other goods. It includes raw materials, products in various stages of production, and finished goods that are ready for sale. Effective inventory management is essential for businesses to efficiently manage their resources, reduce costs, and maximize profits. It also helps businesses better meet customer demands and avoid stock-outs, which can lead to lost sales. Inventory management involves forecasting, tracking, and analyzing inventory levels, and finding the optimal balance between inventory costs and customer satisfaction.

Internal controls over cash are procedures and processes used to ensure that cash is handled and managed properly. They help to protect a company from theft, fraud, and other financial risks. Examples of internal controls over cash include depositing cash in the bank regularly, ensuring different people are responsible for receiving and depositing cash, and ensuring that all cash transactions are recorded on a regular basis. Maintaining a separate facility for the storage of perishable inventory is not an example of internal controls over cash.

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Yen's improvement to Bellman-Ford algorithm involves ordering the edge relaxations in each pass of the algorithm.

Specifically, the edges are sorted in non-decreasing order of their source vertex, and then non-decreasing order of their weight.

This ordering allows for a more efficient implementation of the algorithm, as it ensures that each vertex is processed in a consistent order, reducing the number of iterations required to converge.

Furthermore, the sorting process can be done in O(E log E) time using standard sorting algorithms, which is relatively efficient compared to the overall O(VE) time complexity of the Bellman-Ford algorithm. Overall, Yen's improvement provides a useful optimization to the Bellman-Ford algorithm, especially for large graphs or those with sparse edge densities.

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Option A). Labor contracts that include so-called COLA provisions serve to preserve the purchasing power of workers by "linking their money wages to price increases."

These contracts are a common form of wage indexation in many labour markets, as they often tie nominal wages to a specific price index.

The purpose of COLA provisions is to ensure that workers are able to maintain their standard of living, despite the effects of inflation on prices.

This means that as prices increase, workers' wages also increase in order to keep up with the cost of living.

Overall, COLA provisions are an important aspect of labour contracts that benefit workers by providing them with financial security and stability.

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The addition of alcohol dehydrogenase and its substrate acetaldehyde allows for additional production of [tex]CO_{2}[/tex] in the solution containing the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex and enzymes of the citric acid cycle. The correct option is B.

This is because alcohol dehydrogenase converts acetaldehyde into ethanol, which is then oxidized by the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase to produce NADH and acetaldehyde. The production of NADH allows for the regeneration of [tex]NAD^{+}[/tex] which is required for the citric acid cycle to continue.

The addition of alcohol dehydrogenase plus its substrate allows regeneration of [tex]NAD^{+}[/tex]. Now oxidized [tex]NAD^{+}[/tex] is available for the additional TCA reactions in which additional [tex]CO_{2}[/tex] can be produced. This is because the citric acid cycle requires [tex]NAD^{+}[/tex] as a cofactor for several of the reactions in the cycle.

Without the addition of alcohol dehydrogenase and acetaldehyde, [tex]NAD^{+}[/tex] would become limiting and the reaction would stop after the production of 7 μmol of [tex]CO_{2}[/tex].

To allow complete oxidation of the pyruvate to 21 μmol of [tex]CO_{2}[/tex], three times the amount of pyruvate, oxaloacetate, and coenzyme A would be required, which would be 21 μmol of each.

Additionally, the solution would need to be supplemented with 21 μmol each of [tex]NAD^{+}[/tex], FAD, GDP, and Pi to ensure that the citric acid cycle could continue and produce the additional [tex]CO_{2}[/tex]. The addition of alcohol dehydrogenase and its substrate would still be necessary to regenerate NAD+ for the reaction to proceed.

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The graph shows that the marginal cost of producing the 85th unit is $60, which means that the firm's total cost of production is (60 x 85) = $5100. If the firm charges a price of $20 per unit, it will sell all 85 units, but its total revenue will be (20 x 85) = $1700. Therefore, the firm's profits will be ($1700 - $5100) = -$3400, which means that it will incur losses.

The four-firm concentration ratio is calculated by adding the sales of the top four firms and dividing by the total industry sales. In this case, the four-firm concentration ratio is (25 + 10 + 9 + 4) / 320 = 0.23 or 23%.

If the firm adheres to the cartel agreement and produces 30 units at a price of $70 per unit, its profits will be the difference between the revenue earned and the cost of production. Looking at the purple rectangle on the graph, we can see that the marginal cost of producing the 30th unit is $40, which is below the cartel price of $70. Therefore, the firm will earn a profit of (70 - 40) x 30 = $900.

If the firm breaks the cartel agreement and produces 85 units, it will face a downward-sloping demand curve, which means that it will have to lower the price in order to sell more units. The graph shows that the marginal cost of producing the 85th unit is $60, which means that the firm's total cost of production is (60 x 85) = $5100. If the firm charges a price of $20 per unit, it will sell all 85 units, but its total revenue will be (20 x 85) = $1700. Therefore, the firm's profits will be ($1700 - $5100) = -$3400, which means that it will incur losses.

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The current price of a zero coupon bond can be calculated using the present value formula. This formula takes into account the face value of the bond, the yield to maturity, and the time to maturity. The current price of the bond is $178.78.

In this case, TJ's offers a $1,000 face value, zero coupon bond with a yield to maturity of 11.3 percent, given annual compounding. The bond matures in 16 years.

To calculate the current price, we can use the following formula:

Current Price = Face Value / (1 + Yield to Maturity/Compounding Frequency)^(Time to Maturity * Compounding Frequency)

Plugging in the values for this bond, we get:

Current Price = $1,000 / (1 + 0.113/1)^(16 * 1)

                      = $178.78

Therefore, the correct answer is A. $178.78.

It's important to note that zero coupon bonds are unique because they don't make regular interest payments like traditional bonds. Instead, the investor buys the bond at a discount and receives the full face value at maturity. The yield to maturity is the rate of return an investor will earn if they hold the bond until maturity.

In this case, the yield to maturity is 11.3 percent, given annual compounding. This means that if the investor holds the bond until maturity, they will earn a return of 11.3 percent per year, compounded annually.

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Overall, even though artists like Lady Gaga usually collect significant costs for their performances, there are a variety of reasons why they could agree to play at the Super Bowl halftime show for nothing.

1. Exposure: With an estimated 111.3 million viewers in 2017, the Super Bowl was one of the most viewed television events in the globe. An musician may gain a lot of publicity and expand their fanbase by taking the stage during the Super Bowl halftime performance.

2. Promotion: Since the Super Bowl halftime show is such a well-known event, taking the stage there may be a terrific opportunity for an artist to spread the word about their future album, tour, or other endeavours.

3. Prestige: One of the largest platforms in the music industry is said to be the Super Bowl halftime performance. It is a big honour to be asked to play at the Super Bowl halftime show, and for many musicians, it is a career high point.

4. Philanthropy: Some musicians decide to give their time and talents freely to worthy causes by appearing at high-profile gatherings. Although Lady Gaga's reasons for accepting this particular gig are unknown to the public, it's likely that she did so in order to assist the NFL or another cause.

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many payroll service providers offer online calculators or price quotes on their websites. You may want to check with some payroll service providers to get an estimated cost of their services for a client with 20 employees.

When preparing a proposal for a prospective client, it's important to conduct thorough research on the client's specific needs and tailor the proposal accordingly. The proposal should include a detailed description of the services to be provided, the timeline for implementation, the cost of services, and any terms and conditions that apply. The proposal should also highlight the benefits of using the payroll service provider's services and how they can add value to the client's business.

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If your income decreases and your consumption of hot cross buns increases, hot cross buns are considered a(n) inferior good. The correct option is d.

Hot cross buns would be considered an inferior good if your income decreases and your consumption of hot cross buns increases. An inferior good is a type of good where demand decreases as income increases and demand increases as income decreases.

Hot cross buns are often considered an inferior good because they are a cheaper alternative to other baked goods, such as pastries and cakes, and therefore people may switch to them when their income decreases.

When people's income decreases, they may switch to consuming more hot cross buns as a cheaper alternative to other baked goods. Conversely, if their income were to increase, they may switch to consuming more expensive baked goods instead, and demand for hot cross buns would decrease.

Therefore, option d is correct.

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Now you have successfully identified the total dollar volume of not approved accounts receivable and saved your worksheet as "Not Approved AR."

The total dollar volume of accounts receivable (AR) that was not approved, follow these steps:

1. Open the accounts receivable file in Excel or similar spreadsheet software.
2. Click on the "Filter" button (it looks like a funnel) in the toolbar to enable the filter pane.
3. Locate the column containing the approval status, and click on the small arrow next to the column header to open the filter options.
4. Uncheck the "Approved" option and click "OK" to filter out the approved AR transactions.
5. Now, you should only see the not approved AR transactions. To find the total dollar volume, locate the column containing the dollar amounts.
6. Click on an empty cell below the dollar amount column and use the SUM function to calculate the total: =SUM(column_range). Replace "column_range" with the appropriate cell range (e.g., B2:B50).
7. Press Enter, and the total dollar volume of not approved AR will appear in the selected cell.
8. To save your worksheet with the filtered data, go to "File" > "Save As" and name your file "Not Approved AR" before clicking "Save."

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Out of the given statements, one is false and another one is true.  All of the following are the result of producing poor-quality products except Decreased Costs. Option D is correct.

1) The statement "Activity-based management is not suitable for service companies as it deals with the proper allocation of manufacturing overhead costs" is False. Activity-based management can be applied to both manufacturing and service companies as it helps in identifying and managing activities that drive costs and improve efficiency.

2) The statement "Under just-in-time costing, the purchase of raw materials is recorded by debiting the Raw Materials Inventory account" is True. Just-in-time costing records the purchase of raw materials by debiting the Raw Materials Inventory account, which represents the cost of materials acquired for production.

3) All of the following are the result of producing poor-quality products except D.

Decreased Costs. Poor-quality products typically lead to A. decreased revenues, B. customer awareness of quality problems, and C. increased product repairs. However, decreased costs are not a result of poor-quality products, as poor quality often leads to increased costs due to repairs, returns, and lost sales. option d is correct.

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In the context of network optimization, a minimal spanning tree (MST) is a tree that spans all the nodes (in this case, rooms) of a connected, undirected graph with the minimum possible total edge weight.

The correct answer B) The minimal spanning tree solution finds the lowest cost of wiring the entire building. In the case of providing electricity to all rooms in a building, the nodes of the graph represent the rooms and the edges represent the wiring required to connect them.

The weight of each edge represents the cost of providing electricity between the rooms. The MST solution algorithm finds the set of edges that minimizes the total cost of wiring the entire building.

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The rule for determining the optimal resource use for a single resource or input is to continue adding units of the input until the marginal revenue product (MRP) equals the marginal resource cost (MRC). The optimal level of input is the quantity at which MRP = MRC, where MRP is the additional revenue generated by the last unit of input and MRC is the additional cost incurred by the last unit of input.

In the given table, MP represents the marginal product of labor, MRP represents the marginal revenue product of labor, and MRC represents the marginal resource cost of labor.

To determine the optimal amount of labor, we need to calculate the MRP and MRC for each level of labor input:

When zero units of labor are used, there is no output, so MRP and MRC cannot be calculated.

When one unit of labor is used, the marginal product of labor (MP) is 22, meaning that the output increases by 22 units. The MRP of labor is the marginal product of labor multiplied by the price per unit, so MRP = 22 x $2 = $44. The MRC of labor is simply the cost of one unit of labor, which is $26. Therefore, MRP is greater than MRC, and we should use more labor.

When two units of labor are used, the MP is 16 (38-22), MRP = 16 x $2 = $32, and MRC is $26. Therefore, MRP is still greater than MRC, and we should use more labor.

When three units of labor are used, the MP is 14 (52-38), MRP = 14 x $2 = $28, and MRC is $26. Therefore, MRP is still greater than MRC, and we should use more labor.

When four units of labor are used, the MP is 10 (62-52), MRP = 10 x $2 = $20, and MRC is $26. Therefore, MRP is less than MRC, and we should use less labor.

When five units of labor are used, the MP is 8 (70-62), MRP = 8 x $2 = $16, and MRC is $26. Therefore, MRP is less than MRC, and we should use even less labor.

Therefore, the optimal amount of labor is the quantity at which MRP = MRC, which is three units of labor in this case.

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The issue of whether it is ethical to dump toxic waste in countries that allow it is a complex and controversial one. On the one hand, some argue that it is acceptable to take advantage of countries that have less stringent environmental regulations and that are willing to accept waste for financial gain.

They argue that this can help alleviate the problem of waste management in countries that generate large amounts of waste.

However, on the other hand, many people believe that this practice is highly unethical. They argue that it is immoral to expose people in other countries to toxic waste that could harm their health and the environment.

Additionally, there is a concern that this practice perpetuates a system of global inequality, in which richer countries take advantage of poorer countries for their own benefit.

Furthermore, there is a risk that the waste could end up causing environmental and health problems in the long run. While it may seem like a good short-term solution, the consequences of dumping toxic waste could be devastating in the long-term.

Overall, while there may be arguments in favor of dumping toxic waste in countries that allow it, the potential consequences of this practice should be carefully considered.

Ultimately, it is up to individuals and governments to decide whether this practice is ethical or not.

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True, the Economic theories of exchange rate determination - section 11 - 4 is an important concept and will likely be on the upcoming exam. The concept involves understanding how different factors influence exchange rates, which are crucial in international trade and finance.

There are several economic theories of exchange rate determination, including the Purchasing Power Parity (PPP), Interest Rate Parity (IRP), and the Balance of Payments (BOP) approach.

The PPP theory states that exchange rates should adjust to equalize the prices of goods and services between two countries, while the IRP theory suggests that interest rate differentials between countries should influence exchange rates. Lastly, the BOP approach posits that a country's balance of payments determines its exchange rate.

Understanding these theories is crucial for predicting future exchange rate movements and making informed decisions in international trade and finance. Therefore, it is essential to study section 11 - 4 to prepare for the upcoming exam and ensure a comprehensive understanding of the topic.

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If the interest rate is 6%, then i = 0.06. Substituting this value in the given equation, we get:

md/p = 10,500/5 - 100(0.06)

md/p = 2,100 - 6

md/p = 2,094 billion

Therefore, the demand for real money balances is $2,094 billion.

If the interest rate is 3%, then i = 0.03. Substituting this value in the given equation, we get:

md/p = 10,500/5 - 100(0.03)

md/p = 2,100 - 3

md/p = 2,097 billion

Therefore, the demand for real money balances is $2,099 billion.

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A. Parsons will recover against the construction company because it owes a duty of reasonable care to the workers as well as pedestrians.

The construction company has a duty to exercise reasonable care to ensure the safety of both its workers and pedestrians. Parsons, as a pedestrian, had a reasonable expectation of safety while passing by the construction site. Therefore, the construction company can be held liable for negligence in failing to exercise reasonable care, which resulted in Parsons' injuries.
A. Parsons will recover against the construction company because it owes a duty of reasonable care to the workers as well as pedestrians.

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Mobile computing has become increasingly important for businesses in recent years due to the ubiquity of smartphones and other mobile devices.

With more and more people accessing the internet and conducting business on their phones, companies need to have mobile strategies in place to remain competitive.

In terms of evaluating the mobile strategies of individual firms, there are a number of factors to consider, including the usability of their mobile apps or websites, the range of features offered, and how well they integrate with other aspects of the business. Additionally, it is important to consider how the mobile strategy fits into the overall business strategy, and whether it is effectively reaching the intended audience. Without more information about the specific firms in question, it is difficult to provide a more detailed evaluation.

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Offering a discount to the elite ballplayer segment could be a good strategy. This segment is likely to have a higher budget for equipment and may be willing to pay more for high-quality products. Additionally, offering a discount could incentivize them to make future purchases and become loyal customers.

However, before Maru decides to offer this promotion, she should consider the potential impact on her overall sales and profit margins. Offering a discount could lead to lower profit margins if the discount is too steep or if the elite ballplayer's segment is not a large enough portion of her customer base.

Furthermore, it's important to ensure that the discount is structured in a way that encourages future purchases rather than just one-time sales. Maru could consider offering the discount for a limited time or requiring a minimum purchase amount to receive the discount.

Overall, while offering a discount to the elite ballplayer segment could be a good strategy, Maru should carefully evaluate the potential impact on her business before implementing the promotion.

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a-1) average daily collection float is $488. a-2) The average daily collection float represents money that is temporarily unavailable to the firm is $32,696. e ) maximum payment firm should be willing to reduce weighted average float to 1.5 days is $16,577.84.

Average daily collection float = (total checks per month x weighted average float) / number of days in a month Average daily collection float = (6,100 x 2.4) / 30 = $488

Maximum payment = (current average daily float - desired average daily float) x (number of days in a month / 365) x (total checks per month x average check amount)

Current average daily float = $488 Desired average daily float = 1.5 days Number of days in a month = 30 Total checks per month = 6,100 Average check amount = (0.6 x $51) + (0.4 x $83) = $62.2

Plugging in these values, we get: Maximum payment = ($488 - 1.5) x (30 / 365) x (6,100 x $62.2) = $16,577.84

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Tyrone is struggling to balance the need for innovative, quality service with the cost of hiring and retaining top staff. While he wants to maintain a competitive advantage, he is also aware of the potential negative impact of passing along higher costs to clients. To address this challenge, Tyrone may need to focus on finding innovative ways to provide high-quality service while also managing costs effectively.

This could involve exploring new technologies or processes that streamline operations, or implementing creative strategies for attracting and retaining top talent. Ultimately, his success will depend on his ability to find a balance between quality, innovation, and cost competitiveness, while also staying attuned to the needs and preferences of his clients.

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This suggests that for the hospital to make $500,000 in profit, there must be 17,500 inpatient days of patients.

We must determine the total revenue, total variable costs, and total contribution margin in order to build the hospital's base case projected P&L statement.

Total revenue = Charge per inpatient day x Expected patient load = $1,000 x 15,000 = $15,000,000

Total variable cost = Variable cost per inpatient day x Expected patient load = $200 x 15,000 = $3,000,000

Total contribution margin = Total revenue - Total variable cost = $15,000,000 - $3,000,000 = $12,000,000

Using the contribution margin, we can calculate the hospital's net income:

Net income = Total contribution margin - Fixed costs = $12,000,000 - $10,000,000 = $2,000,000

Hospital's base case projected P&L statement is:

Revenue:

Charge per inpatient day x Expected patient load = $1,000 x 15,000 = $15,000,000

Costs:

Variable cost per inpatient day x Expected patient load = $200 x 15,000 = $3,000,000

Fixed costs = $10,000,000

Total costs = Variable costs + Fixed costs = $3,000,000 + $10,000,000 = $13,000,000

Net income = Revenue - Total costs = $15,000,000 - $13,000,000 = $2,000,000

Contribution margin per inpatient day = Charge per inpatient day - Variable cost per inpatient day = $1,000 - $200 = $800

Breakeven point = Fixed costs / Contribution margin per inpatient day = $10,000,000 / $800 = 12,500 inpatient days

To provide a profit of $1,000,000, we need to find the volume at which the hospital's total contribution margin equals $11,000,000 ($10,000,000 fixed costs + $1,000,000 profit). In this case:

Total contribution margin = Contribution margin per inpatient day x Volume

$12,000,000 + $800V = $11,000,000

$800V = $11,000,000 - $12,000,000

$800V = -$1,000,000

V = -$1,000,000 / $800

V = -1250

To provide a profit of $500,000, we can use the same equation:

Total contribution margin = Contribution margin per inpatient day x Volume

$12,000,000 + $800V = $10,000,000

$800V = $10,000,000 - $12,000,000

$800V = -$2,000,000

V = -$2,000,000 / $800

V = -2500

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The equilibrium national income in this closed economy without investment and government spending, where c = 1000 .8yd, and taxes t=100, is 5000.

In a closed economy without investment and government spending, the equilibrium national income is determined by the consumption function, which is given as c = 1000 .8yd, and the tax function, which is given as t=100. The equilibrium national income is the level of income where total output is equal to total expenditure, which is given by the equation Y = C + I + G, where I and G are investment and government spending, respectively.

Since there is no investment or government spending in this scenario, we can simplify the equation to Y = C + T, where T is taxes. Substituting the given values, we have Y = 1000 .8yd + 100.

To find the equilibrium national income, we need to set Y equal to yd (disposable income), which is given by the equation yd = Y - T. Substituting Y from the previous equation, we have yd = 1000 .8yd + 100 - 100.

Simplifying, we get yd = 1000 .8yd, which can be rearranged to yd = 1000/.2 = 5000.

Therefore, the equilibrium national income in this closed economy without investment and government spending, where c = 1000 .8yd, and taxes t=100, is 5000.

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In a closed economy without investment and government spending, C = 1000 + .8YD, and taxes T=100, what would be the equilibrium national income?