True, aberrant oligodendroglial-vascular interactions disrupt the blood-brain barrier, triggering cns inflammation.
Disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is vital to initiation and perpetuation of disease in multiple sclerosis (MS). We document an interplay among oligodendroglia and vasculature in MS that distinguishes human white count number damage from regular rodent demyelinating damage. we discover perivascular clustering of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) in certain lively MS lesions, representing an inability to properly detach from vessels following perivascular migration.
Perivascular OPCs can themselves disrupt the BBB, interfering with astrocyte endfeet and endothelial tight junction integrity, resulting in altered vascular permeability and an related CNS infection. Aberrant Wnt tone in OPCs mediates their dysfunctional vascular detachment and additionally ends in OPC secretion of Wif1, which interferes with Wnt ligand function on endothelial tight junction integrity.
Aberrant oligodendroglial-vascular interaction in MS indicates that aberrant OPC perivascular migration no longer most effective impairs their lesion recruitment but also can act as a ailment perpetuator thru disruption of the BBB.
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which of the following species should contain genes that are responsible for mitochondrial proteins and are therefore evolutionarily related?
It should be possible for species of apple tree, butterfly, rabbit, and flamingo to share genes that code for mitochondrial proteins due to their shared evolutionary history.
The mitochondria are the powerhouse of the cell, where the metabolic processes of respiration and energy production take place. ATP is produced as a kind of energy.ATP synthase and the electron transport chain are processes that are controlled by specific protein complexes that are encoded by mitochondrial DNA. Muscle cell generation of ATP (energy) will be impacted by a mutation in the mitochondrial genes.The circular chromosome known as mitochondrial DNA can be found inside the cellular organelles known as mitochondria. The mitochondria, which are found in the cytoplasm, are where the cell produces energy and performs other metabolic tasks. Children receive mitochondria from their mother, and as a result, mitochondrial DNA.To know more about mitochondrial proteins
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1. Integumentary 2. Skeletal 3. Muscular
4. Nervous 5. Endocrine 6. Cardiovascular
7. Lymphatic 8. Respiratory 9. Digestive
10. Urinary 11. Reproductive Which systems
assist in regulating body temperature?
Select one:
O a. 2, 3
O b. 10, 7, 5
O c. 9, 6, 8
O d. 1, 3, 6
Answer: D
Explanation:
Blood type in humans is an example of a trait that has multiple alleles. The alleles for type A blood and type B blood are codominant, and type O blood is recessive to both type A and type B. If a girl with type AB blood has a brother with
type O blood and a sister with type B blood, which of the following genotypes could it be possible for their parents to have?
CAO and BO
AB and 00
CAB and BO
CAD and AB
Out of the following genotypes the possible genotype of their parents is option one that is CAO and BO.
The ability to distinguish between different blood types in humans or their blood based on the presence or absence of particular antigens in the blood is known as blood grouping. The presence or lack of two antigens, A and B, on the surface of red blood cells results in one of four major blood types. A, B, AB, O
Blood types that are genetically passed down include:
Parent 1 Blood Group + Parent 2 Blood Group= Baby’s Blood Group
O+O= O
O+A = O or A
O+B = O or B
O + AB= A or B
A+A= O or A
B+B= O or B
AB+AB= A, B. AB
A+B = O A, B, AB
A+AB = A, B. AB
B+AB = A, B. AB
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The ribs are
Select one:
O a. anterior
O b. deep
O c. proximal
O d. superficial
to the skin.
Answer: deep
Explanation:
For each of the following tasks performed in the activity, describe what they are actually simulating.
Cutting the DNA into fragments:
Taping the DNA onto the large paper:
DNA is divided into smaller bits in the lab using restriction enzymes (also known as restriction endonucleases).
How does DNA fingerprinting relate to gel electrophoresis?[Editor's note: Gel electrophoresis is used in DNA fingerprinting to identify between genetic material samples.Enzymes are used to break down the human DNA molecules into a collection of smaller, more manageable bits at specific characteristic places.
Quizlet: What is gel electrophoresis?When an electric current is supplied, a process called gel electrophoresis separates particles according to their charge and size across a gel.DNA, amino acids, peptides, and other molecules can all be charged particles.a technique that makes use of an electrical field to separate DNA from a gelatin-like substance.
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HELP IM ON LIMITED TIME
Given the following phylogenetic tree, which evolutionary trait is
found in the most classes of invertebrates?
Select one:
Radial symmetry
Deuterostomes
Bilateral symmetry
True tissues
Answer:
bilateral symmetry
Explanation:
The evolutionary trait that is found in the most classes of invertebrates is bilateral symmetry. Bilateral symmetry is present in all classes of invertebrates shown on the phylogenetic tree, including mollusks, annelids, and arthropods. Radial symmetry, on the other hand, is only found in the cnidarians, and true tissues are only found in the deuterostomes. Therefore, bilateral symmetry is the trait that is found in the most classes of invertebrates.
(PLEASE ANSWER FAST!!!!!!!!!!)start with the sentence "I feel hungry". In the space below draw a cycle diagram to show how your body would respond to this situation.
In a hunger situation, the body releases some hormones such as ghrelin that stimulate the hunger center of the brain, and then the person feels hungry and eats some foods.
What happens to the body in a hunger situation?In a hunger situation, the energy level drops, the body uses stored materials like glycogen or fats, and hormones like ghrelin release and act on the hunger center, causing the person to feel hungry, and then they eat foods.
Hence, in a hunger situation, the body releases some hormones such as ghrelin that stimulate the hunger center of the brain, and then the person feels hungry and eats some foods.
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Which arrangement of the following four enzymes represents the order in which they would be used in a typical gene-cloning experiment resulting in the insertion of a cDNA into a bacterial plasmid? Begin with the gene's mRNA transcript. (eText Concept 20.1)
reverse transcriptase, DNA polymerase, restriction enzyme, DNA ligase
The order of genes that represents the steps of a gene cloning experiment are: reverse transcriptase, DNA polymerase, restriction enzyme, DNA ligase.
Reverse transcriptase is the enzyme used in the process called reverse transcription. It is the process where DNA is formed from RNA. Such a DNA is called the complementary DNA or c-DNA.
Restriction enzymes are the types of enzyme that cut the strands of DNA by breaking off their phosphodiester bond. This is the reason why the enzyme is also called the molecular scissors. The cut produced by these enzymes can be of two types: blunt cut or sticky ends.
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choose the correct order of the steps in recognizing a smell. - neurons are stimulated - olfactory receptors detect vaporized odor molecules - signal forwarded to cerebral cortex for interpretation - nerve impulse travels to the olfactory bulb in the brain
The correct order of the steps in recognizing a smell is:
1. Olfactory receptors detect vaporized odor molecules
2. Neurons are stimulated
3. Nerve impulse travels to the olfactory bulb in the brain
4. Signal forwarded to the cerebral cortex for interpretation
This neural code originates from sensory neurons in the nose. When an odorant molecule binds to a receptor it initiates an electrical signal that travels from sensory neurons to the olfactory bulb. The olfactory bulb is a structure at the base of the forebrain that relays signals to other brain regions for further processing.
Olfactory receptors are located in the olfactory epithelium. This is a specialized area of the nasal mucosa that covers part of the ethmoid bone in the upper nasal cavity. The reticular formation controls the level of consciousness, the cardiovascular system, and the respiratory system. The ascending sensory system passes through the brainstem on its way to the thalamus.
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Match the mitosis phase at left with its best description at right. daughter cells separate [Choose ] DNA replicates [Choose ] chromosomes form [Choose ] chromosomes line up at cell equator [Choose ] sister chromatids separate [Choose ] 2 new nuclear envelopes form [Choose ]
The match is taht daughter cells separate [Cytokineseis ] DNA replicates [S phase ] chromosomes form [prophase ] chromosomes line up at cell equator [metaphase 2 ] sister chromatids separate [anaphase ] 2 new nuclear envelopes form [telophase ].
Daughter Cells and Cytokinesis the very last step withinside the method of mobileular department happens in cytokinesis. This method starts offevolved at some stage in anaphase and ends after telophase in mitosis.
In cytokinesis, the dividing mobileular is cut up into daughter cells with the assist of the spindle apparatus cell biology, mitosis is part of the cell cycle wherein replicated chromosomes are separated into new nuclei. Cell department with the aid of using mitosis offers upward thrust to genetically equal cells wherein the overall range of chromosomes is maintained. Therefore, mitosis is likewise referred to as equational department.
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Determine if the graph shows a proportional relationship.
Yes, it is proportional because the line intersects with the origin.
Yes, it is proportional because the axes are numbered correctly.
No, it is not proportional because the line does not intersect with the origin.
No, it is not proportional because the points do not make a straight line.
Yes, it is proportional because the line intersects with the origin.
what is proportional relationship in graph ?
What are proportional relationships in a graph? A relationship where the ratio between the two variables is constant is called a graph proportional relationship. Consider the association between x and y, for instance.
A straight line graph that travels through the origin will always result from two values that are in direct proportion. The gradient of the graph will be positive if the proportionality constant is positive. The gradient of the graph will be negative if the constant is negative.
On this graph, the origin (0, 0) is represented by the point (0, 0). It is a linear relationship if there is no time, no distance, and we can also see that it is a line. You are dealing with a proportional relationship if it is linear and passes through the origin.
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Teenage autonomy is
A) seldom achieved.
B) often reacted to with anger by parents.
C) dysfunctional.
D) best accomplished through scaffolding.
When a parent grants their kid autonomy, they provide them the freedom to choose their own self-expression, beliefs, way of life, and hobbies, hence option B is correct.
What is Teenage autonomy?Every teenager needs to acquire emotional independence. It is an essential component of human growth.
The development of the psychosocial-individual, which is connected to the social-individual interaction, includes emotional autonomy. Through intervention, emotional autonomy might be achieved.
A person's ability to consider and assess their own conduct enhances autonomy since it deals with controlling behavior via the self.
One can develop the ability to ponder in a free, calm, or interested manner, which can aid one in avoiding acting on impulse or under the influence of external or internal compulsion.
Therefore, teenage autonomy is often reacted to with anger by parents.
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what do limiting factors do ?
Answer:
It limits the amount of something, ex 1: population of animals. ex 2: food.
Explanation:
Limiting = a cap on something
factor = contribution to a outcome or result
by limiting, it factors a result of a limited amount of x
A kite is an example of what
Answer:
Explanation:
airplane
our entire blood volume circulates through your kidneys
The statement "our entire blood volume circulates through your kidneys" is absolutely false.
What is the function of the kidneys?The function of the kidneys is to cleanse the blood of toxins and transform the waste into urine. The human body consists of two kidneys. Each kidney weighs about 160 grams and gets rid of between one and one-and-a-half liters of urine per day. The two kidneys together filter 200 liters of fluid every 24 hours.
About one-quarter of the total cardiac output (or total blood flow) circulates through the kidneys. This equates to just over 1 liter of blood every minute. So, it is incorrect to say that our entire blood volume circulates through our kidneys.
Therefore, the statement "our entire blood volume circulates through your kidneys" is absolutely false.
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can you use the terms to complete this paragraph that summarizes the organization of the vertebrate nervous system?
When you touch a hot stove, *sensory receptors* in your fingertip detect the risk and turn it into an electrical signal. This signal travels from your fingertip to your brain via nerve cells known as *sensory neurons*.
These nerves are part of the *peripheral nervous system*, which is an anatomical component of the nervous system. The signal is sent along these nerves to the spinal cord and brain.
These two components comprise an anatomical division known as the *central nervous system*. Within this area of the nervous system, specialized nerve cells known as *interneurons* integrate this information, develop a reaction, and then transmit these instructions to *motor neurons* as nerve impulses.
These neurons send impulses to the muscles in your arm, causing them to draw your hand away.
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how would urbanization impact the nitrogen cycle
Urbanization has a particularly large effect on the nitrogen (N) cycle, reducing watershed N retention and increasing downstream N export. Excess N export can lead to eutrophication, with associated algal blooms, and periodic hypoxia in freshwater and coastal ecosystems.
Explanation:
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Increased temperatures, elevated CO2 levels, pollution, heavy metal deposition, earthworm activity, and nitrogen deposition are all factors that affect urban regions.
Some plant species' growth has been linked to urbanization. Given that the availability of nitrogen has historically restricted plant growth in many terrestrial environments, this rise in growth may be due to excessive nitrogen deposition.
Nitrogen, a nutrient that has historically been limited in terrestrial ecosystems, can potentially have major effects on soil microbial communities that control the breakdown of organic matter, hence controlling nutrient availability for plants.
Examining the role of the extracellular enzymes that mediate decomposition and nutrient cycling can help us understand changes in these processes.
The nitrogen (N) cycle is significantly impacted by urbanization, which decreases watershed N retention and increases downstream N export.
In freshwater and coastal environments, excessive N export can cause eutrophication, which is accompanied by algal blooms and intermittent hypoxia.
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Impulses transmitted through the direct, pyramidal or corticospinal pathway, pass directly from upper to lower motor neurons (no __________ involved) and are responsible for __________ control of skeletal muscles.
interneurons, conscious
The conscious control of skeletal muscles is accomplished by impulses that go down the direct, pyramidal, or corticospinal pathway, which connects upper and lower motor neuron interneurons directly.
What is regulated by the corticospinal pathway?The main neural circuit supplying voluntary motor activity is known as the corticospinal tract, sometimes known as the pyramidal tract. To allow movement of the distal extremities, this tract joins the spinal cord and brain.
What signals does the corticospinal tract send?Motor impulses are sent from the primary motor cortex in the brain through the spinal cord to the muscles in the trunk and limbs via the corticospinal tract. Therefore, this tract is engaged in the body's muscles' voluntary movements.
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Scientists collect data then develop and use models to make predictions about future climate conditions.
How does the data that scientists collect get used with climate models?
Scientists spend one year collecting data from one location. After all data is collected, scientists stop collecting data and input this information into a model to simulate real-world conditions.
Scientists collect ongoing data from many locations around the world. They then input this data into a mathematical or computer-based model to simulate real-world conditions.
Scientists collect data and use models separately. First, scientists develop models. Then, they collect data.
Collecting data and developing models are used for different purposes. Data is used to make predictions where models are used to make conclusions.
Scientists collect ongoing data from many locations around the world. They then input this data into a mathematical or computer-based model to simulate real-world conditions.
What is climate forecasting?Weather averages and other climatic characteristics are predicted by climate forecasts from a few weeks to a few years in advance. Such forecasts are increasingly being made using thorough models of the Earth's climate system.
Since it aids in forecasting future climate conditions, climatology and weather forecasting are crucial. The likelihood that snow and hail will reach the surface can be calculated using latitude. You may also determine the thermal energy from the sun that a location can get.
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what's the difference between biosphere and ecosystem
Answer:
An ecosystem is a collection of living things that coexist in a specific location and interact with it.
The region of the earth that is inhabited by living things is known as the biosphere, which also includes the land, ocean, and atmosphere.
Explanation:
Brainliest?
5. In nucleic acids the purine nitrogenous base are A. uracil and thymine E. adenine and guanine C. cytosine and guanine D. guanine and thymine
Answer:
The correct answer is Adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine.
Explanation:
The four bases in DNA are: adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine.
In RNA, thymine gets replaced by uracil.
Purine is only a name for the two bases guanine and adenine.
A protein called keratin71 affects what kind of hair dogs have. One variation of keratin71 results in straight hair. A variation of keratin71 results in curly hair. This curly-hair variation of keratin71 has a different protein structure than the straight-hair variation. Write the steps to complete a flow chart to describe how straight hair is produced in dogs.
Dogs with N/N (i.e, N = no curl) genotype are observed to have a straight hair coat. This curl variant cannot be transmitted to their offspring.
How are dogs' straight hair strands created?Dogs who have straight hair have two copies of the straight version of the gene (cc); dogs who have wavy hair have one copy of the straight form of the gene and one copy of the curly form (Cc); and dogs who have curly hair are homozygous for the curly mutation (CC).
The RSPO2 gene (furniture), FGF5 gene (long hair), and KRT71 gene (coat type) are the three genes involved (curly gene). Both the furnishings gene and the curly gene are dominant, and only one copy is necessary to have a coat that is furnished or curly, respectively.
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Which ocean process brings vital nutrients from the bottom to the surface waters?
O density
O downwelling
O floating
O upwelling
Answer:
Option 4) Upwelling currentsUpwelling currents bring cold nutrient-rich waters from the ocean bottom to the surface, supporting many of the most important fisheries and ecosystems in the world.Which system of the body produces adrenaline, a hormone that increases strength in times of stress?
Answer: adrenal glands
Explanation: Adrenaline is produced in the medulla in the adrenal glands as well as some of the central nervous system's neurons. Within a couple of minutes during a stressful situation, adrenaline is quickly released into the blood, sending impulses to organs to create a specific response.
what parts do ruminants and poultry have in common?
Stomata parts do ruminants and poultry have in common.
What are ruminants?Ruminants are defined as hoofed herbivorous grazing or browsing mammals that may absorb nutrients from plant-based diet by fermenting it before digestion, primarily through microbial processes, in a specialized stomach.
Monogastric animals, including pigs, fish, and poultry, are more dependent on grains and pulses, which compete for land that could be used to grow food for humans. Ruminant animals, like sheep, cattle, and goats, rely more on forages and grasses that are not suitable for human use.
Thus, stomata parts do ruminants and poultry have in common.
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Four types of cell with chloroplasts
Plant cells, parenchyma cells, collenchyma cells and chlorenchyma cell contains chloroplasts.
What are the functions of chloroplasts?A chloroplast is a type of membrane-bound organelle known as a plastid that conducts photosynthesis mostly in plant and algal cells.
Moreover, chloroplasts produce energy through photosynthesis and oxygen-release processes, which sustain plant growth and crop yield. As such, chloroplasts are responsible for the biosynthesis of active compounds.
There are two distinct regions present inside a chloroplast known as the grana and stroma. Grana are made up of stacks of disc-shaped structures known as thylakoids or lamellae.
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About _____ of the approximately 200 million sperm actually make it to a woman's egg to have a chance at fertilization.
a. 1
b. 200
c. 2 million
d. 20,000
The correct answer is b. about 200 of the approximately 200 million sperm actually make it to a woman's egg to have a chance at fertilization.
The definition of sperm is a male reproductive cells which are produced in the testicles, which is a male's reproductive organ. In human reproductive process, the sperm cells from a male will travel to a woman's reproductive organ called ovum which then the sperm will enter fertilize the ovum then conception occurs and embryo will develop. Out of the approximately 200 million sperm cells that travels into the female reproductive organs, only a handful of the strongest sperm which is about 200 will actually make it into the ovum for fertilization.
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Why is heritable variation important?
A. Without variation species would reproduce too quickly
and become overpopulated.
B. It creates variation within a population and helps a
species survive changes in the environment. This is the answer
C. Heritable variation isn't important and it doesn't
benefit a species.
In the given case- It creates variation within a population and helps a species survive changes in the environment.
What is heritable variation?
The additive genetic variance, also known as the heritable variation, is defined as the variance of the breeding values among individuals, σ A 2.Examples of genetic variants that can exist in a human population include skin color, hair color, dimples, freckles, and blood type.Genetic diversity can come from various sources, one of which being mutations, or alterations in the DNA's gene sequences. Gene flow, or the transfer of genes between several groups of organisms, is another source. The development of new gene combinations through sexual reproduction can also result in genetic variety.Learn more about variations here:
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clostridium botulinum, the causative agent of botulism, has more than one portal of entry: the gastrointestinal tract and the skin. T/F
It is true that Clostridium botulinum, the causative agent of botulism, has more than one portal of entry: the gastrointestinal tract and the skin.
Under low oxygen conditions, the bacterium Clostridium botulinum produces harmful toxins (botulinum toxins). One of the most lethal substances known is botulinum toxins. Botulinum toxin toxins impair nerve function and can cause paralysis of the respiratory and muscular systems. C. botulinum can occasionally infect a wound. When a contaminated illicit drug, like black tar heroin, is injected into muscle or skin, this is the most common method. Botulinum toxins are ingested through the gastrointestinal tract, when food that hasn't been properly processed contains bacteria or spores that can survive, grow, and produce the toxins.
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Hydrogen bonding among water molecules gives water all of the following important properties, EXCEPT:
A transparent colour falls in no place and do not really have any correlation in oxygen and hydrogen relationship.
What is hydrogen bond?hydrogen bond is a primarily electrostatic force of attraction between ever hydrogenated atom which is covalently bound to a more Electronegativity "donor" or atom or the group.
Hydrogen bonds here in the water provides a lot of the benefits which includes cohesion, releasing heat of formation of when forming, Also because of the fact that water molecules are polar, they form hydrogen molecules are you and give water some of which ranges from high boiling point, are the relative gravity, adhesion ad also cohesion. It is also known that oxygen atom of attracts the electrons more to be im strongly than the hydrogen.
A transparent colour falls in no place and do not really have any correlation in oxygen and hydrogen relationship.
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