Answer:
yes
Explanation:
this is because alternative risk transfer is purposely for insurance
Answer:
The alternative risk transfer (ART) market allows companies to purchase coverage and transfer risk without having to use traditional commercial insurance. The ART market includes risk retention groups (RRGs), insurance pools, captive insurers, and alternative insurance products.
Explanation:
chapter 2 Mindtap principle of management
What did the entrepreneurs say about "brainpower" in the video? There was a comment by both managers involving "disagreement", and how many brains are involved in running their business. Summarize their feelings, and then state whether you agree or disagree with this. Why or why not? When it is more appropriate to have highly structured process and procedure in running a restaurant?
2. Have you ever experienced highly structured management styles? Did you like it, or not? For example, I (Todd, your instructor) managed a call center where agents were required to say, exactly, "Customer Service, this is Todd, may I have your account number please?" as their greeting. They were also required to say, verbatim, "Thank you for calling BankName, good-bye." If they varied from this structure, they were scored lower on their call ratings. This helped the bank show the same service to all customers, in the minds of the managers. We also had very specific ways to access the phone, take breaks, and so on. This is an example of high structure, and I am not saying it was good or bad. Do you have examples of "very high" or "very low" structure to share? Relate it to the video.
3. The manager in the video disagrees with a very common customer service philosophy. What does he say he disagrees with? Do you agree with his statement, why why not?
Structured processes are essential in a restaurant for consistency and quality control. For example, a highly structured recipe and cooking process can maintain the real taste of a dish.
What is the principle about?Individual encounters with highly regimented management approaches can diverge. Highly structured processes and procedures can bring clarity and consistency for some individuals. When determining the level of organization to implement, it is imperative that managers take into account the requirements and choices of their staff.
Therefore, the manager holds a different perspective regarding the conventional customer service philosophy, as said philosophy can differ considerably based on the type of industry and organization.
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Career clusters include Finance and Health Science.
A.
True
B.
False
Answer:
I think it's true so a hope this helps
A newspaper article written by the Associated Press in 1994 reported that the U.S. economy
was experiencing a low rate of inflation. It said that "low inflation has a downside: 45 million
recipients of Social Security and other benefits will see their checks go up by just 2.8 percent
next year." Why does inflation affect the increase in Social Security and other benefits?
Briefly explain.
Inflation affects the increase in Social Security and other benefits since these benefits are modified on a regular basis to keep up with increased living costs.
How does inflation affect the Social Security and other benefitsWhen inflation is modest, the cost of goods and services does not rise significantly, and thus the adjustment to Social Security and other payments is reduced. If, on the other hand, inflation is strong, the cost of goods and services rises quickly, and the adjustment to Social Security and other benefits must be larger to keep up with the increased expenses.
This is because the government wants to ensure that Social Security recipients can keep their purchasing power despite rising commodity and service prices.
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Web developers work with a range of software applications. Which of these is an example of a software application?
A.
Photoshop
B.
Python
C.
HTML5
D.
JavaScript
A. Photoshop is an example of a software application. It is a graphics editor used for creating images, artwork, and other visuals.
What is software?Software is a set of instructions or programs that tell a computer or other device how to perform a specific task. Software can be stand-alone, meaning that it runs independently, or it can be bundled with hardware or other software. It is typically written in high-level programming languages, such as Java, C, and Python, which are designed to be easily understood by humans. Software applications are usually used to carry out complex tasks or to provide access to a variety of services, such as web-based applications, databases, and gaming platforms.
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Define 2 entry strategies for the global markets (2)
2 entry strategies for the global markets are
ExportingForeign Direct Investment (FDI)What are the entry strategies for the global markets?Exporting: Exporting has widely become an attainable strategy for firms entering into global markets, with the production of services and goods being done in their own country to be followed by the selling of them abroad. Companies can explore this device either directly or through third-party intermediaries such as agents and distributors.
Foreign Direct Investment (FDI): To acquire a physical presence in a foreign market, companies often settle upon the investing route - Foreign Direct Investment (FDI). Through this approach, enterprises are able to exercise increased control within their operations, adjust products/services to attend local demand, and reap economies of scale and scope.
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How do organizational skills assist in productivity in the workforce?
What does extroversion,openness,consciousness,neuroticism and agreeableness have in common
onsider the following hypothesis test.
:
:
The following results are for two independent samples taken from the two populations.
Sample 1 sample 2
n1=45 n2=55
x1=25.5. x2=22.6
o1=5.0 02=6.0
a. what is the value of the test statistic (n round to 2 decimals)?
b. what is the p-value ( run to 4 decimals)? use z-value rounded to 2 decimals places.
c. with a= 0.05, what is you hypothesis testing conclusion?
a. What is the value of the test statistic (round to 2 decimals)?
Answer:
To find the value of the test statistic, we need to calculate the standard error of the difference between the means and then use it to calculate the z-score.
The formula for the standard error of the difference between the means is:
SE = sqrt((s1^2/n1) + (s2^2/n2))
where s1 and s2 are the sample standard deviations, and n1 and n2 are the sample sizes.
Substituting the given values, we get:
SE = sqrt((5^2/45) + (6^2/55)) = 1.257
The formula for the z-score is:
z = (x1 - x2) / SE
Substituting the given values, we get:
z = (25.5 - 22.6) / 1.257 = 2.31
Therefore, the value of the test statistic is 2.31
What are some of the biggest challenges identified by the various NASA project managers interviewed in the video?
Answer: The biggest challenges are measures of projects success like if a project fails.
Explanation: NASA's project management challenges identified 4 factors the present the greatest challenges to successful projects.
Fahmi would like some advice on what skills he would need to become a film director. Which of these people at Fahmi’s school would MOST likely be able to provide useful advice?
A.
principal or vice principal
B.
guidance counselor
C.
commercial drawing teacher
D.
painting and drawing instructor
You want to buy a house within 3 years, and you are currently saving for the down payment.
You plan to save $5000 at the end of the first year, and you anticipate that your annual savings
will increase by 10 % annually thereafter. Your expected annual return is 7%. How much would
you have for a down payment at the end of year 3?
You would have $17,081.69 for a down payment at the compounded end of year 3.
Assuming that you save at the end of each year and your expected annual return is 7%, your total savings at the end of year 3 can be calculated using the following formula:
A = [tex]P(1 +\frac{r}{n})^{(n*t)}[/tex]
Where:
A = Total amount after t years
P = Principal amount
r = Annual interest rate
n = Number of times interest is compounded per year
t = Time period in years
Savings at end of year 3 = (Savings at end of year 1 x (1 + 7%)²) + (Savings at end of year 1 x (1 + 10%) x (1 + 7%)) + (Savings at end of year 1 x (1 + 10%)² x (1 + 7%))
Plugging in the numbers, we get:
Savings at end of year 3 = ($5000 x 1.07²) + ($5000 x 1.10 x 1.07) + ($5000 x 1.10² x 1.07) = $17,081.69
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Sean has just been promoted to shift manager at the store where he works. What is the FIRST thing he should do when he is trying to resolve a conflict between two employees that he supervises?
A.
give constructive criticism to the employee who is in the wrong
B.
find out what the conflict is about so he understands what’s going on
C.
think about what to say to each employee
D.
have both employees write down the solution to the conflict
Answer:
When trying to resolve a conflict between two employees that he supervises, the first thing Sean should do is to determine whether the situation is emotionally charged and define the severity of the conflict. Once he has assessed the issue, if appropriate, he should talk to each employee individually to let them know he’s aware of the situation. Then, he should encourage open communication and resolution among the employees involved. He can ask them if they feel comfortable going to the other employee and handling it one-on-one.
Explanation:
Discuss the mojar tyoes of operations performed by warehouse with vivid example
Answer:
Warehouses perform several operations such as receiving products from suppliers, storing them in an organized manner, picking products to fulfill customer orders, and packing products for shipment. For example, a warehouse may receive products from a supplier, store them on shelves or in bins, pick products from storage to fulfill customer orders and pack them into boxes for shipping.
If a bank pays a 6% nominal rate, with monthly compounding, on deposits, what effective annual rate does the bank pay?
Answer:
So effective interest rate would be 6.17%, which means if we apply 6.17% interest rate per year, it will give us exactly the same future value as applying interest rate of 6% compounded monthly.
Which of the following is an example of investing in yourself?
A) Investing your money in the stock market
B) Taking the time to learn how to create a budget
C) Signing up for an online class
D) Planning out your financial goals
Q3- Describe types of HR policies.
Answer:
Here are different types of HR policies:
Recruitment and Selection Policies: These policies outline the procedures for hiring and selecting new employees. They may include guidelines for job postings, applicant screening, interview processes, and background checks.Performance Management Policies: These policies establish how employee performance is evaluated, monitored, and measured. They typically include guidelines for setting performance expectations, conducting performance appraisals, and providing feedback to employees.Compensation and Benefits Policies: These policies outline the organization's approach to compensating employees for their work. They may include guidelines for salary, bonuses, incentives, and benefits packages, such as health insurance, retirement plans, and paid time off.Employee Relations Policies: These policies define how the organization manages employee relations issues, such as workplace harassment, discrimination, and grievances. They may include guidelines for conflict resolution, disciplinary action, and termination procedures.Workplace Health and Safety Policies: These policies establish the organization's approach to promoting a safe and healthy work environment. They may include guidelines for identifying and addressing workplace hazards, implementing safety training programs, and providing employees with protective equipment.Training and Development Policies: These policies outline the organization's approach to employee training and development. They may include guidelines for identifying training needs, selecting training methods, and providing ongoing professional development opportunities.Diversity and Inclusion Policies: These policies promote diversity, equity, and inclusion in the workplace. They may include guidelines for creating a diverse and inclusive workforce, addressing unconscious bias, and promoting cultural competence.Explanation:
If the money multiplier is 5, then the required reserve ratio is: a. 25% b. 10% c. 20% d. 15%
If the money multiplier is 5, the required reserve ratio would be 20%. The correct option is c.
The relationship between the amount of money that can be created through lending and the amount of reserves held by banks is defined by the idea of the money multiplier.
In a fractional reserve banking system, banks must hold a predetermined portion of their deposits as reserves, which they are not allowed to lend against. Lending and investing can be done with the remaining money.
Reserve ratio= 1/5=0.2
Reserve ratio = 20%
The correct option is c.
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Inflationary expectations have no effect on bond prices.
True
False
Answer:
The answer is TRUE. A change in expected inflation would have a direct impact on the interest rate, which will affect the bond price. This will shift the demand and supply of bonds in the market.
Explanation:
Answer:
The answer is TRUE. A change in expected inflation would have a direct impact on the interest rate, which will affect the bond price. This will shift the demand and supply of bonds in the market.
Explanation:
The given statement is False.
Inflationary expectations significantly impact the bond market.
During times of high inflationary expectations, investors want a higher return due to the rising interest rates and the cost of living index. This reduces bond prices and increases returns.
Similarly, when inflationary expectations are lower, investors are willing to accept lower returns, which increases the demand for bonds and leads to an increase in price levels.
Therefore inflationary expectations have a significant impact on the prices of the bonds and the expectations of the investors.
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The given statement is False.
Inflationary expectations significantly impact the bond market.
During times of high inflationary expectations, investors want a higher return due to the rising interest rates and the cost of living index. This reduces bond prices and increases returns.
Similarly, when inflationary expectations are lower, investors are willing to accept lower returns, which increases the demand for bonds and leads to an increase in price levels.
Therefore inflationary expectations have a significant impact on the prices of the bonds and the expectations of the investors.
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What is the difference between debt financing and equity financing?
A) Startups are often able to get debt financing much easier than equity financing
B) None of the above
C) Equity financing involves selling shares of ownership in the company while debt financing does not
D) Equity financing often involves paying interest while debt financing does not
While debt financing does not include selling firm shares, equity financing does. The correct answer is option (c).
What is Equity financing and Debt financing?Selling shares of your company to existing shareholders or to a new investor is referred to as equity financing. This does not imply that you must give up management of your company; your investor may still own a tiny stake. Equity financing is the method through which companies raise capital by offering investors shares of their company.
Using debt financing, a company can raise money for working capital and capital expenditures by selling debt instruments to consumers and/or institutional investors. The individuals or organisations that receive the money become creditors & are guaranteed that the loan's principal and interest will be repaid.
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Decisions for Tomorrow Suppose a person who is developing a card game crowdfunds $40,000 and holds this as cash for future
expenses. If this $40,000 comes from donors' checking accounts, by how much will the money supply fall if the reserve ratio is 10
percent?
Instructions: Enter your response as a whole number.
The money supply will decrease by $
4
Explanation:
If the reserve ratio is 10 percent, this means that the bank is required to hold onto 10 percent of the funds deposited in reserve and can lend out the remaining 90 percent. Therefore, if the $40,000 received from donors' checking accounts is deposited into a bank, the bank will hold $4,000 (10% of $40,000) in reserve and can lend out the remaining $36,000.
Since the initial $40,000 was created by donors depositing money into their checking accounts, it represents an increase in the money supply. However, when the money is deposited into the bank and the reserve ratio is applied, the total money supply will decrease by the amount held in reserve. Therefore, the money supply will decrease by $4,000.
11. Inflation can be eliminated by all of the following EXCEPT* [
Contractionary Monetary Policy
raising the discount rate
Raisng the reserve requirement
Fed buying bonds on the open market
None of the choices provided in the question can remove inflation.
How can inflation be eliminated?While monetary policy tools such as contractionary monetary policy, lowering the discount rate, raising the reserve requirement, and the Fed buying bonds on the open market can be used to contain inflation, they cannot remove it entirely.
Inflation is a complicated economic phenomenon impacted by a variety of factors such as supply and demand for goods and services, economic growth, and changes in government policy.
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Mr. James Steven is the Sr Manager in an established IT company. He works with a core team of 20 and at most times communicated through written verbal communication. He intends to sound persuasive while he communicates with his team and he wants them to feel equal at all times. Which are the steps of writing messa
Mr. James Steven should:
Define the purposeKnow the audienceSelect the right wordsStructure the messageWhat are the steps of writing?It is important for him to understand his audience and modify his message to suit their specific needs. Creating a more convincing message can be achieved by comprehending the needs, interests, and expectations of the audience.
He ought to use words that are brief, and influential. It is advisable to maintain a constructive and uplifting tone in the communication.
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See text below
Mr. James Steven is the Sr Manager in an established IT company. He works with a core team of 20 and at most times communicated through written verbal communication. He intends to sound persuasive while he communicates with his team and he wants them to feel equal at all times. Which are the steps of writing messages that he should keep in mind while drafting messages to be sent to his team. Define strategies of writing persuasive messages?
Bradley plans to borrow $14,000 to pay for his education. The federal government will provide him with the money, but in return he must pay it all back over several years, plus an extra fee that amounts to 3 percent of the money each year. What is that original sum of $14,000 called?
A.
penalty
B.
accounting
C.
principal
D.
interest
Define crime and what it means to conform in a sociological context.
Answer:
In sociology, a normative definition views crime as deviant behavior that violates prevailing norms, or cultural standards prescribing how humans ought to behave normally
Explanation:
Crime can be defined as an act or behavior that violates the law and is punishable by the state. This can range from minor offenses like traffic violations to serious crimes like murder and theft.
In a sociological context, conformity refers to the act of adhering to the norms, values, and expectations of a particular group or society. Conformity is seen as a way of maintaining social order and stability, as individuals who conform to the norms of their society are seen as contributing to the functioning of the social system.
However, conformity can also have negative consequences, as it can lead to the reinforcement of social inequalities and the perpetuation of discriminatory attitudes and behaviors. Additionally, individuals who do not conform to the norms of their society may be labeled as deviant and may face social sanctions or criminal punishment.
Therefore, while conformity can contribute to social order and stability, it is important to recognize the potential negative consequences of conformity and to work towards creating a society that values diversity and individuality while maintaining social cohesion.
Brainliest?
in 200 words write about in direct reference to the Machan article "Environmentalism Humanized" (under readings on Canvas) and the film The Yes Men Fix the Planet, please discuss the following: in your opinion is the approach that the Yes Men take in any one of their farcical ploys a way of creating value in the sense that Machan discusses? Please pick one "prank" depicted in the film and discuss how it either creates value or does not. Remember to explain key terms (hint: you will want to describe exactly what Machan means by value creation and how it works). Also, please remember to refer to the guidelines in the syllabus for reflection specifics outside this prompt.
In his article "Environmentalism Humanized," Tibor Machan argues that environmentalism should shift its focus from nature-centric to human-centric values. According to Machan, the most effective way to promote environmental values is to demonstrate how they benefit human well-being. He believes that the market system, with its emphasis on innovation and efficiency, can best serve the goals of environmentalism. Machan contends that by creating value for humans, environmental protection can become a sustainable and profitable enterprise.
The film "The Yes Men Fix the Planet" shows two activists, Andy Bichlbaum and Mike Bonanno, who use satire and pranks to draw attention to environmental issues. One of their pranks involves a fake press conference in which they announce that Dow Chemical will compensate the victims of the Bhopal disaster, which resulted in the deaths of thousands of people in India due to a gas leak. The Yes Men's goal was to shame Dow Chemical into taking responsibility for the disaster.
In my opinion, The Yes Men's approach can create value in the sense that Machan discusses. The Dow Chemical prank highlights the company's failure to address the needs of those affected by its operations. The prank generates public attention and criticism that could pressure Dow Chemical to take more responsibility for its actions. By drawing attention to the issue, the prank could lead to positive changes in the company's behavior.
Furthermore, the prank highlights the inadequacies of government regulations in protecting the public from corporate harm. This could lead to a public demand for stronger regulations that could prevent similar disasters in the future. The prank can also create a sense of solidarity among those who share the activists' concerns, leading to greater public support for environmental protection.
In conclusion, The Yes Men's approach, while unconventional, can create value in the sense that Machan discusses. The Dow Chemical prank draws attention to environmental issues and can generate public pressure for positive change. The prank highlights the need for stronger regulations and can build public support for environmental protection.
*IG:whis.sama_ent*
Use the IS-LM diagram to describe the short-run and long-run effects of the following changes
on national income, the interest rate, the price level, consumption, investment, and real
money balances.
a. An decrease in the money supply.
b. An increase in taxes.
Okay, here is how we can analyze the short-run and long-run effects of these changes using the IS-LM diagram:
a. A decrease in the money supply:
Short-run:
IS curve shifts to the left, decreasing investment spending at any given interest rate. The interest rate rises to restore equilibrium, shifting the LM curve to the left as well. National income falls, consumption and real money balances decrease while the price level rises.
Long-run:
The higher interest rate discourages investment, shifting the IS curve further left. The economy settles at a lower level of national income, consumption falls further, investment declines substantially, the price level rises more, and real money balances continue decreasing.
b. An increase in taxes:
Short-run:
The increase in taxes shifts the IS curve to the left, decreasing investment at any given interest rate. The interest rate rises to offset this, shifting the LM curve left as well. National income falls, consumption decreases, investment declines, the price level rises slightly, and real money balances drop.
Long-run:
The higher interest rate and tax burden significantly curb investment, shifting the IS curve further left. The economy settles at a much lower level of national income, consumption falls substantially, investment nearly disappears, the price level rises moderately more, and real money balances continue decreasing appreciably.
In summary, in both the short-run and long-run, a decrease in the money supply and an increase in taxes lead to lower output, income, consumption and investment along with higher interest rates, price levels and smaller real money balances. The long-run impacts are more severe as adjustments take time. Please let me know if you need more details.
We have to use an IS-LM diagram where we can describe the short-run and long-run effects of the changes on national income, the interest rate, the price level, consumption, investment, and real money balances. An decrease in the money supply and an increase in taxes can be shown by describing short run and long run.
a. A decrease in the money supply: Short-run: At any particular interest rate, the IS curve shifts towards the left, reducing investment expenditures. To reestablish equilibrium, the interest rate rises, pushing the LM curve for the left. While the price level rises, national income falls, consumption & real money balances fall. Long-run: Higher interest rates discourage investment, causing the IS curve to shift to the left. The economy settles around a lower level of national income, consumption falls more, investment falls further, inflation rises further, and real money balances continue to shrink.
b. An increase in taxes:
Short-run: Tax increases cause the IS curve to shift to the left, reducing investment at a particular interest rate. To compensate, interest rates rise, pushing the LM curve to the left. National income falls, consumption falls, investment falls, prices rise marginally, and real money balances fall. Long-run: larger interest rates and a larger tax burden considerably reduce investment, pushing the IS curve to the left. The economy settles at a much smaller amount of national income, consumption declines significantly, investment practically disappears, the price level rises little more, but real money balances continue to fall significantly.
In summary, a fall in the money supply and a rise in taxes lead to decreased output, income, consumption, and investment, as well as higher interest rates, price levels, and smaller real money balances in both the short and long run. Because changes take time, the long-term consequences are more severe.
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On February 28, Pitt packaged goods and had them ready for shipping to a customer FOB destination. The invoice price was $350 plus $25 for freight; the cost of the items was $280. The receiving report indicates that the goods were received by the customer on March 2
Answer:
Based on the information given, we can infer that the terms of the sale were FOB (Free on Board) destination. This means that the seller (Pitt) is responsible for the goods until they reach their destination (the customer's location).Since the customer received the goods on March 2, this means that the goods were in transit for at least a day. This could have been due to shipping delays, distance between the seller and the customer, or other factors.The invoice price of the goods was $350, which included $25 for freight. This means that the actual cost of the goods themselves was $350 - $25 = $325.The cost of the items to Pitt was $280. This means that the profit on the sale was $325 - $280 = $45.It's important to note that there may have been other costs associated with the sale, such as packaging materials or labor costs, that are not mentioned in the given information.
Deep discount bonds reflect questionable quality. True False
Answer:
I think "False" but I'm not sure.
Explanation:
I'm sorry if it's wrong.
You recently became the server administrator for a company. As soon as you walked in the door, users were telling you the network is running slowly quite often, but they couldn't tell you when it happened or how much it slowed down. What tests and measurements could you use to try to determine what's going on?
Answer:
As a server administrator, there are several tests and measurements that you can use to determine the cause of slow network performance. Here are a few:
1. Network Monitoring: Use a network monitoring tool to track network usage, bandwidth, and traffic patterns. This can help identify which devices or applications are consuming the most bandwidth and causing network congestion.
2. Ping and Traceroute: Use ping and traceroute commands to check the network connectivity and identify any network latency or packet loss issues.
3. Bandwidth Testing: Use bandwidth testing tools to measure the network's upload and download speeds. This can help identify if the network is experiencing slow speeds due to limited bandwidth.
4. Protocol Analysis: Use protocol analysis tools to analyze network traffic and identify any issues with network protocols, such as TCP/IP or DNS.
5. Server Performance Monitoring: Monitor server performance metrics, such as CPU usage, memory usage, and disk usage, to identify any issues with the server that could be causing slow network performance.
By using these tests and measurements, you can identify the root cause of slow network performance and take steps to address the issue.
You recently became the server administrator for a company. As soon as you walked in the door, users were telling you the network is running slowly quite often, but they couldn't tell you when it happened or how much it slowed down.
In addition to the mentioned tests, I would also conduct the following:
Traceroute - Run traceroute commands to trace the network path and identify any delays or bottlenecks in data transmission between nodes.
Bandwidth Analysis - Employ network traffic analysis tools to identify bandwidth-hogging applications or users, helping optimize resource allocation.
User Surveys- Collect feedback from users about their experience with the network, including perceived slowdowns, specific times of occurrence and the affected tasks.
By combining these tests and measurements, I can gather comprehensive data to pinpoint the cause of the slowdowns and allowing for targeted troubleshooting and optimization to improve the overall network performance.
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Treating the amounts of each material available as constraints, formulate a goal programming model to determine the optimal product mix. Assume that both P1 priority level goals are equally important to management. (Let x1 be the number of tons of fuel additive produced, x2 be the number of tons of solvent base produced, dpi be the deviation variable which exceeds the value of goal i, and dni be the deviation variable which is less than the value of goal i, for i = 1, 2.)
The goal programming model seeks to maximize the sum of the deviations from the two priority level goals.
What is goal programming model seeks?Goal programming is a type of mathematical optimization technique that is used to optimize a set of goals or objectives. It is especially useful in situations where multiple objectives are present, as it allows a decision maker to optimize the objectives while taking into account the interactions between them.
Goal Programming Model:
Maximize z = 0.5(dP1 + dP2)
Subject to:
x1 + x2 ≤ 100 (amount of material available)
x1 ≥ 10 (amount of fuel additive required)
x2 ≥ 10 (amount of solvent base required)
dP1 ≥ (x1 + 2x2) - 160 (priority level 1 goal; profit)
dP2 ≥ (x1-x2) - 20 (priority level 2 goal; quality)
dN1 ≤ 160 - (x1 + 2x2)
dN2 ≤ 20 - (x1-x2)
x1, x2, dP1, dP2, dN1, dN2 ≥ 0
The goal programming model seeks to maximize the sum of the deviations from the two priority level goals, while satisfying the constraints of the amount of material available.
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