Why do cells have different characteristics?

4 alleles there are 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 = 10 genotypes.

The genotype of an organism is its complete set of genetic material. Genotype can also be used to refer to the alleles or variants an individual carries in a particular gene or genetic location.

The number of alleles an individual can have in a specific gene depends on the number of copies of each chromosome found in that species, also referred to as ploidy. In diploid species like humans, two full sets of chromosomes are present, meaning each individual has two alleles for any given gene.

If both alleles are the same, the genotype is referred to as homozygous. If the alleles are different, the genotype is referred to as heterozygous.

Learn more about genotype to visit this link

https://brainly.com/question/12116830

#SPJ4

Drug efficacy in cell lines is tested in research called drug dose-response studies. To determine which medications should be tested on patients first, they are frequently employed in cancer research.

1. Reaction

Regarding side effects or drug effectiveness, it refers to how a drug affects a pathologic or physiological process.

2. Dose

It is the dosage of a prescription or medication that a doctor advises patients to take and when.

3. Threshold

When a harmful chemical surpasses the body's defences above a certain threshold, they occasionally only produce a response.

4. ED50

The amount of a medication that will have an effect on 50% of the population receiving it is known as the median effective dose response.

5. LD50

50 % Lethal Dose. It gauges a substance's toxicity. It will calculate the amount of medication needed to eliminate half the population.

To learn more about Dose-response Analysis, refer: https://brainly.com/question/22611996

#SPJ4

Examples of engineering risk control measures could be installing a physical safety guard between the moving parts of a machine and the operator, or it could be installing safety cut-offs to allow fast shutdown in the case of imminent accident or injury.

Discovering, evaluating, and prioritizing risks is part of risk management. This is done to reduce, monitor, and control the likelihood or impact of unfavorable events or to maximize the realization of possibilities (defined by ISO 31000 as the influence of uncertainty on objectives). Instability in international markets, threats from project failures (at any stage of design, development, production, or maintenance of life cycles), legal liabilities, credit risk, accidents, natural causes and disasters, deliberate attack from an adversary, events with ambiguous or unpredictable root causes are just a few examples of the many different kinds of risks that can happen.

The complete question is:

What is an example of a risk control method used in a workplace?

1. Elimination

2. Substitution

3. Engineering controls

4. Administrative controls

5. Persona

To learn more about risk management click on the given link: https://brainly.com/question/3153999

#SPJ4

The statement that is incorrect is that somatic mutations are numerous, occurring at a rate one per every million cell division. While somatic mutations do occur at a high rate, they are not as numerous as germ-line mutations and occur at a rate much lower than one per million cell divisions.

Gene mutations are changes in the sequence of DNA that affect a single gene and can be either germ-line or somatic mutations. Chromosome mutations involve changes in the number or structure of chromosomes, and can also be either germ-line or somatic mutations.

Mutations are a major source of genetic variation in a population and can be used to study biological processes. For example, mutations in genes can help us to understand how genetic variation affects the phenotype of an organism. Mutations can also be used to create model organisms, such as those used in cancer research.

Learn more about Mutations at :https://brainly.com/question/17130462

#SPJ4

The main characteristic of viruses that distinguishes them from cells is that the viruses are alive only when they come in contact with the living body.

The earliest evidence for the occurrence of viruses was the discovery of an infectious agent in the sap of a tobacco plant. Experiments were set with different filters from which bacteria could pass but viruses being even smaller than bacteria could not pass.

Viruses were difficult to study because they are very small and couldn't be seen even under a microscope.Wendell Stanley made his studies on the tobacco mosaic virus (TMV).

Therefore, The main characteristic of viruses that distinguishes them from cells is that the viruses are alive only when they come in contact with the living body.

Learn more about Caspids protein on:

https://brainly.com/question/30038152

#SPJ4

Answer:

With biochemical evidence, we know that all living things use the same basic molecules and processes to sustain life. These molecules and processes include DNA, RNA, proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and a variety of enzymes and metabolic pathways that allow cells to grow, reproduce, and respond to their environment. These common features of life are thought to have evolved over time through a process known as evolution, which has resulted in the diversity of life we see on Earth today.

Answer: the answer is c

Explanation:

Which of these is a benefit of naturally occurring forest fires?

Answer: C

Explanation: In northern Canada, a population of rabbits was predominantly white in color. The allele for white color is recessive, while the allele for gray color is dominant. Over the last several decades, the average annual temperature of this area has increased, and the long-term deposits of ice and snow have become scarce. We see the result of this change in the graph above.

How can we explain this change in terms of allelic frequency?

Responses

The light-dependent processes involving the Calvin cycle byproducts ADP and NADP+ replenish the reactants.

To manufacture carbohydrates from light, water, and carbon dioxide, the entire photosynthetic process depends on the coordinated operation of both the light-dependent and dark processes.

The energy-storing molecule ATP and the reduced electron carrier NADPH are produced by the light-dependent processes using light energy, which is then used to create the other two molecules required for the next phase of photosynthesis. In the thylakoid membranes of organelles referred to as chloroplasts in plants, light reactions take occur.

Glucose, NADP+, and water are the end products of the light independent process. NADPH, CO2, and ATP are the reactants.

For more information on photosynthesis kindly visit to

https://brainly.com/question/25477762

#SPJ4

Metamorphism takes place when a hot body of magma intrudes into the cold, upper part of the crust.

Metamorphism is a process that changes preexisting rocks into new forms because of increases in temperature, pressure, and chemically active fluids. Metamorphism may affect igneous, sedimentary, or other metamorphic rocks.

Metamorphic rocks form when rocks are subjected to high heat, high pressure, hot mineral-rich fluids or, more commonly, some combination of these factors.

Most metamorphic rocks occur in fold mountain belts or cratonic areas. Such rocks cover large areas of the Earth's crust and are therefore termed regional metamorphic rocks.

Learn more about metamorphism:

https://brainly.com/question/1366827

#SPJ2

Epigenetics is the study of how your behaviors and environment can cause changes that affect the way your genes work.

If mark had a stroke that damaged Broca's area in his left frontal lobe. his ability of Speech production would be most affected by this injury.

The functions associated with speech production are the primary focus of Broca's area, which is located in the left frontal lobe of the dominant hemisphere. Thus, whenever it is harmed, it influences discourse creation.

Changes in behavior and personality, self-control, and decision-making are all influenced by the frontal lobe.

The primary function of Wernicke's area, which is located in the temporal lobe, is language comprehension.

Know more about left frontal lobe here: https://brainly.com/question/15052297

#SPJ4

20. A woman has type O blood and her husband has type AB blood. Is it possible for them to have children with the same blood type as their parents? Each biological parent donates one of their two ABO alleles to their child. A mother who is blood type O can only pass an O allele to her son or daughter.

21. Can a man with type B blood and a woman with type A blood have a child with type O blood? One parent with A and another with B can produce a child with A, B, AB or O blood types. If one parent has A and another has AB, they can either produce a child with A, B or AB blood types. If one parent has A and another has O, they can either produce a child with A or O blood types. For example my father has an A blood type and my mother has an O blood type. My blood type is O+.

22. Cross a man that is heterozygous type A and a woman that is homozygous type B. What percentage of their children will be type AB? There is no chance of a child with Type O. If one parent is AB, there is no chance any child can be O because the AB parent doesn't have a "i" to pass on.

23. Which of the following genotypes results in the same phenotype?

a. IAIA and IAIi c. ii and IBi

b. IAIB and IAIA d. IAIB and IAIA

Anwser: IAIA and IAil

I hope this helped you and sending you wonderful Christmas whishes!

Answer:  Vivariums are enclosed spaces designed to provide a stable environment for animals and plants to be observed or studied.

Sanitizing surfaces using chemicals destroys germs. It is not designed to eliminate viruses. Yes, the EPA does register sanitizing goods. Disinfecting surfaces using chemicals destroys viruses and germs.

Alcohol, a surface disinfectant, is the major active element in hand sanitizers. As a result, the term "hand sanitizer" is a bit misleading because it is actually a disinfectant.

Sanitisers are compounds that may kill germs such as bacteria that cause food poisoning and other ailments. When applied correctly, they can decrease bacterial surface contamination to an acceptable level.

Depending on the dose, household bleach (chlorine as sodium hypochlorite) is active against most germs, including bacterial spores, and can be used as a disinfectant or sanitizer.

Learn more about to  Sanitizing  visit here;

https://brainly.com/question/4296165

#SPJ4

Answer:

The statement that describes the relationship between the reactants of photosynthesis and the products of cellular respiration is as follows: The products of cellular respiration serve as the reactants of photosynthesis (option B).

Photosynthesis is the process whereby green plants synthesize their own food (sugar) in the presence of sunlight.

During photosynthesis, plants take in carbon dioxide and water from the air and soil respectively. Glucose sugar is produced in the chloroplast of the cell.

Cellular respiration is the process by which cells obtain chemical energy by the consumption of oxygen and the release of carbon dioxide.

Based on the above explanation, it can be said that photosynthesis combines water and carbondioxide as reactants to form glucose and oxygen as products.

On the other hand, cellular respiration combines glucose and oxygen as reactants to form carbondioxide and water as products.

Therefore, cellular respiration and photosynthesis are opposite of one another.

The options to the incomplete question are as follows:

A. The products of cellular respiration are the products of photosynthesis.

B. The products of cellular respiration serve as the reactants of photosynthesis.

C. The reactants of cellular respiration are the reactants of photosynthesis.

D. Cellular respiration and photosynthesis are unrelated

Learn more about photosynthesis and respiration at: https://brainly.com/question/1388366

#SPJ1

The blood type that has antibodies for both B and Rh antigens is the O negative blood type. This type of blood is considered the universal donor, meaning it can be safely transfused to any other blood type without fear of the recipient's body rejecting the donated blood.

The O negative blood type is extremely rare, making up only about 7% of the population. It is the only type of blood that has no antigens present, meaning that it is the only type of blood that does not contain either the A, B, or Rh antigens. This makes it ideal for transfusions as it is not compatible with any other blood type.

The B antigen is the most common blood antigen, and the Rh antigen is the second most common. Both of these antigens can cause a reaction when transfused to someone with a different blood type. Due to the lack of these antigens in O negative blood, it can safely be given to someone of any other blood group without fear of a reaction.

Learn more about blood group at : https://brainly.com/question/17052766

#SPJ4

The foramen ovale is the part of the adult heart that corresponds to the fetal heart's opening between its two atria.

In contrast to adult pig hearts, the foramen ovale is not present in fetal pig hearts. Between the right and left auricle, there is a little gap that allows blood to flow freely.

The foramen shuts immediately after birth as a result of rising pressure in the heart chambers, including the cessation of placental flow, which raises right atrial pressure, and the aeration and ventilation of the lungs, which raises venous return from the lungs and raises left atrial pressures.

During fetal development, blood can flow from the right atrium to the left atrium through a hole in the heart tissue called the foramen ovale.

To know more about fetal heart's

https://brainly.com/question/18505100

#SPJ4

Claire's symptoms include an increased appetite, less energy, and continuing to eat without an obvious weight gain. Claire's mood is currently positive, despite the fact that she has recently been more anxious than thrilled about her career. Claire always liked reading, but she claims that her eyesight has worsened to the point that she can no longer do so.

The body stores and consumes energy through metabolism. Homeostasis is needed for metabolism to work, and metabolism helps preserve homeostasis. Stress, activity, and employment may disturb Claire's metabolism and symptoms. Thus, it can be stated that there was a homeostatic imbalance that affected her metabolism.

The following are Claire's complete background symptoms that the student needs to analyze:

Learn more about Claire’s symptoms here: brainly.com/question/28685931

#SPJ4

It looks like you have provided a concept map with a list of terms related to gene expression.

Gene expression refers to the process by which the information encoded in a gene is used to produce a functional product, such as a protein.

In prokaryotes (bacteria), transcription is the process by which the information in a gene is copied into RNA. This is carried out by an enzyme called RNA polymerase. The template strand of the DNA, which carries the information for the gene, is used as a template to synthesize a complementary RNA molecule. The resulting RNA molecule is called messenger RNA (mRNA).

In eukaryotes (organisms with a true nucleus, such as plants and animals), transcription is a more complex process. The DNA is first transcribed into a primary transcript called pre-mRNA. The pre-mRNA then undergoes a series of processing steps, including splicing, to remove non-coding segments called introns. The resulting mature mRNA is then ready to be used in protein synthesis.

Transcription is regulated at various levels, including at the level of transcription initiation, elongation, and termination. Transcription factors, which are proteins that bind to specific DNA sequences, play a key role in regulating transcription.

Learn  more about gene expression, here:

https://brainly.com/question/15159232

#SPJ4

Answer: we dont have the diagram buddy -_-

Explanation:

(option B) reference book about weather would be a good source to find weather information about your town from last month.

Weather refers to the state of the atmosphere and includes terms like how hot or cold, wet or dry, quiet or stormy, clear or foggy, etc.

Information is a general term for everything with the capacity to inform. Information is most fundamentally concerned with the interpretation of what may be sensed. which can also be the condition of the atmosphere, including its temperature, pressure, wind, humidity, precipitation, and cloud cover, is referred to as the weather. It is distinct from climate, which is the average of all weather events for a certain place over around 30 years.

learn more about weather here

brainly.com/question/17922964

#SPJ1

Some researchers have proposed a neurodevelopmental origin for schizophrenia based on anatomical studies that suggest abnormal brain development and premorbid functional deficits.

To know more about schizophrenia

https://brainly.com/question/28268362

#SPJ4

As the name suggests, cartilage, a robust but relatively flexible kind of connective tissue, connects the neighbouring bones at a cartilaginous joint.

A synchondrosis, which means "connected by cartilage," is a cartilaginous junction where bone and hyaline cartilage are bonded or fused together. Both permanent and transitory synchondroses are possible. The epiphyseal plate (growth plate) of a developing long bone is a transient synchondrosis. The area of developing hyaline cartilage that connects the diaphysis (shaft) of a long bone to the epiphysis is known as the epiphyseal plate (end of the bone). The epiphyseal plate cartilage expands and is replaced by bone during bone lengthening, increasing the diaphysis (see section 6.4). During the formative years of childhood, the rates of cartilage growth and bone formation are equal and thus the epiphyseal plate does not change in overall thickness as the bone lengthens.

Learn more about cartilage here

https://brainly.com/question/15455830

#SPJ4

Option B is the right answer. Muscle fiber contraction occurs via the generation and transmission of: Action potential.

The phrase "excitation-contraction coupling" (ECC), first used by Alexander Sandow in 1952, refers to the quick exchange of electrical information between electrical events happening in the plasma membrane of skeletal muscle fibres and Ca2+ release from the SR, which causes contraction. When a muscle fibre or set of fibres receives a signal from the brain via nerves to activate and increase tension inside the muscle, muscular contraction takes place. Activation of muscle fibres is another name for it. Three distinct muscle types make up your body, and there are three ways in which they might contract. The neuromuscular junction, which is the synapse between a motoneuron and a muscle fibre, is where skeletal muscle contraction starts.

Know more about the excitation-contraction coupling at: https://brainly.com/question/28139662

#SPJ4

photophosphorylation during photosynthesis differs from oxidative phosphorylation during cellular respiration in that c. Instead of organic compounds, sunlight generates energy.

Photophosphorylation is the use of light energy from photosynthesis to ultimately provide the energy to convert ADP to ATP. Photophosphorylation takes place in chloroplast during light reaction whereas oxidative phosphorylation takes place in mitochondria during respiration.

All green cells on illumination accomplish photophosphorylation whereas all living cells perform oxidative phosphorylation. In photophosphorylation, energy stored in ATP is obtained by sun, whereas in oxidative phosphorylation, energy stored in ATP is obtained by oxidation of organic compounds. Splitting of water occurs in photophosphorylation whereas synthesis of metabolic water occurs in this process. Photophosphorylation produces reduced coenzymes, whereas oxidative phosphorylation oxidises reduced coenzymes.

Know more about respiration here: https://brainly.com/question/18024346

#SPJ4

(Complete question)

photophosphorylation during photosynthesis differs from oxidative phosphorylation during cellular respiration in that

a. energy is stored in the form of a proton (H+) concentration difference.

b. it involves an electron transport chain.

c. the energy is provided by sunlight not by organic compounds.

d. generation of ATP is driven by a flow of protons (H+) through ATP synthase.

A point mutation occurs when a single nitrogenous base is substituted, deleted, or inserted in a single base pair of DNA. Sickle cell anaemia is an example of a point mutation.

A point mutation is a genetic mutation that occurs when a single nucleotide base in an organism's genome is changed, inserted, or deleted. Point mutations have a variety of effects on the downstream protein product, with moderately predictable consequences based on the specifics of the mutation. In terms of protein production, composition, and function, these consequences can range from having no effect (e.g., synonymous mutations) to having a negative effect (e.g., frameshift mutations).

Transitions occur when a purine base is replaced with another purine or a pyrimidine is replaced with another pyrimidine. Transversions occur when a purine is replaced by a pyrimidine or vice versa. Missense mutations result in the production of a different amino acid. A missense mutation, also known as a non-synonymous change, alters a codon to produce a different protein.

The term point mutation is sometimes used to describe insertions or deletions of a single base pair (which has a greater negative effect on the synthesised protein because the nucleotides are still read in triplets, but in different frames: a mutation known as a frameshift mutation).

To learn more about point mutations and its types, here

https://brainly.com/question/13923224

#SPJ4

DNA is the genetic material found in all living organisms. It is composed of four nucleotides: adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G) and thymine (T). These nucleotides are the building blocks of DNA and provide the genetic code that determines the structure and function of an organism.

A nucleotide is composed of three parts: a five-carbon sugar molecule, a nitrogenous base, and a phosphate group. The five-carbon sugar molecule is the same for each nucleotide, but the nitrogenous base is different for each nucleotide. For example, adenine has a nitrogenous base of adenine, cytosine has a nitrogenous base of cytosine, and so on. The nitrogenous base is the part of the nucleotide that is used to determine one nucleotide from another.

The nitrogenous bases are classified into two groups: purines and pyrimidines. Purines are larger molecules with two nitrogenous bases, adenine and guanine, while pyrimidines contain one nitrogenous base, cytosine and thymine. Each nucleotide is unique because of the specific nitrogenous base that it contains. For example, adenine is only found with thymine, and guanine is only found with cytosine. This is known as complementary base pairing and is essential for DNA replication.

Learn more about nucleotide at : https://brainly.com/question/16308848

#SPJ4

 The two procedures are transcription and translation. Transcription is the process through which the genetic information of DNA is transformed into mRNA in the nucleus. These three processes—initiation, elongation, and termination—combine to form this process.

Proteins are composed of long chains of amino acids that fold into recognizable three-dimensional structures.

The bonds that help secure the structure of proteins' final folded forms within the protein molecules make them well-suited for their functions.

The first step in the synthesis of proteins is transcription. The transcription process converts DNA into messenger RNA, or mRNA.

learn more about Proteins refer

brainly.com/question/10058019

#SPJ4

Answer: Carbon fixation or just fixation might be listed on the answer log depending on who generated the test.

Good Luck!