classical conditioning and operant conditioning pair of therapies both aim to produce a consistent, adaptive response in a patient when he or she is presented with a fearful stimulus.
What three factors make up classical conditioning?Classical conditioning's guiding concepts are:
- Acquisition: The initial phase in which a conditioned response develops as a result of repeated exposure to a stimuli.
- Extinction: The disappearance of the conditioned reaction. The conditioned response can spontaneously recover when it vanishes and then reappears.
The four varieties of operant conditioning are what?There are basically four quadrants in operant conditioning theory: positive reinforcement, positive punishment, negative reinforcement, and negative punishment.
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seventy-five-year-old josef feels as though he has not really mattered as his life nears its end. erikson would say that josef is experiencing a sense of:
Erikson would say that Josef is experiencing a sense of Despair.
From the mid-60s to the end of life or death humans are in period of development also known as late adulthood. The social task of late adulthood is integrity v. despair.
According to him, when people reach their late years of maturity and reflect on their lives, they either feel successful or unsuccessful. People with a strong sense of self-worth and integrity are able to look back on their lives with few regrets. However, those who don't succeed at this point could feel as though their lives have been in vain. They place a lot of emphasis on what "would have," "should have," and "could have." They could experience sentiments of resentment, melancholy, and hopelessness as they approach death.
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a law enforcement philosophy that focuses on addressing the problems underlying incidents of juvenile delinquency rather than the incidents themselves is called .
Shaw and McKay (1942) used crime mapping to link incidences of juvenile misbehaviour to certain Chicago neighbourhoods rather than the incidents.
What does crime mapping research entail?
Law enforcement agencies can examine and combine data sources using computerised crime mapping technology to create a comprehensive overview of crime episodes and related elements in a neighbourhood or other geographic area.
What exactly is a juvenile offender?
"Juveniles" are those who are under the age of 18, and when someone under the age of 18 does an act that would be considered criminal if committed by an adult, it is referred to as juvenile delinquency.
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what system held prisoners in isolation at night and made them work with fellow prisoners in shops during the day?
Auburn System allowed prisoners to be segregated at night and to work in shops with fellow prisoners during the day.
What is Auburn system and its main purpose?Auburn System ( Also known as the New York System and Congregate System) is a method of punishment of 19th-century. It is a collective silence system that keeps inmates in solitary confinement (separate cells) under forced silence at night but allows them to eat and work together during the day. The purpose of this system designed to prevent one prisoner from being corrupted by another. The goal was to completely isolate each prisoner and force them to work for the benefit of the prison. It cannot be maintained without physical abuse.Why was the Auburn system created?The Auburn System was created at Auburn State Prison and Sing Sing Correctional Facility in New York. Reformers believed prisons could serve as a model for family and education, so they called for a system aimed at rehabilitation rather than harsh and punitive.
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What do you believe makes you a strong candidate for admissions to the university of california?.
For admission, you must have demonstrated excellence in one or more subject areas or in one or more special initiatives.
Explain about the University of California?UCLA is a part of the University of California (UC) system, which dates back to 1868 and the signing of the Organic Act by Governor Henry H. Haight, which established the first "full university" in California. The College of California in Oakland started classes the next year.
The grade point average (GPA) needed by UC to be admitted is determined in a certain way. In order to fulfil this criteria, candidates from California must achieve a minimum 3.0 GPA and non-residents must have a minimum 3.4 GPA in all A-G or college-preparatory courses.
Two of the most selective public universities are Berkeley and the University of California, Los Angeles. However, the fact that these are public schools doesn't seem to have much of an impact on their admission rate.
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After winning a second term a President, Franklin D. Roosevelt proposed a bill that would expand the membership of the Supreme Court. The law would allow one additional Justice to the Court for each Justice over the age of 70, with a maximum of six additional justices.
Many people criticized President Roosevelt's plan to "pack" the Supreme Court because
A) such a law would have given the President too much governmental power
B) a proposal such as this had never been made by a President and was bound to fail
C) there were few people under the age of 70 with enough legal experience to sit on the Court
D) the New Deal did not need such federal Judicial support in order to be successful
Many people criticized President Roosevelt's plan to "pack" the Supreme Court because the New Deal Plan did not need such federal Judicial support in order to be successful. Hence, option D is appropriate.
What is the New Deal Plan?
President Franklin D. Roosevelt launched a number of projects and programs known as the New Deal Plan in an effort to bring prosperity back to Americans during the Great Depression. After assuming office in 1933, Roosevelt moved swiftly to restore economic stability, create jobs for those in need, and deliver aid.
Relief, Reform, as well as Recovery, were together referred to as the "three "Rs" of the New Deal Plan because Roosevelt thought they might bring about economic stability in the country. The focus of reform efforts was on preventing the American public from ever experiencing another depression like the one that struck in the 1930s.
Hence, option D is correct.
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Landforms: Landforms and land masses ________the strength, speed, and direction of wind and ocean currents and affect precipitation
Precipitation is change the strength, speed, & direction of wind and ocean currents as well as by landforms and land masses.
What is Precipitation?Precipitation is any liquid or frozen water that compresses in the atmosphere & falls to the earth. Snow, sleet, and rain are only a few of its many forms. Precipitation is the process in which water droplets fall to the ground as a result of their heavy weight. The third stage of the water cycle is this one.
Precipitation is created when water vapour in clouds condenses into progressively larger droplets of water. When the drops are heavy enough, they eventually reach the Earth. The raindrops may freeze to produce ice if a cloud is colder, as it would be at higher elevations. Even if the water came from the ocean, precipitation has always been fresh water.
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The United States government has put a limit on the number and types of olives that can be imported. This limit is an example of an import _____.
tariff
barter
quota
license
The United States government has put a limit on the number and types of olives that can be imported. This limit is an example of an import quota.
Hence, option C is correct.
What do you mean by Import quota?
An import quota is a type of trade restriction that sets a physical limit on the amount of goods that can be imported into a country during a specific period of time. Quotas, like other trade restrictions, are usually used to benefit producers of goods in the economy.They are also known as Tariff rate quotas.Hence, the correct answer is C
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what is the difference between a direct acting neurotransmitter and an indirect acting neurotransmitter?
Ion channels are opened by direct acting neurotransmitters. Neurotransmitters that function indirectly do so via intracellular second-messenger molecules.
Which neurotransmitter has the most impact on learning and memory?Glutamate. Neurotransmitters are chemical messengers that aid nerve cell communication. Serotonin, dopamine, glutamate, and acetylcholine are among them. This is your nervous system's most prevalent excitatory neurotransmitter. It is your brain's most abundant neurotransmitter. It is essential for cognitive functions such as thinking, learning, and memory. Depending on the type of receptors present, some neurotransmitters, such as acetylcholine and dopamine, can produce both excitatory and inhibitory effects. Ionotropic receptors (Ligand-gated receptors) and metabotropic receptors (G-protein coupled receptors) are the two types of neurotransmitter receptors. Neurotransmitters regulate food, the sleep-wake cycle, and mood, among other things.
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A company that has operations in several countries is called a(n) ______.
dual partnership
multinational corporation
foreign venture
sole proprietorship
A company that has operations in several countries is called a multinational company.
Hence, option B is correct
What do you mean by Multinational companies?
A multinational corporation (MNC), also called a transnational corporation, i.e. a corporation registered and operating in more than one country simultaneously. The company is usually headquartered in one country and wholly or partly owned subsidiaries operate in other countries.There are four types of multinational corporations: decentralized multinational corporations, global centralized corporations, international corporations, and transnational corporations.Example includes : Coca-Cola, Unilever, and Pepsi.To know more about MNC from the given link
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why does everyone i love leave me
Why i neither the contitution nor the rule of the houe require the peaker of the houe to be choen from among the member of the houe or from the majority party
The Constitution of India requires the Speaker to be a member of the House. Usually, a member of the party in government is chosen as Speaker. After informal discussions with the leaders of other parties and groupings in the House, the ruling party nominates its candidate in a procedure that has developed over the years
The ultimate law of India is the Constitution. In addition to outlining essential rights, guiding principles, and responsibilities of individuals, the text lays forth the framework that demarcates the fundamental political code, structure, processes, powers, and duties of governmental institutions. The world's longest written national constitution is found there.
Since it was founded by a constituent assembly rather than by Parliament and was ratified by the people of its country with a declaration in its preamble, it confers constitutional supremacy rather than parliamentary supremacy. The constitution is unchallengeable by parliament.
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Select the correct answer.
Amendment IX of the US Constitution states: "The enumeration in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people."
What is the primary purpose of this amendment?
Group of answer choices
To explain the difference between enumerated and unenumerated rights
To ensure that rights not listed in the Constitution may also be protected
To guarantee that powers not described in the Constitution belong to the people
To justify limiting liberties that are not explicitly mentioned in the Bill of Rights
The primary purpose of Amendment lX is to ensure that rights not listed in the Constitution may also be protected. The correct option is b.
Why is amendment important in the constitution?Amendment of the Constitution can be understood as the formal change in the text of the written constitution of a nation or state.
The Amendment of the Constitution is necessary and it is required in order to modify and guide the constitution to reflect the reality of life. There are two types of Amendments and various methods for amending the constitution.
To reflect the reality and necessity of the day, the provision of constitutional amendment is necessary.
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A ________________ is a statewide election of delegates to a party's national convention, where the delegates will choose the party's presidential nominee.
a. primary election
b. party primary
c. presidential primary
d. delegate election
e. general election
We can see here that a presidential primary is a statewide election of delegates to a party's national convention, where the delegates will choose the party's presidential nominee. Option C. is the correct answer.
What is a presidential primary?A presidential primary is a type of primary election that is held to select delegates who will vote for a party's presidential candidate at the national convention. Unlike a general election, where voters choose between candidates from different parties, a presidential primary is a contest within a party to determine its nominee.
There are two main types of presidential primaries: closed and open. In a closed primary, only registered members of a party can vote for its delegates. In an open primary, any registered voter can choose which party's primary to participate in, regardless of their party affiliation. Some states also have semi-closed or semi-open primaries, where the rules vary depending on the party or the voter's registration status.
The number of delegates that each state sends to the national convention depends on the party's rules and formulas, which may take into account factors such as population, electoral votes, past voting patterns, and loyalty to the party. The delegates are usually bound by the results of the primary, meaning they have to vote for the candidate who won the most votes in their state or district. However, some delegates are unbound or unpledged, meaning they can vote for any candidate they prefer. These delegates are often party leaders, officials, or activists, and they may play a decisive role in a close or contested nomination.
The presidential primary system is not mandated by the Constitution or federal law, but rather by the parties themselves. The system has evolved over time, from a process dominated by party elites and conventions, to a more democratic and participatory process that gives more power and voice to the voters. However, the system also has some drawbacks and challenges, such as the lack of uniformity, the influence of early states, the low turnout, the high cost, and the potential for spoilers and brokered conventions.
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a round pizza displays _______ symmetry, whereas a slice of pizza displays _______ symmetry.
A spherical pizza shows radial symmetry, whereas a slice of pizza display bilateral symmetry.
Not like different animals, they lack real tissues and organs. some of them are radially symmetrical, however, maximum are asymmetrical. The shapes of their bodies are adapted for maximal efficiency of water drift via the critical hollow space, where the water deposits nutrients and then leaves thru a hole called the osculum.
Only sponges (phylum Porifera) have asymmetrical frame plans. some animals start existence with one type of frame symmetry but increase a one-of-a-kind type as adults, for instance, sea stars are labeled as bilaterally symmetrical despite the fact that their adult bureaucracy is radially symmetrical.
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Which of the following might encourage the media to limit their reporting of polling during a campaign season?
A) The static nature of public opinion
B) The bandwagon effect
C) Sampling error
D) Equality of opportunity
Answer:
B. The bandwagon effect is the answer.
Explanation:
Giovanni is having difficulty learning english. He keeps putting verbs at the end of sentences. For example, instead of saying "the dog ate the bone," he says, "the dog the bone ate. " giovanni is having trouble with.
Giovanni is having difficulty learning english. He keeps putting verbs at the end of sentences. For example, instead of saying "the dog ate the bone," he says, "the dog the bone ate. " giovanni is having trouble with syntax the correct answer is C.
Giovanni has problems having difficulty learning english with his syntax, the meaningful order of words. A verb is a word that indicates what is happening, so putting an action word at the end of a sentence is confusing.
The action verb in these clauses is "ate:"
"The dog ate the bone":
This is clearly saying "the dog ate the bone.""The dog the bone ate. "
This is confusing are they saying the bone ate the dog?your question is incomplete , but most probably your full question was
Giovanni is having difficulty learning english. He keeps putting verbs at the end of sentences. For example, instead of saying "the dog ate the bone," he says, "the dog the bone ate. " giovanni is having trouble with.
Options:
a. morphemes.
b. phonemes.
c. syntax.
d. overregularization.
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ellen has trouble controlling her impulses to eat, especially at night. once she starts, she cannot stop. often, she will eat an entire pizza or gallon of ice cream before bed. she does not try to compensate for this excess caloric consumption; as such, she is gaining weight. ellen probably suffers from:
If Ellen has trouble controlling her impulses to eat, especially at night she probably suffers from Binge eating disorder.
What is Binge Eating Disorder.
Binge eating disorder refers to the inability to control the large consumption of food over a short period of time. Usual this eating disorder starts as an urge to eat a large amount of food in a short period of time.
To binge is when you eat a large amount of food in a short amount of time and feel you can't control what or how much you are eating.
A person can know if they have binge eating disorder when they binge eat regularly, at least once a week for 3 months.
A person who has this disorder may be very upset by your binge eating.
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mastery motivation is fostered by . a. uncomplicated environments b. supervisory parents c. reserved parents d. engaging environments
Mastery motivation is closely related to children’s regulatory processes and is fostered by supervisory parents (option B)
What is Mastery Motivation?Mastery motivation is persistence in coping with difficult tasks or activities. Two preschoolers are trying to solve a difficult puzzle. A child makes a mistake but continues to try to solve the problem; the other child makes a mistake and quits. In early childhood, persistence in coping with difficult tasks is referred to as coping motivation and plays a key role in promoting learning and performance in mathematics (Turner and Johnson, 2003), especially in young children. Educators and families can promote children's motivation and perseverance in the face of difficult tasks.
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and are potential sources for communication errors, because knowledge, attitudes, and background act as filters. a. decoding; encoding b. encoding; noise c. encoding; channel d. decoding; noise e. decoding; channel
Decoding and encoding are potential sources for communication errors, because knowledge, attitudes, and background act as filters.
What do encoding and decoding in communication mean?Reading clues from others is known as decoding. It involves how you decipher a person's nonverbal communication to extract hidden emotions, knowledge, and personality traits. You can provide cues to other people by encoding.
Which of the subsequent prevents efficient communication?Communicating Effectively Obstacles. Filtering, selective perception, information overload, emotional disconnects, lack of familiarity with or credibility of the source, workplace rumours, gender differences, semantic variances, meaning discrepancies between sender and receiver, and biassed language are a few of these.
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sara, 3, seeing a little boy fall and hurt himself, gets a look of concern on her face. she is probably experiencing:
Sara, age 3, seeing a little boy fall and hurt himself, gets a look of concern on her face. She is probably experiencing empathy.
Both an emotional and a cognitive experience, empathy. The first to show are the emotional aspects of empathy. Babies immediately start to mimic the emotional moods and facial expressions of those around them.
As kids become older, the cognitive elements of empathy start to show up and complement the emotional blueprints they developed in the womb. By the preschool years, kids are more conscious of the fact that others have different bodies, emotions, and experiences. Their ability to engage in early "perspective taking," a precursor to being able to put themselves in another person's shoes and care about how that feels, is enabled by the development of what is known as a "theory of mind." Throughout early life, the line between oneself and others becomes increasingly clear.
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which perspective recognizes the state and its ruler's sovereign freedom, ignoring the role of leaders and nongovernmental organizations (ngo) that people form?
Realism disregards the leadership position and civic groups (NGO) that individuals create in favor of the sovereign freedom of the state but also its ruler.
What are freedom and sovereignty?The relationship between sovereignty and freedom is one of ambivalence and interdependence. Freedom cannot conceive of and realize itself without intertwining with sovereignty, nor can sovereignty express itself without assuming for itself a crystalline lattice of freedom.
Is freedom dependent on sovereignty?The manner in which freedom, equality, and justice are created and upheld in society depends on the precise definition of establishing national sovereignty. National sovereignty is thus the basis for liberty, equality, and justice. There are no constraints on freedom in our nation or culture.
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• "Indian National Congre alway claimed to be repreentative of all the egment of Indian ociety"; Keeping in view of thi tatement,
The All-India Muslim League acted as a counterforce because it claimed that the Indian Congress did not treat all Indians properly.
It belonged to a political party.It was a party with ties to Great Britain.For the rights of Indian Muslims, this group of people spoke up.Indian Muslims claimed that this was not the case, despite the Indian Congress's declaration that all people would be treated equally regardless of their place of worship.The All India Muslim League served as an opposition party that pushed for social changes for Muslims who felt socially disregarded since, according to these Indians, the Congress only valued and honored the rights of Hindus.The All India Muslim League, an opposition party, was established by India's Muslim aristocracy as a result.
The complete question is, "Indian National Congress always claimed to be representative of all the segments of Indian society”; Keeping in view of this statement, critically evaluate the emergence of All India Muslim League as a counterforce. Justify your answer with five valid points.
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In one sentence, summarize what this cartoon is saying about the effect of monopoly on the consumer.
In this pic we can clearly see a guy who is writing his wish list to Santa when he suddenly think about his last year wish list which was not clearly full filed So this time again he wrote his wishlist to Santa writing pls for your convince Santa to check his wishlist properly and when another guy saw his wishlist he thought he is sloppy without any competition he means he is hurrying without any competition
I it neceary to make all information public?what kind of information are not made public or do not fall under the right to information
Social Security numbers, financial transactions with certain banking institutions, and other personally identifiable financial information.
What does information mean?Any information denotes that the information may be in any format, may be either objective or subjective, and may include a variety of facts that aren't always connected to a person's private life 407 The phrase "relating to" is the most ambiguous aspect of the definition since it describes how one person is related to another.
What are facts and illustrations?Information is defined as data that has been understood, organized, structured, or presented in a way that makes sense or is valuable. Information gives data context. For instance, without the information that makes the dates important, a list of dates, or data, is worthless (dates of holiday).
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What order doe von Galen ay Berlin i giving concerning the treatment of
patient from mental aylum? What jutification doe the German government
have for thi practice?
On the orders of Berlin, patients from mental asylums who have been ill for a long time and may appear incurable, are being compulsorily removed.
What justification does the German government have for this practice?However, that the Reich Interior Ministry and the office of Dr. Conti, the leader of the Reich Doctors, are open about the fact that a significant number of mentally ill persons have been killed intentionally in Germany and will continue to be killed.In accordance with Section 139 of the Penal Code, "He who obtains reliable information concerning the intention to commit a crime against life and neglects to promptly notify the authorities or the person who is threatened...will be penalised."When they discovered that patients were going to be moved from Marienthal to be killed, I filed a formal complaint with the State Court in Münster and the Police President in Münster using a registered letter that stated: "According to information which I have received, in the course of this week a large number of patients from the Marienthal Provincial Asylum near Münster are to be transported to the Eichberg asylum as so-called 'unproductive nati'Learn more about the German government refer to :
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Select the correct answer. Which is an example of weak social behavior? a. Asking your friend to do you a favor from time to time b. Being both happy and a little upset when a friend performs better than you at a task c. Insisting on doing what you want to do whenever you're with your friends.
The insistence on doing what you want to do whenever you're among your friends is an illustration of poor social behavior.
What traits distinguish social behavior?Social behaviour can range from simple attraction between people to living in sophisticated communities that are marked by cooperation, altruism, and a large number of people assisting a relatively small number of people with reproduction.
What are examples of good and bad social behavior?Positive behaviours require a willingness to share not just the others' goal strivings but also their suffering, frustration, and sadness. Negative behaviours are self-centered and do not care about the pleasure or welfare of the other person (s).
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Social psychologists have proposed that aggression is caused by biological influences, frustration, and behavior.
a. True
b. False
Social psychologists have proposed that aggression is caused by biological influences, frustration, and behavior. True .
Social psychologists examine interpersonal and group dynamics and social challenges, such as prejudice, implicit bias, bullying, criminal hobby and substance abuse. They studies social interactions and the factors that affect them, which includes institution conduct, attitudes, public perceptions and management.
Social psychologists believe that human behavior is decided by way of both someone's traits and the social situation. they also consider that the social scenario is often a stronger affect on behavior than are a person's characteristics. Social psychology is essentially the look at of the social scenario.
The purpose of social psychology is to apprehend cognition and conduct as they obviously occur in a social context, however the very act of staring at people can have an impact on and regulate their conduct. because of this, many social psychology experiments make use of deception to conceal or distort certain elements of the examine.
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The case of brown v. Board of education is an example of a group seeking redress of grievances through.
One instance of a group seeking redress of complaints through legal action is the case of Brown v. Board of Education.
What is meant by education?Both imparting information to others and absorbing it from someone else are acts of education. Education also covers the institution of teaching as a whole as well as the information acquired via formal education or instruction.
What are the top five educational priorities?Critical abilities including decision-making, mental flexibility, problem-solving, and logical thinking are developed via education. People experience difficulties in both their personal and professional life. Their level of education and self-awareness determines their capacity to make logical and informed judgments in such circumstances.
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What is the general term for the cognitive processes by which people make sense of others and themselves?.
The phrase "social cognition" refers to the cognitive processes that allow individuals to understand both themselves and others.
In social studies, what does cognitive mean?According to the social-cognitive hypothesis, learning occurs mostly through observation of others. Several fundamental presumptions form the foundation of social cognitive theory. One is that through watching others, students can benefit. Just by seeing a model, students might pick up new skills and knowledge.
In a classroom, what does cognitive mean?The term "cognition" relates to mental processes like reasoning, recollection, education, and language use. When using an analytical perspective to learning, we concentrate on the comprehension of facts and ideas.
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States disagreed about representation, tariffs, slavery, and the strength of the central government. True or False
Answer:
This is true.
Explanation:
States did indeed argue about all of these, and the argument on slavery resulted in the Civil War.