Energy transfer between trophic levels is usually less than 20 percent efficient.
What is primarily responsible for limiting the number of trophic levels ?Trophic levels are the different levels of feeding in a food chain or web. There are typically no more than four trophic levels due to the fact that as levels increase, biomass and energy levels decrease. Higher-order consumers and decomposers compete for nutrients and energy.
A trophic level's food supply is typically only transferred to the following level by 10%. Very little usable energy is left after four trophic levels because the amount of available energy decreases as we ascend the tropics. The food chain therefore only has three to four tropical levels.
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In order to survive, an organism must have
the correct number of chromosomes. To maintain
a consistent number of chromosomes within a
species, which of the following must an
organism's germ cells do?
(A) undergo mitosis
(B) undergo meiosis
(C) become diploid cells
(D) produce genetically
identical offspring
Answer:
The answer is (B) undergo meiosis
Explanation:
They must undergo meiosis in order to maintain and consistent amount
what is the advantage to having a separate mouth and anus on opposite ends of the body
A type of fossil fuel, known as ________, consists of deposits of moist sand and clay containing bitumen, a thick and heavy form of petroleum that is rich in carbon and poor in hydrogen.
A type of fossil fuel,known as Tar stands.
what is fossil fuel?A fossil fuel is a hydrocarbon-containing material formed naturally in to the Earth's crust from to the remains of dead plants and animals and birds that is the extracted and burned as thr a fuel. The main fossil fuels are mainly coal, oil, and natural gas.
Tar sands are a combination of clay, sand, water and bitumen, which is a heavy hydrocarbon. Like the kerogen in oil shale, tar sands' bitumen can be upgraded to synthetic crude oil.
So answer is tar sands.
These include tar sands – deposits of moist sand and it is clay with 1-2 percent bitumen (thick and heavy are petroleum rich in the carbon and poor in the hydrogen). These are the removed by strip mining in the (see section below on coal)
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if the father is heterozygous for 6 fingers and the mother has 5 fingers, what is the probability of having these characteristics in their offspring?
Answer:
There is a 0% chance of their offspring having 6 fingers and 100% chance that their offspring will have 5 fingers.
Explanation:
Using a Punnett square, there is no phenotype for their offspring having 6 fingers.
This albino rabbit was born with
white fur. If this rabbit lives in a
snowy environment, what can
we say about this rabbit?
The white fur would DECREASE its fitness in this
environment.
The white fur would INCREASE its fitness in this
environment. This is the answer
The albino rabbit was born with white fur, if this rabbit lives in a snowy environment then the white fur would increase its fitness in this environment. Thus, the correct option is B.
What is camouflage?Camouflage is also called as cryptic coloration. It is a defense mechanism or tactic which the organisms use to disguise their appearance in the environment, usually to blend in with their surroundings so that they cannot be caught by the predators.
Fur present on the rabbit body helps them to camouflage, with their surroundings in the snowy environment, and these animals eat their own poop in order to get the water which they need to survive in this condition. Some rabbits hide in a form to avoid getting eaten by a predator.
In the winter, as the days grow shorter, less melanin is produced in the cells. This, in turn, means that a rabbit's new coat which is of white color will lack pigmentation. In the snowy environment, it is quite common for a rabbit's fur to turn completely white and hence increases the fitness in the environment.
Therefore, the correct option is B.
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Answer: The white fur would DECREASE its fitness in this
environment.
Explanation:
What do some scientists today believe causes more adaptations competition or environmental changes
Environmental changes cause more adaptations than the competition because it is only a type of environmental constraint.
What is an evolutionary adaptive feature?An evolutionary adaptive feature can be defined as any phenotypic characteristic that emerged by differential survival and reproduction of organisms under certain environmental conditions, which may be due to the process of competition since it represents a type of environmental factor shaping the evolution of species.
Therefore, with this data, we can see that evolutionary adaptive features are a result of different environmental constraints such as the competition between individuals of the same species.
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How are tumors formed on the molecular level?
Answer:
When a normal cell undergoes processes that cause mutational damage, genes involved in normal homeostatic mechanisms that regulate proliferation and cell death become activated or protected against cell death, known as oncogenes. Genes that would normally inhibit proliferation, known as tumor suppressor genes, become inactive.
Explanation:
Which of these represents all
the genes that are present in a
given population?
A. allele frequency
B. gene map
C. gene pool this is the answer
Answer:
The gene pool
Explanation:
Can someone do this please I don't understand
Osmosis is a biological process involving the movement of water molecules in cells from the region of higher water potential to the region of lower water potential with the involvement of selectively permeable membranes.
Usually, regions of higher water potentials in cells usually have lower concentrations of solutes while regions of lower water potentials have higher solute concentrations.
Thus, the image represents the movement of water from 10% glucose outside the cell to the inside of the cell with 50% glucose while the cell membrane acts as the selectively permeable interface.
Both endo and exocytosis represent the movement of materials with respect to the cell. While endocytosis involves the movement of materials into the cell, exocytosis does otherwise.
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How do enzymes speed up chemical reaction?
In the human body, enzymes function as catalysts to speed up reactions by helping to lower the activation energy needed to start a reaction.
Although some RNA molecules can also act as enzymes, proteins constitute the vast majority of enzymes.
The primary function of enzymes is to decrease the activation energy, or the energy required for a process to start. Enzymes bind to reactant molecules and hold them in place to enable the chemical bond-forming and bond-breaking processes.
The energy of the transition state, which products must pass through in order to become reactants, is reduced by enzymes.
Instead of using energy to move till they collide at random, they might group the reactants together to make it easier for them to interact. They could direct the process along a different pathway with lower activation energy.
By tying them to the active site, they might place the reactants correctly. As a result, the reactants can interact with less energy because they won't have to fight against intermolecular forces that would normally try to separate them.
Temperature, ionic circumstances, and environmental pH all have an impact on how quickly an enzyme.
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Enzymes speed up chemical reactions by providing a lower activation energy barrier for the reaction to occur.
Lower activation barrier means that less energy is required for the reaction to proceed, which in turn increases the rate at which the reaction occurs. Enzymes work by binding to the reactants of a reaction in a specific way, forming an enzyme-substrate complex. This binding causes a structural change in the enzyme or substrate, which reduces the activation energy needed for the reaction to occur.
The active site of the enzyme is where the chemical reaction takes place. This active site contains amino acid residues that help to stabilize the transition state of the reaction, which is the point at which the reactants are converted into products.
Enzymes can also increase the rate of reaction by increasing the concentration of the reactants at the active site of the enzyme, increasing the collision frequency of the reactants, and increasing the local pH, temperature, and pressure.
Enzymes are essential for many biochemical reactions that take place in our cells and are vital for life. Without enzymes, many metabolic processes would be too slow to sustain life and the rate of chemical reactions would be drastically reduced.
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ESPSs are caused by the movement of what ions?
a. Na+ out of the cell
b. Na+ into the cell
c. K+ into the cell
d. Na+ , K+ into the cell
ESPSs are caused by the movement of Na+ out of the cell
what is ion movement ?
Ion transporters and ion channels are responsible for ionic movements across neuronal membranes.
This difference in electrical potential is generated because the potassium ions flow down their concentration gradient and take their electrical charge (one positive charge per ion) with them as they go.
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The cell membrane is made of fats and proteins. Explain how two other organelles are involved in building and maintaining this membrane.
match the microbe with the most appropriate target for a drug to kill/inhibit it. each target is used only once.
Microbe Most appropriate target for a drug
Candida albicans ergosterol
Human immunodeficiency virus reverse transcription
Mycobacterium tuberculosis mycolic acid synthesis
Influenza virus neuraminidase
Staphylococcus aureus peptidoglycan synthesis
Nematodes helminthic neurons
Entamoeba histolytica heme detoxification.
Examples of microorganisms include microscopic fungi protozoa algae bacteria and archaea. Technically, microorganisms or microorganisms are microscopic organisms. The study of microorganisms is called microbiology. Microorganisms are bacteria fungi archaea or protists.
Different types of bacteria are called strains rather than seeds. strains are groups of bacterial microorganisms derived from the same organism that may be descended from another organism sharing similar traits adapted to environments and characterized by physiological or morphological alterations.
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There are several advantages that Mendel exploited in using garden peas as a system for studying inheritance. Indicate if the following are True or False.
1. Pea plants vary in several different visible characters or traits.
2. Pea plants have characters or traits that show blending are are not readily distinguishable.
3. Each of the garden pea's visible characters has many different discrete variants.
4. Each of the garden pea's visible characters has only two discrete variants.
5. Pea plants can be bred to generate offspring that possess only one variant of a trait.
6. Pea plants can generate offspring that possess a single variant of a trait.
7. Pea plants that differ with respect to a specific character or trait can be cross-fertilized.
1. True
2. False
3. False
4. True
5. True
6. True
7. True
"Pea plants differ in a number of distinct characteristics or qualities."
The statement is true.
The Pisum sativum flowering plant species' small, globular seed or seed pod is most frequently referred to as the pea.
There are several differences amongst pea plants. Pea plants have characteristics or qualities that mix together and are difficult to differentiate. The male and female reproductive systems of pea plants are located in distinct flowers.
Mendel researched the inheritance of peas' height, blossom colour, seed colour, and seed shape, among other seven other traits. For example, he initially developed pea lines with tall vs. low height as two alternative versions of a feature.
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Movement of the chromosomes during anaphase would be most affected by a drug that prevents:
a. polymerization of microfilaments.
b. depolymerization of microfilaments.
c. polymerization of microtubules.
d. depolymerization of microtubules.
e. none of the above
Movement of the chromosomes during anaphase would be most affected by a drug that prevents is (d.) depolymerization of microtubules.
Microtubules are essential components of the mitotic spindle, which is the structure responsible for the separation of chromosomes during anaphase. The contraction of microtubules is what drives this separation, and any interference in their depolymerization would disrupt this process. Thus, a drug that prevents the depolymerization of microtubules would have the most significant effect on the movement of chromosomes during anaphase.
The other drugs mentioned in the question (a. polymerization of microfilaments, b. depolymerization of microfilaments, c. polymerization of microtubules) would not have as much of an effect on the movement of chromosomes during anaphase because microfilaments are not as integral to the process as microtubules are.
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Place the following vessels in the order through which blood would pass, beginning with blood entering the systemic circuit after exiting the heart.
Capillaries, conducting arteries, large veins, distributing arteries, venus sinuses, resistance arteries, muscular venules, medium veins, arterioles, post-capillary venules
Heart → conducting artery → distributing artery → arteriole → capillary → venule→ medium vein → large vein → heart is the route of blood which is correct.
What sequence does blood travel through vessels?Blood moves from an area of high pressure to one of low pressure like all fluids do. Blood moves from arteries through capillaries and veins in the same direction as the gradient of decreasing pressure.
What is the sequence of blood vessels that blood travels through on its journey from the heart to the body and back?The left atrium receives the blood. The mitral valve allows it to fall through and into the left ventricle. After that, blood is pumped from the left ventricle into the aorta and across the aortic valve. The artery that supplies the rest of the body with blood via a network of blood vessels is called the aorta.
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Place the structures a drop of blood would pass through in the pulmonary circulation, starting with the right ventricle
A drop of blood should travel through the right atrium, right ventricle, lung, venae cavae, left atrium, left ventricle, aortic, artery, capillary, venules, veins, and vena cavae in the proper order.
How would you define blood?Solids and liquids make up your blood. Moisture, salts, and protein make up the plasma, which is the liquid component. Your blood contains more than 50% plasma. RBC, WBC, & platelets make up your blood's solid portion. Your organs and tissues receive oxygen from the lungs through red blood cells (RBC).
Why is red in our blood?Hemoglobin, or HEE-muh-glow-bin, is an oxygen-carrying protein that is found in red blood cells. Hemoglobin absorbs oxygen in the lungs, giving blood its vivid red colour.
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How are health problems in humans caused by humans thinning ozone layer?
Answer:
The ozone layer is a region of the Earth's atmosphere that contains a high concentration of ozone, a type of oxygen molecule (O3). The ozone layer acts as a protective shield, absorbing harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun and preventing it from reaching the Earth's surface.
Thinning of the ozone layer can occur due to the release of certain chemicals, such as chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), into the atmosphere. CFCs are found in products such as refrigerants, aerosol sprays, and foam insulation, and they have been widely used in the past. When CFCs are released into the atmosphere, they can reach the ozone layer and break down the ozone molecules, leading to thinning of the ozone layer.
The thinning of the ozone layer can have serious consequences for human health, as it allows more UV radiation to reach the Earth's surface. Exposure to UV radiation has been linked to an increased risk of skin cancer, eye damage, and other health problems in humans. It can also have negative impacts on plants and animals, as well as on ecosystems.
Therefore, human activities that contribute to the thinning of the ozone layer, such as the release of CFCs into the atmosphere, can have negative impacts on human health and well-being.
The partial pressure of CO2 in the pulmonary circulation is determined to be 46 mm Hg. In order to expire CO2, the partial pressure of CO2 in the alveoli of the lungs, the site of gas exchange, should meet which of the following criterion?
A) Be = 46 mm Hg
B) Be > 46 mm Hg
C) Be < 46 mm Hg
Option C - Be < 46 mm Hg , Partial pressure of carbon dioxide in alveoli, or PaCO2 (in normal physiological conditions around 40 to 45 mmHg). Respiratory quotient, abbreviated RQ.
What is the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in alveoli ?Partial pressure of carbon dioxide in alveoli, or PaCO2 (in normal physiological conditions around 40 to 45 mmHg). Respiratory quotient, abbreviated RQ. Depending on the kind of food and metabolic condition, the RQ's value can change.The formula PAO2=(PBPH2O)FiO2(PaCO2R)where PB is the barometric pressure, PH2O is the water vapour pressure (typically 47mmHg), FiO2 is the fractional concentration of inspired oxygen, and R is the gas exchange ratio is used to approximation the partial pressure of oxygen in the alveolus (PAO2).At alveoli, the location of diffusion, oxygen partial pressures (pO2) are 104 and carbon dioxide partial pressures (pCO2) are 40 (both in mm Hg).Learn more about partial pressure of carbon dioxide refer to :
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A glacier, a slow-moving mass of ice, has gradually weathered and eroded rock away in a mountain valley. The landscape of rock has greatly changed. Which
sphere was affected in the transformation?
The transition had an effect on the geosphere.
What is the name of the ice mass moving slowly?A glacier is a slow-moving mass of ice or an ice river. Based on where they occur, glaciers are divided into two categories: valley glaciers and continental glaciers. A glacier is a slow-moving mass of ice or "a river of ice." Based on where they occur, glaciers are roughly divided into two categories: valley glaciers and continental glaciers.
What are the names of moving glaciers?The movement of glaciers, which resemble rivers of ice, is known as glacial motion. It has been crucial in the shaping of numerous landscapes. The majority of lakes on earth are located in glacier-carved basins.
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What steps might be taken to minimize atrophy of skeletal muscles in patients confined to bed for prolonged times?
Answer:
Bridges, short-arc quads, straight leg raises, heel slides, glute sets, quad sets, hip abduction sets, and bed mobility exercises are a few other bed exercises. These muscle-building exercises may halt atrophy or even accelerate it.
Explanation:
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According to your textbook and many other sources of information, the shortest phase of
mitosis is anaphase. Prophase takes 30 to 60 minutes; metaphase, 2 to 10 minutes;
anaphase 2 to 3 minutes; telophase 3 to 12 minutes.
In the mitosis lab that you have just completed, the shortest phase was telophase and/or
metaphase. Please discuss these results. Why do you think our results do not align with
your textbook or other sources of information? Why does not anaphase come out as the
shortest mitotic phase in our experiment?
The shortest phase in mitosis is anaphase, but if it is not come out as the shortest in the experiment means sister chromatids have not separated properly and it can cause aneuploidy.
What is Mitosis?Chromosomes that have been duplicated are divided into two new nuclei during the cell cycle phase known as mitosis. Mitosis, the process of cell division, creates genetically identical cells with a constant number of chromosomes. Thus, also called equational division.
What is Aneuploidy?The number of chromosomes that differs from the average or typical number for that species as a result of chromosomal variation caused by a loss or gain of one or more chromosomes.
Hence, if anaphase is not come out as the shortest in the experiment means sister chromatids have not separated properly and it can cause aneuploidy.
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Magma comes from inside the volcano true or false
True magma does come from inside a volcano.
Answer: It is actually False, Magma comes from beneath the earth's surface.
Explanation: I have my ways ;>
the hpa axis is a body system that regulates various body processes and includes the hypothalamus, the pituitary gland, and the multiple choice question. amygdalae. adrenal glands. anterior cingulate. adenoids.
the hpa axis is a body system that regulates various body processes and includes the hypothalamus, the pituitary gland, and the Adrenal gland.
The HPA axis is the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. The HPA axis is often thought of as the body's stress system, which controls levels of cortisol and other stress hormones.
It plays an important role in the stress response of this system that regulates systems including digestive, sexual, mood and other vital systems.
therefore, the hpa axis is a body system that regulates various body processes and includes the hypothalamus, the pituitary gland, and the Adrenal gland.
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Imagine you want to place the bacteria in a way that allows one variation to outcompete the others for space and a higher proportion in the population. In the space below, draw the necessary placement of the four variations of bacteria for this to happen. Identify which variation would have the highest proportion in the population.
Binary fission, in which one bacterium splits into two, is the method used by bacteria to reproduce.
What you see a single bacterium doing that would cause the colony to increase in size over time?Binary fission, in which one bacterium splits into two, is the method used by bacteria to reproduce. As a result, bacteria multiply through a process known as geometric progression, in which their population doubles every generation. The amount of time it takes for a colony of bacteria to double in size is known as the generation time.On the grid of 100 x 100 grid cells that serves as the simulation environment, each bacterial cell is randomly distributed. Each bacterial cell grows in size by ingesting nutrients in its environment. Bacterial cells receive a lot of nutrients from each grid cell.In the simulation, each species of bacteria has four distinct variants, and each variety is present from birth.To learn more about bacteria refer,
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Which of these animals would you NOT find in the Amazon River in South America
Answer:
you didn’t list the animals
Explanation:
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Two fruit flies with normal wings are crossed. Among their offspring are 89 with normal wings and 33 with dumpy wings.
What are the genotypes of the parents?
Which trait is dominant? _____________________ Which trait is recessive?
Explain how you know.
Mendel knew that the parents' alleles segregated randomly when forming gametes and traits are passed independently of one another.
What is dihybrid cross?Dihybrid cross is a genetic cross for two traits ( like color and shape of the seed). The main purpose of the dihybrid cross that was performed by Mendel was to determine relationship between different pairs of alleles.
When he performed the dihybrid cross, he got the phenotypic ratio 9:3:3:1 corresponding to nine with round and yellow seeds, three with round and green seeds, three with wrinkled and yellow seeds, and one with wrinkled and green seeds.
Therefore, Mendel knew that the parents' alleles segregated randomly when forming gametes and traits are passed independently of one another.
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Which worm has the thinnest body, when measured dorsoventrally (back to belly)? The thickest?
Which worm has the shortest body, when measured anteroposteriorly {head to tail)? The longest?
Horsehair worm has the thinnest body, when measured dorsoventrally.
Chaetogaster annandalei has the shortest body, when measured anteroposteriorly, which measures less than 0.5 mm (0.02 in) in length.
What is Horsehair worm?
The horsehair worms are interesting threadlike roundworms that harmonize the "hair of a horse's tail." These long, Image of a horsehair worm active worms may be looked in streams and ponds during late summer but are more mostly noticed in domestic water vessels such as swimming pools, pet dishes, sinks, bathtubs, and toilets.
What is meaning of length?
Length is a unit of distance. In the International System of Quantities, length is an unit with volume distance. In most systems of dimension basis unit for length is selected, from which all other measures are derived.
Horsehair worm has the thinnest body, when measured dorsoventrally.
Chaetogaster annandalei has the shortest body, when measured anteroposteriorly, which measures less than 0.5 mm (0.02 in) in length.
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Which bacterial infection affects the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord and for
which college students living in dormitories are at a higher risk than other populations?
O meningitis
O influenza
tuberculosis
pneumonia
A inflammation (swelling) of a linings that protect the brain and spinal cord is known as meningitis.
What results in brain and spinal cord inflammation?Virus infection is frequently to blame for the irritation.Additionally, immune system issues and, less frequently, bacterial or fungi infections may be to blame.The inflammation may just impact a single region of the brain or multiple.
What kind of bacterium causes meningitis and sepsis?Meningococcal septicemia and meningococcemia is the term used by doctors to describe septicemia, a bloodstream infection brought on by Neisseria meningitidis.When a person gets meningococcal septicemia, the germs proliferate in the bloodstream and harm the blood vessel walls.The skin and internal organs bleed as a result of this.
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According to the textbook, the country with the highest debt-to-GDP (gross domestic product) ratio in the world, in terms of publicly held debt, is Italy Japan France. Greece. the United States