The order of genes that represents the steps of a gene cloning experiment are: reverse transcriptase, DNA polymerase, restriction enzyme, DNA ligase.
Reverse transcriptase is the enzyme used in the process called reverse transcription. It is the process where DNA is formed from RNA. Such a DNA is called the complementary DNA or c-DNA.
Restriction enzymes are the types of enzyme that cut the strands of DNA by breaking off their phosphodiester bond. This is the reason why the enzyme is also called the molecular scissors. The cut produced by these enzymes can be of two types: blunt cut or sticky ends.
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genes and genomes can be altered by several different mechanisms, including (multiple correct answers here), and even the infusion of fresh genetic material all contribute to genome evolution. Small mutations, duplications, deletions, rearrangements and even the infusion of fresh genetic material all contribute to genome evolution
Genes as well as genomes can be altered by various different mechanisms which include: small mutations, duplications, deletions, rearrangements, and also the infusion of fresh genetic material that contribute to genome evolution.
Even though the genetic element which is mobile in nature could block a gene regulatory sequence and facilitate an array of genetic variations. These genetic variations include small mutations or mutations within a single gene, gene duplications, gene deletions, rearrangements such as exon shuffling as well as additional structural and regulatory changes.
A mutation refers to a an alteration within the DNA sequence of an individual. The term 'genome' refers to the total genetic information that is contained within an organism.
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the following options are all reproductive barriers. which one is an example of a prezygotic barrier in which the two different species do mate?
Regular mating occurs between two species of dragonflies, however the gametes are incompatible. - Even though no zygote is produced, there is mating.
What does a prezygotic barrier look like?Members of several species are prevented from mating to create zygotes, which are single-celled embryos, by prezygotic barriers. Below are a few instances of scenarios: It's possible for two species to favor various habitats, making cross-species encounters unusual. Habitat isolation is the term for this.
Prezygotic reproductive barriers: what are they?Prezygotic barrier: a mechanism that prevents fertilization and thus prevents reproduction. A mechanism that prevents reproduction after fertilization and zygote development is the postzygotic barrier.
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How long will it take until we see nuclear fusion
commercially?
One of the most eco-friendly forms of energy is fusion. Fusion doesn't produce any CO2 or other damaging atmospheric emissions, hence it doesn't cause any greenhouse gas emissions or global warming.
What is the impact of nuclear fusion commercially?There is currently no commercially feasible fusion technology. Not today's energy source, but the one of the future. Society should continue to create more widely used green technologies in the interim.
Therefore, Nuclear physicists claim that obstacles still exist. Fusion power plants would need to be widely used before the American energy infrastructure could be significantly redesigned. Fusion power still costs too much to be economically viable.
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Which organic compound essential to cells is missing from the chart, and what function does it serve in cells?Organic Compound: carbohydrates lipids ATP nucleic acids amino acids ?
Function: provide short term energy of cells found in cell membranes immediate energy source for cells information system for cells building blocks of proteins ?
A.
proteins – from many structures within cells
B.
proteins – involved in energy production in living cells
C.
respiratory gases – involved in energy production in living cells
D.
respiratory gases – from many structures within cells
The organic compound that is essential to cells is missing from the chart and is known as the proteins which form many structures within cells. Thus, the correct option for this question is A.
What is the function of proteins?The function of proteins is understood by the fact that they are actively involved in the formation of many structures within the cells. They are also used for cell repair, tissue damage, etc.
According to the context of this question, carbohydrates provide short-term energy for cells while amino acids are the building blocks of proteins. Nucleic acids are known as information systems that carry out the mechanism of inheritance.
Therefore, the organic compound that is essential to cells is missing from the chart and is known as the proteins which form many structures within cells. Thus, the correct option for this question is A.
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The net flow of materials through the membrane of a cell against a concentration gradient is known as
The net flow of materials through the membrane of a cell against a concentration gradient is known as active transport.
What is active transport?
In the field of cellular biology, active transport refers to the process by which molecules or ions move across a cell membrane in the opposite direction of the concentration gradient, going from an area of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration. In order to accomplish this movement, active transport requires the use of cellular energy.
Ions of certain metals, such as Na+, K+, Mg2+, and Ca2+, are examples of the types of substances that can be moved across the cell membrane by primary active transport. In order for these charged particles to go through membranes and be distributed throughout the body, ion pumps or ion channels are required.
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What kind of problems can you foresee if every speck of carbon were turned into biomass? why?.
Life would end if every speck of carbon were turned into biomass.
It is because there wouldn't be enough carbon in the atmosphere for plants to carry out life processes. The carbon is substitute of all biomolecules. These biomolecules carries out all vital function.
Alternative energy sources to fossil fuels like coal, petroleum, and natural gas include biomass and the biofuels derived from it. Carbon dioxide (CO₂), a greenhouse gas, is released during the burning of either fossil fuels or biomass. However, the plants that provide the energy-producing biomass collect nearly as much CO₂ through photosynthesis as is produced when the biomass is burned, making biomass a carbon-neutral energy source.
Hence, carbon should be balanced between abiotic and biotic component
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Grasses were not killed off by
water
fire
insects
but small trees were killed.
Grasses were not killed off by fire but small trees were killed. The balance of nature is important as any disturbance in it can lead to loss of a species.
What is the balance of nature?Balance in nature is the interaction between the biotic and abiotic components of nature in equilibrium. Both the components are interdependent on each other. Therefore, if there is problem in anyone of the components an imbalance in the whole ecosystem will result. And, thus the removal of any one organism from the ecosystem may have severe consequences and disturbance in the ecosystem.
Sufficient amount of resources to all living organisms and their stability reflect the existence of ecological balance. Therefore, this balance in the nature is very important as it ensures survival, existence and stability of the environment. The survival of all the living organisms depends upon the ecological balance. Fire is an abiotic component which can destroy small trees in an ecosystem.
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Photosynthesis plays an important role in maintaining life in most ecosystems on Earth because it has an impact on how organisms obtain their energy. Write a claim that supports the idea that photosynthesis helps sustain life on Earth, and support that claim with at least one piece of evidence.
Photosynthesis and the living beings that are dependent on human beings are very much dependent on each other where they both have interlinked relationship. The support that responds to such claims are cellular respiration and the light reactions in the plants that are taking place in the living beings in the present of light.
What is the most common source of solar energy ?It is the sun that provides solar energy and heat that is required for the almost every living being present on Earth.
To convert solar energy into chemical energy that is stored in the living cells at that moment the conversion is possible because of the solar energy only.
Most of the life that is dependent on photosynthesis that is carried out by the photosynthesis via plants, animals and some types of bacteria which capture sunlight from sun some types of photosynthesis are dependent on the sun as well specially in the case of photosynthetic bacteria.
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the difference between prophase in meiosis and prophase in mitosis synapsis the number of chromatids per chromosome the number of homologues the number of chromatins
Synapsis, a mechanism where homologous chromosomes couple based on sequence similarity, accomplishes this.
In a chromosome body known as a tetrad (because it contains 4 replicated chromosomes known as chromatids) or bivalent, the homologous chromosomes are bound together by a protein structure known as the synaptonemal complex (if the organism is diploid). The homologous chromosomes can recombine thanks to this pairing during prophase 1 of meiosis. This happens early in prophase, although the recombination's manifestation is not obvious until late in prophase 1 and during metaphase 1. Leptotene, zygotene, pachytene, diplotene, and diakinesis are the five stages that prophase 1 of meiosis is separated into because the chromosomes adopt distinct shapes throughout this stage. While using diplotene.To know more about chromosomes
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A colorimeter is an instrument used for chemical analysis by comparing a liquid’s color with standard colors. In an experiment, a scientist used two colorimeters and noted the readings. The first colorimeter showed consistent readings that were five points lower than the actual reading. The second colorimeter provided readings that were the same as the actual reading. Which two statements are implications of these readings?
A The first colorimeter is reliable but not valid.
B The second colorimeter is valid and reliable.
C Both the colorimeters are reliable and valid.
D The readings of the first colorimeter can be used without repeating the experiment.
E The readings of the second colorimeter aren’t reliable and can’t be used for the experiment.
Since a colorimeter is an instrument used for chemical analysis by comparing a liquid’s color with standard colors, the two statements that are implications of these readings are options A and B:
The first colorimeter is reliable but not valid.The second colorimeter is valid and reliable.What is colorimeter used for?A colorimeter is a device that assesses the amount of light that can pass through a sample of pure solvent in comparison to that which can pass through a solution.
I will stand for or represents the portion of it that is absorbed. I will also stands for the remaining light that is transmitted. Despite being accurate, the first colorimeter is not precise. A -5 zero error appears to be present.
Therefore, in regards to the question, the close proximity of the readings allows us to draw a conclusion about its precision, but its lack of accuracy results from its deviation from the true value. Additionally, the variation consistently ranges between 5 and 10 points below the actual value, so the zero error may actually be a -5. Hence, Accuracy may be used to describe the second colorimeter.
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the tertiary structure of a protein is determined by its 1. interactions among r groups. 2. right-handed coil. 3. hydrogen bonding. 4. branching. 5. glycosidic linkages.
The correct option is 1. The tertiary structure of a protein is determined by its interactions among R groups.
Interactions among R groups: The R groups, or side chains, of the amino acids in a protein interact with each other and can form various types of chemical bonds, such as hydrogen bonds, ionic bonds, and hydrophobic interactions. These interactions help to stabilize the tertiary structure of the protein.
Tertiary structure refers to the three-dimensional structure of a complex molecule such as a protein. It is the most complex level of structure and is responsible for the molecule's shape, size, and function. It is also responsible for the molecule's ability to interact with other molecules, such as in enzyme-substrate interactions or DNA-protein interactions.
It is an important aspect of molecular biology and biochemistry and can be studied using a variety of techniques such as x-ray crystallography, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and cryo-electron microscopy.
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Question Answer
When a sperm cell and an ovum/egg merge, they undergo the process of fertilization, and give rise to a (gamete, zygote), which is (haploid, diploid). Gamete and Haploid
When a sperm cell and an ovum merge, they go through the technique of fertilization, and supply upward push to a (gamete, zygote), which is (haploid, diploid).
A hypothetical organism has 10 chromosomes for every of its frame cells. Cells beginning mitosis & meiosis start with a (haploid or diploid) set of chromosomes. Through the technique of fertilization, egg and sperm be a part of to make a cell with forty six chromosomes (23 pairs), referred to as a zygote. For every chromosome pair, one homologous chromosome got here from every parent. They have the equal genes organized withinside the equal order, however there are small versions withinside the DNA letters of these genes. When an egg and a sperm fuse, they integrate into a brand new cell referred to as a zygote. The zygote carries all of the genetic records it wishes to turn out to be a brand new individual. This new cell then divides over and over, ultimately forming a whole organism with the equal genes in every cell.
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4. This muscle helps to transport blood to and from the heart. (1 point)
smooth muscle
Ocardiac muscle
Oskeletal muscle
O involuntary muscle
Answer: cardiac muscle
Explanation:
Which of the following best describes the function of the coenzymes NAD+ and FAD in eukaryotic cellular respiration? They participate in hydrolysis reactions by accepting protons from water molecules. They accept electrons during oxidation reduction reactions. They participate directly in the phosphorylation of ADP to ATP. They serve as final electron acceptors in the electron transport chain.
They accept electrons during oxidation reduction reactions, best describes the function of the coenzymes NAD+ and FAD in eukaryotic bacteria cellular respiration.
Eukaryotic cells, which have a nucleus encircled by the nuclear membrane, are the building blocks of large and complex organisms. Protozoa, animals, plants, fungi, and plants all contain eukaryotic cells. They are classified as being part of the kingdom Eukaryota. They can withstand a variety of circumstances in a single cell, allowing them to carry out different metabolic functions. This allows them to expand many times more than prokaryotic cells. Eukaryotic cells have the following characteristics: In eukaryotic cells, the nuclear membrane encloses the nucleus, the cell's mitochondria. Flagella and cilia are the locomotory structures found in eukaryotic cells. Cell walls are the word for eukaryotic cells' outermost layer. Cells divide via the mitotic process. Eukaryotic cells contain the cytoskeleton. One linear piece of DNA located in the nucleus holds all of the genetic information. A plant cell is enclosed by a stiff structure called a cell wall. However, it is not found in animal cells.
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which of the following wastewater treatment plants designed to facilitate the decomposition oforganic material by aerobic microorganisms
Activated sludge tank is wastewater treatment plants designed to facilitate the decomposition of organic material by aerobic microorganisms.
Activated sludge process is a multi-chamber reactor unit that uses highly concentrated microorganisms to degrade organics and remove nutrients from wastewater, producing quality sewerage.
In general this process allow to Aerated the waste-water continuously for over a duration of month and were able to achieve a complete nitrification of the sample material. Assuming that the sludge is activated in a similar manner to activated carbon the process was named activated sludge.
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PLEASE ANSWER #5 ASAP !!!
a) Organelle A= Golgi apparatus.
b) Substance A= Matrix
c) Substance B= Ribosome
What is Golgi apparatus?
The Golgi apparatus, also called the Golgi complex or Golgi apparatus, is a membrane-bound organelle of eukaryotic cells (cells with well-defined nuclei) that consists of a series of flat-stacked sacs called cisternae. The Golgi apparatus is responsible for the transport, modification, and packaging of proteins and lipids into vesicles for delivery to specific destinations. It is located in the cytoplasm near the nucleus next to the endoplasmic reticulum. Many cell types contain only one or more Golgi apparatus, whereas plant cells may contain hundreds of Golgi apparatus.
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Based on the figure below, which of the following statements is/are a direct reflection of the data presented? Select all that apply.A. Increasing ivory prices always increases the amount of illegal killing of elephants.B. Natural mortality rate is higher than the illegal killing rate of elephants between 1998 and 2006.C. After 2008, increasing ivory prices are coincident with increases in illegal killing of elephants.D. In 2010 illegal killing rates surpassed natural mortality rates of elephants.
Based on the given figure, the statements given in options C and D are a direct reflection of the data presented regarding the illigal killing of elephants.
The Monitoring the Illegal Killing of Elephants (MIKE) program is an international collaboration that measures the trends, levels, and causes of elephant mortality, ultimately providing an information base to support international decision-making related to the conservation of elephants in Asia and Africa. The investigation of this program is shown in the given picture that as per the given options in the question reflect:
After 2008, increasing ivory prices coincide with increases in the illegal killing of elephants. In 2010 illegal killing rates surpassed the natural mortality rates of elephants.You can learn more about Illegal Killing of Elephants at:
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a large, organic molecule such as carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and
nucleic acids
????
A large, organic molecule such as carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids is a polymer made up of atoms such as carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. These are present in the cell.
What are the macromolecules?The macromolecules of the cell, such as the carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids, are made up of monomers, such as the nucleotides, which are monomers of the nucleic acid, and the amino acids, which are monomers of the proteins. The atoms that make up these macromolecules are carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, etc.
Hence, A large, organic molecule such as carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids is a polymer made up of atoms such as carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
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In which type of rock would you find a large amount of silica?
Responses
glass
metamorphic
igneous
sedimentary
Answer:
igneous
Explanation:
Igneous rock is the type of rock that contains a large amount of silica. Igneous rocks are formed when molten rock (magma or lava) cools and solidifies. Silica is a common component of magma, so igneous rocks are often rich in silica. Glass, which is also made from silica, is not a type of rock. Metamorphic and sedimentary rocks are formed through processes that do not involve the melting of rock, so they typically contain lower amounts of silica.
Answer: Igneous
Explanation:
igneous should be your answer because igneous is a type of silica rock
A
BIOLOGY
Q1. Celery is a plant that is harvested for food.
The celery stem is made from xylem tissue, phloem tissue and epidermal
tissue.
Is the celery stem an organ or an organism?
Choose the best answer to this question.
A. An organism because plants are living things
B. An organism because it is made of several different organs
C. An organ because it is made of several different tissues
D. An organ because it is made of the same type of cells
Celery is an organ because it is made of the same type of cells.
What is celery?
A piece of celery contains the plant's petiole, or stem, which humans consume. The type of cells found in celery tissue account for the stalk's crunchiness.Celery also has collenchyma tissue, which supports the plant, in addition to the vascular bundles of xylem (water-conducting) and phloem (food-conducting) tissues. The pressure of the water pressing against the cell walls gives collenchyma tissue, which is made up of elongated live cells packed with water, its rigidity, which gives celery its crunch.Plant stems, leaves, and flowers all contain collenchyma. The collenchyma tissue on a celery stem is found on the ribs along the exterior of the stalk and on the interior.Hence, celery is an organ
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In what processes is carbon a reactant or a product in the carbon cycle?
Carbon is a reactant in the process of photosynthesis but a product in the process of cellular respiration.
What is carbon cycle?Carbon cycle is the physical cycle of carbon through the Earth’s biosphere, geosphere, hydrosphere and atmosphere.
It is the series of processes by which carbon compounds are interconverted in the environment, that includes such processes as
photosynthesisdecompositionrespirationcarbonificationCarbon cycle involves the incorporation of carbon dioxide into living tissue by photosynthesis and its return to the atmosphere through respiration, the decay of dead organisms, and the burning of fossil fuels.
Therefore, carbon is present in the atmosphere as a reactant during photosynthesis and as a product during cellular respiration.
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A negative correlation coefficient means
Increasing one variable diminishes the other in a negative correlation. Correlation coefficients are +1 to -1. Negative correlations are below zero.
What is a negative correlation coefficient?
The strength of a linear link between two variables can be statistically measured using a statistic called the correlation coefficient.
A relationship between two variables is said to have a negative correlation when the value of one variable increases while the value of the second variable falls as the value of the first variable increases.
The value that is obtained by expressing correlation on a scale ranging from +1 to -1 is referred to as the correlation coefficent. A negative correlation is expressed by values that are less than zero.
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Can someone give me the answers to 2 5 and 6? PLEASE
2-7 levels of the food chain exist.
5-The fifth point is that sunlight is a producer of food.
6-If the producer is not in the chain, nothing will happen in step six.
What is a brief explanation of the food chain?How energy and nutrients travel through an environment is described by a food chain. Energy is first produced by fundamental organisms like plants, then by higher-level organisms like herbivores. Energy is then transferred from herbivores to carnivores when they consume one another.
Which three food chains exist?Plants at Level 1 (producers) Animals classified as herbivores or at level two (primary consumers) Level 3: Herbivore-eating animals (secondary consumers, carnivores).
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Aerobic training increases blood flow to skeletal muscles during maximal exercise because of all of the following except:
A) Larger maximal cardiac output
B) Greater capillarization of muscle
C) Fewer type II fibers
D) Reduced flow to nonactive tissues
Aerobic training increases blood flow to skeletal muscles except because C)Fewer type II fibers. So, option C is correct.
Aerobic training (otherwise called perseverance activities, cardio or cardio-respiratory activity) is physical exercise of low to extreme focus that relies essentially upon the high-impact energy-creating process. "Vigorous" is characterized as "connecting with, including, or requiring oxygen", and alludes to the utilization of oxygen to satisfy energy needs during exercise through vigorous digestion adequately.
Oxygen consuming activity is performed by rehashing groupings of light-to-direct power exercises for broadened times of time. Vigorous activity might be better alluded to as "exclusively oxygen consuming", as it is intended to be low-force an adequate number of that all starches are vigorously transformed into energy by means of mitochondrial ATP creation. Mitochondria are organelles that depend on oxygen for the digestion of carbs, proteins, and fats.
Hence, option C is correct.
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how are geysers formed?
PLS HELP High points
What does the Goal Seek Status box include? Check all that apply.
the value for a cell
the number of a row
a cell to be changed
a row to be changed
a column to be changed
the cell that causes the change
The Goal Seek Status box includes the number of a row, the cell that causes the change and a row to be changed.
What is goal seek status box?The Goal Seek command automates engineering calculations, which can be based on dimensioned geometry, to achieve a specific design goal. Goal seeking finds a specific value for a dependent variable (dependent by formula)
On the Data tab, in the Data Tools group, click What-If Analysis, and then click Goal Seek. In the Set cell box, enter the reference for the cell that contains the formula that you want to resolve.
The Goal Seek function in Excel allows you to adjust an input value in a formula to determine a desired outcome. This What-If Analysis tool is ideal for situations where you know the outcome you want, but aren't sure of the values needed to reach that outcome.
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Answer:
A C E your welcome
Explanation:
Tropic hormones, or tropins, include several hormones produced by which structure?.
Answer:
Anterior pituitary
Explanation:
Most tropic hormones are produced and secreted by the anterior pituitary. The hypothalamus secretes tropic hormones that target the anterior pituitary, and the thyroid gland secretes thyroxine, which targets the hypothalamus and therefore can be considered a tropic hormone.
Many of the hormones produced by the anterior pituitary are tropic hormones (tropins)
Answer:anterior pituitary. I hope this helps
Explanation:
Most tropic hormones are produced and secreted by the anterior pituitary. The hypothalamus secretes tropic hormones that target the anterior pituitary, and the thyroid gland secretes thyroxine, which targets the hypothalamus and therefore can be considered a tropic hormone.The anterior pituitary produces ACTH. It is considered a tropic hormone. Tropic hormones indirectly affect target cells by first stimulating other endocrine glands
The system border process is one of the processes needed to establish system context. The system border
process defines which features a new system will cover and which features are
relational
O contextual
educational
O environmental
The system border process defines which features a new system will cover and which features are educational.
What is system border process ?The process of defining and justifying which elements of a product's life cycle should be included in a life cycle assessment study is known as the setting of system boundaries for an analysis.System boundary decisions should, at least in part, be guided by the particular suite of sustainability impacts that are of interest, as specific activities and their associated resource use and emission profiles will be of varying importance to the spectrum of potential impact indicators that might be considered in a study.It will be crucial to set the system limits for studies concentrating on potential interactions between nutritional factors and sustainability impacts such that all life cycle activities having an impact on one or more of these issues are included.To learn more about system boundaries refer :
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Match the statement to the type of specific immunity it most accurately describes to test your understanding of the specific immune states.
Artificial Immunity = Immunity is obtained through medical procedures such as immunizations.
Natural Immunity = Immunity is acquired through normal life experiences, not through medical intervention.
Active Immunity = One's own body produces B- and T-cell responses to antigen stimulus.
Passive Immunity = Individual receives immune substances that were produced by another host.
The correct option is (c) i.e. Active Immunity = One's own body produces B- and T-cell responses to antigen stimulus, is the type of specific immunity it most accurately of the specific immune states.
Immunity is the capacity of an organism to protect itself from harmful microbes. Immunity is influenced by both specialized and general factors. The nonspecific components act as barriers against or removers of a range of diseases regardless of their antigenic makeup. Other immune system components can adapt to each new illness they encounter and build pathogen-specific immunity. An advanced biological process known as immunity can discriminate between substances that are natural to the body and those that are foreign and can tolerate both (non-self). innate immunity To begin with, an animal's immune system aids in preventing or reducing a variety of diseases that are brought on by germs. Agents called pathogens are responsible for a wide range of illnesses. On the other hand, diseases happen when an organism's structural integrity is severely compromised without being physically injured. Some animals become ill when pathogens or illnesses affect their immune systems. There is an inherent immunity in animals. Invertebrates have phagocytosis, barrier defenses, and antimicrobial peptides.
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The correct option is (c) i.e. Active Immunity = One's own body produces B- and T-cell responses to antigen stimulus, is the type of specific immunity it most accurately of the specific immune states.
Immunity is the capacity of an organism to protect itself from harmful microbes. Immunity is influenced by both specialized and general factors. The nonspecific components act as barriers against or removers of a range of diseases regardless of their antigenic makeup. Other immune system components can adapt to each new illness they encounter and build pathogen-specific immunity. An advanced biological process known as immunity can discriminate between substances that are natural to the body and those that are foreign and can tolerate both (non-self). innate immunity To begin with, an animal's immune system aids in preventing or reducing a variety of diseases that are brought on by germs. Agents called pathogens are responsible for a wide range of illnesses. On the other hand, diseases happen when an organism's structural integrity is severely compromised without being physically injured. Some animals become ill when pathogens or illnesses affect their immune systems. There is an inherent immunity in animals. Invertebrates have phagocytosis, barrier defenses, and antimicrobial peptides.
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1. Integumentary 2. Skeletal 3. Muscular
4. Nervous 5. Endocrine 6. Cardiovascular
7. Lymphatic 8. Respiratory 9. Digestive
10. Urinary 11. Reproductive
Which of the above systems have a function of
movement?
Select one:
O a. 1, 4,
Ob. 2, 3
O c. 11, 9
O d. 5, 6