The hypothalamic route can be thought of as being activated during arousal, the first phase of the defense cascade.
The descending routes linking some of the peripheral organs involved in the expression of defensive behaviors to brain and spinal cord structures. In the upper panel, a side view of a stylised mammalian brain displays the structures and pathways. The same information is depicted in a block diagram with additional features in the bottom panel. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMN), hypothalamus (Hyp), ventrolateral periaqueductal gray (VLPAG), and vagus nerve (X) are all abbreviations for the same structure.
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From the act of pollinating flowers, a bee population gains the benefit of a 0.06 growth rate increase per month. However, the costs imposed by the flower (bees occasionally getting stuck, time spent pollinating the flower instead of pollinating other species, etc.) is a 0.02 reduction in growth rate per month. The flower gains benefits from the pollination that enhance its population growth rate by 0.05 per month, but it incurs costs (feeding the bees, damage done by the bees) that reduce its growth rate by 0.07 per month. Which of the following statements about the relationship between the bees and the flowers is true?
a. It is a host?parasite relationship in which the bees are the hosts and the flowers are the parasites.
b. It is a host?parasite relationship in which the flowers are the hosts and the bees are the parasites.
c. It is an amensalism
d. It is a commensalism.
e. It is a mutualism.
Answer:
Mutualism
Explanation:
All organisms in nature interact with other organisms in different ways. Symbiotic interactions involve a relationship between two or more organisms of different species in which one or all of them turn to be beneficiated by that relationship. These species create permanent mutual dependence.
Symbiotic interactions include:
• Amensalism refers to a biological relationship established between two organisms, in which one of them avoids the growth, development, or survival of the other one. In this interaction, one of the organisms seems to be strongly affected by the other one. Meanwhile, the other organism does not seem to be affected at all.
• Commensalism: In this case, the fitness of only one of the species seems to increase, while the other species is not affected at all, nor positively or negatively. The unaffected species might provide food or refuge to the other species, which is beneficiated.
• Parasitism: In this case, one of the species is beneficiated, while the other suffers a consequence, reducing its fitness. These interactions are mainly about nutrition, although there might be other benefits too. Some parasite species might coexist with their host, while some others might get them ill to the point of causing death.
• Mutualism: The interaction is favorable for both species. Their fitness increases with these interactions, although they do not need this relationship to survive. The degree of benefits might vary among species or might be equal.
In the relationship bee-flower, no one parasites the other. No one affects negatively the fitness of the other one. And both species seem to be equally beneficiated (bees find a source of food, and flowers get to be fertilized). This is a mutualistic relationship.
which of the following is least affected by seasonal environmental conditions?
Answer:
The seasonal environmental conditions are very poor , during summer season temperatures are very high.
The organism that is least affected by seasonal environmental conditions is a bacterium, as bacteria are single-celled prokaryotes that are capable of adapting to a wide range of environmental conditions.
What is the significance of bacterial and plant living conditions?Bacteria can survive in extreme conditions such as high salinity, low pH, and other environmental conditions and can easily switch from aerobic to anaerobic metabolism depending on the availability of oxygen in the environment. Plants and animals are more sensitive to seasonal environmental conditions as they need temperature, light, water, etc.
Hence, the organism that is least affected by seasonal environmental conditions is a bacterium, as bacteria are single-celled prokaryotes that are capable of adapting to a wide range of environmental conditions.
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Genetic drift is a process that causes
A. organisms to have the same DNA as their parents
B. the genetic makeup of an entire population to change
C. the genetic makeup of an entire population disappear.
D. organisms to better adapt to their environment.
What is one of the biomolecules for which nitrogen is needed (hint: they help build muscles)?
One of the biomolecules for which nitrogen is needed and that build muscles are the proteins, and the nitrogen is also found in the DNA and RNA that are present in the cells.
What is the significance of the nitrogen in the protein?Proteins play many important roles in the body, including building and repairing tissues, and nitrogen is a critical component of proteins, as it is incorporated into the molecule as a part of the amino acids. Without nitrogen, proteins would not be able to form and perform their many important functions so a diet that is rich in protein is important for athletes and bodybuilders to build and repair muscle tissue.
As a result, of the biomolecules for which nitrogen is needed and that build muscles are the proteins, and the nitrogen is also found in the DNA and RNA that are present in the cells.
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Which statement about how geologists study the ages of rock layers is true?
The law of superposition means that older rocks are on top.
Geologists can find the exact age of a rock by looking at its relative position.
The principle of original horizontality provides the basis for the law of superposition.
Relative age can be determined by using the concept of unconformity.
Answer: The principle of original horizontality provides the basis for the law of superposition.
Explanation:
The law of superposition in geology suggests that the rocks or sediments which are newly formed due to erosion and sedimentation of the original rocks lie above the old material. This law is supported by the principle of original horizontality according to which the newly formed sediments suspend horizontally in the layers of rocks and sediments under the effect of gravity. Thus an horizontal strata distinguishes the old and the new material.
Answer:
c
Explanation:
I took the quiz and got it right
Which blome could an animal who hibernates in
the winter to survive the cold live in?
Answer:
Tundra
Explanation:A tundra is mostly Antarctica or the Arctic or mostly an area that's covered with loads of ice and snow.Arctic tundra is a very cold, windy, and treeless biome that's snow-covered for much of the year.
What is the main body system affected from sickle cell anemia?
Answer choices:
Digestive System
Nervous system
Circulatory System
Respiratory system
Muscular System
Skeletal System
Answer:
Any and all major organs are affected by sickle cell disease. The liver, heart, kidneys, gallbladder, eyes, bones, and joints can suffer damage from the abnormal function of the sickle cells and their inability to flow through the small blood vessels correctly.
Explanation:
Answer:
The main body system affected by sickle cell anemia is the Circulatory system.
Explanation:
According to John Hopkins Medicine (a reliable source), "Any and all major organs are affected by sickle cell disease. The liver, heart, kidneys, gallbladder, eyes, bones, and joints can suffer damage from the abnormal function of the sickle cells and their inability to flow through the small blood vessels correctly."
1. You have set up a cell-free transcription system in a test tube. By mixing DNA, RNA polymerase, sigma factors, ribonucleotides and other essential substances you are able to make mRNAs identical to those made under a variety of conditions in the cells from which these components were isolated. What would happen if you were able to remove the sigma factor first added to the tube and replace it with another sigma factor
Answer:
Different messenger RNAs (mRNAs) would have been produced
Explanation:
Sigma factors are protein subunits that form bacterial RNA polymerases and they are responsible to initiate RNA synthesis. The number of sigma factors is variable between different bacterial species. For example, Escherichia coli contains seven sigma factors, while Bacillus subtilis has at least 17 sigma factors, which control the transcription of different genes. These factors determine the specificity of the RNA polymerase to the target gene promoter regions and then control transcription initiation.
Write a paragraph about how one would go about eradicating malaria in West Africa.
Answer:
Africa needs to urgently put a number of additional measures in place to speed up these advances, and to move towards eliminating the disease. These include accelerated investment and deployment of vaccines, new diagnostic tools, new funding strategies for malaria control and keeping in check the drug and insecticide resistance challenge.
Explanation:
When asked for an example of an adaptation, a student explained, "A turtle's hard shell is an adaptation. A long time ago, a few turtles were able to make their shells harder in order to protect themselves from predators and then passed the trait of harder shells on to their offspring." Do you agree or disagree with this student? Explain why.
Answer:
I agree with the student by species
Please help!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Answer:
D
Explanation:
Brainliest?
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At Weeks Bay there was a population of 200 alligators. In May of 2006 a new species of catfish was released into the Mississippi. These catfish reproduce very fast and soon become a rich food source for the alligator population. This provides the alligators with the energy needed for more successful reproduction. The following summer of 2007, 100 babies were born and a total of 40 gators died that year. However, the next year in early 2008 there was a terrible drought, causing 100 alligators to die.
1. What was the population size of alligators during the summer of 2007?
2. What is the growth rate (r) of the alligator population during 2007?
3. Name one density-dependent factor affecting this population.
4. Name one density-independent factor affecting this population.
What type of growth does your graph illustrate?
6. The population size that an environment can sustain is known as its
7. The number of individuals in a population within a given area is known as the ty
8. The population growth model that considers carrying capacity is known as
9. Populations that grow exponentially when environmental conditions are good, and rapidly decrease when conditions are bad, are known as
Answer:
1. 260
2.
3. drought
4. babies born
6. carrying capacity
7. population density
8. logistic growth
9. exponential curve
Explanation:
An ion of aluminum has a charge of 3+. The ion contains 10 electrons. How many protons does a neutral atom of aluminum possess?
Answer:
13 protons
Explanation:
Aluminum, which has a symbol of Al, is an element in group 3 of the periodic table. It has a mass number of 27. Since the number of electrons and protons in a neutral atom are the same, a neutral/uncharged atom of aluminum contains 13 electrons, 13 protons and 14 neutrons. Note: Mass number = no. of protons + no. of electrons.
However, according to this question, an ion of aluminum has a charge of 3+, this means that an atom of aluminum has lost 3 electrons i.e. 13 electrons - 3 electrons = 10 electrons. Hence, aluminum atom with charge +3 will have 10 electrons. This doesn't change the fact that aluminum atom in a neutral state possesses 13 protons.
Help please!!! The answer doesn’t need to be long.
Answer:
The correct answer is - due to unicellular structure and some characteristics similar to both plants and animals.
Explanation:
Euglena is classified as the protoctists and they perform photosynthesis with the same basic process that plants use but they are able to move around and eat like animals too.
They are not classified as plants or animals as they are unicellular which means they are composed of only one cell, In order to be classified as a plant or animal, an organism has made of more than one cell.
Due to its unicellular body and characteristics similar to both plants and animals they are called protists.
If mRNA had the codon GUA, what amino acid does that code for?
Answer:
Valine
Explanation:
This question is describing the process of translation, which is the second stage of protein synthesis. Translation is the process whereby mRNA sequence is used as a template to produce an amino acid sequence or protein.
The mRNA sequence is read in a group of three nucleotides called CODON. Each codon specifies an amino acid. According to this question, using the genetic code provided for us in a tabular form in this question, a mRNA codon as follows: GUA will code for VALINE amino acid.
How does stopping at checkpoints benefit the cells?
A train travels 800 kilometers in 6 hours. What is the average speed of the train?
Answer:
The average speed of train is 133.33km/hr.
Explanation:
We know that
Average speed= [tex]\frac{Total distance}{Total time}[/tex]
So,
average sped of the train = [tex]\frac{800 Km}{6 hr}[/tex]
= 133.33km/hr.
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1, Which of the following is not an organelle within a cell ?
A, nucleus B,chloro plast C ,mitochondria D, Cytoplasm
Answer:
B.chloroplast
Explanation:
chloroplast is gained from the sun through the cytoplasm organelle
The color of an object that humans see is actually the ______ of light reflected off the object
Please answer !!!
An object's color is really determined by the light wavelengths that are reflected while all other wavelengths are absorbed.
What is light reflection?In this context, color refers to the various light wavelengths in the visible light spectrum that are seen by human eyes.
An item is viewed as black if it absorbs all the hues of white light, as demonstrated in the following illustration. A white item will evenly reflect all shades of white light.
The light waves that an item reflects determine its "color." This is governed by the configuration of electrons in the atoms of that substance, which, in accordance with complex quantum principles, will absorb and reemit photons of a certain energy.
Therefore, an object that humans see is actually the wavelengths of light reflected off the object.
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Life on Earth has been influenced by what three large scale processes.
The definition of the water cycle is
A. rivers draining into the ocean.
B. water moving between reservoirs.
C. transpiration.
Answer:
The answer should be B
Explanation:
When looking at the water cycle you will see that a main part of the cycle is it moving in throughout the earth. reservoirs can be a main part of this process. i hope this helped.
When the person from number one was creating "true breeding" lines of plants for certain traits, what method was used?
Complete question:
When the person from number one was creating true-breeding lines of plants for certain traits, what method was used?
A. Self pollination over and over again while discarding plants with unwanted traits
B. Cross-pollination over and over while discarding plans with unwanted traits
C. Allowing for cross-pollination by bees
D. Not allowing the plants to pollinate at all
Answer:
A. Self pollination over and over again while discarding plants with unwanted traits
Explanation:
Due to technical problems, you will find the complete explanation in the attached files.
A "healthy ecosystem" can also be described as
An increase in heart rate (your heart pumps faster) results in...
Answer:adreninal rushes after doing workouts
Explanation:
Explanation:
it can mean that your are running or moving around or that you are having adrenaline rush or just did cocain or so other drug
What are herbaceous an is it a flower?
Answer:
Herbaceous plants are plants that have non-woody stems. (Like annuals and biennials).
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Do the plants and animals on a farm make up an ecosystem? Why or why not?
Answer:
Yes they do
Explanation:
Animals and plants make up a ecosystem because the animals feed off the plants and the animals feed off of other animals.
Answer:
All living things in ecosystems are part of a food chain. A food chain is how energy is passed between things. farms are ecosystems. Farmers work with crops, animals, soils, and the weather to grow our food.
Explanation:
Which of the following is an organic molecule?
Answer:
"Organic molecules have carbon atoms. Lithium Fluoride (LiF), water (H2O), and sulfer dioxide (SO2) have no carbon atoms
C3H8 (propane), because it has 3 carbon atoms'
Explanation:
Toxicology is used to determine
A. the classification of a pathogen
B. the vectors of a disease
C. how poisonous a substance is
D. what emerging viruses can cause disease
Other:
Which of the following is NOT an example of a primary consumer?
A. Maple trees
B. Caterpillars
C. Cows
D. Horses
Answer:
It would be A - Maple trees.
This is because Caterpillars, Cows, and Horses are all primary consumers as they all eat things. Also, primary consumers are herbivories, and carnivores are secondary consumers.
Explanation:
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ANSWER THIS FOR 20 POINTS!!!
Answer:
Thermometer with rhotomer
Explanation: