what is meant by the pe of an aqueous solution? what does a low (negative) pe value imply about the solution? what species determines the pe value in aerated water?
Low pE suggests that materials dissolved in the water are easily accessible sources of electrons.
Which ions are also most common in pure, freshwater resources?Calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na), and potassium (K) are the most prevalent cations in water, whereas bicarbonate (HCO3), chloride (Cl), and sulphate are the most prevalent anions (SO4).
Higher alkalinity levels in surface waters will buffer acid rain and other acid pollutants and avoid pH shifts that are hazardous to aquatic life. Alkalinity is a measure of how much acid can be added to a liquid without creating a significant change in pH.
Rapid temperature changes in an untreated natural body of water are known as thermal pollution. The most frequent source of this pollution is hot discharge from an industrial site.
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because strong attractive forces hold the layers in an ionic crystal in relatively fixed positions, ionic compounds:______.
Answer:
Because strong attractive forces hold the layers in an ionic crystal in relatively fixed positions, ionic compounds are hard, brittle, and not electrical conductors as solids.
Explanation:
i hope this helped
Using some of the following reagents, describe the preparation of 500 mL, pH 7 citric acid
1. 8 M citric acid
1. 2 M sodium dihydrogen citrate
1. 5 M sodium hydrogen citrate
0. 8 M sodium citrate
0. 1 M HCl
0. 1 M NaOH
Citric acid: Ka1=7. 4 x 10-4, Ka2=1. 7 x 10-5, Ka3=4. 0 x 10-7
Assume the available HCl is 10N, then take [250/(10 x 10)] = 2.5 mL into a 250 mL standard flask. Add distilled water to this, fill up to the mark and shake well.
Prepare a standard solution of Na2CO3. Take EXACTLY [53/(4 X10)] = 1.325 g of anhydrous Na2CO3 on a digital balance, dissolve in distilled water and make up the solution to 250 mL in a volumetric flask.
[Strength of Na2CO3 solution= 0.10N]
Pipette 20 ml of this solution into a clean Erlenmeyer flask, add two drops of Methyl orange indicator. The solution turns yellow.
Titrate this solution with the HCl solution by drawing on the burette. At the final stage, the color of the solution changes to light pink. Titrate the solution to achieve compliance. From this use, find out the Exact concentration of the prepared HCl solution.
250 ml 1.8 M citric acid + 92 ml 0.1 M NaOH + 158 ml distilled water
250 ml 1.8 M citric acid + 11 ml 0.1 M NaOH + 239 ml distilled water
250 ml 1.8 M citric acid + 2 ml 0.1 M NaOH + 248 ml distilled water
250 ml 0.1 M HCl + 32 ml 0.8 M sodium citrate + 218 ml distilled water
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Which of the molecules has the highest boiling point? Enter the number of the liquid into the text entry box. Do not enter the molecular formula.
Liquid 1: CH4
Liquid 2: CH3CH3
Liquid 3: CH3CH₂CH3
Liquid 4: CH3CH₂CH₂CH3
According to the given information Liquid 2 CH3CH3 of the molecules has the highest boiling point.
What is melting and boiling point?The heat at which a quality of output into a liquid under normal air pressure is known as the melting point. Boiling point: The temperature at which a liquid's vapor pressure matches the pressure around it, turning the liquid into vapor (and vice versa).
The boiling point phase is what?The temperature from which a pure material changes from such a liquid to a liquid is known as its boiling point. The liquid's vapor pressure is now equal to the pressure being exerted on it. The boiling points point is the specific heat at one atmosphere of pressure.
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Can ya help me know what goes in the blanks
Answer:
In the explanation below
Explanation:
Fusion
Heat
Friction
127
Radiation
If you connect the words it'll make sense. Use the ways of the Taoists.
4. A 0.50 M solution of sodium thiosulfate, Na2S2O3 is used to create a more dilute solution. If 250 mL of the concentrated solution is diluted to a volume of 2.5 L, determine the concentration of the new solution.
The concentration of the new solution if 0.50 M solution of sodium thiosulfate is used to create a more dilute solution is 0.05M.
How to calculate concentration?Molarity refers to the concentration of a substance in solution, expressed as the number moles of solute per litre of solution.
The concentration of a solution can be calculated using the following formula:
CaVa = CbVb
Where;
Ca = initial concentrationCb = final concentrationVa = initial volumeVb = final volumeAccording to this question, if 250 mL of the concentrated solution is diluted to a volume of 2.5 L, the new concentration can be calculated as follows:
0.250 × 0.5 = 2.5 × Cb
0.125 = 2.5Cb
Cb = 0.05M
Therefore, 0.05M is the new concentration of the solution.
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Why does the succession process struggle to regain its balance after certain environmental changes caused by human activities?
Answer:
Ecological succession is the process by which
the mix of species and habitat in an area changes over time.Gradually, these communities replace one another until a “climax community”—like a mature forest—is reached, or until a disturbance, like a fire, occurs. Ecological succession is a fundamental concept in ecology.
Explanation:
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the binding energy of the 1s electron in nitrogen is 409.9 ev. what wavelength of light is required to remove this core electron from the atom
The formula for an electron's energy is E=2.1781018J(n2Z2). wavelength of light needed to move an electron from level n=1 to n=2 in an atom of hydrogen.
A hydrogen atom's electron binding energy is 13.6 electron volts. How much power is needed to remove?The energy needed to remove the electron from Li++'s first excited state is if the binding energy of the electron in a hydrogen atom is 13.6 eV. (A) 122.4eV.
How can you determine an electron's binding energy to a metal?It is necessary to ascertain the electrical configuration of the given nucleus and the level from which the electron has been ejected. Discover the wavelength that matches the ejected condition. the difference in energy level between the electron.
Calculation:electron's energy is E=2.1781018J(n2Z2)
level n=1 to n=2
hydrogen atom is 13.6 eV. (A) 122.4eV.
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Calcium hydroxide solution and carbon dioxide gas yields solid calcium carbonate and liquid water
Calcium hydroxide reacts with carbon dioxide gives water and calcium carbonate. The balanced equation for the reaction is written as:
[tex]\rm Ca(OH)_{2} + CO_{2} \rightarrow CaCO_{3} + H_{2}O[/tex]
What is calcium carbonate?Calcium carbonate is commonly called limestone. Limestone is mineral deposit found in many living and nonliving things. Rocks and shells of some organisms are major sources of calcium carbonate.
Calcium carbonate can be prepared by passing carbon dioxide through quicklime or calcium oxide CaO. Calcium carbonate will precipitate in a milky solution.
Limestone can also be prepared by the reaction of calcium hydroxide or soda lime with carbon dioxide. Each reacts in one mole and gives one mole of each product as written in the balanced reaction.
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Your question is incomplete. But your complete question probably was:
Calcium hydroxide solution and carbon dioxide gas yields solid calcium carbonate and liquid water. Write the balanced equation for this reaction.
At a certain temperature, 0.4811 mol of N2 and 1.601 mol of H2 are placed in a 2.50 L container.
N2(g)+3H2(g)↽−−⇀2NH3(g)
At equilibrium, 0.1401 mol of N2 is present. Calculate the equilibrium constant, c .
According to chemical equilibrium, the equilibrium constant for the given reaction is 0.0099.
What is chemical equilibrium?Chemical equilibrium is defined as the condition which arises during the course of a reversible chemical reaction with no net change in amount of reactants and products.
At equilibrium, the two opposing reactions which take place take place at equal rates and there is no net change in amount of the substances which are involved in the chemical reaction.
Factors which affect chemical equilibrium are change in concentration , change in pressure and temperature and presence of catalyst. Equilibrium constant is calculated as,K=[NH₃]²/[N₂][H₂]³ where square brackets denote concentration ,∴K=[0.1401]²/[0.4811][1.601]³
=0.0196/1.974=0.0099
Thus, equilibrium constant is 0.0099.
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explain the three forces at work that hold an atom together
An atom is held together by three forces: the strong nuclear force, the electromagnetic force, and the weak nuclear force.
The strong nuclear force is the strongest of the three forces and is responsible for binding the protons and neutrons together in the nucleus of an atom. The strong nuclear force is a short-range force that acts only over a very small distance, and it is strong enough to overcome the repulsive forces between the protons, which are positively charged particles.
The electromagnetic force is the second strongest of the three forces, and it is responsible for binding the electrons to the nucleus of an atom. The electromagnetic force is a long-range force that acts over a larger distance than the strong nuclear force, and it is caused by the attraction between opposite charges (positive and negative).
The weak nuclear force is the weakest of the three forces, and it is responsible for certain types of radioactive decay, such as beta decay. The weak nuclear force is a short-range force that acts only over a very small distance, and it is much weaker than the strong nuclear force and the electromagnetic force.
Overall, the three forces at work that hold an atom together are the strong nuclear force, the electromagnetic force, and the weak nuclear force. These forces act at different ranges and with different strengths, but they all play a crucial role in maintaining the stability and integrity of an atom.
3. a) although amino acids are often drawn in an uncharged form, they exist primarily in the form of a zwitterion. draw the zwitterion form for a general amino acid
An amino acid may function as both an acid and a base because of its structural makeup. Because almost all amino acid molecules exist as zwitterions at a certain pH value (different for each amino acid), an amino acid possesses this capacity.
What does an amino acid have in its zwitterionic form?A functional group molecule called a zwitterion contains at least one positive electrical charge and one negative electrical charge. The whole molecule has a negative net charge. Amino acids are among the most well-known Zwitterions. Both a basic group of amines and a group of carboxyls are present (acidic).
An isoelectric point exists for each zwitterion (pI). A zwitterion is uncharged at the pH known as the isoelectric point.
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Listed in the Item Bank are key terms and expressions, each of which is associated with one of the columns. Some terms may display additional information when you click on them. Drag and drop each item into the correct column. Order does not matter.
Answer:
Elements: U and Li
Compounds: [tex]H_2O[/tex], [tex]MgCl_2[/tex], and [tex]Li(OH)_2[/tex]
Explanation:
Elements are pure substances that are not bonded with any other atom. They are found in the Periodic Table of Elements. For this question, only U and Li are pure substances, they are the only items listed in the Periodic Table, and they are the only elements in the list.
Compounds are groups of elements that are chemically bonded. When writing them, the elements that compose them are listed. [tex]H_2O[/tex] is two hydrogen and one water, [tex]MgCl_2[/tex] is one magnesium and two chlorine, and [tex]Li(OH)_2[/tex] is one lithium and two hydroxide ions. The two hydroxide ions are composed of one hydrogen and one oxygen each. These three items are all compounds of various elements.
which molecule below has hydrogen bonding? which molecule below has hydrogen bonding? hf ch3oh nh3 h2o all of the above
Hydrogen bonds exist in the water molecule below.
What are the three components of a hydrogen bond?Only molecules in which hydrogen is covalently bound to either fluorine, oxygen, or nitrogen experience hydrogen bonding. These three elements are sufficiently electronegative that they remove the majority of the electron density from the hydrogen atom's covalent link, leaving the latter atom with an extremely low electron density.
How does a hydrogen bond develop?A hydrogen atom that is connected to an electronegative atom moves toward another electronegative atom nearby to form hydrogen bonds, which are potent intermolecular forces. The hydrogen-bond strength will rise as the hydrogen bond acceptor's electronegativity increases.
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decide which element probably forms a compound with oxygen that has a chemical formula most and least similar to the chemical formula of the compound formed by oxygen and indium.
The element that most likely creates a compound using oxygen with a chemical formula that is similar to that of the
What are an element and a compound?Atoms of various elements are combined chemically in a predetermined ratio to form a compound. A pure chemical composition made up of only one type of atom is referred to as an element. Composition. Different elements are arranged in compounds in a certain sequence and fixed ratio through chemical bonding.
What is a compound, exactly?(KOM-pownd) a material created by joining two or more distinct elements chemically in science. Examples of compounds are sodium chloride (NaCl), which is generated from of the components sodium and chloride, and water (H2O), which is created from the components hydrogen and oxygen.
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A titration curve is a plot of choose. On the x-axis and choose. On the y-axis.
A titration curve is a plot of titrant volume on the x-axis and pH on the y-axis.
What is a titration curve?
Titration is often plotted on a graph called a titration curve. This graph usually contains the titrant volume as the independent variable and the pH of the solution as the dependent variable. The equivalence point on the graph is where all the starting solution has been neutralized by the titrant.
What is a titrant volume?
Reagents, called titrants or titrators, are prepared as standard solutions. A titrant of known concentration and volume reacts with the analyte solution or titrant to determine the concentration. The amount of titrant converted is called titer.
Therefore, A titration curve is a plot of titrant volume on the x-axis and pH on the y-axis.
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4. A representation of one unit of C6H12O6 in water is shown below.
(The water molecules are intentionally not shown.)
(a) What is wrong with this representation?
What is wrong with the representation is that the atoms of the compound are isolated rather than combined together.
Why is the representation wrong?We know that a compound is composed of atoms. The atoms that make up the compound are not just isolated. The atoms can be combined in such a manner that they are intricately connected to each other and not disconnected as we see in the image.
Thus, when we can see in this image has more to do with the existence of atoms than it does the existence of the molecule that can be called glucose which was the intended representation.
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PLEASE HELP ME WITH THIS QUESTION
If the volume is decreased to 2.6 L and pressure is decreased to 3.2 atm, then temperature become 156.98K.
This problem can be solved by using the concept of Ideal gas equation.
What ia ideal gas equation?The equation of ideal gas can be expressed as
PV = nRT
where,
P is the pressure of the gas
V is the volume taken
n is the number of moles of the gas
R is the gas constant = 6.314 J/ mol K
T is the temperature
Now from given data, we have the values of
V = 3.2 L
P = 5.5 atm
T = 53°C = 273 + 53 = 326 K
By substituting all the values, we get the value of n
3.2 × 5.5 = n × 6.314 × 326
17.6 = n × 2058.36
n = 17.6 / 2058.36
n = 0.0085 mol
Now, we have to find the temperature
n = 0.0085 mol
V = 2.6 L
P = 3.2 atm
By substituting all the values, we get
3.2 × 2.6 = 0.0085 × 6.314 × T
8.32 = 0.053 T
T = 8.32/ 0.053
T = 156.98 K
Thus, we concluded that if the volume is decreased to 2.6 L and pressure is decreased to 3.2 atm, then temperature become 156.98K.
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when the concentrations of both mercury chloride and oxalate ion are 0.30 m, what is the rate of the reaction?
The concentrations of both mercury chloride and oxalate ion are 0.30 m, the rate of the reaction is 7.8 × 10⁻⁴ M/s.
given that :
concentration of mercury chloride = 0.30 M
concentration of oxalate ion = 0.30 M
It can be written as:
2HgCl₂ + C₂O₄²⁻ -----> 2Cl⁻ + Hg₂Cl₂ + 2CO₂
k = 8.7 × 10⁻³ M⁻²/s⁻¹
The rate of the reaction will be shown as :
Rate = k [HgCl₂ ] [ C₂O₄²⁻ ]²
Rate = 8.7 × 10⁻³ (0.30)(0.30)²
Rate = 7.8 × 10⁻⁴ M/s
Thus, rate of the reaction will be :
Rate = 7.8 × 10⁻⁴ M/s
This question is incomplete , the complete question is :
__""when the concentrations of both mercury chloride and oxalate ion are 0.30 m, what is the rate of the reaction? "__
the rate is given as : Rate = k[HgCl₂ ] [ C₂O₄²⁻ ]² value of k = 8.7 × 10⁻³ M⁻²/s⁻¹__"
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The hoverboard is not the best way to get to school
Write a CER 3 evidence and 3 reasonings
The justification provides the "why" and "how" the evidence substantiates the assertion.
What is justification?Justification is defined as the act, procedure, or declaration that makes sinners righteous in God's eyes. The term "research justification" refers to the justification for conducting the research, which includes a description of the research's design and methodology.
Your students may offer the following justification: Matter is air (claim). When we added more air to the ball, we discovered that the weight of the ball rose (evidence). This demonstrates that weight, a property of matter, exists in air (reasoning).
Thus, the justification provides the "why" and "how" the evidence substantiates the assertion.
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nuclear decay occurs according to first-order kinetics. how long will it take for a sample of chromium-51 to decay from 35.0 grams to 10.0 grams? the half-life of chromium-51 is 28 days.
In 84 days, the amount of chromium-51 in this sample will decrease from 35 grams to 10 grams.
Explain what nuclear is.Nuclear energy is the name given to the energy that can be found in the nucleus, or core, of an atom. Atoms are the smallest units that make up the universe, and energy holds the nucleus of each atom together.
Who has nuclear power on the planet?The largest nuclear electricity generator in 2021 will be the United States, which will generate 771,638 GWh of nuclear energy, followed by China, which will generate 383,205 GWh. As of August 2022, 438 reactors with a net power of 393,333 MWe and 56 reactors with a combined total of 57,848 MWe were in operation.
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714.0g of KBr will decompose fully to produce how many liters of Bromine gas?
2KBr (s) → 2K (s) + Brz (g)
One of the reactant atoms in a redox reaction undergoes oxidation while the other undergoes reduction.
What are Redox Reactions?An electron transfer between two reactants that are involved in a chemical reaction is known as a redox reaction. Observing variations in the oxidation states of the reacting species will help you spot this transfer of electrons.Below is an illustration of a redox reaction showing the transport of electrons between two reactants.As seen in the image below, reactant A underwent an oxidation reaction after losing an electron, which is the reactant. Similar to reactant A, reactant B also received an electron, resulting in reduction.Oxidation is the process of a given reactant losing electrons and changing from a reduced to a more oxidized state. Reduction is the process of adding electrons to a reactant and causing it to become less oxidised.The term "oxidizing agents" refers to electron-accepting species that have a tendency to reduce redox processes. A reducing agent is an electron-donating substance that typically gives away electrons. Oxidation is a common process for these species. It should be noted that any redox reaction can be divided into the oxidation half-reaction and the reduction half-reaction.The Complete Question is redox Reaction.
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Imagine you work a a conultant, and your daily job involve litening to the contructive criticim of other. A part of your job, you mut liten to oppoing viewpoint to make important deciion. In thi activity, you are a conulting dam engineer. You mut make a deciion about four different dam; hould they be repaired, taken down, or left alone? You will liten to contrating opinion about what hould be done with the dam before you make the final deciion. A the conulting dam engineer, what do you decide to do with thi dam? Explain your reaoning. By making your deciion, did you upport the opinion of the mayor and/or the dam afety official? Why or why not?
The lack of information is the major reason behind the delay in process of decision making and construction procedure.
According to the given, there are several challenges that may occur. However, there are few points which are very difficult to follow, these are:
Listening to opposing viewpoints.
Listening to the opinions from other contrasts.
Consider any of the structural, meteorological, or environmental characteristics of this dam.
Illuminate, clarify, support, or justify my reasoning
Considering the opinion of the mayor
Considering the opinion of the dam safety officer
The reason for the difficulty behind all of these is the lack of information given in the question.
What are the principles of construction and design ?
There is whole lot more details and information needed to display on the existing structure, its history and its composition. If that's too much trouble for them, or they don't like it, then they can go and get themselves another dam consulting engineer.
Thus, we can conclude that the lack of information is the major reason behind the delay in process of decision making and construction procedure.
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Whose discovery led to the discovery of the proton?
A. Dalton
B. Rutherford
C. Aristotle
D. Bohr
Hydrogen peroxide is placed in sunlight and reacts slowly to form oxygen and water.
a. Rewrite the chemical reaction as a word equation
b. State the evidence that a chemical reaction has occurred
c. Is the reaction exothermic or endothermic? Explain your reasoning
a. The chemical reaction can be rewritten as a word equation as follows:
Hydrogen Peroxide -> Oxygen + Water
b. Evidence that a chemical reaction has occurred includes the production of a new substance (oxygen and water), a change in the physical properties of the reactants (change in color, odor, or temperature), and the release of energy (evolution of oxygen gas).
c. The reaction is likely exothermic, which means it releases energy. This is because the reaction produces new substances (oxygen and water) and releases energy in the form of oxygen gas. In an endothermic reaction, the reactants would absorb energy from the surroundings.
paulas choice--skin perfecting 2% bha liquid salicylic acid exfoliant--facial exfoliant for blackheads, enlarged pores, wrinkles & fine lines, 4 oz bottle
An excellent exfoliating product, however if you have sensitive skin you shouldn't use it every day or you'll harm your skin barrier.
Is Paula's Choice BHA effective on blackheads?However, the benefits of our BHA solutions are not limited to treating blemishes, blackheads, and enlarged pores; they also benefit skin by including moisturizing and anti-aging components. There is a BHA option that will be ideal for your skin type and skin issues among the numerous available from Paula's Choice Skincare.
Can Paula's Choice BHA reduce pore size?Salicylic acid (also known as beta hydroxyl acid or BHA) aids in shedding the dead skin cells that would otherwise accumulate in the pore and stretch it out. BHA exfoliates inside enlarged pores to help them shrink back to their original size.
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chemical reactions and nuclear reactions have different kinetic behavior. what is the order for a nuclear decay reaction?
The chemical reactions and nuclear reactions have different kinetic behavior. the order for a nuclear decay reaction is first order.
The chemical reaction is the reaction in which molecules interact to form the product. while in the nuclear reaction is the type of the reaction in which the change in the structure of nucleus takes place with the release of the energy. the chemical reactions and the nuclear reaction have the different kinetic behavior. in the chemical reaction the balance term is the mass while in the nuclear reaction the balance term is the mass and the energy both.
Thus the order of the nuclear decay is the first order.
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if 0.900 g of oxalic acid, h2c2o4, is completely neutralized with 0.500 m lithium hydroxide, what volume of lithium hydroxide is required?
In order to completely neutralize 0.900 g liquid oxalic acid, h2c2o4, using 0.500 m lithium hydroxide, 40.00 ml of lithium hydroxide are needed.
What purpose does lithium hydroxide serve?When manufacturing lithium salts (soaps) of oleic and other fatty acids, lithium hydroxide (LiOH), which is frequently produced by the reaction of lithium carbonate and lime, is utilized. These soaps are commonly used as thickeners for lubricating greases.
How is static power calculated?ICC times the supply voltage equals static power dissipation. In CMOS logic, the current that occurs as the input switches between High and Low is known as the dynamic supply current. This current circulates when capacitance is being charged and discharged.
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if aluminum nitrate and sodium hydroxide are reacted, what is the resultant clear jelly-like precipitate that forms but disappears as more reagent is added?
Sodium hydroxide to a cylinder of aluminum nitrate to precipitate the aluminum hydroxide. Add more base to dissolve the precipitate.
The reaction can then be reversed by adding hydrochloric acid. Sodium hydroxide replaces copper forming copper hydroxide. Instead of dissolving the compound precipitates and appears as a light blue solid in the liquid. At this point, the solution becomes colorless and solid copper hydroxide settles to the bottom.
All ions dissolve in each other and do not react with each other. So the short answer to this question is nothing. When NaOH and KCl react KOH and NaCl are formed. Such reactions are called double displacement reactions. Silver ions come out of the solution as a brown precipitate of silver oxide in the presence of hydroxide ions.
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The degree of polarity of a covalent bond between two atoms is determined by calculating the difference in their.
Answer:
electronegativities
Explanation:
The polarity of a covalent bond can be judged by determining the difference in the electronegativities of the two atoms making the bond. The greater the difference in electronegativities, the greater the imbalance of electron sharing in the bond.