What is the osmotic pressure of a 0.431 M solution of sodium phosphate (Na₃PO₄) in water at a temperature of 40.0 °C? Assume the sodium phosphate completely dissociates in water. R = 0.08206 L･atm/K･mol

Answer:

Explanation:

If the EN difference is large then it has an ionic bond, if it's low it has a covalent bond.

The equilibrium constant for the reaction PCl₃(g)+Cl₂(g) ⇌ PCl₅(g) at

400K is 1/Kc.

The ratio of the amount of reactant to the amount of product that is used to predict the chemical behavior of a reaction is known as the equilibrium constant for chemical reactions. The rate constants remain unchanged at a specific temperature.

When the reactants and products do not change in any significant way over time, this is known as chemical equilibrium. When the forward and reverse reactions happen at the same rate, this is the condition. The equilibrium constant, K, serves as a description of this state of equilibrium.

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LiAlH4 reagent can reduce aldehydes to primary alcohols, ketones to secondary alcohols, carboxylic acids and esters to primary alcohols, amides and nitriles to amines, epoxides to alcohols and lactones to diols.

LiAlH4 is a powerful reducing agent compared to sodium borohydride, NaBH4, since the Al-H bond is weaker and thus less stable than B-H bond.

Reduction of aldehydes or ketone to primary  and secondary alcohols:

Initially, a hydride ion is transferred onto the carbonyl carbon and the oxygen atom coordinates to the remaining aluminum hydride species to furnish an alkoxy tri hydro aluminate ion, which can reduce the next carbonyl molecule. Thus three of the hydride ions are used up in reduction. The reaction will be as follows :

    AlH4 + ROR   →  RHROH

Reduction of amides to amine:

Amides are converted to amines. The LAH reduction mechanism is slightly different from that depicted for esters. In iminium ion is formed during the reaction since nitrogen atom is relatively a good donor than oxygen atom. The reaction will be as follows:

RONR2 + AlH4 → RNR2

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After balancing the equation, the coefficient in front of the hydrogen would be 3.

A balanced chemical equation is an equation that contains an equal number of different atoms in the reactants and in the products in accordance with the law of conservation of atoms.

According to the law of conservation of atoms, atoms cannot be created nor destroyed during the course of chemical reactions, although their forms may change from reactants to products.

Going by this rule, the balanced equation of the reaction in the illustration would be: [tex]2Co(s) + 6HCl(aq) -- > 2CoCl_3(aq) + 3H_2(g)[/tex]

Thus, from the balanced equation, the coefficient of hydrogen is 3.

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The pH change of a 0.280 M solution of citric acid is 1.7917.

What is citric acid and why is it useful?

Citric acid was originally produced from lemon juice by a Swedish researcher in 1784.

The odorless and colorless substance was manufactured from lemon juice until the early 1900s when researchers discovered that it could also be made from the black mold Aspergillus niger, which generates citric acid as it feeds on sugar.

Because of its acidic, sour-tasting character, citric acid is largely utilized as a flavoring and preserving agent, especially in soft drinks and candies. It’s also used to stabilize or preserve pharmaceuticals and as a -disinfectant.

As, in the question we have been provided with the pK2, so we will first convert it into ka.

ka= 10 ^ -4.77= 1.70 × 10 -5

⇒1.70 × 10- 5 = x²/ 0.280 -x

⇒x= [H+] = 0.00218 M

pH = - log [0.00218]

pH = 2.6615 initial pH

pH= pKa + loh [salt/acid]

pH= 4.77 +log [0.135/0.280]

pH= 4.77 - 0.3168 = 4.4532

change pH= 4.4532 - 2.6615 = 1.7917.

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Answer:

1.992×10–²³

Explanation:

We mainly use molar masses in calculation and this is not a mass of single but it is mass of one mole of atoms, molecules or ions. We know that in ions and atoms there are only differences in the number of electrons and mass of electrons is negligible. Then the mass of the ion and atom of the same element is the same.

We may arrange the valence electrons around the center atom of PO3-3 and try to fill each atom's outer shell once we learn how many exist. Its PO3 3- Lewis structure is made up of 26 valence electrons.

Only a few of the elements in the periodic table have a following letter that is lowercase after their first capital letter. Therefore, you can tell an ion is polyatomic if it has two capital letters together.

However, the majority of elements are found in molecules made up of two or maybe more atoms. We refer to these as polyatomic elements. The oxygen family of elements, which includes oxygen.

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The concentration of sodium in the soft drink in mass percent is 9.179485 x 10⁻³ %.

Percentage by mass, mass %, is a measure of concentration that indicates the mass of solute per mass of solution. In other words, the mass percent of a component in the solution is defined as the ratio of the mass of the component to the mass of the solution, expressed as a percentage.

mass % = (mass of solute / mass of solution) x 100

In the case of a soft drink which contains 28 mg of sodium in 305 g of H₂O, sodium is the solute and the solution is the mixture of sodium and H₂O.

mass % = (mass of solute / mass of solution) x 100

mass % = (28 mg / 28 mg + 305 g) x 100

mass % = (28 mg / 305028 mg) x 100

mass % = (9.179485 x 10⁻⁵) x 100

mass % = 9.179485 x 10⁻³ %

Hence, the mass percent of sodium in the soft drink is 9.179485 x 10⁻³ %.

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True. Intermolecular forces in liquids and solids are stronger than those in gases. This is because the molecules in liquids and solids are much closer together than those in gases, so the attractive forces between them are stronger.

The stronger the intermolecular forces, the higher the temperature needed to break them and cause the substance to boil or melt.

In the physical world, the behavior of matter is determined by the forces that act on it. Intermolecular forces, the attractions and repulsions between molecules, are one of the fundamental forces that drive the properties of matter. This essay will explore the role of intermolecular forces in liquids and solids and explain how they contribute to the melting and boiling points of substances.

In liquids and solids, the molecules are much closer together than in gases, so the attractive forces between them are stronger. This is due to the fact that in liquids and solids, the molecules are more densely packed, allowing for greater attraction between them. The stronger these intermolecular forces are, the higher the temperature needed to break them apart, resulting in the melting and boiling point of a substance. This can be seen in the phase diagram for water, where the melting point is 0°C and the boiling point is 100°C.

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138.75 grams of fluorine contain in 285g CaF2

To calculate no of we use

No of moles = Given Mass/Molar mass

here given mass is 285g Molar Mass of CaF2 is 78.07g/mol

Number of moles = 285/78.07= 3.650 moles

so we can say that 1 mole of CaF2 contains 2 moles of F2 in it.

3.650 ,moles of Caf2 contains =2 x 3.650=7.30 moles  of F2

Mass of fluorine is 19

19 x 7.30  = 138.72 grams of fluorine is present in 285grams of Caf2

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The empirical formula of the organic molecule, given that it contains 2.088 L Carbon, 2.688 L Hydrogen and 0.896 L oxigen is C₃H₄₈O

The following data were obtained from the question:

The empirical formula of the organic compound can be obtained as follow:

Divide by their molar mass

C = 2.088 / 12 = 0.174

H = 2.688 / 1 = 2.688

O = 0.896 / 16 = 0.056

Divide by the smallest

C = 0.174 / 0.056 = 3

H = 2.688/ 0.056 = 48

O = 0.056 / 0.056 = 1

Thus, we can conclude that the empirical formula of the organic molecule is C₃H₄₈O

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The term "shielding effect" describes how the presence of core/core electrons reduces the positive charge experienced by the core/valence electrons.

The shielding effect is known as the reduction of the effective nuclear charge of the electron cloud as a result of the change in the attractive force acting on the electrons of the atoms. This particular case of electric field filtering is unique. Many projects in the field of materials science also consider this effect. The term "shielding effect" describes the reduction in positive charge experienced by the outer/valence electrons as a result of the presence of inner/core electrons. It prevents the outer/valence electrons from fully benefiting from the positive charge coming from the nucleus.

Due to the increased amount of core electrons, the shielding is enhanced when traveling downhill in groups. The amount of core electrons remains constant as it does not change as it moves over a period of time.

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a) NaCl + H2O

c) POLi + HCO3

To solve such this we must know the concept of redox reaction. Therefore,  the pressure of hydrogen gas formed in mmHg is 661.35mmHg.

Chemical reaction is a process in which two or more than two molecules collide in right orientation and energy to form a new chemical compound. The mass of the overall reaction should be conserved. There are so many types of chemical reaction reaction like combination reaction, double displacement reaction.

total pressure= pressure of gas + pressure of water vapor

total pressure= 680.0 mmHg

pressure of water vapor at  21 °C=18.65mmHg

substituting all the given values in the above equation, we get

680.0 = pressure of gas + 18.65

pressure of gas =680- 18.65

                            =661.35mmHg

Therefore,  the pressure of hydrogen gas formed in mmHg is 661.35mmHg.

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Nitrogen is a non -polar  because its molecule have Van der Waals  force of attraction while water is a liquid because its molecule have hydrogen bonding .

Molecular Interactions are between molecules that are not linked by bonds. Molecular interactions include cohesive attraction between like, adhesive attraction between unlike and repulsive forces between molecules. whether polar or non- polar are attracted to one another by dispersion forces

There are four types of interactions:

Therefore molecular interaction are between molecules that are not linked by bonds either nitrogen or water.

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The percentage of sodium (Na) in a formula unit of sodium hydrogen carbonate (NaHCO3) is 27.25%. Percent by mass of sodium = (total mass of sodium/ formula weight) * 100

Percent by mass of an element =(Total mass of the element in the formula / weight ) * 100

Step 1 :Formula weight of NaHCO₃

The atomic mass of Na, H,C and O

Formula weight of NaHCO₃ = Na+H+C+3O

Formula weight of NaHCO₃ = 22.9+1.01+12.01+3(16)

Formula weight of NaHCO₃ is 84.01 g

Step 2 :Use percent by mass formula,

Percent by mass of sodium = (total mass of sodium / formula weight) * 100

Percent by mass of sodium = (22.9)/84.01*100

Percent by mass of sodium = 27.25%

Thus, the percentage by mass of sodium in a formula unit of sodium hydrogen carbonate (NaHCO3) is 27.25%.

Molar mass = g/mol, The mass of one atom of carbon-12 the atomic mass of carbon-12 is exactly 12 atomic mass units. The mass of one mole of carbon atom is exactly 12 grams; its molar mass is exactly 12 grams per mole.

The most common way to express solution concentration is molarity (M), which is defined as the amount of solute in moles by the volume of solution in liters: M = moles of solute/liters of solution.

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The intensive properties in this scenario are specific heat, temperature, density of water etc. The extensive properties include heat capacity, volume and mass of water.

Intensive properties are those properties which does not change with the amount of the substance. Whereas, extensive properties depends on the mass or total amount of the substance. It changes with the change in amount of the substance.

Intensive properties includes temperature, pressure, density etc. Whereas examples of extensive properties include mass, volume, heat capacity etc.

In the given scenario temperature and density of water does not change as they are intensive. Mass, volume and heat capacity of water changes as the kitten jump into it since they are extensive.

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The formula for conjugate base is C₆H₅NH₂ and C6H5NH3+ is the conjugate acid.

Conjugate base is defined as when an acid loses a hydrogen ion, a compound is produced. When a proton is added to a base, a conjugate acid is created, and vice versa when a proton is taken away from an acid, a conjugate base is created.

Conjugate acid is defined as a chemical molecule created when an acid gives a base a proton (H). A conjugate acid-base pair is made up of two bases that only differ by the presence or absence of a proton.

Thus, the formula for conjugate base is C₆H₅NH₂ and C6H5NH3+ is the conjugate acid.

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Answer:

0.204 mol

Explanation:

Molar mass of Pb(NO3)2 = 331.22 g/mol

so mol of 67.6 g equals 67.6g x (1 mole/331.22g) = 0.204 mol

Answer:

Explanation:

The balanced chemical equation for the reaction of Fe(OH)3 to Fe₂O₃ and H₂O is:

3 Fe(OH)3 -> Fe2O3 + 3 H2O

In this reaction, Fe(OH)3, also known as ferric hydroxide, reacts with water to form Fe₂O₃, also known as iron(III) oxide, and H₂O, also known as water. The reaction is a redox reaction, in which Fe(OH)3 is oxidized to Fe₂O₃, and the water molecules are reduced to H₂O.

The reaction is typically carried out at high temperatures to speed up the reaction and increase the yield of Fe₂O₃. The reaction is commonly used in the production of iron(III) oxide, which is used as a pigment in paints, ceramics, and other materials. It is also used in the production of iron from iron ore.

The balanced chemical equation is 3 Fe(OH)₃ -> Fe₂O₃+ 3 H₂O for the given reaction.

Chemical equation is a symbolic representation of a chemical reaction which is written in the form of symbols and chemical formulas.The reactants are present on the left hand side while the products are present on the right hand side.

A plus sign is present between reactants and products if they are more than one in any case and an arrow is present pointing towards the product side which indicates the direction of the reaction .There are coefficients present next to the chemical symbols and formulas .

The first chemical equation was put forth by Jean Beguin in 1615.By making use of chemical equations the direction of reaction ,state of reactants and products can be stated. In the chemical equations even the temperature to be maintained and catalyst can be mentioned.

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The quantity in mL of the iodine solution standard solutions that the scientist should pour out is provided as V1 = 609.9 mL according to the supplied statement.

A potassium deficiency level can cause irregular heart rhythms to form and cause muscles to feel weak, cramp, or even become paralyzed. Tests of the potassium level in the blood are used to make the diagnosis. Typically, all that is required is consuming meals high in potassium or ingesting potassium supplements.

About 63 milligrams of potassium may be found in one big egg. 1 Although eggs are regarded as a low-potassium food, talk to your doctor or nutritionist to see how frequently you should consume them.

Briefing:

C1 = 7.46mol/L

C2 = 7.00 M

V1 = ?

V2 = 650mL

C1.V1 = C2.V2

V1 = 609.9 mL

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Common salt, sometimes referred to as sodium chloride, is a substance consisting of sodium and chlorine atoms. One mole of sodium chloride (23 grams) interacts with one mole of oxygen to produce two moles of sodium oxide and one mole of chlorine. This reaction is known as the sodium chloride–oxygen reaction (NaCl–O2).

The molar masses of sodium (Na) and chlorine (Cl) are respectively 22.99 g/mole and 35.4 g/mole.

If I take a mole of NaCl, there will either be one mole of Na and zero Cl2 molecules, or two moles of Na and two moles of Cl2 molecules on either side.

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Hello,

I hope you and your family are doing well!

To convert a mass from kilograms to grams, we can multiply the mass by 1000, since there are 1000 grams in 1 kilogram.

Therefore, the mass of Lavasha's backpack expressed in grams is:

62.75 kilograms * 1000 grams/kilogram = 62750 grams

So Lavasha's backpack has a mass of 62750 grams.

Answer: A

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A pure copper sphere has a radius 0.930 in, 47.68 x 10²³ copper atoms does it contain.

The Avogadro number, often known as the Avogadro constant, is the quantity of units contained in one mole of any material. It equals 6.022140857 ×10²³. Depending on the nature of the reaction and the material, the units might be electrons, ions, atoms, or molecules.

Given that,

density = 8.96g/cm³

radius of sphere (r) = 0.935 in

                               = 0.935 x 2.54 cm

                               = 2.3749 cm

Thus, volume of copper sphere,

V = 4/3 π r³

V =  4/3 π (2.3749 cm)³

V = 56.108 cm³

From the volume and given density, calculate the mass of the copper sphere:

As we know, mass = density x volume          

or, mass = 8.96 x 56.108

or, mass = 502.73 g

Now, 1 mole of copper = 63.5 g of copper = 6.022 x 10²³ copper atoms.

502.73 g of copper = (502.73 × 6.022 × 10 ²³)÷ 63.5

                                 = 47.68 x 10²³ copper atoms

Therefore, the copper sphere contains 47.68 x 10²³ copper atoms.

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No, the driver is not legally dr unk in PA.

Absorbance is a measure of how well a material absorbs light. It is a logarithmic measure of the light that is absorbed by a material, rather than the light that is reflected or transmitted. Absorbance is also known as optical density, and is represented by the unit of absorbance, the absorbance unit (AU). Absorbance is used to measure the amount of light that is absorbed by a given material, and can be used to measure the concentration of a given material in a solution.

The absorbance reading of .635 is equivalent to a blood alcohol level of 0.064%, which is lower than the legal limit of 0.08%. The absorbance reading is calculated by the formula A = εcl, where A is absorbance, ε is the molar absorptivity (3.52 cm in this case), c is the concentration (0.064% in this case), and l is the path length (1 cm in this case).

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NaCl is more reactive than NaBr because Cl is more electronegative than Br and it is smaller than Br, thus, can be easily attack other compounds.

NaCl is an ionic compound formed thorough the electrons loss from the metallic sodium to chlorine. Sodium  has one valence electron which can be easily lost to electronegative non-metals such as halogens.

Halogens such as chlorine, fluorine etc. are highly electronegative and easily gain one electrons from metals. The electronegativity of atoms decreases down a group. Thus, F is much more electronegative than Cl which is more electronegative than Br than I.

NaBr is an ionic compound similar to NaCl. However, Br is bigger in size and less electronegative than Cl that's why it is chemically less reactive in comparison to NaCl.

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The container is represented by 2 O2 molecules and 4 H2O molecules once the reaction has completed.

The lowest unit of any substance that is made up with one or more atoms and has the ability to exist on its own while keeping all of the material's chemical and physical properties is called a molecule. Within molecules, more atom division takes place. For instance, the atom and molecule of oxygen are represented by the letters O and O2, respectively.

The collection of atoms that arises from the establishment of covalent bonds is referred to as a molecule. Therefore, we may assert that the most fundamental part of a covalent compound is even a molecule.

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The average molar mass and interaction parameter constant is 23.4g and  1.8746 respectively.

The following is an example of an osmotic pressure equation that was discovered by Dutch chemist Jacobus to exist in a quantitative relationship between osmotic pressure and solute concentration.

Where,.

It is crucial to remember that the derived Osmotic Pressure equation only applies to solutions that behave exactly like ideal solutions. Because pure water has no osmotic pressure.

B = ln [p1/ (1-p1)] / (1 - 2p1) = ln [p1- ln (1-p1)] / (1 - 2p1)

T=22 +273K=295K

p1=0.867, p2=1.05

B=1.8746

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Answer: [tex][B]=16 \text{ M}[/tex]

Explanation:

[tex]K_c=\frac{[B]}{[A]}\\\\7.0=\frac{[B]}{2.3 \text{ M}} \\ \\[/tex]

[tex][B]=16 \text{ M}[/tex]

a. The biggest concerns at fracking sites are groundwater contamination, air pollution, and water contamination brought on by the toxic chemicals employed in hydraulic fracturing.

Large land areas are needed for fracking operations, which affects wildlife and ruins habitat.

Pollutants such as spent (used) reactor fuel, uranium mill tailings, and other radioactive wastes are the main environmental issue with nuclear power.These substances have lengthy radioactive half-lives and can endanger human health for tens of thousands of years.

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