The common function of leaves are: water storage, energy transportation water transportation and energy synthesis.
Describe the function of leaves.The main function of leaves is to produce food for plants through photosynthesis. Chlorophyll, the substance that gives plants their unique green color, absorbs light energy. The internal structure of the leaf is protected by the stem epidermis and the continuous leaf epidermis. The central sheet or mesophyll is composed of soft-walled, unspecialized cells of a type known as the parenchyma. Up to one-fifth of the mesophyll consists of chlorophyll-containing chloroplasts that absorb sunlight and, in combination with specific enzymes, use radiant energy to break down water into its elements hydrogen and oxygen. . Oxygen released by green leaves replaces oxygen removed from the atmosphere by respiration and combustion of plants and animals. Hydrogen obtained from water combines with carbon dioxide in the enzymatic process of photosynthesis to form sugars that form the basis of plant and animal life. Oxygen is released into the atmosphere through stomata (stomata on the leaf surface).
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explain why cells are so small. Please include the words "surface area to volume ratio."
I just need a small explanation
Answer:
Explanation:
Cells are small because of the surface area-to-volume ratio. This ratio refers to the relationship between the surface area of an object and its volume. In the case of cells, a smaller size means a greater surface area to volume ratio. This is important because the surface area of a cell is where important biological processes, such as the exchange of oxygen and nutrients, take place. A greater surface area to volume ratio means that these processes can be more efficient, allowing the cell to function properly. Additionally, a smaller size allows cells to be more agile and move more easily within the body. Overall, the small size of cells is important for their function and survival.
Activated helper T-lymphocytes produce cytokines, which may stimulate B-lymphocytes to proliferate and differentiate into plasma cells capable of producing antibodies. TRUE/FALSE
TRUE : Cytokines produced by activated helper T-lymphocytes may encourage B-lymphocyte proliferation and differentiation into plasma cells capable of generating antibodies.
Which types of cells can produce antibodies?A type of white blood cell called a lymphocyte is a component of the immune system.B cells and T cells are the two primary subtypes of lymphocytes.Antibodies made by B cells are utilized to combat foreign bacteria, viruses, and poisons.After B-lymphocytes differentiate into plasma cells, they begin to generate antibodies.the B lymphocytes To defend your body from a particular invader, the acquired immune system produces special proteins (known as antibodies) with assistance from the innate immune system.After the body has been exposed to the invader, B lymphocytes produce these antibodies.To learn more about capable of producing antibodies refer to:
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Describe five ways in which you unnecessarily waste energy during a typical day.
Answer:
1/ Leaving the Lights On
2/ Leaving electronics plug
3/ Forgot to close Refrigerator
4/ Forgot to shut the water
5/ Washing Clothes in Hot Water
Explanation: There are a lot more ways, but this is the most common I see in my life!
which one of the options by itself does not possess the ability to synthesize its own proteins?
a. a virusb. a human cell, a virus, and a bacterial cellc. a viral particle and a bacterial celld. a human celle. a bacterial cell
The option that does not possess the ability to synthesize its own protein is: a virus.
Proteins are the biomolecules that are necessary for the living body to perform multiple functions. A protein is polymers made up of amino acid monomers. The functions that proteins can perform are varying like: signaling, enzymatic, transport, structural, etc.
Viruses are the acellular components. They are called acellular because they do not follow the cell theory. Viruses do not function outside any living body. However once inside any living host, they exhibit the potential to takeover the machinery of the cell they are present in and synthesize their own viral particles or proteins.
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What is the function/job of the digestive and respiratory systems?
Answer: The digestive system is responsible for breaking down food and absorbing nutrients from it, while the respiratory system is responsible for bringing oxygen into the body and removing carbon dioxide.
Explanation:
The digestive system consists of a number of organs that work together to process food and extract nutrients from it. These organs include the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and rectum. The digestive system starts with the mouth, where food is mechanically broken down by chewing and mixed with saliva, which contains enzymes that begin the process of breaking down food. The food is then swallowed and passes through the esophagus, which moves it to the stomach, where it is mixed with stomach acid and enzymes that continue the process of breaking down the food. The partially digested food is then moved to the small intestine, where it is further broken down and the nutrients are absorbed into the bloodstream. The remaining indigestible material is moved to the large intestine, where water is absorbed and the material is eliminated through the rectum.
The respiratory system consists of the nose, mouth, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs. When we inhale, air passes through the nose or mouth, down the pharynx and larynx, and into the trachea. The trachea then splits into two bronchi, which lead to the left and right lungs. The lungs are made up of tiny air sacs called alveoli, where oxygen from the air we inhale is exchanged with carbon dioxide from the body's cells. The oxygen-rich blood is then carried back to the heart, where it is pumped to the rest of the body. When we exhale, the carbon dioxide is expelled from the body.
A group of organisms that can breed and produce fertile offspring is known as a ...
A group of organisms that can breed and produce fertile offspring is known as a species.
A species, according to the most widely used definition, is a group of organisms that can potentially interbreed, or mate, with one another to produce viable, fertile offspring. A group of organisms must produce healthy, fertile offspring when they interbreed in order to be considered a single species in the biological species concept. In some cases, organisms from different species can mate and have healthy offspring, but the offspring are infertile and unable to reproduce.
For example, when a female horse and a male donkey mate, they produce hybrid offspring known as mules. Although a mule is perfectly healthy and can live a long life, it is infertile and cannot have its own offspring. As a result, we regard horses and donkeys as distinct species.
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During the winter, this species of fox has white fur, but in the summer, it has brown fur. what environmental change may have lead to this fox's fur color? snow cover increase in sun’s brightness volcanic eruption global warming
The Arctic Fox changes to a frostier white colour in the winter, whereas foxes in Canada and Alaska change to a pale white colour during the same season.
In the summer, Arctic Foxes are brownish grey, but in the winter, they become a frosty white tint. Their Canadian and Alaskan brothers, in contrast to the Arctic Fox, have a slightly different color. In the summer, they are slate grey, and in the winter, they only become a slightly paler whiter color.
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Answer: snow cover
Explanation: took the test. very late answer too.
In which type of reaction does a substance break down into its
components?
O decomposition
Oall reactions involve breaking down substances
O combustion
O acid-base
Answer:
yoyoyoyo
Explanation:
The current level of folic acid fortification of grain products leads to an intake of about 100 extra micrograms of folic acid per day. Why doesn’t the fortification program mandate higher levels of folic acid to more effectively meet requirements?.
The amount of folic acid added to grain products at this time results in an additional daily consumption of roughly 100 micrograms. Because too much folic acid might conceal a vitamin B-12 deficiency, the fortification programme does not need greater doses of folic acid.
Malabsorption of food-bound vitamin B12 is the most frequent cause of vitamin B12 deficiencyin elderly individuals. Therefore, it is advised that the 2.4 microg/d recommended daily requirement be predominantly reached by crystalline vitamin B12, which is thought to be well absorbed in people with food-bound malabsorption.
There is worry that increased folic acid intakes from fortified foods and nutritional supplements might conceal the macrocytic anaemia caused by vitamin B12 deficiency, obviating a crucial diagnostic indicator.
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a brown guinea pig is crossed to a cream guinea pig. half the large number of f1 offspring are brown and half are charcoal. what was the genotype of the parents?
White coat color is a recessive trait in guinea pigs, genotype whereas black coat color is a dominant characteristic. when black pigs that are heterozygous are crossed.
Why are cream-colored offspring created when yellow guinea pigs YY and white guinea pigs WW are crossed?The traits of these two alleles are combined in a heterozygote when they are both present. This is why a yellow and white guinea pig is crossed to produce a cream colored offspring since cream is a combination of yellow and white.
Why did all guinea pigs in the f1 generation have black skin?The parent guinea pigs are black because the dominant allele for a black coat. But what if one of their descendants carries both of the brown recessive allele.
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What were two factors that contributed to the end of the open range on the western frontier?
Answer: Barbed wire and windmills.
Explanation: Barbed wire and windmills brought about the closing of the once open range, ended the great trail driving era, and allowed ranchers to improve their land.
Which of the following is completed during "seeing the scene?" Evidence is marked O Evidence is collected Evidence is analyzed O Evidence is photographed GAR
Answer:
Evidence is photographed GAR
Explanation:
Crime scene examiners see the scene. Photos of overall area and close ups should be taken. Triangulation of stationary objects should be included in the photos as reference points. View should be taken at different angles and distances, close ups of evidence and bodies should be taken.
what are some of the ways that your choices can affect the way your body self-regulates appetite and satiety via the production of ghrelin and leptin? (choose all that apply)
A hormone called leptin helps people eat less and lose weight and body fat. If you drastically reduce your calorie intake, your body will create more ghrelin than it should.
Foods that have been processed and labeled as "low-fat" can help you maintain healthy levels of ghrelin and leptin. You will experience hunger and fullness in appetite advantageous ways if you exercise enough. You can keep your ghrelin and leptin levels in check by eating a balanced diet, avoiding processed foods, and exercising regularly. Your body uses leptin primarily to help maintain a stable balance between food intake and energy expenditure (expenditure). Leptin aids in regulating energy balance and suppressing (preventing) appetite.
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which of these is a cash crop?
A. Latex
B. Cucumbers
C. Grass
D. Strawberries
Answer:
a latex
Explanation:
you could just look it up
Answer:
A. Latex
Explanation:
because all can be eaten(food crops )except latex
Since they are small and have a selective advantage over larger plants, stone walls, fences, and cracks in exposed rocks are ideal microhabitats for.
Mosses are very tiny and they can be a habitat in stone walls, fences, and cracks in exposed rocks which are ideal microhabitats
All around the world, mosses can be found in wet, shaded environments, with the exception of saline water. The species that cover woodland and forest floors are the ones for which they are most known. In terms of ecology, mosses erode exposed substrates, liberating nutrients that later-emerging, more sophisticated plants can utilise. Additionally, they play a crucial role in the nitrogen and water economy of various vegetation types
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3.
What can you infer about the structure of DNA using the information in this model? Think
about the Building DNA GIZMO that we did in class. Which statement is TRUE about the
structure of DNA?
This figure shows a section of a double-stranded DNA molecule
The numbers of each nucleotide determine genetic information.
O Paired nucleotides are held together by covalent bonds
ODNA has two strands and each is made up of a phosphate-sugar backbone
Adenine pairs with Cytosine and Guanine pairs with Thymine
Answer: DNA has two strands and each is made up of a phosphate-sugar backbone
Explanation:
DNA is double stranded. The backbone of each strand consists of phosphate groups bound to ribose sugars.
Adenine pairs with Thymine A - T
Cytosine pairs with Guanine G - C
The nucleotides in DNA are held together by hydrogen bonds not covalent.
What type of body symmetry do animals in phyla Platyhelminthes, Annelida, and Nematoda have?
-bilateral symmetry
-radial symmetry
-asymmetry and radial symmetry
-asymmetry
Phyla Platyhelminthes, Annelida, and Nematoda have bilateral symmetry.
What is symmetry?
A property of some organisms in biology known as symmetry is the uniformity of parts on a plane or around an axis. A symmetrical creature would have an even distribution of duplicate parts on either side of the axis (indicating symmetry). It could not be an exact replica but rather a close repetition. Bilateral symmetry is an illustration of symmetry in living things.What is bilateral symmetry?
A type of symmetry in which the opposing sides are similar is known as bilateral symmetry. In a sagittal plane, the outside look is identical on the left and right sides (such as the body plan of most animals, including humans). An organism's body plan can be divided into equal mirror halves in the sagittal plane when it exhibits bilateral symmetry. Organs and other internal body parts may not always be symmetrical. Animals that have bilateral symmetry belong to the taxonomic group Bilaterian. These animals, which are also known as bilaterians, have left and right sides to set them apart from species with other types of symmetry (such as radial symmetry) and those without symmetry (asymmetry).Hence, Phyla Platyhelminthes, Annelida, and Nematoda have bilateral symmetry.
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which three elements are common to the reactants and the products of both photosynthesis and cellular respiration?
Hydrogen, oxygen, and carbon.
What are the components of photosynthesis and cellular respiration and what are their byproducts?In cellular respiration, the products and reactants for photosynthesis are switched around: Carbon dioxide and water, which are byproducts of cellular respiration, are the reactants in photosynthesis. Oxygen and sugar, byproducts of photosynthesis, are the reactants of cellular respiration.
What are the similarities between photosynthesis and cellular respiration?The majority of life on Earth depends on two biological processes: photosynthesis and cellular respiration. Both of these processes utilize a number of similar chemicals, including oxygen (O2), carbon dioxide (CO2), water (H2O), glucose (C6H12O6), and adenosine triphosphate, as well as other complex steps (ATP).
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Tropic hormones, or tropins, include several hormones produced by which structure?.
Answer:
The anterior pituitary
Explanation:
Most tropic hormones are produced and secreted by the anterior pituitary. The hypothalamus secretes tropic hormones that target the anterior pituitary, and the thyroid gland secretes thyroxine, which targets the hypothalamus and therefore can be considered a tropic hormone.
In general, an organism will be more likely to develop phobias of __________. A. Dangers faced during natural circumstancesb. Unnatural modern inventions, like carsc. Easily understood forces and pressuresd. Dangers encountered in dreams and visions.
An organism is more likely to develop phobias when presented with threats in their environment.
Exists phobophobia?The fear of being terrified is phobia. You may be afraid of the bodily signs of fear or concerned that you might acquire a phobia. Many individuals who suffer from phobias also have additional phobias or mental health issues.
Who is afraid of bananas?Banana phobia is a rare condition that affects a small number of people worldwide. Most cases start in childhood when a child is forced to eat bananas to the point of experiencing nausea or vomiting by their parents or other caregivers.
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explain why lithium mixed with potassium is stronger than pure lithium
Lithium when mixed with potassium is stronger than pure lithium because the tendency to lose electrons is greater in potassium than that in lithium.
The reason behind this phenomenon is that potassium contains more loosely bonded valence electrons in comparison with lithium alone. If we talk about more direct reactions, potassium reacts more aggressively than lithium alone. The outer electron of potassium is far away from the positive magnetism of the nucleus in comparison to lithium so potassium show high reactivity.
Another reason to sum up potassium in front of lithium is that its ionizing enthalpy (amount of energy to remove an electron from an isolated gaseous atom in its gaseous state) is minimum in comparison to lithium.
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How do these structures function in the inheritance of traits?
Your genes store inherited characteristics. These genes are passed down from parents to children, who then pass them on to their offspring, and so forth.
What is the method of passing traits down?How are hereditary traits transmitted? Your genes store inherited characteristics. These genes are passed down from parents to children, who then pass them on to their offspring, and so forth. DNA, which stands for "deoxyribonucleic acid," is the chemical compound that houses this genetic data.
What characteristics are influenced by the DNA's structure?Gene expression ultimately controls how an organism behaves. Protein synthesis and other cellular processes enable gene expression, which in turn controls structure, metabolism, and other factors.
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the goal of psychodynamic therapy is to help the client become aware of conflicts that may be creating problems for them.
The goals of psychodynamic therapy are client self-awareness and understanding of the influence of the past on present behavior.
Primary goal of psychodynamic psychotherapy is to make the unconscious in to conscious state. During the psychodynamic session, the therapist reads a word aloud and the patient responds with the first word that comes into his mind.
Psychodynamic therapy, therapists help people survey emotions, thoughts, early life experiences and beliefs to gain insight into their lives and the problems that they are dealing presently .They also gain knowledge about the psychological patterns they have developed over time.
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Chains of nucleic acids have directionality and are read in a certain way just like languages are read from "left to right" or "right to left."
dna is always read in the___direction, whereas rna is read in the____direction.
DNA is always read in the direction 3' to 5', whereas RNA is read in the 5' to 3' direction.
RNA polymerase are responsible for synthesizing RNA strand complementary to a template DNA strand. They use to synthesizes the RNA strand in the 5' to 3' direction, while reading the template DNA strand in the 3' to 5' direction.
On the other hand DNA is always synthesized in the 5'-to-3' direction, That means that nucleotides are added only to the 3' end of the growing strand. 5'-phosphate group of the new nucleotide binds to the 3'-OH group of the last nucleotide of the growing strand.
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what anatomical features do neandertals have that support the hypothesis that they are specifically adapted to cold climates?
The Neanderthals were a tolerant of the cold. Similar to their face characteristics, Neanderthals' bodily proportions varied. They did, however, have large chests and relatively small lower limb extremities compared to their upper arms and legs. They must have had enormous, well-muscled arms and legs.
How did Neanderthals most likely adapt to their environment?Neanderthal populations were versatile, living in warm temperate forests approximately 120,000 years ago in Spain and Italy and in chilly steppe settings in England and Siberia about 60,000 years ago.
They could have been able to warm up and inhale more air because to their big nasal aperture. Their small limbs probably assisted them in retaining body heat. Since the last common ancestor of humans and neanderthals, skeletal variations are the consequence of adaptations.
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Describe three ways that communities can conserve their freshwater resources.
The freshwater needs of both people and ecosystems are to practice water conservation.
What are one-way humans can conserve freshwater?
freshwater recycles plastics, glass, metals, and paper. Buy recyclable products rather than throw-aways, as it takes water to make almost all. Turn off the tap while stroking your teeth and washing the dishes. Shave a minute or two off your shower time.
Farmers can play a main role in water management by using a water conservancy method for irrigation known as drip irrigation. In this technique, plants are watered using small tubes, and this water is directly brought to the base of the plant.
So we can conclude that The most practical solution is reusing and recycling freshwater.
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Answer:
They say:
Educate to change consumption and lifestyles.Invent new water conservation technologies.Recycle wastewater.Improve irrigation and agricultural practices.Appropriately priced water.Develop energy-efficient desalination plants.Improve water catchment and harvesting.
Which mutation could be passed on to future generations?
A. A nerve cell has an adenine substituted for a guanine base on one of its chromosomes
B. A strand of mRNA has a mistake in it that was not in the original DNA strand
C. A sperm cell has an extra nucleotide on chromosome 23 that was not in the parent cell
D. A strand of replicated DNA in a liver cell has a mistake on it that wasn’t in the original DNA strand
The mutation that could be passed on to future generations is option C, in which a sperm cell has an extra nucleotide on chromosome 23 that was not in the parent cell.
Mutations are changes to the genetic material of a cell that can potentially be passed on to future generations. These changes can occur in the DNA of an organism's cells, as well as in the RNA molecules that are transcribed from DNA.
In option A, a nerve cell has an adenine substituted for a guanine base on one of its chromosomes. This is an example of a point mutation, in which a single nucleotide is changed within a strand of DNA. However, this mutation is not likely to be passed on to future generations, as it occurred in a nerve cell rather than in a reproductive cell.
In option B, a strand of mRNA has a mistake in it that was not in the original DNA strand. This is an example of a transcription error, in which a mistake is made during the process of transcribing DNA into RNA. However, this mutation is also not likely to be passed on to future generations, as it occurred in an RNA molecule rather than in DNA.
In option C, a sperm cell has an extra nucleotide on chromosome 23 that was not in the parent cell. This is an example of a chromosomal mutation, in which a change occurs in the structure or number of chromosomes in a cell. Because this mutation occurred in a sperm cell, it has the potential to be passed on to future generations through sexual reproduction.
In option D, a strand of replicated DNA in a liver cell has a mistake on it that wasn’t in the original DNA strand. This is an example of a replication error, in which a mistake is made during the process of copying DNA strands. However, like options A and B, this mutation is not likely to be passed on to future generations
Compare and contrast local anesthetics, some general anesthetics, and botulinum neurotoxin in terms of the effect they have on neuron excitability and function
Local block on the postsynaptic side generally just blocks all channels botulinum doesn't affect action potential but does affect what goes through the cell.
Local anesthetics stop nerves in parts of the body that send signals to the brain. You won't feel any pain after the local anesthesia, but you may feel some pressure or movement. It usually takes only a few minutes for the area where the local anesthetic is administered to lose sensation.
Local anesthetics such as novocaine block neurotransmission to pain centers in the central nervous system by binding to and inhibiting the function of ion channels in the cell membranes of nerve cells called sodium channels. Local anesthetics can block the transmission of nerve impulses along all types of nerve fibers.
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micro which of the following methods of action would be bacteriostatic? a) competitive inhibition with folic acid synthesis b) inhibition of protein synthesis c) injury to plasma membrane d) inhibition of cell wall synthesis e) competitive inhibition with dna gyrase
Bacteriostatic action would be inhibited protein synthesis.
A bacteriostatic agent, also known as a bacteriostat, is a biological or chemical agent that prevents bacteria from reproducing while not necessarily killing them. Bacteriostatic antibiotics, disinfectants, antiseptics, and preservatives can be distinguished based on their application. Bacteriocidal methods include heat, filtration, radiation, and chemical exposure. Heat sterilisation is a widely used method in microbiology laboratories.
Microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, and yeast are incinerated by the dry heat of an open flame. Tetracyclines and gly-cylcyclines, chloramphenicol, macrolides and ketolides, lincosamides, streptogramins ,oxazolidinones, and aminocyclitols are bacteriostatic protein-synthesis inhibitors that target the ribosome. Bacteriostatic antibiotics inhibit bacterial growth by interfering with protein production, DNA replication, and other aspects of bacterial cellular metabolism.
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The sequence of nucleotides in a single strand of DNA is shown. TGA - GTG - AAT - CAT. Which of the following represents the complementary DNA strand?
CAG ACA GGC TGC
ACU CAC UUA GUA
ACT CAC TTA GTA
GTC TGT CCG ACG
Need help ASAP!!!
Correct Answer is -ACT CAC TTA GTA (3 OPTION ).
As DNA Govern complementary base pairing
What is DNA?
DNA- deoxyribonucleic acid - Is the genetic material, at least for the majority of organism.
-- DNA is a long polymer of deoxyribonucleotides.
In the Above Question we have given Nitrogen bases and We need to find the Nitrogen bases in the complementary strand.
What is Nitrogen Bases?
--Nitrogenous compounds that form an important part of the nucleotides. Nucleotides are building blocks of DNA and RNA that are composed of a sugar, nitrogenous base and a phosphate group.
There are two types of nitrogenous bases
(a) Purine (Adenine and Guanine )
(b) Pyrimidine ( Cytosine and Thymine).
All Nitrogenous bases are joined by Hydrogen Bond.( Adenine with Thymine and Guanine with Cytosine).
What is complementary Base pairings?
Within a molecule of DNA, pairs of bases are chemically bonded together by hydrogen bonds.
In above questions we Have given bases of one strand i.e. TGA GTG AAT CAT
As we known it goven complementary base pairing so according to bases on another strand is ACT CAC TTA GTA.
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