What were the causes and effects of China’s economic revolution?
Answer:n 1978, after years of state control of all productive assets, the government of China embarked on a major program of economic reform. In an effort to awaken a dormant economic giant, it encouraged the formation of rural enterprises and private businesses, liberalized foreign trade and investment, relaxed state control over some prices, and invested in industrial production and the education of its workforce. By nearly all accounts, the strategy has worked spectacularly.
While pre-1978 China had seen annual growth of 6 percent a year (with some painful ups and downs along the way), post-1978 China saw average real growth of more than 9 percent a year with fewer and less painful ups and downs. In several peak years, the economy grew more than 13 percent. Per capita income has nearly quadrupled in the last 15 years, and a few analysts are even predicting that the Chinese economy will be larger than that of the United States in about 20 years. Such growth compares very favorably to that of the "Asian tigers"--Hong Kong, Korea, Singapore, and Taiwan Province of China--which, as a group, had an average growth rate of 7-8 percent over the last 15 years.
Curious about why China has done so well, an IMF research team recently examined the sources of that nation's growth and arrived at a surprising conclusion. Although capital accumulation--the growth in the country's stock of capital assets, such as new factories, manufacturing machinery, and communications systems--was important, as were the number of Chinese workers, a sharp, sustained increase in productivity (that is, increased worker efficiency) was the driving force behind the economic boom. During 1979-94 productivity gains accounted for more than 42 percent of China's growth and by the early 1990s had overtaken capital as the most significant source of that growth. This marks a departure from the traditional view of development in which capital investment takes the lead. This jump in productivity originated in the economic reforms begun in 1978.
Explanation:
How do the different climates influence land us in India
India is suffering from some of the most severe effects of the climate catastrophe, from heat waves decimating crop output to torrential rains producing flooding that submerges entire communities. India only contributes about 7% of global emissions while making up little more than 17% of the world's population.
What about climate?India can be broken down into many climate-related regions. The majority of the interior of the country experiences a tropical climate that is a mix of wet and dry conditions. A humid tropical climate prevails in the northern regions, whereas wet tropical regions can be found on the western coast. India has four different climatic categories. These include the winter season (cold weather season), the summer season (hot weather season), the rainy season (southwest monsoon season), and the retreating monsoon season. This category includes the tropical monsoon climate and the tropical wet and dry climate, both of which are found in India.To learn more about climate, refer to:
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Document 4 Christians Determined
1. After reading and analyzing texts about the Zealots
and Blandina, provide evidence that illustrates
(explains) their viewpoints about Christianity. Use
specific examples in your analysis.
Christianity, less commonly referred to as Christianism, is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth.
Christianity is based on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth. It is the world's largest and most widespread religion with roughly 2.4 billion followers representing one-third of the global population.
Its adherents, known as Christians, are estimated to make up a majority of the population in 157 countries and territories, and believe that Jesus is the Son of God, whose coming as the Messiah was prophesied in the Hebrew Bible called the Old Testament in Christianity and chronicled in the New Testament.
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true or false medical anthropology is a narrow field, and remains separate from other anthropological subfields.
Answer: False
Explanation:
Medical anthropology is a broad field of anthropology that examines the ways in which culture, society, and biology shape health and illness. It is closely related to other subfields of anthropology, including cultural anthropology, biological anthropology, and archaeology, and often draws upon insights and methods from these fields.
please write a minimum of 8 sentences explaining why the source shown in the image goes against the new deal.
Answer: Brainliest?
Explanation:
The source shown in the image goes against the New Deal for several reasons:
The source depicts a man labeled as "big business" standing over a small man labeled as "taxpayer." This image implies that big business has more power and influence than the common taxpayer, which goes against the New Deal's efforts to redistribute power and wealth more evenly throughout society.
The caption "Can you spare a dime?" implies that the small taxpayer is asking for a handout from big business, which goes against the New Deal's emphasis on providing social welfare programs such as Social Security, unemployment insurance, and minimum wage laws to protect workers and ensure they receive fair pay.
The image's use of the word "dole" also implies that the small taxpayer is asking for a handout, which goes against the New Deal's goal of providing a safety net for those who are struggling and need assistance.
The image's depiction of big business as a large, menacing figure and the small taxpayer as a weak and powerless figure reinforces the idea that the wealthy and powerful are the only ones who can provide assistance, which goes against the New Deal's emphasis on government intervention and public programs to address social and economic issues.
The image also implies that the government is not capable of providing assistance to the small taxpayer, which goes against the New Deal's efforts to expand the role of government in providing social welfare programs and regulating the economy.
The use of the term "cure-all" suggests that the New Deal's programs were seen as a panacea that could solve all social and economic problems, which is a misrepresentation of the New Deal's goals and achievements.
The image implies that the New Deal's programs were ineffective and a waste of taxpayer money, which is a misrepresentation of the New Deal's successes in providing relief, recovery, and reform during the Great Depression.
Overall, the image reinforces negative stereotypes about government intervention and social welfare programs, which goes against the New Deal's efforts to promote social and economic justice for all Americans.
Explain the consequences of World War II and the Holocaust on the United States and the world.
Answer:
The consequences of World War II and the Holocaust were far-reaching, with the United States emerging as a superpower and the world undergoing significant political, economic, and social changes. The Holocaust also led to increased awareness of human rights violations and the need for international cooperation to prevent such atrocities from happening again.
Explanation:
Answer:
World War II and the Holocaust had far-reaching consequences on the United States and the world. The war itself resulted in the loss of millions of lives and massive destruction of cities and infrastructure, leaving a trail of devastation and trauma that would last for generations. The Holocaust, in particular, was a horrific event in which millions of Jews and other minority groups were systematically murdered by the Nazi regime.
One of the most significant consequences of World War II was the rise of the United States as a superpower. With the destruction of European powers, the U.S. emerged as the dominant economic and military force in the world, leading to the establishment of the United Nations and the start of the Cold War. The war also prompted significant advancements in technology and medicine, with innovations such as jet engines, radar, and penicillin having been developed during the war.
However, the war also had a profound impact on the U.S. domestically. The country experienced an economic boom during the war as industries shifted to wartime production, but there were also significant social changes. Women and minority groups were allowed to enter the workforce in larger numbers, and the war ultimately paved the way for the civil rights movement and the feminist movement.
The Holocaust, on the other hand, led to the formation of the state of Israel and a renewed commitment to human rights and the prevention of genocide. The Nuremberg Trials, which brought Nazi leaders to justice for their crimes, set a precedent for international criminal law and the prosecution of war crimes and crimes against humanity.
Overall, World War II and the Holocaust had a profound impact on the world, shaping political, economic, and social developments for years to come. The lessons learned from these events continue to inform global politics and human rights activism today.
Explanation:
Mondroe - jakson
What terms DO NOT belong in this era? What is the CORRECT era for the term?
Monroe Jackson Rathbone II was an American finance manager who filled in as the executive, president, and Chief of Standard Oil of New Jersey, presently known as the Exxon Partnership, from Walk 1, 1900, until August 2, 1976.
Monroe Jackson joined Standard Oil of New Jersey in 1921 while filling in as a plan engineer at Standard Oil of Louisiana's Cudgel Rouge office. In 1923, he got an advancement to trial engineer and moved to the tasks division of Louisiana Standard. In 1924,
he was made Chief general administrator's colleague. In 1926, he advanced to the jobs of VP, colleague senior supervisor, and general director. In 1944,
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compare the interests of the united states and the soviet union to identify the causes of the cold war;
help me please i need your help please
This fill in the gap prompt about history of Europe is given as follows.
What is the completed Sentence?02. For centuries mst people in Europe had lived in the COUNTRYSIDE.
By the 1800s, more and more people lived in CITIES where they had come to find jobs.
03. Areas of poverty and poor housing in European cities are called SLUMS. a person in a city could expect to live FEWER years. In the countryside, a person could expect to live LONGER years.
04. Working conditions were also bad. The average worker spent LONG hours a day on the job, days a week. Many workers were killed or seriously injured in accidents.
05. What social class of people did skilled workers, professionals, business people, and wealthy farmers make up the UPPER CLASS.
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Some opponents of President Roosevelt's New Deal programs raised concerns that the programs:
A. Didn't do enough to help people living in poverty.
B. Were not working quickly enough to be effective.
C. Singled out certain segments of the population.
D. Were not administered fairly by the government.
Answer:
Its A
Explanation:
just did the test
Which is the last step in the problem-solving process?
gathering information
evaluating the solution
considering options
weighing disadvantages
9. What is Justice Black's argument about discipline? How is it relevant to the ruling?
Answer: Justice Black believes that schools should act like parents while students are in school. His argument is that if we let few students do what they want they will eventually defy everything that the school wants.
Explanation: I'm right that's the only answer.
Why would a wealthy business owner oppose socialism?
A wealthy business owner may oppose socialism because socialism is a political and economic system that aims to redistribute wealth and resources more equally among all members of society.
This means that under a socialist system, individuals or businesses that have accumulated significant wealth and resources may be required to share or give up some of their wealth to support the needs of the broader community. As a result, a wealthy business owner who has worked hard to accumulate their wealth may feel that socialism undermines their efforts and diminishes the incentive to work hard and innovate. Additionally, some business owners may believe that socialism leads to inefficiencies, stifles innovation and creativity, and ultimately harms economic growth.
Furthermore, some wealthy business owners may view socialism as a threat to their individual freedoms and property rights, as it often involves increased government intervention in the economy and greater regulation of private enterprise. They may argue that a free market system with minimal government intervention is a better approach to promoting economic growth and individual liberty.
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From Truman’s perspective, why might the events in Korea have consequences elsewhere in the Pacific region?
The government of Nazi Germany used terror to control the population.
Which details would provide helpful factual support to this statement? Select all that apply.
the name of the head of the Gestapo
the types of uniforms worn by the Gestapo
the tactics used by the secret police
the reasons why certain citizens were targeted
the number of people imprisoned or executed as political prisoners
The tactics used by the secret police would provide helpful factual support to this statement.
What is statement?A statement is a declaration or expression of opinion, belief, or position. It is a sentence or group of sentences that express an idea, thought, or opinion in a clear and concise way. It is a form of communication used to convey information or facts. Statements can be used to explain, argue, or persuade. They can be used in the form of a question, statement, or declaration. For example, a statement can be used to explain a concept or idea, argue a point of view, or persuade someone to take a certain action. Statements can also be used to inform, warn, or remind people of something. Statements can be formal or informal and can be written or spoken.
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How might Kennedy and Khrushchev's different objectives help explain how both men could look at the same historical event (the Bay of Pigs invasion) and yet come to such opposite conclusions about it?
Answer:
President John F. Kennedy and Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev had vastly different objectives and priorities, which influenced their interpretations of the Bay of Pigs invasion.
Kennedy's primary objective was to prevent the spread of communism and to establish the United States as the world leader in the fight against it. He believed that the Bay of Pigs invasion would help achieve this objective by overthrowing the communist regime of Fidel Castro in Cuba. However, the invasion failed, and Kennedy's administration was widely criticized for its role in the operation.
Khrushchev, on the other hand, saw the Bay of Pigs invasion as an opportunity to strengthen Soviet influence in Cuba and undermine American attempts to remove Castro from power. The Soviet Union had been providing military and economic assistance to Cuba, and Khrushchev saw the failed invasion as evidence that the United States was unable to carry out its objectives in the region.
As a result of their different objectives, Kennedy and Khrushchev had very different interpretations of the Bay of Pigs invasion. Kennedy viewed it as a setback in the fight against communism, while Khrushchev saw it as a victory for the Soviet Union and a sign of American weakness. This demonstrates how different perspectives and objectives can lead to vastly different interpretations of the same historical event.
25. What is the underlying principle of Confucius?
The underlying principle of Confucius is the idea of "Ren", which means benevolence, compassion, and humanity. Confucius believed that this principle should guide all relationships and interactions between people, and that it was essential for creating a harmonious and just society.
The core principle of Confucius's teachings is "Ren," encompassing benevolence, compassion, and humanity. According to Confucius, Ren should serve as the guiding force in all human relationships and interactions. He emphasized that practicing Ren was crucial for establishing a harmonious and equitable society. Confucius advocated for individuals to cultivate inner virtue and moral character to manifest Ren in their behavior. By treating others with kindness, empathy, and respect, people could foster mutual understanding and cooperation, thereby promoting social harmony. Through the embodiment of Ren, Confucius believed that individuals could contribute to a just and flourishing society, built upon compassion and shared values.
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how did the geopolitical rivalry among european powers in the eighteenth century undermine their colonial empires?
The geopolitical rivalry among European powers in the 18th century had detrimental effects on their colonial empires as it weakened the control and authority of European powers, eroding their colonial grip and contributing to the eventual decline and loss of their overseas territories.
How did the geopolitical rivalry among European powers undermine their colonial empires?The geopolitical rivalry among European powers undermined their colonial empires in the following ways:
Wars and conflicts in Europe diverted resources from colonies, strained economies through increased taxes and trade restrictions, and undermined credibility with colonists. Political instability arose from interference in local politics, leading to revolts and uprisings. Rising nationalism among colonists fueled aspirations for self-governance, challenging European rule.Thus, the geopolitical rivalry among European powers in the 18th century undermined their colonial empires by diverting resources, straining economies, eroding credibility, fueling political instability, and igniting rising nationalism among colonists.
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The geopolitical rivalry among European powers in the 18th century had detrimental effects on their colonial empires as it weakened the control and authority of European powers, eroding their colonial grip and contributing to the eventual decline and loss of their overseas territories.
How did the geopolitical rivalry among European powers undermine their colonial empires?The geopolitical rivalry among European powers undermined their colonial empires in the following ways:
Wars and conflicts in Europe diverted resources from colonies, strained economies through increased taxes and trade restrictions, and undermined credibility with colonists. Political instability arose from interference in local politics, leading to revolts and uprisings. Rising nationalism among colonists fueled aspirations for self-governance, challenging European rule.Thus, the geopolitical rivalry among European powers in the 18th century undermined their colonial empires by diverting resources, straining economies, eroding credibility, fueling political instability, and igniting rising nationalism among colonists.
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Which difference do you notice between the territory under the tang dynasty and the later song dynasty
A difference between the territories governed by the Tang Dynasty and those ruled under the later Song Dynasty was
their extent of territorial dominion and progression.Comparison of the two dynastiesUnder Tang rule (618-907), it established itself as a major conqueror with its colossal military conquest initiatives. It stood at its pinnacle when it was in command over an extensive domain comprising not solely China, but also encompassing considerable swathes of Central Asia such as present-day Xinjiang, Tibet, and Mongolia.
Contrary to that, during the Song Dynasty (960-1279), a turning point came when some prior ruling domains were returned or reduced territorially. Correspondingly the early reigns witnessed the northern provinces and parts of contemporary Jianxieng and Inner Mongolia being severed from their hold by the Liao Dynasty (907-1125) or later by Jin Dynasty(1115-1234).
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Which sentence supports the conclusion that Abraham Lincoln wanted to end slavery?
A. Once in office, he spoke out against slavery.
B. In 1847, Lincoln was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives.
C. The bill didn't pass, but it prepared the way for later anti-slavery legislation.
D. Lincoln lost the election, but the race made him much better known.
can someone please help answer b and c? Thank you!
One specific historical event or development during the period 1948 to 1980 that could be used to support MLK's interpretation is the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964.
One specific historical event or development during the period 1948 to 1980 that could be used to support Brown's interpretation is the rise of the conservative movement in the United States during the 1960s and 1970s.
How do these historical events compare ?Civil Rights Act of 1964 outlawed discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin and provided federal enforcement mechanisms for its provisions. The act was a major victory for the civil rights movement and demonstrated a significant shift in public opinion towards ending racial segregation and discrimination.
Conservative movement was characterized by a rejection of liberal policies and a desire to return to traditional values, was motivated in part by a backlash against the gains of the civil rights movement. Brown's interpretation of the civil rights movement as a threat to individual liberty would have resonated with many conservatives during this time period.
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Examine the Chart Below:
What conclusion is supported by the table?
Source: National Park Service
A.The Confederacy had a larger army and greater number of weapons than the Union
B. The Union had greater ability to move troops and supplies than the Confederacy
C. The Confederacy had greater number of factories that employed the majority of its citizens
D. The Union had a larger number of enslaved people that could work in the factories
The correct answer is B) The Union had a greater ability to move troops and supplies than the Confederacy.
Why did the Union have more resources than the Confederates?The states that belonged to the Union were more industrialized than the Confederacy.
The reason why is that the northern states had many factories and industries that produced war supplies and weapons and more resources to support their troops, including transportation logistics.
The southern states were basically rural, with an economy depending on agriculture and slaves. In the southern states were the large plantations where slaves produced cash crops.
We have to say that the Confederated Army had more experience in the war due to the experienced gained during the Mexican-American War.
However, the Union's Army was better equipped because more industries in the North produced weapons and war supplies.
We conclude that the Union army had better industry and better means of transportation than the Southern army, and that represented a considerable advantage during the American Civil War.
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Why are there still fortune hunters in New Mexico looking for lost gold mines? a. The Catholic church still offers a reward for finding old mines. B. The fortune hunters are descendents of the original holders of the treasure. C. Many gold legends have been proven true over the years. D. Legends have been changed over time, making them more believable.
The correct option is option D: Legends have been changed over time, making them more believable.
Several gold tales have been handed down over time, generating a sense of excitement and adventure among treasure hunters, and there are still fortune hunters in New Mexico hunting for hidden gold mines. While some of these stories may be based on historical occurrences, many are certainly exaggerated or made up entirely.
Furthermore, the prospect of discovering lost riches may be quite alluring to certain people, regardless of whether they have any ties to the original owners of the wealth. The Catholic Church does not pay a reward for discovering old mines, and while some treasures may have descendants, this is not a key element in the ongoing interest in discovering lost gold mines.
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Please help it’s due today!!!
America has used different foreign policies throughout its history, including isolationism, imperialism, internationalism, containment, and interventionism.
What is the Foreign Policy about?According to a report by the Council on Foreign Relations, "U.S. Foreign Policy: Back to Basics," American foreign policy has evolved over time in response to domestic and international factors, such as the country's geographic position, economic interests, and ideological beliefs. For instance, after World War II, the U.S. adopted a policy of containment to counter Soviet expansionism, which led to the Cold War. In contrast, during the 1990s, the U.S. pursued a policy of engagement and enlargement, seeking to promote democracy and human rights worldwide.
However, some critics argue that American foreign policy has been inconsistent and sometimes ineffective, as illustrated by the Vietnam War and the Iraq War.
Regarding what kind of foreign policy America should use, this is a matter of debate and depends on various factors, such as national security, economic interests, and moral values. A report by the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, "American Foreign Policy for the 21st Century," argues that the U.S. should pursue a strategy of "responsible sovereignty," which emphasizes cooperation with other nations, respect for international law, and promotion of global public goods, such as climate change mitigation and pandemic response.
The report suggests that this approach would advance American interests while also contributing to global stability and prosperity. Other scholars argue for different approaches, such as a return to isolationism or a more assertive posture towards rivals like China and Russia. Ultimately, the choice of foreign policy depends on the political and social context of the U.S. and the world, as well as on the values and priorities of American citizens and policymakers.
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See text below
VOCABULARY: Foreign Policy, Isolationism, Neutrality, Imperialism, Containment, Internationalism, Expansionism, Interventionism, Spanish- American War, Savage, Partisan, Self-Government, Policy, Truman Doctrine, Communism, Cold War, Berlin Airlift, Berlin Wall, Vietnam War, Vietcong, Kuwait, Saddam Hussein
1. What kind of foreign policy has America used? To what extent was this correct? Reference at least two sources and clearly explain how American foreign policy has changed over time.
Evidence
(4/4 Scale)
1 appropriately and consistently cited evidence from 3 or more of the most relevant provided sources that synthesize learning
(3/4 Scale)
I appropriately and consistency te evidence from at least of the most relevant provided sources.
(2/4 Scale)
I cite three or less of the provided sources, or I am inconsillant or incorrect (some textual evidence, some of which may be less relevant)
(1/4 Scale)
1 use evidence from one or less sources to support my dad 27 the evidence doesn't support the clam (minimal, occasional evidence which is generally invalid or irrelevant).
2. What kind of foreign policy do you believe America should use? Why should others agree with you? Reference at least one source and clearly explain how the source agrees with your claim.
CAS-SS20-GR.HS-S.
1-GLE.2 Key concepts of continuity and change, cause and effect, complexity, unity and diversity, and significant ideas in the United States from Reconstruction to the present.
(4/4 Scale)I state a claim that focuses on an accurate and relevant understanding of which foreign policy ideology (neutrality, imperialism, containment, and internationalism) would be best for Moderni American society.
I made interesting and original connections to current events that support my thesis
(3/4 Scale)
I state a claim that accurately focuses on which foreign policy ideology (neutrality, imperialism, containment, and internationalism) would be best for Modern American society.
I make connections to various current events that support my thesis.
(2/4 Scale)
I state a claim that focuses on which foreign policy ideology (neutrality, imperialism, containment, and internationalism) would be best
for Modem American society, but it may not show clear understanding.
I craft a stance that is somewhat reasonable about which type of foreign policy would be best for modern America but there may be some inaccuracies or inconsistencies in my reasoning.
(1/4 Scale)
I do not yet state a clear claim or my understanding of the different ideologies related to foreign policy (neutrality, imperialism,
containment, and internationalism) is incorrect
I do not yet craft a stance about which policy would be best for modern America and/or my information is not correct.
by the 1890's a man would have worn a bow tie or a neck tie in preference to?
7. Hitler uses the image of a storm several times when he describes the goal of his National Socialist Party. What does he mean by “storm” and what are his goals in using that language?
Hitler used the metaphor of the storm to portray the ascent of the Nazi Party as inevitable and to paint it as a strong and unstoppable force that would usher in a new period of German greatness.
Adolf Hitler regularly compared the Nazi Party, also known as the National Socialist Party, to a storm. Hitler used the word "storm" to refer to a huge and uncontrollable force that would obliterate all in its path and usher in a new era. The movement that the Nazi Party imagined would profoundly transform German society and usher in a new, Nazi-based state was represented by the storm.
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35. The following are characteristics of the Japanese principle of Shinto Except?
which of the following nations closed the mississippi river to u.s. shipping? A. france B. britain C. germany D. spain
Answer:
D) Spain
Explanation:
Spain closed the Mississippi River to U.S. shipping in 1784 as a retaliation for the United States allowing smuggling across the Spanish border in Florida. This closure hurt the commerce of the newly-formed United States, which relied heavily on the Mississippi River for transportation of goods. The Mississippi River was eventually reopened to U.S. shipping through the Pinckney's Treaty in 1795.
What did Prohibition Accomplish? check all that apply.
Prohibition Accomplish made the sale of alcohol illegal in the United States.
The option (A) is correct.
With the eighteenth amendment done to the Constitution in 1917, the assembling, dealing, and transportation inside and from the US were precluded by regulation. This correction became effective in 1919. The US Congress accepted that the disallowance of liquor would get an adjustment of the general way of behaving of the multitude of Americans and the wrongdoing and debasement rates would descend.
As an impact, the public authority use on the support of detainment facilities, and the detainees would likewise descend. This restriction must be reclaimed as it acquired famous objection against its execution.
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This question is not complete, Here I am attaching the complete question:
What did Prohibition accomplish? Check all that apply.
(A) It made the sale of alcohol illegal in the United States.
(B) It directly promoted women’s rights and equality.
(C) It brought about the repeal of the 18th Amendment.
(D) It helped bring about the end of the temperance movement.
(E) It led to an increase in crime and corruption across the country.
(F) It resulted in the establishment of speakeasies and bootlegging.
Compare the treatment of slaves before European involvement and after European involvement.
Answer:
The treatment of slaves varied depending on the period and the region in question, so it is difficult to provide a comprehensive answer. However, in general, slavery existed in many societies throughout history, including in Africa, Europe, Asia, and the Americas, before the arrival of Europeans in the Americas.
Explanation:
The treatment of slaves varied depending on the period and the region in question, so it is difficult to provide a comprehensive answer. However, in general, slavery existed in many societies throughout history, including in Africa, Europe, Asia, and the Americas, before the arrival of Europeans in the Americas.
Before European involvement in the African slave trade, slavery in Africa was a complex institution with various forms and purposes. In some societies, slaves were treated as members of the family and could even rise to positions of power and influence. In other societies, slaves were used for manual labor and treated harshly. In many cases, slaves were acquired through warfare, debt, or as punishment for crimes.
European involvement in the African slave trade began in the 15th century, and over the following centuries, millions of Africans were forcibly taken from their homes and transported across the Atlantic to the Americas to work as slaves on plantations. The transatlantic slave trade was characterized by extreme brutality, as slaves were treated as property and subjected to inhumane conditions, forced labor, and physical and sexual abuse. Slaves were often forced to work on sugar, tobacco, and cotton plantations, and many died from overwork, disease, or mistreatment.
In short, while slavery existed in many societies throughout history, the European involvement in the African slave trade led to a particularly brutal form of slavery that treated human beings as property and subjected them to extreme cruelty and exploitation.