What do we need protein for in our bodies?

DNA is a double-helix molecule composed of two coiled strands. Each strand is formed by a sequence of nucleotides that carry genetic information. Options A, C, F, H, and J are TRUE.

DNA is a nucleic acid composed of two coiled strands, the double helix. This polymer is made of several nucleotides joined by their extremes that store genetic information.

Nucleotides are monomers containing a nitrogenated base, a phosphate group, and a sugar (deoxyribose).

Nitrogenated bases are purines (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidines (cytosine and thymine).

During its replication, helicase is in charge of breaking hydrogen bonds and separating the two original strands, topoisomerase releases the tension between the strands, and DNA polymerase adds the correct nucleotides.

a) bases held together by hydrogen bonds ⇒ TRUE

b) bases are A, C, G and U ⇒ FALSE, bases are A, T, G, C

c) unzipped by helicase during replication ⇒ TRUE

d) backbone of sugar molecule ribose and phosphate groups ⇒ FALSE, the sugar is deoxyribose.

e) found in the nucleus of prokaryote cells ⇒ FALSE, prokaryote cells have DNA but not a nucleus

f) double helix ⇒ TRUE

g) carries amino acids to ribosomes ⇒ FALSE, tRNA carries amino acids to ribosomes during protein synthesis

h) bases are A, C, G and T ⇒ TRUE

i) single helix ⇒ FALSE, DNA is a double helix molecule.

j) backbone of sugar molecule deoxyribose and phosphate groups ⇒ TRUE

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If the element has a half-life of 30 years, the time it takes only until 1 percent of the element remains is around 199.3 years.

Half-life is the time taken for an unstable isotope to decay into half of its original value.

Given that:

      N = N0 (1/2)^h

N/N0 = (1/2)^h

N/N0 = 1/100 (since N is 1% of N0), so

       1/100 = (1/2)^h

log (1/100) = hlog(1/2)

             h = log(1/100) / log(1/2)

                = log(100)/log(2)

The time needed = h * t/2 = log(100)/log(2) * 30 years

                = 199.3 years

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Worms as example of a standalone malware software that may replicate itself and spread to other systems is a computer worm. To propagate itself, malware makes advantage of the computer network.

It disseminates itself through the computer network. It doesn't require an existing software to attach itself to, unlike a computer infection. A worm can replicate itself to infect other computers, much like a virus can. A worm, as opposed to a virus, doesn't require attachment to an already-running program or a prompt before running. Malware, or malicious software, refers to software that has been programmed with malevolent intent. Anything from a virus, worm, Trojan horse program, or even spyware can be considered malicious code. Because it has the potential to damage your computer or mobile device, this code is harmful. Without your knowledge, it can access private computer networks, gather critical information, and even display intrusive advertisements.

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Answer:

you sure this is biology? seams mor3 like history

Answer:

The diaphragm works together with the intercostal muscles of the ribs to help the alveoli by expanding the chest cavity, thus increasing the volume. As the volume of the chest cavity increases the pressure inside it drops, allowing air from outside the body to be pulled in and fill the lungs/alveoli.

The diaphragm helps the alveoli during respiration by creating changes in air pressure that facilitate the movement of air in and out of the lungs.

The diaphragm is a dome-shaped muscle located at the base of the chest cavity, separating the thoracic (chest) cavity from the abdominal cavity. During respiration, the diaphragm plays a crucial role in facilitating the movement of air in and out of the lungs.

When the diaphragm contracts, it flattens and moves downward, increasing the volume of the thoracic cavity. This expansion of the thoracic cavity lowers the air pressure within the lungs, creating a partial vacuum. As a result, air from the external environment, which has a higher pressure, rushes into the lungs through the airways and eventually reaches the alveoli.

Alveoli are small, thin-walled sacs located at the ends of the bronchioles in the lungs. They are the primary sites of gas exchange, where oxygen from the inhaled air diffuses into the bloodstream and carbon dioxide, a waste product, diffuses out of the bloodstream into the alveoli to be exhaled.

The movement of the diaphragm creates changes in pressure within the thoracic cavity, causing air to move into the lungs and reach the alveoli. As the diaphragm relaxes and moves upward, the volume of the thoracic cavity decreases, increasing the air pressure within the lungs. This higher pressure forces air out of the lungs and out through the airways during exhalation.

In summary, the diaphragm's contraction and relaxation create changes in air pressure that enable air to be drawn into the alveoli during inhalation and expelled from the alveoli during exhalation. This process facilitates efficient gas exchange between the alveoli and the bloodstream, allowing oxygen to be taken in and carbon dioxide to be eliminated from the body.

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On the other hand, deeper (confined) aquifers are less likely to follow surface features and have watersheds (or basins) that are governed by geologic reasons. Thus, option C is correct.

In general, surface aquifers (the water table) resemble surface-water watersheds, and their flow typically does not cross borders at the surface.

Due to the fact that groundwater flows from high points (where it divides) to low places, groundwater watersheds conceptually are comparable to surface-water watersheds (outlets, discharge areas).

Therefore, A watershed is made up of both the subsurface groundwater and aquifers that provide water to the network of streams that drains the surface land area.

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Answer:

no yes no

Explanation:

.ctv6bb 6 yeah sine yrah

A high osmolarity is produced by the urea recycling, which confines the majority of the urea in the medulla and aids in water absorption.

Urea molecules are carried by the blood as it enters the glomerulus; these molecules are subsequently filtered by Bowman's capsule before entering the proximal convoluted tubules. The Henle's loop receives the reabsorbed portion of the entering urea. The medulla of the kidney secretes urea into the lumen of the tubules in the form of a loop, bringing the concentration of urea to 100%.

From the loop, 100% of the urea enters the distal convolved tubules (DCT). Thirty percent of the substance in distal convoluted tubules is reabsorbed to the cortex, while the remaining seventy percent enters collecting tubules. In the medulla, fifty percent is being reabsorbed. The remaining 5% is reabsorbed by the arteries and vasa recta, which are connected to the nephron, while 15% is discharged as urine.

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Answer:

Thymine is about equal to the percentage of adenine.

Answer: 6

Explanation:

It is known as incomplete dominance when there is an intermediate heterozygote phenotype between the two homozygote phenotypes.

Genotype refers to each person's unique DNA pattern. This phrase more particularly refers to the two alleles that a human received for a single gene. The observable manifestation of this gene is how a patient's disease presents clinically.

We examine the alleles of the parent organisms then predict the frequency at which those genes will be expressed by the offspring in order to determine a phenotypic ratio. Most of the time, we are aware of the expression and appearance of the alleles.

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A Steroid hormone is synthesized from cholesterol and can diffuse throughout the plasma membrane.

Steroid hormones are derived from LDL cholesterol and therefore can with no trouble diffuse via the lipid bilayer of the cell membrane to reach the intracellular receptor.

The steroid hormones synthesized in the adrenal cortex, the gonads, and the placenta are all derived from LDL cholesterol and many are of medical significance.

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A species of mouse which was once killed by a certain disease is now resistant to the disease because some individual mice that were resistant to the disease survived and reproduced offspring. Those that weren't resistant died. Thus, the correct option is D.

Resistant genes is the gene which contains the information for the production of a protein that makes an antibiotic ineffective on that organism and hence confers resistance against that antibiotic to a pathogen.

The transfer of resistant genes can occur in organisms. Acquired resistance from the parents can occur through horizontal transfer of genes between the bacterial species, or by vertical transmission that can occur between mother and offspring at birth and during lactation period, or spontaneously due to the exposure to an antibiotic. These genes help the organism to survive in the antibiotic medium and produce offspring.

Therefore, the correct option is D.

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Priya is in adrenarche phase of puberty.

Adrenarche is a normal physiological increase in androgen production in the adrenal glands that causes pubic and armpit hair growth, increased oiliness of the skin and hair, adult body odor, and mild acne.

Adrenarche is another developmental stage that usually occurs at least two years before puberty.

Puberty is the process of physical changes in which a child's body matures into that of an adult capable of sexual reproduction. It is caused by hormonal signals from the brain to the gonads and testicles in boys and in ovaries in girls.

You can start from 9 years old. Puberty is a process that takes several years. Most girls hit puberty by the time she's 14. Most boys finish puberty by the age of 15 or he is 16.

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Left ventricle (LV) of the heart pumps oxygenated blood to the head and body and right atrium (RA) receives deoxygenated blood from the head and body and left atrium (LA) receives oxygenated blood from the lungs.

To obtain oxygen, the circulatory system (cardiovascular system) pumps blood from the heart to the lungs. The heart then sends oxygenated blood to the rest of the body via arteries. The veins return oxygen-depleted blood to the heart to restart the circulation process.

Arteries transport blood away from the heart, while veins transport blood back to the heart. The circulatory system transports oxygen, nutrients, and hormones to cells while also removing waste products such as carbon dioxide.

The heart is divided into four chambers: two upper chambers known as the left and right atriums, and two lower chambers known as the left and right ventricles. It also has four valves: the tricuspid, pulmonary, mitral, and aortic.

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The statement that best describes cell division in plant and animal cells is that cytokinesis occurs by formation of a cleavage furrow in animal cells, but not plant cells, which means that option A is correct answer.

Cell division is defined as the process in which cells of the organisms divide into daughter nuclei, in order for the multiplication of organism and sustainability of life. There are generally two types of cell division namely Mitosis and Meiosis. Mitosis is the process in which cell duplicates its chromosomal material and then divides it into two daughter nuclei. Meiosis on the other hand involves formation of eggs and sperm cells. Cytokinesis is defined as the method of division of cytoplasm due to which the genetic material and other organelles get divided into daughter cells. In plant cells, cell plate is formed during cytokinesis and in animal cell, cleavage furrow is formed and it deepens until daughter cells split from parent. It occurs during anaphase of mitosis process.

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5.) B

6.) B

Explanation: For question 6, they'd move apart.

Amino acids are converted to glucose during gluconeogenesis, if the carbohydrate content of the diet is insufficient to meet the body's needs for glucose

What is gluconeogenesis?

It refers to the synthesis of new glucose from noncarbohydrate precursors, and provides glucose when dietary intake is insufficient or absent. It is essential in amino acid metabolism, and synthesis of carbohydrate-derived structural components.

It principally occurs in the liver and kidney.

Example: synthesis of blood glucose from lactate in the liver during recovery from intense muscular exertion.

Let us discuss other options:

Hence through the gluconeogenesis process amino acids are converted into glucose when a carbohydrate diet is insufficient to meet the body's needs.

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C4 plants separate initial co2 fixation and the Calvin cycle in time.

By utilizing an additional enzyme termed PEP during the initial stage of carbon fixation, C4 plants, such as maize, sugarcane, and sorghum, avoid photorespiration. This process happens in the mesophyll cells, which are close to the stomata where oxygen and carbon dioxide enter the plant.

The primary difference between C3 and C4 photosynthesis is that C3 photosynthesis uses the Calvin cycle to produce a three-carbon compound, and C4 photosynthesis uses the Calvin cycle to produce an intermediate four-carbon compound that splits into a three-carbon compound.

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Round worms lack a complete circulatory system, whereas segmented worms do. The circulatory system of a segmented worm includes blood, the heart, the capillary system, and hemoglobin.

Flatworms have a ribbon-like body with no cavity. Roundworms are worms with a body cavity but no segments. Segmented worms have a body cavity as well as segmented bodies.

The Annelida consist of segmented worms. They lack legs and a hard skeleton. Unlike mollusks, the bodies of annelids are divided into many small segments, similar to rings joined together.

The earthworm can move more easily if it is segmented. Setae are muscles and bristles found in each segment or section. When moving through soil, the bristles or setae help anchor and control the worm. The bristles secure a section of the worm to the ground while the rest of the body protrudes forward.

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False, plants also store energy and exhibit respiration and plants use this stored energy to function.

Photosynthesis is a process that plants and other organisms use to convert light energy into chemical energy that can then be released to fuel the organism's activities via cellular respiration. The pea pod used sunlight energy to build sugar molecules with the help of carbon dioxide and water. When the rabbit ate the pea pod, it received energy from the sun that was stored in the plant's sugar molecules.

Photosynthesis' primary function is to convert solar energy into chemical energy and then store that chemical energy for later use. This process powers the majority of the planet's living systems.

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Plotting the results of f2 and f3 crossings resulted in Bell-shaped distributions, which represent multiple-factor inheritance.

Lauren responds by fighting back, and as they struggle, Carson makes the claim that he is Lauren's biological father. However, Catherine seizes his gun and shoots Carson to death. All traces of Carson's captivity are eliminated when Lauren and Catherine work together to ignite the bunker by dousing it in gasoline and setting it on fire.

Evolutionary change requires the inheritance of genetic material. It explains the genetic transmission process from one generation to the next. The fact that genetic inheritance is rarely taken into account in life history research may therefore at first seem surprising.

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Once stem cells turn into nerve and glial cells.

The outer trophoblast will form structures that will aid the growing embryo's implantation in the mother's uterus. Because the inner cell mass continues to differentiate and parts of it will eventually become the embryo, it is sometimes referred to as the embryoblast (the suffix "blast" means "to make").

First, the zygote develops into a solid ball of cells. The blastocyst develops into a hollow ball of cells. The blastocyst implants in the uterine wall, where it develops into an embryo attached to a placenta and surrounded by fluid-filled membranes.

A multicellular organism's embryo is the first stage of development.

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The earliest evidence that the concentration of carbon dioxide and the global temperature have been correlated for at least the last million years of Earth's history came from scientists' examination of the gases trapped in ice cores.

Ice cores provide direct data on past changes in greenhouse gas concentrations as well as direct evidence of the potential for sudden climate change in certain situations.

They gather ice cores in numerous locations all over the planet to research regional climate variability and to compare and distinguish it from global climate signals. They gather samples from the ice, known as ice cores, which contain a record of how our planet appeared hundreds of thousands of years ago.

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Answer:

The three episodes that occur during the photosynthesis cycle are: Light energy is absorbed by chlorophyll, which breaks down water molecules into oxygen and hydrogen. Light energy is converted into chemical energy. The reduction of carbon dioxide leads to the formation of carbohydrates.

Answer:

solar energy is harvested as chemical energy in a process that converts water and carbon dioxide to glucose

Explanation:

Option D. 100 percent, of offspring, will end up with a both homozygous recessive genotype and an expressed phenotype.

Concept:-

If two heterozygotes are crossed, the probability that an offspring will be homozygous recessive is 25% or 0.25. Homozygous dominant: 25% or 0.25. Heterozygous: 50% or 0.50.

If all games are homozygous than the offspring will be homozygous and same phenotype 100 percent.

The genotype of an organism is its entire set of genetic material. Genotype also can be used to refer to the alleles or versions a person includes in a specific gene or genetic place.

A genotype is a scoring of the sort of variant gift at a given region (i.e., a locus) inside the genome. it is able to be represented by way of symbols. as example, BB, Bb, and bb could be used to symbolize a given version in a gene.

A man's or woman's genotype is the combination of alleles that they possess for a particular gene. An individual's phenotype is the combination of observable characteristics or developments. even as an organism's genotype is directly inherited from its parents, the phenotype is simply motivated by using a genotype.

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The blind spot is the region where the optic nerve leaves the eyeball and the photoreceptor cells(light-sensitive cells) are absent.

What is a blind spot?

It is a small portion of the visual field of each eye that corresponds to the position of the optic disc within the retina located to the right of the center of vision of the right eye and vice versa in the left eye. There are no photoreceptors (rods and cones) in the optic disc and hence there is no image detection in this area.

The nerve fibers route before the retina, blocking some light and creating a blind spot where the fibers pass through the retina and out of the eye.

Rod and cone photoreceptors are specialized neurons that function in the initial step of vision. Photoreceptor cells lie at the back of the retina adjacent to the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), a cell layer that is vital for the survival of photoreceptors.

Because of the absence of photoreceptor cells, objects are obscured entirely by the blind spot and unseen in monocular vision.

Hence blind spot is the region of the optic nerve where photoreceptor cells are absent and there is no vision.

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According to the superposition, principle fossils are present in sedimentary layers which are deposited sequentially.

According to the concept of superposition, sedimentary layers are deposited sequentially, and the layers at the bottom are older than the layers at the top unless the entire sequence has been flipped over by tectonic processes.

Geologists may connect rock layers from throughout the world by using the Law of Superposition, which stipulates that given an undisturbed horizontal succession of rocks,

Therefore the oldest rock layers will be on the bottom and increasingly younger rocks will be on top of them.

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Answer:

D) heat.

Explanation:

"Thermal", as defined by Oxford Languages, is relating to heat.  In the case of thermal energy therefore, it is simply referring to how energy would react to either the heat, or the lack thereof.

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Answer: correct answer is A Inflammatory response in sensitive tissues

Explanation:

The most common human health response to air pollution is inflammatory responses in sensitive tissues. Thus the correct option is A.

Any unwanted substance entering into the environment degrades the quality of air and makes it difficult in breathing, causing various health issues is refers as air pollution.

Particles and some gases in the air that contribute to air pollution are produced by factories, soil, dust, mould spores, flames, volcanoes, and vehicle and smoke from truck emissions.

As air pollution is reactive, it has been demonstrated that breathing it causes inflammation of the airways. Your muscles can become weakened and your heart's arteries can constrict as a result of the immune system's reaction to the particles, increasing your risk of having a heart attack.

Therefore, option A is appropriate.

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