These processes allow voters to accept a law change (an initiative), reject a piece of legislation passed by the Legislature (a referendum), or remove an elected official from office (a recall).
How do initiatives, recalls, and referendums affect politics?In American politics, the initiatives and referendums procedures give residents of many states the opportunity to put recently approved law or new legislation up for a vote on the ballot.
When did the United States establish the initiative and referendum system?The functioning of the initiative and referendum was defined as the following: House Bill 653, which was enacted by the 1913 Legislature. This legislation established the processes and responsibilities of the Attorney General, the courts, the Office of the Secretary of State, county auditors, and other authorities.
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Answer: For California:
You can use three forms of direct democracy in California state elections: mandatory referendums (part of the Constitution of California since 1856), optional referendums, and initiatives. Initiative, referendum, and recall elections were added to the state constitution in 1911. The Southern Pacific Railroad monopoly had strangled the state's economy and government for decades under "The Octopus" control. Direct democracy was expected to protect California voters from wealthy special interests in the future by progressive reformers. It wasn't long before these same interests proved adept at using direct democracy to their own advantage.
Explanation:
What challenge did the nation face in the aftermath of ww2
What were the problems faced after Second World war?
Following were main problems after the Second World War: Division of world in two power blocs: US and USSR. Cold war. A huge economic loss to the world economy.
__________________________________________________________
What happened in the aftermath of ww2?
By 1948, a new form of international tension had emerged--Cold War--between the United States and its allies and the Soviet Union and its allies. In the next 20 years, the Cold War spawned many tensions between the two superpowers abroad and fears of Communist subversion gripped domestic politics at home.
__________________________________________________________
How did ww2 affect the country?
As millions of men and women entered the service and production boomed, unemployment virtually disappeared. The need for labor opened up new opportunities for women and African Americans and other minorities. Millions of Americans left home to take jobs in war plants that sprang up around the nation.
what was the legacy of the Black Consciousness Movement in South Africa
Answer:
The legacy of the Black Consciousness Movement in South Africa includes:
The promotion of black pride and identity: The Black Consciousness Movement sought to promote a sense of pride and identity among black South Africans, encouraging them to embrace their culture and heritage and reject the racial stereotypes and prejudices that had been imposed on them by the apartheid system.
The empowerment of black people: The movement aimed to empower black South Africans by giving them a voice and encouraging them to take control of their own lives and communities. It also promoted education and skills development as a means of achieving economic independence.
The challenge to apartheid: The Black Consciousness Movement was a significant challenge to the apartheid system, as it encouraged black South Africans to assert their rights and resist the oppression and discrimination they faced. The movement played an important role in the struggle for freedom and democracy in South Africa.
The influence on the struggle for liberation: The Black Consciousness Movement was a key influence on the broader struggle for liberation in South Africa, and many of its leaders, including Steve Biko, became icons of the anti-apartheid movement.
The impact on South African society: The Black Consciousness Movement helped to change the way South Africans thought about race and identity, and paved the way for a more inclusive and egalitarian society after the end of apartheid.
Explanation:
Answer:
The most lasting legacy of the Black Consciousness Movement is as an intellectual movement. The weakness of theory in and of itself to mobilise constituencies can be seen in AZAPO's inability to win significant electoral support in modern-day South Africa. But the strength of the ideas can be seen in the diffusion of Black Consciousness language and strategy into nearly every corner of black South African politics.
In fact, these ideas helped make the complexity of the South African black political world, which can be so daunting to the newcomer or the casual observer, into a strength. As the government tried to act against this organisation or that one, people in many organisations shared the general ideas of the Black Consciousness Movement, and these ideas helped to organise action beyond any specific organisational agenda. If the leader of this group or that one was thrown into prison, nonetheless, more and more black South Africans agreed on the importance of black leadership and active resistance. Partly as a result, the difficult goal of unity in struggle became more and more realised through the late 1970s and 1980s.[27]
Biko and the legacy of the Black Consciousness movement helped give the resistance a culture of fearlessness. And its emphasis on individual psychological pride helped ordinary people realise they could not wait for distant leaders (who were often exiled or in prison) to liberate them. As the ANC's formal armed wing Umkhonto We Sizwe struggled to make gains, this new fearlessness became the basis of a new battle in the streets, in which larger and larger groups of ordinary and often unarmed people confronted the police and the army more and more aggressively. If the ANC could not defeat the white government's massive army with small bands of professional guerrilla fighters, it was able to eventually win power through ordinary black peoples' determination to make South Africa ungovernable by a white government. What could not be achieved by men with guns was accomplished by teenagers throwing stones. While much of this later phase of the struggle was not undertaken under the formal direction of Black Consciousness groups per se, it was certainly fuelled by the spirit of Black Consciousness.
Even after the end of apartheid, Black Consciousness politics live on in community development projects and "acts of dissent" staged both to bring about change and to further develop a distinct black identity.
Explanation:
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Toward the end of the Vietnam War, ____ formed a much larger portion of the people who actively opposed the war.
A. government officials
B. journalists
C. college students
D. veterans
Answer: D veterans
Explanation:
just took the test
During the late stages of the Vietnam War, college students composed a larger portion of the people who were actively against the war. This group was a major part of the anti-war movement with protests and demonstrations frequently occurring on college campuses.
Explanation:Towards the end of the Vietnam War, college students formed a much larger portion of the people who actively opposed the war. This group became a major part of the anti-war movement in the United States throughout the late 1960s and early 1970s. Campus protests and demonstrations were common, and these events were often driven by a combination of factors such as objections to the draft, moral opposition to the war, and unrest with other social issues. For example, in 1970, the shooting at Kent State University, where four students were killed by National Guard soldiers during a protest, became a tragic symbol of the country's division over the Vietnam War.
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The section of the us constitution that reserves powers to the states or the people is known as
Amendment No. 10 Explained. The Constitution reserves all the rights to the States or the people that are neither prohibited by it nor delegated to the United States.
What is Amendment?The constitution of a nation, organization, or other sort of body can be changed through a constitutional amendment. Amendments are often braided into the pertinent sections of an existing constitution, directly affecting the wording. A contract, law, government regulatory filing, or other document may be amended to add new provisions or change existing ones. The first ten Constitutional Amendments are collectively known as the Bill of Rights. It explains how Americans should interact with their government. Freedom of speech, the press, and religion are just a few of the civil rights and liberties that are guaranteed to the individual. No soldier may reside in a home without the owner's permission during times of peace, and during times of war, they must do so in accordance with legal requirements.To learn more about Amendment, refer to:
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Which of the following groups supported Britain during the American Revolution?
A. Sons of Liberty
B. Loyalists
C. Neutrals
D. Patriots
Answer:
B. Loyalists
Explanation:
The groups that supported Britain during the American Revolution were mainly loyalists, Native American tribes, and some wealthy merchants who benefited from trade with Britain. However, many colonists remained neutral or switched sides throughout the conflict.
13. When was this article written?
Who was his audience?
14. According to Dellums, what were
the effects of Reagan's economic
policies?
15. What evidence does Dellums cite
to support his claims?
16. Is Dellum's article a trustworthy
source about the effects of
Reaganomics? Why?
The article was written in 1982 and was written for the National Association of Social Workers, his audience is the readers of this newspaper by Dellums.
According to Dellums article, the effects of Reagan's economic policies to reduce the growth of government spending, reduce the federal income tax and capital gains tax, reduce government regulation, and tighten the money supply in order to reduce inflation. The evidence Dellums cites to support his claims is Dellmus uses the evidence of numbers and the year's correlating with them. It should be noted that dellum’s article is a trustworthy source about the effects of Reaganomics, because of the reliability, quality of the article. Sourcing serves as a means to find, evaluate and engage suppliers so that a particular goods or services can be obtained.
Factors that should be considered when sourcing are; reliability, quality and flexibility.
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One hundred years ago, hat pins were at the center of a fiery debate concerning the rights of women to exist in the same public spaces as men. This is also known as the Hatpin Panic.
Why is this important today? What was its impact? What effects did it have at the time?
The Hatpin Panic is an important historical event that highlights the struggle of women for equal rights and equal access to public spaces. Although the event occurred 100 years ago, its impact can still be felt today, as it paved the way for modern feminist movements and the ongoing fight for gender equality.
At the time, hat pins were commonly used by women to secure their hats to their hair, which was a common fashion accessory. However, some women began to use longer and sharper hat pins as a means of self-defense against sexual harassment and assault in public spaces. This led to a panic among men, who saw the hat pins as a threat to their dominance and control over public spaces.
As a result, some cities passed laws regulating the length of hat pins that women could wear, while others proposed banning them altogether. This sparked a backlash from women's groups, who saw the hatpin panic as an attack on women's autonomy and right to self-defense.
The impact of the Hatpin Panic was both positive and negative. On the positive side, it brought attention to the issue of sexual harassment and assault in public spaces, and helped to spark a larger movement for women's rights and equality. It also helped to break down traditional gender roles and expectations, as women began to assert themselves more in public spaces.
However, on the negative side, the panic also reinforced gender stereotypes and perpetuated the idea that women were helpless and in need of protection from men. The laws and regulations that were put in place also limited women's ability to defend themselves and contributed to a culture of victim-blaming.
Today, the Hatpin Panic is an important reminder of the ongoing struggle for gender equality and the importance of empowering women to assert their rights and defend themselves against harassment and violence in public spaces. It also highlights the need to challenge traditional gender roles and expectations, and to create a culture of respect and equality for all genders.
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the concept of racism as a social construct
The concept of racism as a social construct refers to the idea that race and racial categories are not inherently real or objective, but rather are created and defined by social, cultural, and historical processes.
What is racism?Racism, then, is not simply an individual attitude or belief, but a system of power and privilege that operates through institutions and social structures to advantage some groups while disadvantaging others.
By recognizing racism as a social construct, we can better understand how it is perpetuated and work towards dismantling it.
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2.
In the context of this text, how do people face death? Cite evidence from this text,
your own experience, and other literature, art, or history in your answer.
From the text, the author mentions how there is no “right way” to face death. He speaks of the diversity of how people respond to death, from grief and sorrow to peaceful acceptance.
What is author?An author is a person who writes a book, article, or other literary work. Authors typically create original works of literature, such as novels, short stories, plays, poems, and essays. They may also create non-fiction works, such as biographies, autobiographies, and history books
He notes that a person’s culture, beliefs, and life experiences can all affect how they face death.
My own experience has shown me that people face death differently. Some people are able to be peaceful and accepting of it, while others are filled with grief and sadness. It all depends on the individual and their relationship with the person who has passed.
The literature of death has also shown me different ways of facing death. For example, in the book The Tibetan Book of Living and Dying, the author speaks of the importance of learning to accept death and not to fear it, but rather to approach it as a natural part of life. This is something that is echoed in many other books and pieces of literature as well.
In art, the theme of death is often addressed in a multitude of ways. For example, in the painting “The Death of Marat” by Jacques-Louis David, the death of the French revolutionary is portrayed in a somber yet peaceful way, showing the acceptance of death.
Throughout history, people have faced death in various ways. In ancient Egypt, for example, the Egyptians believed in an afterlife and their death rituals were centered around preparing for it. This is a stark contrast to other cultures that were filled with sorrow and grief when faced with death.
Overall, there is no one “right” way to face death. The way each individual responds to death is based on their own culture, beliefs, and life experiences. There is no single universal approach to death, and it is something that each person must face in their own way.
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Describe image b, what type of printing technology is being used in this image
3. Complete the table to describe Federalist and Anti-Federalist arguments during the ratification of
the Constitution. (4 points)
How did railroads increase the need for steel
Answer:
Railroads were used to transport large quantities of natural resources and goods such as STEEL, iron, and coal. This caused an increase in demand for these particular products.
In his speech Patrick Henry asserts that_ is the colonists best opinion now.
Answer:
In his "Give Me Liberty or Give Me Death" speech, Henry asserts that fighting against the British is the colonists' best option now.
The compromise of 1850 outlawed slavery in
Answer: Washington, D.C.
Explanation:As part of the Compromise of 1850, the Fugitive Slave Act was amended and the slave trade in Washington, D.C., was abolished. Furthermore, California entered the Union as a free state and a territorial government was created in Utah.
what ways were Western, Christian missionaries influential in the global history of science in the late 19th and early 20th centuries? Give one historical example.
Answer:
What influence did Christian missionaries have?Perhaps the most lasting cultural impact of the missionaries has come through their contributions to Bible translation and education. By translating the Bible into the language of non-European people, missionaries had to become pupils, learning the finer points of a local language from indigenous teachers.
9. When was this speech given?
Who was his audience?
10. According to Kemp, what were
the effects of Reagan's economic
policies?
11. What evidence does Kemp cite
to support his claims?
12. Is Kemp's speech a trustworthy
source about the effects of
Reaganomics? Why?
9. The speech was given on March 9, 2000.
10. According to Kemp, the effects of Reagan's economic policies were the successful remedy of the economic crisis of stagflation, the reduction of inflation, the decrease in interest rates, and the revival of economic growth. He also claims that the policies led to the creation of jobs and the continuation of prosperity until the time of his speech.
What are the responses to other questions?11. Kemp cites several pieces of evidence to support his claims, such as the high interest rates, inflation rates, and unemployment rates of the pre-Reagan era, as well as the decrease in these rates and the increase in economic growth during and after Reagan's presidency.
12. While Kemp was a strong ally of Reagan and played a role in the creation of his economic policies, his speech may be biased in favor of Reaganomics. Additionally, his speech was given almost two decades after the policies were implemented, so his perspective may be influenced by hindsight and the current state of the economy.
Therefore, while his speech may provide valuable insights into the effects of Reaganomics, it should be considered alongside other sources and analyzed critically.
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This red kangaroo and this alpine newt both have a femur bone in their back limbs. However, their femur bones are very different. The red kangaroo has long femur bones that help it jump very far. The alpine newt has short femur bones that help it swim. What most likely explains why both have back limbs with a femur and why the femur bones are different?
Answer:
Both the red kangaroo and the alpine newt have back limbs with a femur bone because they are both vertebrates and the femur bone is a common feature of vertebrate anatomy.
However, the difference in the size and shape of their femur bones is due to adaptation to their different environments and modes of locomotion. The long femur bones of the red kangaroo are adapted for powerful jumping, while the short femur bones of the alpine newt are adapted for efficient swimming.
This is an example of evolutionary adaptation, where organisms develop traits that help them survive and reproduce in their particular environments.
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5. Compare and contrast the lives of Johann Sebastian Bach and Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. (6
points)
Include:
Major life events
Important musical compositions
Primary differences in style
(short response)
The fact that WA Mozart and JS Bach were born at separate times in the development of music is one obvious distinction between them.
What differences exist between Bach and Mozart?One of the most notable differences between Bach and Mozart was their approaches to composing. Bach was a highly methodical composer who put in a lot of time perfecting his pieces. Mozart, on the other hand, is said to have been more impulsive and produced some of his best works in a matter of days.
One clear difference between WA Mozart and JS Bach is that they were born at different points in the history of music. JS Bach is said to have dominated the Baroque landscape, whereas WA Mozart is usually praised as the maestro of the Classical genre.
Who was a better composer: Bach or Mozart?Their sophisticated musical compositions, which are still in demand today, were both produced by both of them. Yet, some experts believe Bach was somewhat more intelligent than Mozart. Bach's greater understanding of music theory is the reason for this. In addition, he was a better music sight reader than Mozart.
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Table 22.1 Labor Union Membership
Year Number of Members
1933 2,857,000
1934 3,728,000
1935 3,753,000
1936 4,107,000
1937 5,780,000
1938 8,265,000
1939 8,980,000
1940 8,944,000
1941 10,489,000
1942 10,762,000
1943 13,642,000
1944 14,621,000
1945 14,796,000
Which event had the most impact on union growth according to the information shown in the chart and your knowledge of history? (7 points)
The increase in the number of women working outside of the home
The creation of agricultural unions in the Midwest and West
The federal government's actions to increase industrial output
Answer:Hope This helps
Explanation:Based on the information shown in the chart and my knowledge of history, the event that had the most impact on union growth was the federal government's actions to increase industrial output during World War II.
During World War II, the federal government enacted policies that encouraged the growth of unions in order to increase industrial output for the war effort. This led to a significant increase in the number of union members, with the number of members more than doubling from 1941 to 1945.
The other events mentioned in the options, the increase in the number of women working outside of the home and the creation of agricultural unions in the Midwest and West, may have had some impact on union growth but not to the extent that the federal government's actions during World War II did.
Therefore, the federal government's actions to increase industrial output had the most significant impact on union growth during the time period shown in the chart.
Briefly describe the controversies surrounding the Chinese government versus persecuted religions, such as the Falun Gong and Uygher Muslims. This doesn't have to be a long essay - just enough to show you understand the situations.
The Chinese government has faced numerous controversies regarding its treatment of persecuted religions, particularly the Falun Gong and Uyghur Muslims.
Who are the Falun Gong and the Uyghur Muslims?Since 1999, the Chinese government has banned the Falun Gong, a spiritual movement that practices traditional Chinese qigong exercises, with authorities labeling it as a "cult." Subsequently, accusations have been made against the Chinese government alleging the imprisonment, torture and harvesting of organs belonging to Falun Gong practitioners for illegal purchase.
The Chinese government has subjected Uyghur Muslims in China's Xinjiang region to persecution. Accusations have arisen stating that over one million Uyghur Muslims are being unlawfully detained within internment camps by authorities. The detainees undergo forced labor, indoctrination into political beliefs and experience gross human rights abuses while imprisoned.
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What must be done to modernize, protect, and include everyone in the voting process in the United States?
Consider the following two options related to one of the old but special machine tools in your machine shop • Option 1: You continue to use the old machine tool that was bought four years ago for $12,000. It has been fully depreciated but can be sold for $2,000. If kept, it could be used for three more years with proper maintenance and with some extra care. No salvage value is expected at the end of three years. The maintenance costs would run $10,000 per year for the old machine tool. • Option 2: You purchase a brand-new machine tool at a price of $15,000 to replace the present equipment. Because of the nature of the product manufactured, it also has an expected economic life of three years and will have a salvage value of $5,000 at the end of that time. With the new machine tool, the expected operating and maintenance costs (with the scrap savings) amount to $3,000 each year for three years. a. For the old machine tools, what would be the amount of sunk cost that should be recognized in replacement analysis? b. What is the opportunity cost of retaining the old machine tool now? c. What is the net incremental benefit (or loss) in present value associated with replacing the old machine tool at an interest rate of 15% ?
list 12 things from my feminism: second wave feminism in the 1990s documentary ( only if you watch the documentary)
The second wave of feminism developed in the 1960s and 1970s, focused on issues of bias and equality. Beginning with American women, the feminist liberation movement swiftly expanded to other Western countries.
Did the second wave of feminism start in the 1960s and last through the 1990s?Beginning in the 1960s and lasting through the 1990s was the second wave. The anti-war and civil rights movements, as well as the increasing self-awareness of several minority groups worldwide, all influenced how this wave developed. The second wave's voice was becoming more radical as the New Left was on the rise.
What type of artwork exemplified the second feminist wave?The second wave of the feminist art movement emerged in the latter half of the 1960s and the beginning of the 1970s. The Movement gave birth to a number of artists, including as Betye Saar, Faith Ringgold, Judy Chicago, and Miriam Schapiro. In the second wave of feminist art movements that appeared in the 1970s, the concepts of the feminist movement's foundation period are reflected.
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Question 2 of 10
What was the purpose of slave work songs?
A. Just for fun.
B. They helped the slave owners locate the workers.
C. They helped the slaves move together and pass the time.
D. They were a way for the slaves to learn the English language.
The correct answer is C.
Slave work songs helped the slaves move together and pass the time.
They were a way for the slaves to help each other, maintain morale, and cope with the difficult and tedious labor. The songs were not just for fun or entertainment. They did not help the slave owners locate the workers or teach the slaves English. The purpose was to help the slaves synchronize their movements, set a steady pace, and make the hard work more bearable through song.
Which of the following did Populists support?
Which of these is not a reason for the large number of small countries in Europe?
A.geographical features that separate the population
B.the settling of various barbaric tribes after the fall of Rome
C.the Crusades
In the chart below, explain whether the data supports or undermines the claim that Reaganomics was successful. You
will only need to select one column for each question. Make sure to explain your reasoning.
1 pt each
17. Gross Domestic Product
18. National Debt
19. Maximum Income Tax Rate
20. People Living in Poverty
21. Unemployment
Supports that Reaganomics was a
success (and why)
Undermines a claim that
Reaganomics was a success (and
why)
Figures on the performance of the US economy during Reagan's presidency, from 1981 to 1989, are included in the booklet.
The information includes several important metrics, including GDP, the national debt, the top income tax rate, the proportion of people living in poverty, and the unemployment rate. Along with numbers for each indicator, the percentage change over the eight-year period is also provided for the years 1981 and 1989.
The gross domestic product (GDP) of the United States grew from $3057 billion in 1981 to $5400 billion in 1989, an increase of 77%. During Reagan's administration, the top income tax rate was reduced by 42%, from 70% to 28%. The percentage of the population living in poverty decreased by 1%, from 14% to 13%. In addition, the unemployment rate fell to 2.3% from 7.6% in 1981 to 5.3% in 1989.
The data also shows that under Reagan's administration, the nation's debt grew rapidly, a 188% increase, from $995 billion in 1981 to $2868 billion in 1989.
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Which statement best describes the views of northerners on expansion?
A. Northerners were concerned that adding more states would shift
the balance of power in Congress.
OB. Northerners were excited about adding new states because it
could shift the balance of power in Congress.
OC. Northerners approved of adding new states so the country could
continue to expand.
D. Northerners were worried that adding more states would force
them to pay higher taxes.
A. Northerners were concerned that adding more states would shift the balance of power in Congress.
Something China and Japan have in common
Look at the two political cartoons at the bottom of the assignment. What do you see and what do you think the artist is trying to say? Make sure you write your answers in complete sentences.
(15 points)
Cartoon 1
What are the key elements (people, objects, labels, symbols, etc.) in the cartoon? What does each element represent?
What is the cartoon’s message? How does the cartoonist try to persuade the reader?
Do you find the political cartoon persuasive? Why or Why not?
Do you think any groups of people might be offended by the cartoon? What groups might be offended, and why?
.
(15 points)
Score
Cartoon 2
What are the key elements (people, objects, labels, symbols, etc.) in the cartoon? What does each element represent?
What is the cartoon’s message? How does the cartoonist try to persuade the reader?
Do you find the political cartoon persuasive? Why or Why not?
Do you think any groups of people might be offended by the cartoon? What groups might be offended, and why?