Unlike primary reinforcers, secondary reinforcers are reinforcing only after the organism has been conditioned to find it reinforcing.
In order for the neutral stimulus to elicit the same reaction as the primary one, secondary reinforcement involves repeatedly matching a neutral stimulus with a primary reinforcer. Secondary reinforcement, commonly referred to as a secondary reinforcer, transforms a neutral input into a conditioned response.
While a primary reinforcer is innate, a secondary reinforcer is a stimulus that becomes reinforcing after being combined with a primary reinforcer, such as praise, rewards, or money. Responding to the secondary reinforcer is not a natural reaction; it is a taught habit. Biologically essential stimuli for an organism, such as food, water, sleep, shelter, safety, pleasure, and sex, are referred to as primary reinforcers. It causes an uncontrollable reaction, such as shaking, drooling, and turning away.
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The event that occurs when agents in a game form an agreement about which strategies to implement.
The event that occurs when agents in a game form an agreement about strategies to implement is collusion.
A secret agreement or collaboration between two or more parties to limit open competition by deceiving, misleading, or cheating others of their legal rights is known as collusion. Not all instances of collusion are deemed unlawful.
It may be employed to accomplish legally prohibited goals, such as committing fraud or getting an unfair competitive advantage. It is an agreement between businesses or people to divide a market, establish pricing, cap output, or restrict options. All collusive activities are regarded as invalid in legal terms.
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in 2001, the council of europe drafted the european council cybercrime convention, which empowers an international task force to oversee a range of security functions associated with _____ activities.
in 2001, the council of Europe drafted the European council cybercrime convention, which empowers an international task force to oversee a range of security functions associated with internet activities.
The agreement, which deals specifically with copyright infringement, computer-related fraud, child por.nography, and breaches of network security, is the first international pact on crimes perpetrated via the Internet and other computer networks.
It also includes a number of procedures and capabilities, including the ability to examine computer networks and lawfully intercept communications. The council cybercrime convention's primary goal, outlined in the preamble, is to promote a single criminal policy aimed at safeguarding society from cybercrime, particularly through passing pertinent legislation and encouraging.
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Do Americans prefer apple pie or pumpkin pie?
Americans prefer apple pie.
An apple pie is a fruit pie wherein the essential filling thing is apples. The earliest observed recipe is from England. Apple pie is regularly served with whipped cream, ice cream ), or cheddar cheese. it is usually double-crusted, with pastry each above and beneath the filling; the pinnacle crust may be strong or latticed.
The lowest crust can be baked one at a time to save it from getting soggy. Deep-dish apple pie frequently has a pinnacle crust best. Tarte Tatin is baked with the crust on top but served with it on the lowest.
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exposing participants to weak arguments before presenting them with strong persuasive messages helps participants resist persuasion. what is this effect called? question 24 options: 1) door-in-the-face 2) reactance 3) stinging 4) inoculation
Participants are more likely to reject persuasion if weak arguments are presented to them before powerful messages of persuasion. This effect is called inoculation.
The correct option is 4.
The goal of attitude inoculation is to make people resistant to efforts to influence their attitudes by gradually exposing them to counterarguments. It is so named because it functions very similarly to a vaccination, which exposes the body to a weak form of a virus.
The notion of inoculation in social psychology and communication describes how an attitude or belief may be shielded from persuasion or influence in a manner similar to how a body might be shielded from disease, for instance, by pre-exposure to weaker forms of a bigger, future threat.
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Cho is 12 years old. One day he came home and declared to his parents that he needed a spiderman backpack. Everyone at school has a spiderman backpack and cho believed that if he did not have one as well, he would not make any friends and all his schoolmates would tease him. The type of social influence best exemplified here is _____.
The type of social influence best exemplified here is conformity. A sort of social influence known as social conformity involves a change in behavior or belief in order to fit in with a group.
Humans frequently have a propensity to accept the beliefs and habits of the majority. the act of altering one's ideas, attitudes, behaviors, or perceptions to more closely resemble those of groups to which one belongs, wishes to belong, or whose favour one seeks. Conformity illustrations of social conformity include: In an effort to blend in, a person who is heading to work dressed in the same manner as their coworkers.
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You should wait at least ____ hours after smoking cannabis before driving a vehicle.
Answer:
you should wait at least 6 hours
which of the following statements concerning the personal auto policy's (pap's) part c uninsured motorists coverage is (are) correct? 1. under part c of the pap, the insurer agrees to pay compensatory damages that an insured is legally entitled to recover from the owner or operator of an uninsured motor vehicle because of bodily injury (and property damage in a few states) sustained by an insured and caused by an accident. 2. the uninsured motorists coverage applies to claims for medical expenses, lost wages, and pain and suffering, punitive or exemplary damages.
Option 2 is right Uninsured Drivers Cover applies to claims for medical expenses, lost wages and personal injury coverage, punitive damages, or exemplary damages.
Exemplary damages an amount owed by a person who has committed a crime that is sufficient to prevent that person or others from committing similar crimes in the future: He seeks exemplary damages for invasion of Punitive damages or exemplary damages are awarded to punish the accused for disrespectful conduct and/or to correct or dissuade the accused and others from engaging in conduct similar to that which gave rise to the complaint. It is compensation for damages given for An amount awarded to a plaintiff in a civil action to punish the wrongdoer and deter the wrongdoer or others from engaging in future illegal activities.
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What elements of ancient chinese culture still exist? how has chinese culture changed?.
Elements of ancient Chinese culture that still exist:
The three primary philosophies and religions in ancient China—Confucianism, Taoism, and Buddhism—have each had a unique impact on Chinese civilisation throughout history.
Some changes on Chinese Culture:
In general, modern China is far more tolerant of religious activity than it was during Chairman Mao's Cultural Revolution, but past events have made it wary of faith-driven movements that can get out of hand and constitute a threat to the ruling party.
In ancient Chinese society, the "three pillars" of Confucianism, Taoism, and Buddhism were seen as essential. As philosophies and religions, they had an impact on politics, science, the arts, and social structure in addition to spirituality. Although there has been great opportunity for overlap, their particular beliefs and teachings have occasionally clashed. The three traditions have had an influence on society alongside one another, affected each other, and occasionally merged together rather than one taking control and driving the others out. Understanding the special interactions between these three traditions offers valuable insight into both ancient and contemporary Chinese society.
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What, from this year, do you feel most grateful for?
From this year I am most Grateful to my Parents .
Today, I want to express my gratitude to my parents for all of their blessings and for being there for me no matter what. I can't express my gratitude to them for all that they have done for me in words. Since we are all gathered here, I would like to take this opportunity to thank my parents.
Every parent, as we all know, gives up their dreams and makes enormous sacrifices in order for their kids to succeed in life. Every person learns some lessons in life. Your parents' life lessons are something you'll always keep in mind.
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PLEASE HELP FAST AAAAAAA 30 PTS
Developing low pressure areas generally have ____ air near the surface and ____ air aloft.
Developing low pressure areas generally have converging air near the surface and diverging air aloft.
Just with other low pressure systems, mid-latitude cyclones develop from the divergence of air high in the atmosphere. A significant factor in determining where mid-latitude cyclones form is the jet stream. The southern parts of the United States receive cool air from the north thanks to the jet stream. East of the upper-level trough of the jet stream, the low pressure system develops.
Due to the convergence of air at the surface and the divergence of air above, which creates clouds, air rises in low pressure systems. The diverging air above must be greater than the convergent air below for the cyclone to intensify. As a result, the system's surface pressure decreases and additional air is essentially pulled upward, strengthening the cyclone.
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Which amendment of the u. S. Constitution is most often used to ensure federal civil liberties are protected at the state and local level?.
14th amendment of the U.S. Constitution is most often used to ensure federal civil liberties are protected at the state and local level.
Three new constitutional amendments were adopted following the American Civil War: the Thirteenth (1865), which outlawed slavery; the Fourteenth (1868), which granted citizenship to individuals who were enslaved; and the Fifteenth (1870), which guaranteed the right to vote for men who had previously been slaves.
The Fourteenth Amendment forbade the states from denying anybody "life, liberty, or property, without due process of law" and guaranteed everyone residing within a state's borders "the equal protection of the laws," placing a significant federal restriction on the states.
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Explain why scientists establish boundaries for natural systems
Planetary boundaries are the ranges of conditions within which mankind will be able to endure, advance, and flourish for many centuries.
What is planetary boundaries?The safe operating limit for survival was established by these nine parameters. The goal was to establish boundaries between what humans could and could not cross while putting Earth's systems' resilience and stability first.
According to the scientists, if these boundaries are breached, it will result in abrupt or irreversible planetary changes that will have a significant impact.
In the pre-industrial era, the amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the air was 280 ppm (parts per million). It has now surpassed 400 ppm. Some of the effects, like the melting of the polar ice sheets, cannot be undone.
Therefore, Planetary boundaries are the ranges of conditions within which mankind will be able to endure, advance, and flourish for many centuries.
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A need for persuasion exists if there
a. are disputes.
b. is disagreement.
c. are political factions.
d. is a consensus.
A need for persuasion exists if there are disputes. Persuasion is the process by which messages from other individuals can affect a person's attitudes or behaviour without putting them under pressure.
Other elements (such as verbal threats, physical coercion, and one's physiological conditions) can also have an impact on a person's views and behaviour. The act of persuading someone to do something or alter their view is another definition of persuasion. Like how kids use persuasion to gain permission to do certain things, skilled marketers use persuasion to persuade people to buy disputes. This is demonstrated in the romance between Anne Elliot and the protagonist.
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What childhood condition is a particular risk for causing damage to the retina of the eyesor damageto arteries?.
Retinopathy of prematurity condition is a particular risk for causing damage to the retina of the eyesor damageto arteries.
Premature toddlers can also additionally increase the attention situation retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). Blindness can also additionally end result from the aberrant blood vessel increase withinside the retina. Blood vessels in the attention enlarge abnormally as a end result of retinopathy of prematurity and may leak or bleed.
The retina, a layer of nerve tissue withinside the eye that transmits statistics approximately mild to the brain, turns into scarred as a end result. The retina can be pulled out from the rear of the attention whilst the scars shrink. This can bring about blindness or extreme imaginative and prescient loss.
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repeat ethical offenders sometimes need a sanction that is a stronger deterrent than monetary compensation. what civil solution might appropriately deter future ethical violations?
The civil solution might appropriately deter future ethical violations is blacklisting.
A company's established code of ethics, purpose, vision, values, and culture are all examples of what constitutes an ethical infraction. These can be broken down into verbal, written, and physical acts. Furthermore, we are aware that moral transgressions mock accepted norms of conduct.
Money handled improperly by clients, conflicts of interest, and expired licenses are examples of common ethics offences. Billing clients for services they did not obtain while engaging in improper or fraudulent billing practises is unethical.
Inconsistency, issues with organizational relationships, conflicts of interest, and false advertising are the four main things that might contribute to ethical issues at work.
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According to equity theory, a person who feels equitably treated is motivated to ________.
According to the equity theory, a person who feels equitably treated is tend to motivated to in order to keep things as they are.
According to the Adam Smith's equity theory of motives, the employees who tend to perceive an unequal situation between themselves and their colleagues become demotivated and stressed. For instance, if an employee knows that a colleague is doing the same job and for that he or she is being paid more than they are, then this can lead to dissatisfaction.
Here, according to the equity theory, if a person who feels equitably treated is motivated in order to keep things as they are. However, the equity theory says that the employees tend to view a situation as equitable when employees who give similar inputs receive similar outcomes.
Hence, equity theory tend to propose that people value fair treatment.
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teresa is speaking to a group of freshmen about the various opportunities offered on campus. she specifically lists different music ensembles, sports teams, and service organizations in which students can get involved. which type of support did teresa use?
Answer:She specifically lists different music ensembles, sports teams, and service organizations in which students can get involved
Explanation
select three elements that are part of the communication process. multiple select question. a receiver a relationship decoding filtering a channel
A receiver, a channel, and decoding are three elements that are part of the communication process.
There are four main parts to the communication process. Among the components are encoding, the transmission medium, decoding, and feedback. The sender and receiver, who are two additional factors in the process, are represented.
Idea generation, encoding, channel selection, decoding, and feedback are the five steps in communication. Anything that prevents clear communication is considered noise. By allowing us to express our needs and share our experiences, communication enables us to connect with others and develop relationships.
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jeremy is suffering from coronary heart disease. he regularly meets his friends who are doctors and discusses his condition with them. according to jeremy, this helps him deal with the health disorder better. which of the following coping strategies is jeremy using in this scenario?
Jeremy uses social support strategy in this scenario.
Social assistance may be provided in the shape of physical or sensible help (e.G., transportation, help with chores) aid and facts sharing (i.E., facts on network assets) Emotional and physiological help (i.E., someone who listens to and encourages you)
Features of social guides encompass instrumental help, emotional assistance, and confirmation of values and attitudes. Instrumental aid includes a resource that is tangible.
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dave works at a sporting goods store. dave tells joe that the bass master 3000 is the best lure he has used in 20 years. joe believes him. if the bass master 3000 does not live up to the hype, can dave's claim be considered misrepresentation?
No, dave has most likely engaged in puffery so dave's claim cannot be considered misrepresentation.
A misrepresentation is a false or deceptive assertion or a cloth omission that renders different statements deceptive, with a motive to mislead. Misrepresentation is one of the factors of common law fraud, and different causes of movement for fraud, consist of securities fraud.
The announcement must have been 'false'—fraudulent, negligent, and innocent misrepresentations. For a misrepresentation declare to be triumphant, the illustration relied on ought to have been false. This is so whether or not the represented made the untrue assertion innocently, carelessly, or deliberately and fraudulently.
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multiple stimulus with replacement scored by rank ordering.
a. true
b. false
The answer is true. In an MSW Preference Assessment, the teacher presents the kid with a variety of items (often toys or delicacies) and asks him or her to replacement one.
The MSW teacher replaces the item in the array once the child uses it or consumes it, while also switching out the unselected objects for fresh ones. The Multiple-Stimulus Assessment's drawback is that individuals need to have a good scanning replacement because a variety of 5–7 items are shown (DeLeon & Iwata, 1996). A free diagnostic tool called Multiple Stimulus Preference Assessment without Replacement creates a sorted order list of preferences for a particular person.
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Is New York State a region?
Answer: It is a state
Food is digested to the molecular level, absorbed, and then carried to the cells. The
dissolved waste molecules produced by the cells are removed primarily from the
blood by the
large intestine
kidneys
lungs
skin
Answer:
Large intestine
Waste material is usually excreted by the second part of the large intestine, the rectum.
in a human development class, a professor shows students several photographs of prenatal development. the professor points out the placenta and explains that its main purpose is to
In a human development class, a professor shows students several photographs of prenatal development. The professor points out the placenta and explains that its main purpose is to provide the fetus with oxygen and nutrients and remove carbon dioxide and wastes from the fetus.
During pregnancy, the placenta is an organ that grows in the uterus. An infant developing in this framework receives oxygen and nourishment. Additionally, it purges waste materials from the baby's blood. The umbilical cord of the newborn grows from the placenta, which is attached to the uterus wall.
The placental membrane is the site of gas, nutritional, and other exchanges between the mother and fetus. The membrane is created by the endothelium of the fetal blood arteries, syncytiotrophoblasts, cytotrophoblasts, and embryonic connective tissue (Wharton's jelly).
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what new technology led to the chaos that spurred the establishment of the federal communications commission?
Radio technology led to chaos that spurred the establishment of federal communications commission.
What is Radio?The technology of radio is the use of radio waves for signaling and communication. Electromagnetic waves with a frequency of 30 Hz to 300 GHz are known as radio waves (GHz). They are created by a radio transmitter, an electronic device that transmits waves, and are picked up by a radio receiver, which is connected to another antenna. In contemporary technology, radio is utilized extensively in a variety of applications, including radio communication, radar, radio navigation, remote control, and remote sensing. By modulating the radio signal in the transmitter, radio waves are used in radio communication to transport information across space from a transmitter to a receiver. This technology is used in radio and television broadcasting, cell phones, two-way radios, wireless networking, and satellite communication, among many other applications.
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What did the Founding Fathers do to keep the central government's power in check?
The Founding Fathers in order to keep the central government's power in check divided the power into three separate branches.
The Founding Fathers, who were said to be the framers of the Constitution, wanted to form a central government which did not allow one person to have too much authority or too much control. So, under the rule of British king they learned that this could be considered as a bad system.
The Founding Fathers in order to prevent misuse of power, divided the power into three separate branches. Thus, they are also said to have made a clever system of checks and balances in order to encourage the three branches of government.
Hence, the government works for all of the people.
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according to life span developmental theory, which of the following individuals has the greatest need for resources supplied by their culture in order to maintain a high level of functioning?
According to life span developmental theory, a retired individual has the greatest need for resources supplied by their culture in order to maintain a high level of functioning.
Researchers and theorists of the life span assume that each major period of life has its own developmental challenges and accomplishments, and that adaptive processes are at work throughout the life span. This theoretical approach is clearly geared toward individual growth rather than family development. Heckhausen and Schulz developed the lifespan theory of control, which proposes that the desire to exert control over one's environment and thus achieve primary control governs control behavior in the system.
The theory of life-span development provides a framework for understanding human aging. The primary goal of theory in the study of aging is to provide a context for describing and explaining the regular transformations that occur over time in representative organisms living in representative conditions.
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Identify the true and false statements about asexuality.
a. Asexuality is not a personal choice.
b. Approximately 1 in 100 people have an asexual sexual orientation.
a. Asexuality isn't a private choice- so its False.
b. Approximately 1 in a hundred humans have an asexual sexual orientation - True.
There are a few individuals who may enjoy sexual appeal below sure situations however experience that their stories align extra with asexuality than different orientations. People who in shape below that umbrella are called "aces" for short, and may perceive as asexual, gray-asexual or demisexual.
Someone who's gray-asexual, or graysexual, stories sexual appeal hardly ever or simplest in unique situations or they may enjoy sexual appeal with out the accompanying intercourse drive. Graysexuals additionally discuss with individuals who range among durations of experiencing and now no longer experiencing sexual appeal. Someone who's demisexual simplest stories sexual appeal if there is a robust emotional bond.
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short term memory is to working memory as ____ is to ____.
Short term memory is to working memory as long term memory is to connecting new information to old information.
Short term memory is said to be described as the working memory as its thought in order to fulfill one of the following functions such as, working memory is short-term memory which is used to execute specific tasks. So, this is designed in order to manipulate and use short-term memories.
However, on the other hand, long-term memory is said to lasts much longer. So, both short-term and as well as the long-term memory is considered to be different in two major ways.
Hence, the short-term memory is applied to the cognitive tasks.
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