What best describes the roles of photosystem i and photosystem ii in the process of photosynthesis?.
Answer:
They absorb sunlight and transfer the energy to electrons.
Imagine a transmembrane molecule that lies in the plasma membrane and acts as a receptor for an extracellular signaling molecule. When the ligand-binding domain is inserted into the er during synthesis of this transmembrane molecule, will it lie on the lumen side of the er or the cytoplasm side?.
When a ligand binding domain is inserted into the ER during synthesis of the transmembrane molecule lying in the plasma membrane , it will lie on the lumen side of the ER.
ER stands for Endoplasmic Reticulum. It is a cell organelle present in eukaryotic cells only. There are two types of ER: rough ER (RER) and Smooth ER (SER). The RER is involved in protein synthesis and the SER is involved in lipid synthesis.
Plasma membrane is the outer payer present in all the cells. Its functions is to separate the interior of the cells from the outer environment. It is also a semi-permeable membrane involved in the regulation of traffic crossing it.
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which of the following is essential in dna replication, transcription, and translation? group of answer choices hydrogen bonding between complementary bases reading a dna template from 3' to 5' synthesizing a nucleic acid from 5' to 3' initiating at a promoter terminating at a stop codon
The ability to read a DNA template from 3' to 5' is required for DNA replication, transcription, and translation.
According to the Central Dogma of Molecular Biology, DNA creates RNA, which creates proteins. The process of copying DNA to RNA is known as transcription, and the process of using RNA to make proteins is known as translation.
The opening of the double helix and separation of the DNA strands, priming of the template strand, and assembly of the new DNA segment are the three major steps in replication.
DNA replication necessitates the action of three major enzymes, each with a distinct role: Helicase is responsible for unzipping and unwinding the DNA molecule. DNA polymerase adds a new complementary strand of DNA to each of the original helicase-separated halves.
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what physical traits (adaptations do all mammals have in common that relate to living on land? (select all that apply)
Answer:
Mammals have several traits in common, including the presence of hair or fur, sweat glands, and mammary glands. Some mammals, such as dolphins and whales, evolved to live back in the ocean by adapting from land-dwelling creatures
biomes are defined by multiple choice temperature and rainfall. types of animals. their size. plants, animals, and inorganic matter. communities.
Temperature and precipitation are used to describe biomes. An place is categorized as having a certain biome based on the species that inhabit it.
In biology, what is a biome?The greatest geographic biotic unit and main community of plants and animals with comparable life forms and environmental conditions is referred to as a biome. It is also referred to as a major life zone. It has a variety of communities and is named for the predominant vegetation type, such as coniferous forest or grassland.
What features do biomes have?An place is categorized as having a certain biome based on the species that inhabit it. Scientists can identify a biome by defining the range of temperatures, the kind of soil, the amount of light, and the amount of water that are distinctive to that location. These factors create niches for particular species.
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calculate the free energy change for translocating a proton out of the mitochondrial matrix, where ph matrix
Protons are pumped out of the mitochondrial matrix into the intermembrane space.
Where is the mitochondrial matrix found?The inner and outer membranes of mitochondria define three compartments within the organelle, each with its distinct role and corresponding protein components. The innermost compartment, surrounded by the inner membrane, is the mitochondrial matrix.Chemiosmosis can be described as movement of ions across a selectively permeable membrane, down their electrochemical gradient. It occurs during the cellular respiration within mitochondria and it is involved in ATP synthesis (oxidative phosphorylation via ATP synthase).Electrons from electron carriers (NADH and FADH) donate electrons to the electron transport chain and that causes changes in protein complexes of electron transport chain. As a consequence, protein complexes pump H+ across a selectively permeable cell membrane from the mitochondrial matrix into the intermembrane space of mitochondria. H+ can only get back and pass through the inner mitochondrial membrane with the help of ATP synthase (down their electrochemical gradient). ATP synthase turned by the force of the H+ diffusing through it forms ATP by adding a phosphate to ADP.pH is usually calculated by the negative log of the H+ ions in a solution. The H+ ions are calculated in mols/Liter; Therefore a solute with a higher concentration of hydrogen ions has a lower pH. The difference between one pH to the next is 10 times fold the number of H+ ions.[H+]= mol/L.
pH=−log[H+]
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what is the correct pairing of neurotransmitters in the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system?
The correct pairing of neurotransmitters in the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system is that both release ACH.
What is ACH?
Acetylcholine inside the autonomic nervous system. The neurotransmitter in preganglionic sympathetic and parasympathetic neurons of the autonomic nervous system is called acetylcholine (ACh).
The heart, lungs, upper gastrointestinal tract, and sweat glands all have muscarinic acetylcholine receptors on their peripheral nerve systems.
The central and peripheral nervous systems depend on acetylcholine, a sort of chemical messenger or neurotransmitter, to function properly. It aids in learning, memory, and attention as well as the control of muscular motion and autonomic bodily processes.
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how at least 2 different body systems work together to maintain homeostasis in your body if you are out in cold weather.
Different body systems work together to maintain homeostasis in the human body if you are out in a cold weather.
How does body systems work to maintain homeostasis in your body if you are out in cold weather?Cardiovascular, urinary, and lymphatic systems help the body control water balance. The cardiovascular and lymphatic systems transport fluids in the body and help sense solute and water levels and regulate pressure. If the water level goes high, then the urinary system produces more dilute urine to help eliminate excess water. If the water level gets low, then more concentrated urine is produced so the water is conserved.
Cardiovascular, integumentary, respiratory, and muscular systems work together to help the body maintain stable internal temperature. If body temperature increases, then blood vessels in the skin dilate, allowing more blood to flow near the surface of the skin. This results in heat dissipation through the skin and in the surrounding air. The skin produces sweat if the body gets too hot and when sweat evaporates, it helps to cool the body.
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at 50% of maximum life span, how does the survivorship of albertosaurus compare to the survivorship of the crocodile?
Compared to crocodiles, Albertosaurus has a survival rate that is around 100 times higher.
Which curve's mortality rate is the highest?Kind III survival People with Type I survivability have high rates of survival throughout their lives. A steady percentage of people die over time in populations with Type II survival. Populations with Type III survival at young ages have very high mortality rates.
In what ways do survival curves differ?A survivorship curve is a diagram that shows the proportion of members of a particular species or group who live to each age (e.g. males or females). For a specific cohort, survival curves can be produced using a life table (a collection of people who are roughly the same age).
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Which invention played a significant role in the development of the cell theory?
Why was this historical event important?
Answer: The invention of the microscope
Explanation:
Action potentials from receptors involved in general sensations are interpreted in the.
The two upper chambers of the heart in which blood collects before passing to the lower chambers are called
A population of butterflies has an intrinsic rate of increase of 0.64 but a growth rate of 0.36.
Calculate the carrying capacity of the butterflies when they start with 30 of them.
Answer:
-2.28
Explanation:
The intrinsic rate of increase is the maximum rate of population growth that can be sustained by a species in the absence of limiting factors, such as competition for resources or predation. The growth rate is the actual rate of population growth that is observed in a population. The carrying capacity is the maximum population size that can be sustained by a given environment.
To calculate the carrying capacity of the butterfly population, we need to use the formula:
K = r / (K - r)
Where K is the carrying capacity, r is the intrinsic rate of increase, and K is the growth rate.
In this case, the intrinsic rate of increase is 0.64 and the growth rate is 0.36. Plugging these values into the formula, we get:
K = 0.64 / (0.36 - 0.64)
K = 0.64 / (-0.28)
K = -2.28
What type of energy is released from one trophic level to the next?
The type of energy which is released from one trophic level to the next is metabolic heat energy.
How energy is released from one trophic level to anotherEnergy simply refers to the ability or the capacity of doing work. However, when energy is being transferred from one trophic level to the other, it so happens by means of or the virtue of heat transfer. It is on this premise that we say that energy is released from one trophic level to the next through heat energy.
In conclusion, we can now confirm and deduce from the explanation given above that energy is needed for living organisms to be able to transfer it from level to another.
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why is no force (tension) developed during the latent period of the twitch graph for a single muscle fiber?
There is no force during the latent period, the motion capacity is being propagated alongside the sarcolemma.
At the molecular level, summation takes place due to the fact the second one stimulus triggers the discharge of extra Ca++ ions, which turn out to be to be had to spark off extra sarcomeres even as the muscle remains contracting from the primary stimulus.
Summation outcomes in more contraction of the motor unit.If a sarcomere is stretched beyond the perfect length (past a hundred and twenty percent), thick and skinny filaments do now no longer absolutely overlap, which leads to much less stress produced. If the muscle is stretched to the factor wherein the thick and skinny filaments do now no longer overlap at all, no cross-bridges may be formed, and no stress is generated.
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what are the different ecological requirements of the two species of chthamalus stellatus and semibalanus balanoides.
Different ecological requirements of the two species of Chthamalus Stellatus and Semi Balanus Balanoides is that: C.s. lives attached to rocks in shallow water and is exposed to air by the receding tides and s.b. lives in the lower down on the same rocks.
What are the ecological requirements of the two species of chthamalus stellatus and semi Balanus balanoides.?Semi Balanus balanoides is a species of large barnacle that are adapted to living within deep water where it is rarely exposed to air. Chthamalus stellatus is slightly smaller species, living in deep and shallow water and are capable of withstanding exposure to air which causes dehydration.
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During skeletal muscle contraction, ____________ move closer together.
Question options:
A) H band
B) I band
C) Z disk
D) M line
Answer: C) Z disk
Explanation:
the theory that those who adapt best to the environment will have a greater chance of surviving and passing on their genes is known as ...
The theory that those who adapt best to the environment will have a greater chance of surviving and passing on their genes is known as Natural selection.
Natural selection is one process of evolution. Creatures with more environmental adaptation have a better chance of surviving and passing on the genes that gave them an advantage. This process causes species to change and diverge throughout time.
Natural selection is a technique used to adapt and transform populations of living things. People in a population are naturally diverse, which means that every person is distinctive in some ways. Due to this diversity, some people have traits that better suit their environment than others. One of the most important aspects of evolution is the modification of a population's inherited traits over successive generations.
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In pea plants, the allele for smooth pods (S) is dominant over the allele for constricted pods (s).
Which of the following pairs of terms are correctly matched?
Choose 1 answer:
Option d is correct because pea plants with the dominant S genotype have smooth and constricted pod phenotypes, which are controlled by the S gene.
What distinguishes a genotype from a phenotype?A physical observation of a trait under the control of a gene is called a phenotype.
genotype, on the other hand, is a genetic observation that cannot be physically seen.
The dominant allele is the one that controls a plant's phenotypic characteristics; the other allele, which cannot express itself, is always present in a group, but only the dominant will manifest itself.
If the smooth allele is dominant over the other in a pea plant, it manifests in allelic combination and hides the expression of constricted pods.
SS is the genotype as a result, and the constricted pod is the
phenotype, so choice d is the appropriate one.
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Complete question is " In pea plants, the allele for smooth pods (S) is dominant over the allele for constricted pods (s).
Which of the following pairs of terms are correctly matched?
Choose 1 answer:
Ss - phenotype; smooth pod - genotype
SS - genotype; constricted pod - phenotype
SS - phenotype; constricted pod - genotype.
SS - genotype; constricted pod - phenotype".
An enzyme in potato cell caue oxygen to be produced from hydrogen peroxide. Cube of potato were incubated with hydrogen peroxide at different temperature. The number of bubble of oxygen releaed per minute were counted at each temperature. The table how the reult. Temperature/°C 15 25 35 45 55
number of bubble / bubble per minute 96 98 82 36 1
The reult ugget the optimum temperature for the enzyme i between which two value
Between 45 and 55 °C is where the enzyme functions best.
What's the ideal temperature for an enzyme?The majority of enzymes work best when the temperature is around 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit (37 degrees Celsius). Additionally, some enzymes work effectively at both high and low temperatures. For instance, while animals in desert environments have enzymes that can withstand higher temperatures, those in arctic environments have enzymes that can withstand lower ideal temperatures.
Because more substrate molecules can interact with the enzyme and make more product as a result, the reaction rate will quicken when more hydrogen peroxide is added to the mixture. More foam forms in your cup as you increase the H2O2 concentration in your reaction.
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in rna processing, the intervening coding sequence that is missing from the final mrna is called an .
Exons, which are protein-coding sequences, make up eukaryotic genes. Intervening sequences called introns, which may be crucial in gene regulation but are excised from the pre-mRNA during processing, are also present.
What coding sequence is still present in the finished mRNA?After the final mRNA is created, the process of translation involves reading a succession of codons, which are three-base sequences. The Genetic Code, an RNA code, directs how codons are read.
The regions of coding are known as material exons, whereas the intervening non-coding sections are known as introns. The mature mRNA molecule is subsequently created by a procedure known as RNA splicing, which involves removing the introns.
Nucleic acid coding sequences refer to exons.
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5. Below is the DNA sequence for the orange tiger and the mutated DNA sequence of the
white tiger. Look at both sequences and explain
a. what type of mutation took place
b.
how you know.
DNA code
Mutated DNA code
CAG CAG CAG CAG CAG CAG
CAG CAG CAG TAG CAG CAG
The type of mutation that took place is the insertion of a nucleotide into the DNA.
What is mutation?
A major factor in the diversity of organisms is a mutation, which is a change in the genetic sequence. These alterations take place at a variety of levels and might have very varied effects. Mutations may have an impact on an organism by altering its phenotype, or they may have an impact on the way DNA codes the genetic information (genotype). When mutations take place, they may be completely fatal or they may result in the termination (death) of an organism. Mutated RNA code GTC GTC GTC ATC GTC GTCOrganisms having undesirable mutations do not live very long.To learn more about mutations refer to:
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examine the phylogenetic tree showing the evolutionarily relationships of five organisms which statement most accurately explains the relationship between organisms and the other organisms 
A phylogenetic analyses is a visual representation of how different creatures have evolved over time. Phylogenetic trees are theories, not proven truths.
What in biology does phylogeny mean?A phylogenetic tree, sometimes called a phylogeny, is a visual representation of how several species, creatures, or genes have descended over time from a single common ancestor.
What purposes does phylogeny serve?A potent method for determining how modern species have evolved is phylogenetics. Scientists can better comprehend how species have developed while also gaining insight into the differences and similarities between various species by examining phylogenetic trees.
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drag the labels to identify the anatomical differences between the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions.
In situations where quick reactions are necessary, the sympathetic division typically works. Actions that don't call for a prompt reaction are performed by the parasympathetic division.
What are parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions ?Your sympathetic nervous system is balanced by the parasympathetic portion of your autonomic nervous system. Your body's "fight or flight" response is regulated by your sympathetic nervous system, while the "rest and digest" response is regulated by your parasympathetic nervous system.
These ganglia's nerve cells make connections with the interior organs. The majority of the sympathetic division's ganglia are situated on either side of the spinal cord, just external to it. The parasympathetic division's ganglia are found close to or inside the organs they connect with.
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A marine biologist and cancer researcher worked together to isolate the green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene from a sample of jellyfish DNA. Scientists have successfully inserted this gene into a cancerous tumor in humans in order for the tumor to glow so it can be more easily removed during surgery. What biotechnology is used to accomplish this procedure?
Gel electrophoresis
Polymerase chain reaction
Restriction enzyme digestion
Transgenic technology
A is incorrect
Answer:
The biotechnology used to accomplish this procedure is D transgenic technology.
Explanation:
Transgenic technology involves the introduction of a foreign gene into the genome of an organism, allowing the organism to express the traits encoded by the foreign gene. In this case, the marine biologist and cancer researcher isolated the GFP gene from jellyfish DNA and introduced it into the genome of a cancerous tumor in a human. This allowed the tumor to express the GFP protein, which made it glow and made it easier to remove during surgery. Transgenic technology is a powerful tool for studying gene function and has many applications in biotechnology and medicine.
Answer: D
Explanation:
I took the test
what do endocrine glands release
a. amino acids
b. neurons
c. hormones
d. nerve impulses
Answer: C. Hormones
Explanation: they release hormones into the bloodstream to be transported to various organs and tissues throughout the body
where do organisms store their energy
Answer: Food
Explanation: I learned this in Biology class! My teacher taught me that organisms store the energy in food to help growth the cell!
a fossil is found to have a 14c level of 66.0 % compared to living organisms. how old is the fossil?
As a result, the value of t is 4340.9, and if a fossil is discovered to have a 14C level of 66.0% in comparison to live creatures, the age of a fossil is mathematically provided as 4340.9 years.
Who are the seven living things?Living beings have the following seven characteristics: movement, breathing or respiration, waste, growth, sensitivity, and reproduction. Living things exhibit all seven of these traits, although certain non-living entities may only exhibit one or two of them.
What components do living things have?All living things are made up of cells, which are regarded as the basic building blocks of life. Complexity exists in even one-celled organisms! A cell's organelles and structures are made of molecules, which are composed of atoms. In multicellular organisms, tissues are made up of related cells.
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A symbiotic relationship that benefits both species is referred to as commensalism. true or fales
Answer:
True
Explanation:
A sample of element x contains 90% x-35 atoms, 8% x-37 atoms, and 2% x-38 atoms. The average isotopic mass is closest to:.
The average atomic mass of X will be closer to 35 amu.
Let the Isotope X³⁵ be A
Let the Isotope X³⁷ be B
Let the Isotope X³⁸ be C
The average atomic mass of X can be calculates as follows:
Isotope A (X³⁵):
Mass of A = 35 amu
Abundance of A (A%) = 90%
Isotope B (X³⁷):
Mass of B = 37 amu
Abundance of B (B%) = 8%
Isotope C (X³⁸):
Mass of C = 38 amu
Abundance of C (C%) = 2%
Atomic mass of X =?
Atomic mass = [(mass of A × A%)/100] + [(mass of B × B%)/100] + [(mass of C × C%)/100]
= [(35 × 90)/100] + [(37 × 8)/100] + [(38 × 2)/100]
= 31.5 + 2.96 + 0.76
Average atomic mass of X = 35.22 amu
Hence, the average atomic mass of X is closer to 35 amu.
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