Thermometers in the past were filled with mercury but most are now filled with alcohol instead due to safety reasons. Why do you think alcohol is used instead of water?.

The sample's initial mass is 25.0 g if first-order kinetics is what nuclear decay is said to follow.

Nuclear energy is the force that exists in a protons and neutrons, or core. The atoms that make up everything in the universe are minute building blocks, and energy holds the nucleus of each atom together.

A nuclear facility meltdown or explosion might release a significant amount of radioactive material into the atmosphere. Everyone present at the nuclear site would have most certainly been injured or poisoned in the event of an explosion.

Briefing: The following is the expression for the rate rule for first order kinetics:

Where k = rate constant = 0.178 days, t = 2.303/k * log(a/(a - x))

15 days have passed since the sample began, so t 1

a = the reactant's original or initial amount; a - x = the amount left over after the decay process; 1.73g

After plugging in all the values, we get 15=(2.303/0.178) A/1.73 = 10 * log (a/1.73) log (a/1.73) = 15 * 0.178/2.303 ( 15*0.178/2.303)

a = 1.73 * 10^( 2670/2303)\sa = 1.73 * 10^(1.15935736)\sa = 1.73 * 14.433024871\sa = 24.9691330268

Consequently, a weighs about 25 grams.

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Answer:

The effective nuclear charge is the net positive charge experienced by valence electrons.

Explanation:

The effective nuclear charge is the net positive charge experienced by valence electrons.

It can be approximated by the equation: Zeff = Z – S

Zeff = the effective nuclear charge

Z = denotes the number of protons existing in the nucleus

S = average amount of density between the nucleus and the electron.

For a fundamental breakdown of how to fix problems and lead your manufacturing team to success, here are the two steps of the problem-solving process.

Identify the Problem.

Define the Problem.

The eight-step problem-solving process is a structured method that guides you through the various steps of solving issues.

Unlike other problem-solving processes that are often broad, the eight-step method takes you through each individual step, from identifying the problem to taking actionable steps to success.

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Answer:

The Atom is a superhero character from DC Comics. He is a founding member of the Justice League and possesses the ability to shrink himself to subatomic size. In the comics, he is Ray Palmer, a scientist from Ivy Town.

Explanation:

Answer:

[tex] \huge{ \boxed{0.255 \: \text{moles}}}[/tex]

Explanation:

To find the number of moles of a solution given it's volume and concentration/molarity, we use the formula;

[tex] \bold{c = \frac{n}{v}} \\ [/tex]

where

Since we're finding the number of moles, we make n the subject

[tex] \bold{n = c \times v}[/tex]

From the question;

[tex]n = 3 \times 0.085 = 0.255[/tex]

We have the final answer as

Answer:

metalloid

Explanation:

Silicon. Silicon (symbol Si) is a group 14 metalloid.

Based on the recipe for preparing the food, the limiting ingredient is the 2 cans of tomatoes.

The recipe for the food is given below:

Hence, 2 cans of diced tomatoes require 1 cup of green beans, 1/2 cup of pasta, 1 can of beans, and 4 of cups broth.

Hence, after, the 2 cans of diced tomatoes are used up, no more food can be prepared.

A limiting reagent or limiting ingredient is used up when cooking, hence, the 2 cans of tomatoes are the limiting ingredient.

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The pH of an acidic buffer that contains equal concentrations of HC2H3O2 and NaC2H3O2 is 4.8.

These solutions are employed to keep environments acidic, as their name suggests. A weak acid and its salt are combined with a strong base to create an acid buffer, which has an acidic pH. The pH of an acetic acid and sodium acetate solution in water is equivalent at 4.74.

These solutions have PH values below seven.

These solutions are made up of a weak acid and its salt.

A mixture of sodium acetate and acetic acid (pH = 4.75) serves as an illustration of an acidic buffer solution.

Given;

Pka of acetic acid is 4.8;

conc of ch3cooh = conc of ch3cooNa;

now,

[salt]/[acid] = 1

now from the formula,

PH =  Pka + log([tex]\frac{conc of salt}{conc of acid}[/tex])

⇒PH = 4.8 + log(1)

⇒PH = 4.8 + 0

PH = 4.8

The pH of an acidic buffer that contains equal concentrations of HC2H3O2 and NaC2H3O2 is 4.8.

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Using a ball and stick figure, it is easy to visualize the atoms and the two pairs of electrons they share.

Each atom ball would be connected to another one by two bonds stick on each side of it.

What is bonding model for semiconductor?

The bonding model is mostly used to have a basic idea of what the individual electrons are doing in semiconductor. Structure of crystalline material is uniform.

Detailed solution is in attached file

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Oxygen and calcium react to generate calcium oxide. The chemical made of calcium and oxygen has the formula CaO. This reaction's chemical formula is 2Ca + O2 2CaO.

the eight types of chemical reactions that are most frequently encountered are: decomposition reaction, combination reaction, combustion reaction, single displacement reaction, double displacement reaction, precipitation reaction, and redox reaction.

The evolution of a gas, precipitate formation, color change, temperature change, and state change are significant aspects.

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Pair production is the process by which a neutral boson is converted into a subatomic particle and its antiparticle.

The mass of the electron has an energy equivalent of 0.51, and the mass of the positron has an energy equivalent of 0.51 as well. Thus, the mass of the particles in the pair is produced using a total of 1.02 energy. The two particles share the remaining energy, 1.24, equally as kinetic energy.

The newly created positron is quickly converted back into photons after annihilating with another electron in matter.

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The mass of gallium that can be formed from the reaction of 198 g of strontium with excess molten gallium (III) nitrate is 105 g (Option C)

The mass of gallium that can be formed from the reaction can be obtained as follow:

3Sr + 2Ga(NO₃)₃ → 3Sr(NO₃)₂ + 2Ga

From the balanced equation above,

262.86 g of Sr reacted to form 139.44 g of Ga

Therefore,

198 g of CrCl₂ will react to form = (198 × 139.44 ) / 246.86 = 105 g of Ga

Thus, the mass of Ga formed is 105 g (Option C)

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rapid combustion

spontaneous combustion

explosive combustion

Answer:Water is unusual because its molecules move further apart when it freezes. The molecules of just about every other substance move closer together when they freeze.

Explanation:

During freezing, water molecules lose energy and do not vibrate or move around as vigorously. This allows more stable hydrogen-bonds to form between water molecules, as there is less energy to break the bonds.

1000 g of water condenses at 100°C in a home radiator (changes from gas to liquid).

Equation

Q=m x Hvap

    where m= mass.

= 1000. gx2260J/g 

Q=2,260,000 J

What is Condensation?

Condensation, which is the opposite of vaporization, is the transformation of matter from its gaseous state into its liquid state. The water cycle is the most frequent use of the phrase. [1] Another way to describe it is as the transformation of water vapour into liquid water when it comes into touch with a solid, liquid, or cloud condensation nucleus in the atmosphere. Deposition is the term for the change that occurs when the gaseous phase directly transitions into the solid phase.

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The mole fraction of carbon dioxide in the mixture is

P(CO₂) = 0.00004 × 76mmHg

           = 0.304mmHg

The key to this problem is the fact that each component of a gas mixture contributes to the total pressure exerted by the mixture in proportion to the number of molecules in the mixture.

Partial pressures of gases are most often expressed as mole fractions.

                    P(gas) = χ(gas) × P(mixture)

This is the proportional to the number of molecules.

As you know, 1 mole of a substance is exactly 6.022⋅10²³

molecules of that substance. This is known as the Avogadro number Nₐ.

This means that the number of molecules, say x and Avogadro's number

No. can be used to express the number of moles of a gas.

             From a mole =  Number of Molecules × Nₐ

Now, the percentage composition of a gas mixture is the number of molecules each gas contributes to 100 molecules of the mixture.

In this case, the air must contain 0.04% carbon dioxide. This means that there are 0.04 CO₂ molecules in 100 air molecules.

For example, the number of moles of carbon dioxide in 100 air molecules is ⁿCO² = 0.04 molecules × Nₐ

            = 0.04 Nₐ

This air sample is

n (total) = 100 molecules × Nₐ

            = 100⋅Nₐ

This means that the mole fraction of carbon dioxide in the mixture is

P(CO₂) = 0.00004 × 76mmHg

           = 0.304mmHg

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An unknown compound is xy has the x-to-y mass of ratio of 4.0. the decomposition of the compound xy will gives 20.0 grams of x, and  then will give grams of y  form is 5 g.

given that :

x/y = 4

The decomposition of the compound of xy will produces of x is = 20 g

mass of x = 20 g

therefore, x / y = 4

by cross multiplying   given equation we get :

x = 4y

y = x / 4

y = 20 / 4

y = 5 g

Thus, the mass of y will produces is given as follows :

y = 5 g.

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The edge length of a body-centered cubic unit cell made up of atoms of radius 178 pm is 411.074 pm.

The body-centered cubic unit cell is defined as an unit cell that has atoms at each of the eight corners of a cube (like the cubic unit cell) plus one atom present in the center of the cube. Each of the corner of  atoms is the corner of another cube so the corner atoms are shared among eight unit cells.

Length of body diagonal = r + 2r + r

                                         = 4r

From the cube, body diagonal = √(3) a

∴ 4r = √(3) a

Where:

a: is the edge length

R: is the radius of each atom = 178 pm      

By solving equation the equation for "a" we have:

a = 4r/√(3)

⇒ a = (4 × 178)/√(3)

⇒ a = 411.074 pm

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1.56% of the original sample would be left after 108 days.

What are radioactive element?

The atoms that make up radioactive elements have unstable nuclei, and as a means of achieving stability, they emit atomic radiation. Radioactive atoms are converted into another chemical element through radiation emission, which can either make the element stable or radioactive enough to cause additional decay.

Due to the extra nuclear charge present inside of some atomic nuclei, these unstable elements undergo radioactive decay to generate stable nuclei. These substances are referred to as radioactive substances.

Therefore, 1.56% of the original sample would be left after 108 days.

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The products formed during the single displacement reaction between Al₂S₃ and Li are Li₂S₃ and Al.

What are deplacement reactions?

When a more reactive element pushes a less reactive element out of a compound that also contains the less reactive element, a displacement reaction takes place. The less reactive element has undergone a displacement reaction and is now pure and unmixed.

In the reaction of  Al₂S₃ and Li the following is observed:

Li+ Al₂S₃  = Li₂S₃ +Al

Lithium displaces aluminium here.

Hence the products formed during the single displacement reaction between Al₂S₃ and Li are Li₂S₃ and Al.

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The change in internal energy for a molecule at 56 g/mol is discovered to be -539 kJ/mol.

The internal energy change of a reaction is represented by the symbol U. U = Heat of calorimeter + Heat of solution for a reaction in the bomb calorimeter.

Heat capacity = Heat Temperature

For example, 0.48 g compound U = 3.81 0.285 + 4.184 3000 0.28 g compound U = 4.67 kJ

For a molecule at 56 g/mol

U equals energy/mass/moles/one, where U = 4.67/0.48556 and U = 539 kJ/mol.

Since the reaction causes a temperature increase, the internal energy, or -539kJ/mol, is given a negative sign.

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The number of gas moles of molar mass 18g is 0.010moles.

Molar Mass is 18g and RMS speed 657 m/s , Kinetic energy is 42kj

42000=m(675 x 675)/2

m=84000/675²

=0.1843g

To find number of moles -

[tex]n=m/M[/tex]

n=calculated mass/Molar Mass

=0.010 moles

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If molecules of hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, and chlorine have the same kinetic energy hydrogen molecule will move the fastest.

Kinetic energy will be defined as:

    K.E = 1/2mv2

In the above-mentioned equation:

   K.E = kinetic energy

   m = mass of gas molecules

   v = velocity of gas molecules

Gases with smaller particle sizes tend to be traveling quicker at a given temperature, which means that they have a greater speed. Kinetic energy enables gas particles to move at different rates, and these speeds are determined by the size of the gas particle.  Hydrogen gas particles are the smallest and hence move at a faster rate, followed by nitrogen gas particles, oxygen gas particles, and chlorine gas particles.

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consider a phosphate buffer, consisting of h2po4- and hpo42- . initially at the same ph as its pka (6.86) when concentrated sodium hydroxide is added to this buffer, the: Option C  ratio of [hpo42-] to [h2po4] in the buffer increases

The buffer's HPO42-to-H2PO4-ratio increases. Because NaOH reacts with H2PO4- and academic papers proton for neutralisation. Buffer Solution is a liquid solvent-based solution made up of a weak acid base, or a weak base and its conjugate acid. They are resilient to pH changes caused by dispersion or the addendum of small quantities of acid/alkali to companions. Water acts as a buffer, albeit a poor one. This is because of the fact that H20 ionises to shape H30+ and OH-. A weak acid and the conjugate acid are required to form an acid solution buffer. For alkali, the opposite is true.

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1. The coefficient in 2H2O means that there are 2 moles of that compound for every 1 mole of CH4 and CO2. If you had 1 mole of CH4 (and enough O2), you would produce 2 moles of H2O. The coefficients describe the ratio of moles in an equation.

2. It's the same for O2. There are 2 moles of O2 for every 1 mole of CH4. When reacting O2 with CH4, you need 2 moles of O2 (which is important if you need to know how much O2 to react with CH4).

The factor that has been causing the co2 level of the atmosphere to increase over the past 200 years are:

The primary cause of the rise in carbon dioxide concentrations is the use of fossil fuels by humans as a source of energy. We are adding carbon to the atmosphere in only a few hundred years that plants removed from the atmosphere through photosynthesis over many millions of years in the form of fossil fuels like coal and oil.

Note that according to climate experts, the earth is currently 1 degree Celsius hotter than it was between 1850 and 1900, and part of the reason for this is due to gas emissions from airplanes, cars, and other human activities.

Hence, one can say that Greenhouse gas concentrations have increased due to human activity. Burning fossil fuels like coal and oil has increased the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere during the past century (CO2).

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See full question below

What has been causing the CO2 level of the atmosphere to increase over the past 200 years?

Select all that apply.

Hint 1. How CO2 Is Not Released into the Atmosphere

If carbon dioxide is absorbed by another material, then that carbon dioxide is sequestered from the atmosphere unless something happens to release it from the absorbing material.

The lungs, bronchi, and trachea seem to be cross-sectioned in the photo (windpipe). The respiratory system supplies oxygen and removes carbon dioxide, a waste product of cellular activity. The trachea transports air from the nose and mouth to the bronchi, which go to the lungs. The lungs exchange gases with the environment via breathing.

Generally, The picture appears to show a cross-section of the human respiratory system, including the lungs, bronchi, and trachea (windpipe). The respiratory system is responsible for bringing oxygen into the body and removing carbon dioxide, a waste product of cellular metabolism.

The trachea is a tube that carries air from the nose and mouth to the bronchi, which are smaller tubes that branch off from the trachea and lead to the lungs.

The lungs are the primary organs of the respiratory system and are responsible for exchanging gases with the environment through the process of breathing.

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The pH of the given solution would be 4.75.

What do you mean by pH?

pH is a measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a solution, usually expressed on a scale from 0 to 14. A pH of 7 is neutral, with solutions below 7 being acidic and solutions above 7 being alkaline.

The pH of the solution can be calculated using the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation:

pH = pKa + log([salt]/[acid])

Where pKa is the -log of the acid dissociation constant (in this case, 4.75 for acetic acid), [salt] is the molar concentration of the salt (in this case, 0.1 M for sodium acetate), and [acid] is the molar concentration of the acid (in this case, 0.1 M for acetic acid).

Plugging in the values, we get

pH = 4.75 + log(0.1/0.1)

pH = 4.75

Therefore, the pH of the solution is 4.75.

What is an acetic acid solution?

An acetic acid solution is a solution made up of acetic acid and water. Acetic acid, also known as ethanoic acid, is an organic acid which is the main component of vinegar. It has a strong, pungent odor and sour taste, and is used in many household products and industrial applications.

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Answer:

The chemical formula changes