The theory that holds that deviant and criminal behavior results from regular exposure to attitudes favorable to acting in ways that are deviant or criminal is called "Social Learning Theory".
This theory posits that individuals learn how to behave through observation, imitation, and reinforcement of behaviors exhibited by those around them, including family members, peers, and media figures. According to social learning theory, if an individual is repeatedly exposed to deviant or criminal attitudes and behaviors, they may be more likely to adopt similar attitudes and engage in similar behaviors.Social Learning Theory was developed by Albert Bandura in the 1960s and 1970s. Bandura argued that behavior is learned through a process of observation and imitation, and that people are more likely to imitate behavior that is rewarded or reinforced in some way. He also suggested that behavior is influenced by factors such as cognition, motivation, and self-efficacy.
Social Learning Theory has been applied in a variety of contexts, including criminology and psychology. In criminology, the theory is often used to explain why some individuals become involved in criminal activities, while others do not. The theory suggests that exposure to deviant or criminal behavior may increase an individual's likelihood of engaging in similar behavior, and that prevention efforts should focus on reducing exposure to these behaviors.
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when it comes to drinking what is the buddy system?
Which of the following defenses to contract enforcement can be successfully asserted by either party to the contract?
answer choices
O Illegality
O Incapacity
O Uncoscionability
O Misrepresentation
O Duress
Any of the listed defenses (illegality, incapacity, unconscionability, misrepresentation, duress) can potentially be asserted by either party to the contract as a defense to contract enforcement.
Being against the law or the regulations is the state of being illegal. Sometimes breaking the law is necessary to bring about change. The students considered it worth it to reform a bad law, even though they were aware that their acts were against the law and that they would be arrested. When a major health illness, its treatment, recovery from it, or subsequent treatment prevents a person from working, attending school, or carrying out other routine daily activities, this is referred to as incapacitating that condition. Any time a woman is unable to work due to pregnancy or to receive prenatal care.
Unconscionable is an adjective that refers to something that shocks the conscience because it is immoral, done without conscience, or shockingly unfair. The word is widely used in the area of contract law to describe agreements that contain blatantly unjust and oppressive conditions. An unconscionable contract is one that cannot be enforced by a court. A misrepresentation is a false or deceptive statement of truth made by one party to another during negotiations in a common law jurisdiction with the intent to induce that other party to enter into a contract. In law, a situation in which someone acts under duress or coercion is one in which the person is subjected to violence, threats, or other forms of pressure.
However, the success of such defenses may vary depending on the specific circumstances and the laws governing the contract. It is always recommended to consult with a legal professional for guidance on contract issues and defenses.
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In 100 words or more, discuss the legal issues surrounding the use of and display of information contained on social media.
What type of mistake did Eddy commit in terms of South African Law of contract?
Evaluate this type of mistake.
However, generally speaking, there are three types of mistakes recognized under South African law of contract: common mistake, mutual mistake, and unilateral mistake.
Common mistake: This occurs when both parties are mistaken about the same material fact relating to the contract. If the mistake is sufficiently serious, it may render the contract void ab initio (from the beginning).Mutual mistake: This occurs when both parties are mistaken about different aspects of the contract. For example, one party may be mistaken about the quantity of goods to be supplied while the other is mistaken about the price. In such cases, the contract may be voidable.Unilateral mistake: This occurs when only one party is mistaken about a material fact relating to the contract. In general, the law does not provide relief to a party who has made a unilateral mistake. However, in some cases, the mistake may be so serious that it amounts to fraud, and the contract may be voidable.
It is important to note that the law of contract in South Africa is based on the principles of freedom of contract and the sanctity of contracts. Therefore, courts are generally reluctant to interfere with the terms of a contract unless there are compelling reasons to do so.
Forman, a star player for a major league baseball team, was engaged to speak at a sports banquet sponsored by a veterans’ organization in a large city. One week before the banquet, Forman learned that he was scheduled to make a television appearance on a major network on the same night as the banquet. Forman offered to send an equally well-known player from his team. The veterans’ club refused to permit this substitution and canceled the sports banquet. Could the organization legally cancel the banquet and sue Forman for breach of contract?
Provided Forman possessed a legitimate agreement with the association of veterans, he had a duty to fulfill his contractual obligations. Providing an additional player by Forman would result in a violation of the agreement made.
What is the breach of contract?In the event that a cancellation clause is included in the contract, the veterans' association would be empowered to abort the banquet and pursue compensation from Forman.
The organization ought to have communicated to Forman in written form about their plan to terminate the contract and demand compensation. Additionally, they should have allowed him an adequate chance to rectify any violation of the contract.
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Discuss how our intention detector coupled with the power of projection can lead us to accept unreasonable ideas as valid
Our intention detector coupled with the power of projection can lead us to accept unreasonable ideas as valid because we often project our own values and beliefs onto others.
When we do this, we tend to interpret the intentions of others in a way that fits with our own beliefs and values. For example, if we have a certain expectation about how someone should behave, we might interpret their behavior as being in line with that expectation even if it isn't.
This can lead to us accepting ideas that are actually unreasonable, because we are basing our acceptance of them on our own beliefs rather than the facts. Ultimately, this can lead to us making decisions that are not in our best interests.
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Five liens which is paid last? Mechanics, Second Mortgage, Real Estate Tax Lien, Special Assessment Lien
Of the Five liens the option that is paid last is Judgment lien
What is the Judgment lien?Property charges: Genuine Charge Lien. Extraordinary evaluation liens are liens made by the neighborhood government to pay for open advancements or administrations, such as modern sidewalks or sewage frameworks.
Mechanics or contractor's lien is one that is Usually a lien set on a property by a temporary worker or provider who has not been paid for work or materials. Judgment lien is often a lien set on a property by a court arrange due to an unpaid obligation or judgment.
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discuss how perceptual errors might influence eyewitness identification and memory.
Answer:
Explanation:
Perceptual errors can significantly influence eyewitness identification and memory. When an individual is exposed to a situation where they must identify a suspect or recall information about a crime, they are subject to various perceptual errors that can lead to inaccurate eyewitness identification and memory.
One perceptual error that can occur is a false sense of familiarity. This happens when an individual sees someone or something and mistakenly believes they have seen it before. This error can occur even when the individual has not actually seen the person or object before, leading to incorrect identification.
Another perceptual error that can occur is the misinterpretation of events. This error happens when an individual perceives something in a way that is different from reality. For example, a witness may perceive the perpetrator to be taller or shorter than they actually are, or they may perceive a weapon to be a different type than it actually is.
Additionally, the "weapon focus effect" is another perceptual error that can impact eyewitness identification and memory. This occurs when a witness's focus is on a weapon or a perceived threat, rather than the details of the perpetrator's face or appearance. This can cause the witness to have a less accurate memory of the perpetrator's appearance.
Other factors that can influence eyewitness identification and memory include stress, anxiety, and suggestibility. Witnesses who are under stress or anxious may have a more difficult time accurately recalling details. Furthermore, eyewitnesses can be influenced by suggestion or questioning from others, leading to inaccurate identification.
In conclusion, perceptual errors can have a significant impact on eyewitness identification and memory. To reduce the risk of perceptual errors, it is important to ensure that eyewitnesses are given sufficient time to observe and recall details, and that they are questioned in a non-suggestive manner. Additionally, using scientific methods for eyewitness identification, such as sequential lineups and double-blind administration, can help to reduce the risk of perceptual errors and increase the accuracy of eyewitness identification.
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What problem does the United States face when compared to other developed countries 
Answer:
Explanation:
The United States faces several problems when compared to other developed countries, including but not limited to higher income inequality, higher poverty rates, higher rates of gun violence, higher healthcare costs, and lower life expectancy. The United States also has a higher incarceration rate than any other developed country. Additionally, the country faces issues related to climate change, including high levels of carbon emissions and a lack of action to reduce them.
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strategies can position old navy most favorably in relation to competition?
Old Navy can position itself most favorably in relation to competition by implementing various strategies. Firstly, it can differentiate itself by offering unique and trendy clothing styles at affordable prices.
Secondly, it can expand its product line to include more sustainable and eco-friendly options, thus appealing to environmentally conscious consumers. Thirdly, it can focus on enhancing the in-store and online shopping experience, by providing excellent customer service, personalized recommendations, and a seamless checkout process.
Lastly, it can leverage social media and influencer marketing to increase brand awareness and engage with its target audience. By implementing these strategies, Old Navy can create a strong brand identity and remain competitive in the retail industry.
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the tax law relating to the selection of a tax year-end for partnerships generally requires the partnership to adopt a tax year with the____
The tax law relating to the selection of a tax year-end for partnerships generally requires the partnership to adopt a tax year with the same year-end as its partners who own a majority interest in the partnership.
According to the tax rules governing the choice of a partnership's tax year-end, the partnership must normally adopt a tax year with the same year-end as its partners who hold a majority interest in the partnership. This period is referred to as the "tax year of the majority partners."
However, the partnership might be permitted to adopt a different tax year-end if it can demonstrate a business justification for a different tax year. A tax expert's advice is advised for partnerships to ensure compliance with applicable tax laws and regulations because the rules governing the choice of a tax year for partnerships can be complicated.
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Essay help!!!
What does Ruggiero (and others like him) mean when they express the sentiment
that “Terrorism is what the other person does; what we do is anti-terrorism” and
suggests that this sentiment ought to be the basis of all critical criminology and that
for many reasons political violence theory ought to at least study the other point of
view because terrorists might turn out in the flow of history to be in the right? If this
can be assumed true, what are the theoretical implications that flow from this (that
terrorists might be right) and what are those other reasons for this new direction
criminology might take on terrorism and other crime?
Ruggiero and others view terrorism as what others do, and what their group does is anti-terrorism. This biased view reflects a lack of impartiality and a preference for their own perspective.
What is the Terrorism about?Ruggiero proposes objective critical criminology that includes studying political violence theory from all perspectives, even terrorists' viewpoints, as they may be correct. This has significant theoretical implications. The definition of terrorism is contested and contextual. Consider historical and political factors.
Critical criminology takes a broader view of terrorism, connecting it to power dynamics and social injustices. It highlights the importance of addressing underlying political and economic factors, and promoting dialogue instead of relying on force.
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disadvantages of communicating with people of diverse cultures in law enforcement invironment
Answer:
Explanation:
Communicating with people of diverse cultures in law enforcement environments can be challenging and may lead to several disadvantages. One significant disadvantage is the potential for cultural misunderstandings. Law enforcement officers may misunderstand the cultural practices and values of individuals from different cultures, leading to ineffective communication, misinterpretation of behavior, and even mistreatment. In addition, communication barriers such as language differences may hinder effective communication, leading to confusion and frustration. These misunderstandings can result in a lack of trust and confidence in law enforcement officials, which can lead to tension, conflict, and even violence. It is, therefore, important for law enforcement officials to be trained in cultural sensitivity and effective communication techniques to overcome these challenges and foster positive relationships with diverse communities.
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Essay help!!!
What does Ruggiero (and others like him) mean when they express the sentiment
that “Terrorism is what the other person does; what we do is anti-terrorism” and
suggests that this sentiment ought to be the basis of all critical criminology and that
for many reasons political violence theory ought to at least study the other point of
view because terrorists might turn out in the flow of history to be in the right? If this
can be assumed true, what are the theoretical implications that flow from this (that
terrorists might be right) and what are those other reasons for this new direction
criminology might take on terrorism and other crime?
The estimation passed by Ruggiero and others that "fear mongering is what the other individual does; what we do is anti-terrorism" proposes a one-sided see towards characterizing fear based oppression based on one's claim gather character.
What is the Essay?This state of mind reflects a need of unbiasedness and a inclination for one's claim viewpoint over an objective view of the circumstance.
Ruggiero recommends that basic criminology ought to be based on a more objective approach, which incorporates an open-minded think about of political savagery hypothesis from distinctive points of view, indeed from those labeled as fear mongers, since it may turn out that they are within the right. If the fact that we assume that psychological militants can be right in a few circumstances, the real implications are far-reaching.
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The sociological school assumes that law natural and operates outside the control of sectional -------
a.
motives
b.
interests
c.
prestige
d.
laws
The sociological school assumes that law natural and operates outside the control of sectional d. laws.
Describe natural law.Natural law is a philosophical idea that contends that some fundamental moral and ethical principles can be found in nature and can be understood by reason and observation. No of a person's culture or personal views, these concepts are thought to be universal and apply to everyone. Positive law, which is created by humans and may differ between different civilizations or legal systems, is sometimes contrasted with natural law. Natural law proponents contend that it offers a foundation for impartial moral principles that can direct individuals and societies in reaching just and equitable judgments. However, there is disagreement among philosophers over how precisely natural law can be identified and used in daily life.
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the basis for zoning and other land use control laws is:
The basis for zoning and other land use control laws is to regulate and control the use and development of land in order to promote the health, safety, and welfare of the public.
Zoning laws typically divide a jurisdiction, such as a city or county, into different zones or districts, each with specific permitted uses, restrictions, and requirements. This helps to ensure that incompatible land uses are separated and that the overall character and quality of the community are preserved. Zoning laws may also regulate factors such as building heights, setbacks, parking requirements, and other aspects of development.
Other land use control laws, such as environmental regulations and building codes, also serve to protect public health, safety, and welfare by regulating the impact of development on the environment and ensuring that buildings are constructed to meet certain standards for safety and quality.
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If the fish and game department were concerned about the declining trout population in a specific river, all of the following are actions it could take to address the problem EXCEPT
Answer:
An action that may not be taken is adding a non-native trout species to the river.
Explanation:
The one action that the fish and game department should not take is to introduce non-native trout species to the river. This could lead to competition with native trout species and could even lead to the extinction of native trout populations.
A. A committee of eight people must choose a president, a vice president, and a secretary.Two of the committee members are Ellen and Jose. Assume the assignments are made at random.1.What is the probability that Jose is president and Ellen is vice president?2.What is the probability that either Ellen or Jose is president and the other is vice president?
There are two ways in which this scenario can occur: either Jose is president and Ellen is vice president or Ellen is president and Jose is vice president.
The probability of each individual scenario was calculated in part 1, and we multiply by 2 to account for both possibilities.
1.The probability that Jose is president and Ellen is vice president is:
(1/8) * (1/7) = 1/56
There is a 1 in 8 chance that Jose will be chosen as president and then a 1 in 7 chance that Ellen will be chosen as vice president from the remaining committee members.
2.The probability that either Ellen or Jose is president and the other is vice president is:
2 * (1/8) * (1/7) = 1/28.
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Edie files a suit against Frank. If this suit is like most cases, it will be
a. dismissed during a trial.
b. dismissed or settled before a trial
c. resolved only after a trial.
d. settled at a trial
In a typical legal case where Edie files a suit against Frank, it is likely that the case will be dismissed or settled before a trial takes place. Option B is correct.
This is because the majority of legal cases are resolved through settlements or dismissals rather than going to trial. Settlements occur when the parties involved negotiate an agreement to resolve the dispute without going to trial. Dismissals can happen for a variety of reasons, such as lack of evidence, procedural errors, or voluntary dismissal by the plaintiff.
Trials are usually seen as a last resort, as they can be time-consuming and expensive for all parties involved. Additionally, trials can be unpredictable, and the outcome is ultimately in the hands of a judge or jury. Overall, the legal system aims to resolve disputes in the most efficient and fair manner possible, and settling or dismissing a case before a trial is often the preferred method.
Option B holds true.
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when sentencing a young person during the court process,four factors should be kept in mind,one of which is an attempt to restore harmony between the young person and the society. identity the other three options to be considered
The other three options to be considered when sentencing a young person during court process are rehabilitation, proportionality and deterrence.
Factors to be considered during sentencingThree factors that should be considered when sentencing a young person during the court process are:
Rehabilitation: The aim should be to reform the young person and help them become responsible and productive members of society.Proportionality: The sentence should be proportionate to the gravity of the offense and take into account the young person's age, level of maturity, and other relevant factors.Deterrence: The sentence should deter the young person from engaging in criminal behavior in the future and send a message to others that such behavior will not be tolerated.Read more about court order at: https://brainly.com/question/30053820
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Like state courts, the opinions of the federal courts are published in bound volumes called Reporters after:
a panel of jurors votes for the majority needed.
all of the judges on the relevant court of appeals sit in on the case.
only one of the judges writes the opinion without the consent of the co-judges.
the opinion is dismissed by the state court.
Like state courts, the opinions of the federal courts are published in bound volumes called Reporters after: Only one of the judges writes the opinion without the consent of the co-judges.
What is federal courts?Federal courts are courts established by the United States Constitution, Congress, and/or the President. The federal court system is divided into three levels, with the lowest level being the district courts. These district courts handle the majority of cases and are the only courts that provide a jury trial. The district courts are followed by the circuit courts, which are the courts of appeal. Above the circuit courts are the Supreme Court of the United States, the court of last resort. Federal courts have jurisdiction over cases involving the Constitution, laws, and treaties of the United States, as well as controversies between states. Additionally, they have jurisdiction over cases involving foreign citizens and governments. While federal courts are responsible for handling most criminal and civil cases, state courts typically handle cases involving state laws.
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What situation in criminal justice research/practice would require a hypothesis test to examine if there is a significant difference in observed and expected frequencies
Hypothesis testing is often used in criminal justice research and practice to compare observed and expected frequencies in order to determine if there is a significant difference.
For example, an analyst may want to compare the actual number of crimes committed in a particular area to the expected number of crimes in that area. If the analyst determines that the observed number of crimes is significantly higher than the expected number, then the analyst may conclude that there is a problem with crime in that area.
Similarly, a hypothesis test can be used to compare the actual number of convictions in a particular court to the expected number of convictions. If the observed number of convictions is significantly lower than the expected number, then the analyst may conclude that the court is not adequately punishing offenders.
Hypothesis testing can also be used to compare the actual number of repeat offenders to the expected number of repeat offenders. If the observed number of repeat offenders is significantly higher than the expected number, then the analyst may conclude that the criminal justice system is not effectively deterring offenders from reoffending.
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Why should the pass rate in higher education be lowered to 40%
under family attribution, individuals are treated as owning the shares of stock owned by their ______.
Under family attribution, individuals are treated as owning the shares of stock owned by their family members.
This means that if a person's spouse, parents, children, or siblings own shares of a particular stock, those shares are considered to be owned by the person as well for tax and regulatory purposes. This can be important in cases where the ownership of a particular stock can impact a person's tax liability or regulatory compliance obligations.It's worth noting that family attribution rules can be complex and can vary depending on the specific jurisdiction and context. In some cases, there may be exceptions or exemptions that apply to certain types of ownership or relationships. It's important to consult with a qualified tax or legal professional for guidance on how family attribution rules may apply to your specific situation.
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In a short essay, describe how a private security and public law enforcement partnership could threaten civil liberties of the public?
Answer:
A partnership between private security and public law enforcement has the potential to threaten the civil liberties of the public in several ways.
Firstly, private security firms operate independently from the government, and their primary goal is to protect the interests of their clients. When they collaborate with public law enforcement, their interests may not align with the public's interests. The private security firms may use their influence to push the law enforcement agencies to take actions that benefit their clients, even if these actions may not be in the public's best interest. This could lead to biased enforcement of the law and an increased risk of civil liberties violations.
Secondly, private security firms may not have the same level of accountability as public law enforcement agencies. While public law enforcement agencies are subject to scrutiny and oversight, private security firms are not. Therefore, when these two entities collaborate, there may be a lack of transparency and accountability that could lead to abuses of power.
Thirdly, private security firms may have access to technology and resources that public law enforcement agencies do not have. This could give them an advantage in surveillance and monitoring activities, increasing the risk of privacy violations.
In conclusion, a partnership between private security and public law enforcement agencies could put the civil liberties of the public at risk by promoting biased enforcement, lack of accountability, and increased surveillance. Therefore, it is important to ensure that such partnerships are closely monitored and regulated to prevent abuses of power.
Explain some of the benefits and drawbacks of using social media within a criminal investigation.
Please write a full sentence or l report you.
In order to identify perpetrators, social media forensics collects, examines, and stores data, photos, videos, and other technical evidence that is available to the public through social media sources.
What advantages and disadvantages do social media have in helping law enforcement investigate crimes?One advantage of social media is that it has made it simpler to communicate with our friends and family throughout the world and to solve crimes. Online crimes including identity theft, fraud, hacking, cyberstalking, and bullying are nevertheless one of the downsides.
How may researchers utilize social media in their work?When conducting a social media investigation, a private detective will search for phrases and posts related to the goals of the investigation. Powerful software is typically used by them to search, keep an eye on activity, and set up notifications for new postings and account creations.
What advantages do social networking sites offer in lowering crime?Investigative work is being done on social media sites to fight crime. They give police departments a channel of communication with the public. Moreover, they enable the police to engage and interact with their communities in novel ways that could even change the game.
Which disadvantages do social media present to law enforcement?A law enforcement officer's reputation is extremely important. Via social media, anyone may easily criticize the character of a police officer. When an officer's integrity is called into doubt, investigations and witness evidence in court are put in jeopardy. Internet assaults on the integrity of law enforcement officials are a persistent danger.
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During review, the Supreme Court shall be constituted by not less than five justices of the Supreme Court. TRUE/FALSE.
Answer:
FALSE.
According to the Constitution of the United States, there is no set minimum number of justices required to constitute the Supreme Court. However, historically, the Court has consisted of nine justices, and this number has remained unchanged since 1869.
Explanation:
what is a major concern about COMPSTATs effectiveness? -
Compstat as a policing tactic gained popularity as a result of the notable decline in crime that occurred in New York City in the 1990s.
Compstat has received a lot of attention from academics and police practitioners as an innovative management method in policing. Despite its widespread use, the scientific efficacy of the Compstat method has not received much empirical investigation. Few research has also focused on Compstat tactics used outside of New York City during the 2000s. The current study examined whether Compstat led to a noticeable increase in "broken windows" arrests (minor nuisance offenses) and, using multivariate time-series analysis, the role of the Compstat strategy in explaining changes in violent, property, and total index crimes. Compstat was used by the FWPD to analyze monthly time-series arrest and crime data over a multi-year period.
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raul, a u.s. citizen lives in costa rica. raul's household includes a friend mariana who is age 19 and a citizen of costa rica. raul provides all of marianas support.
Mariana is receiving fair compensation and treatment. Overall, Raul's status as a US citizen living in Costa Rica has implications not only for himself, but also for the people in his household like Mariana.
Since Raul is a US citizen and lives in Costa Rica, he must follow the laws and regulations of Costa Rica as well as those of the United States. Raul's household includes Mariana, who is a 19-year-old citizen of Costa Rica. As a citizen, Mariana is entitled to certain rights and privileges, such as the right to work and access to public services. However, since Raul provides all of Mariana's support, he must ensure that he is following the rules and regulations for employing someone in Costa Rica. Additionally, he must also make sure that Mariana is receiving fair compensation and treatment. Overall, Raul's status as a US citizen living in Costa Rica has implications not only for himself, but also for the people in his household like Mariana.
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Mariana is being treated and compensated fairly. Overall, Raul's situation as a US citizen residing in Costa Rica has effects for Mariana and other members of his family as well as Raul.
Raul must abide by both Costa Rican and American rules and regulations because he holds dual citizenship and resides there. Mariana, a Costa Rican citizen who is 19 years old, lives with Raul. Mariana has access to a number of benefits and rights as a citizen, including the ability to work and use public services. Raul must make sure he is abiding by Costa Rica's employment laws, though, as he is the sole provider of Mariana's support.
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all of the following are aspects of the political/legal segment of the general environment except: a. attitudes and values. b. taxation laws. c. antitrust laws. d. deregulation philosophies.
Option B is correct.
Taxation laws. A collection of rules known as tax law controls the tax that people must pay to the government.
Which seven general environment parts are there?PESTEL is a framework that considers all environmental elements that may have an influence on an organization, including political, economic, sociocultural, technical, environmental, and legal ones.
Which area of the broader environment describes the type and trajectory of the economy in which a business competes or may compete?Given their potential implications across international borders and the fact that many businesses compete in international marketplaces, demographic categories are frequently studied on a global scale. The economy in which a business competes or may compete is discussed in this section, along with its nature and direction.
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