The Angular velocity is 1.165 rad/s.
What is horizontal force?
Horizontal force is defined as a force applied in a direction perpendicular to the horizon. There are two parts to the force applied to a body: a horizontal component as well as a vertical component. The horizontal component of a force, as its name implies, is directed parallel to the surface, while the vertical component is directed perpendicular to a position of the body. In nature, almost all moving things have both vertical and horizontal components of force.
F = 40 N
m= 10 kg = 98.1 N
r= 0.3 m
Circumference of circle = 1.884 m
The Centre of the circle moves 1.884 m then the angle of rotation is 360
Applying the circle arc length formula (s = r θ)
s= 3 -1.884 = 1.116m
θ= 2310
F = m x v2 /r
V = sqrt(F x r/m)
= sqrt(40 x 0.3 / 98.1)
= 0.35 m/s
Angular velocity ω,
= v/r
= 0.35/0.3
=1.165 rad/s
Hence, the angular velocity is 1.165 rad/s
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how many times more energy would need to be transferred to the plastic for it to get as warm as the glass? assume that the mass and the change in temperature are the same for both materials.
The energy will be transferred unless both the plastic and glass are at the same temperature, and there's no heat transfer.
The total amount of energy in the universe has never changed and will never change because it cannot be created or destroyed. This does not imply that energy cannot change forms or even move between objects though; it does.
The internal energy of a system as a result of its temperature is referred to as thermal energy. The molecules that make up a substance move more quickly as it is heated, gaining thermal energy via the transmission of heat. The term "heat" refers to the thermal energy being transported from a hotter system to a cooler one. Temperature is used to assess the degree of "hotness" or "coldness" of an object. There are three methods by that thermal energy can be transferred: conduction, convection, and radiation.
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A spacecraft orbits mars (mass = 6.40 x 10^23 kg) in a circular orbit of radius 8.01 x 10^5 km. What is the period of the spacecraft?
Answer:
Explanation:
Given:
M = 6,40·10²³ kg
R = 8.01·10⁵ km = 8.01·10⁸ m
G = 6.67·10⁻¹¹ N·m²/kg²
____________________
T - ?
Orbital speed:
V = √ ( G·M / R) = √ (6.67·10⁻¹¹·6,40·10²³ / 8.01·10⁸) ≈ 220 m/s
Orbit length:
D = 2·π·R = 2·3.14·8,01·10⁸ = 5·10⁹ m
Period:
T = D / V = 5·10⁹ / 220 ≈ 23·10⁶ s = 266 days
a trash compactor can reduce the volume of its contents to 0.808 their original value. neglecting the mass of air expelled, by what factor is the density of the rubbish increased?
The factor by which the density is increased F = 2.86.
What is density?The amount of something per unit of length, area, or volume: as the substance's mass per unit volume given in grams per cubic centimeter is density.How much "stuff" is contained in a specific quantity of space is factor of its density. For instance, a block of the harder, lighter element gold (Au) will be denser than a block of the heavier element lead (Pb) (Au). Styrofoam blocks are less dense than bricks. Mass per unit volume serves as its definition.This equation can be used to determine an object's or substance's density: Mass in kilograms divided by volume in meters cubed gives density in kilograms per square meter (p = m/v).To learn more about density from the given link :
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Calculate the effective value of g, the acceleration of gravity, at (a) 6400 m, and (b) 6400 km, above the earth's surface.
The gravitational acceleration at 6400 m is 9.74 m/s² and at 6400 km is 2.43 m/s².
We need to know about the gravitational field to solve this problem. The gravitational field is the area where affected by gravitational force. The magnitude of the gravitational field can be calculated by this equation
g = G . m / (R+r)²
where g is the gravitational field, G is gravitational constant (6.67 x 10¯¹¹ Nm²/kg²), m is the mass of the planet and r is the radius of the planet
From the question above, we know that
m = 5.94 x 10²⁴ kg
R = 6371000 m
ra = 6400 m
rb = 6400000 m
Find the gravitational acceleration at 6400 m
g = G . m / (R + r)²
g = 6.67 x 10¯¹¹ . 5.94 x 10²⁴ / (6371000 + 6400)²
g = 9.74 m/s²
Find the gravitational acceleration at 6400 km
g = G . m / (R + r)²
g = 6.67 x 10¯¹¹ . 5.94 x 10²⁴ / (6371000 + 6400000)²
g = 2.43 m/s²
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a negatively charged electroscope has separated leaves. (a) suppose you bring a negatively charged rod close to the top of the electroscope, but not touching. how will the leaves respond? (b) how will the leaves respond if you bring a positively charged rod close to the top of the electroscope, but not touching?
The leaves of a negatively charged electroscope will move apart if a positively charged rod is brought close to the top of the electroscope, but not touching it.
What is an electroscope?
An early scientific tool used to find an electrical charge on a body is called an electroscope. The movement of a test object caused by the Coulomb electrostatic force is used to detect charge. An object's charge is inversely proportional to its voltage.
part a) leaves will repel. leaves will move further apart.
part b) all the negative moves to the top to get closer to the positive leaves go back together as an excess negative move to the top. leaves separate less.
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explain what you observed when you held the magnet close to the tube. why did the beam get deflected the way you observed? more specifically, why does it spiral instead of just changing the radius?
The magnetic field lines will combine when the magnet is closer to the the cathode ray tube, bending the beam of electrons as a result. The magnet pole orientation on either side of the cathode ray tube determines which way it bends.
what is magnrtic field lines?
Magnetic field lines are the lines that make up a magnetic field; their tangents at different points indicate the direction and amplitude of the field, respectively. The number of magnetic field lines affects how strong the magnetic field is.
B and H are used to denote the magnetic field. The SI units for B and H are Newtons per metre per ampere or Teslas, respectively.
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The magnetic field lines will combine when the magnet is closer to the the cathode ray tube, bending the beam of electrons as a result. The magnet pole orientation on either side of the cathode ray tube determines which way it bends.
What is magnrtic field lines?
Magnetic field lines are the lines that make up a magnetic field; their tangents at different points indicate the direction and amplitude of the field, respectively. The number of magnetic field lines affects how strong the magnetic field is.
B and H are used to denote the magnetic field. The SI units for B and H are Newtons per metre per ampere or Teslas, respectively.
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pat wants to move a 11.3 kg box across a level floor. the coefficient of kinetic friction between the box and the floor is 0.41. after pat has started the box moving, what strength push force (in n) will be required to keep the box moving at a constant speed?
The force required to keep the box moving at a constant speed is 45.4 N
What is friction force?Friction is the force that resists relative motion as elements of solid surfaces, fluid layers, and materials slide over each other. A type of contact force that exists between contact surfaces.
We know that;
Fₙ = m × a
Where, Fₙ = Net force
m = mass of the object (11.3 kg)
a = acceleration
Since the box is moving with a constant speed which means there is no acceleration.
Fₙ = 11.3 × 0
Fₙ = 0
Now,
Fₓ = μmg
Where, Fₓ = Friction force
μ = coefficient of kinetic friction (0.41)
m = mass of the box (11.3 kg)
g = gravitational acceleration (9.8m/s²)
Fₓ = 0.41 × 11.3 × 9.8
Fₓ = 45.4 N
We know that,
Fₙ = Fₐ - Fₓ
Where, Fₙ = Net force
Fₐ = Applied force
Fₓ = Friction force
Since Fₙ = 0, then:
0 = Fₐ - 45.4
Fₐ = 45.4 N
Therefore, if the kinetic friction force is equal to the applied force, the acceleration will be zero and the body will move with constant velocity.
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The following steps lead to convection in the atmospheres of giant planets. Place the following in order, following (a).
a. Gravity pulls particles toward the center.
b. Warm material rises and expands.
c. Particles fall toward the center, converting gravitational energy to kinetic energy.
d. Expanding materials cools.
e. Thermal energy heats the material.
f. Friction converts kinetic energy to thermal energy.
Place the following in order, following (a) are:
a. Gravity pulls particles toward the center.
c. Particles fall toward the center, converting gravitational energy to kinetic energy.
f. Friction converts kinetic energy to thermal energy.
e. Thermal energy heats the material.
b. Warm material rises and expands.
d. Expanding materials cool.
In physics, gravity is an essential interplay that reasons mutual appeal between all things with mass or electricity. Gravity is, through a long way, the weakest of the 4 essential interactions, approximately 1038 instances weaker than the sturdy interaction, 1036 times weaker than the electromagnetic force, and 1029 instances weaker than the susceptible interplay. As an end result, it has no tremendous influence on the extent of subatomic debris. but, gravity is the biggest interaction between gadgets on the macroscopic scale, and it determines the movement of planets, stars, galaxies, or even light.
The gravitational enchantment between the authentic gaseous count within the Universe allowed it to coalesce and shape stars which in the end condensed into galaxies, so gravity is answerable for some of the huge-scale systems within the Universe. Gravity has a limitless range, despite the fact that its consequences emerge as weaker as objects get farther away.
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What is the main difference between vulnerability scanning and penetration testing?.
The main difference between vulnerability scanning and penetration testing is the automation.
A vulnerability scan is an automated, high-level test which looks for potential vulnerabilities and reports those vulnerabilities. A vulnerability scan is also known as vulnerability assessment. It assesses computers, systems and networks for security weaknesses.
A penetration test is done by a real person rather an automated machine. It is a detailed hands on examination that tries to detect and exploit weaknesses in your system. A penetration test simulates a hacker's attempt to get into a business system through research and the exploitation of vulnerabilities.
Therefore, the main difference between vulnerability scanning and penetration testing is the automation.
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jumping up before the elevator hits. after the cable snaps and the safety system fails, an elevator cab free-falls from a height of 36 m. during the collision at the bottom of the elevator shaft, a 90 kg passenger is stopped in 5.0 ms. (assume that neither the passenger nor the cab rebounds.) what are the magnitudes of the (a) impulse and (b) average force on the passenger during the collision? if the passenger were to jump upward with a speed of 7.0 m/s relative to the cab floor just before the cab hits the bottom of the shaft, what are the magnitudes of the (c) impulse and (d) average force (assuming the same stopping time)?
( a) By energy conservation, the speed of the passenger when the elevator hits the floor is
1 / 2 mv2 = mgh
v = √2gh
Substituting the values we can find the value of v = 26.6 m/s
The magnitude of the impulse is
J=∣Δp∣=m∣Δν∣=mν=(90kg)(26.6m/s)≈2.39×10 3 N⋅s .
(b) With duration of Δt=5.0×10 −3 s for the collision , average force is
F avg = J /Δt
= 2.39×10 N⋅s / 5.0×10 −3 s N⋅s
≈4.78×10 5 N .
(c) If the passenger were to jump upward with a speed of ν =7.0m/s , then the resulting downward velocity would be
ν ′′ =ν−ν =26.6m/s−7.0nm/s=19.6m/s ,
and the magnitude of the impulse becomes
J ′′=∣Δp ′′ ∣=m∣Δν ′′ ∣=mν ′′
=(90kg)(19.6m/s)≈1.76×10 3 N⋅s .
(d) The corresponding average force would be
F avg′′= J ′′Δt = 1. 76×10 3 N⋅s / 5.0×10 −3 s
≈3.52×10 5 N .
This is how we can determine impulse , average force before collision and at the stopping time.
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20.) In an experiment that measures how fast a student reacts, a meter stick dropped
from rest falls 0.20 meter before the student catches it. The reaction time of the student approximately
a)0.30s
b)0.20s
c)0.10s
d)0.40s
The reaction time of the student is approximately 0.2 s (Option B)
How do I determine the reaction time of the student?Considering the question given above, the following formula can be use to obtain the time
h = ½gt²
Where
h is the heightg is the acceleration due to gravityt is the timeNow, let us calculate the reaction time of the student. This is shown below:
Height (h) = 0.20 meterAcceleration due to gravity (g) = 9.8 m/s²Reaction time (t) = ?h = ½gt²
0.20 = ½ × 9.8 × t²
0.20 = 4.9 × t²
Divide both side by 4.9
t² = 0.20 / 4.9
Take the square root of both side
t = √(0.20 / 4.9)
t = 0.2 s
Thus, the reaction time is 0.2 s (Option B)
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A train traveled 250 kilometers (km) from its starting point in 5 hours (h). Calculate the speed of the train.
The calculated value of speed is 250km/hr x 5h = 50km/hr. The typical top speed of high-speed trains is 300-350 km/h.
Speed is calculated as follows: speed = distance * time. Knowing the units for distance and time is necessary to calculate the units for speed. The units will be in metres per second (m/s) in this example since the distance is measured in metres (m) and the time is measured in seconds (s). A megabit is one million bits, which are incredibly small pieces of data. Our internet activity should run more quickly the higher your Mbps (megabits per second) figure is.
speed =distance / time
= 250/5
=50 km / h
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a man falls 2.0 m to the floor (assume down to be negative) how long does the fall take? what is his velocity when he hits the floor?
The time taken for the man to reach the ground is 0.64 s and his velocity on reaching the round is 6.26 m/s.
How long does it take the man to fall?Given that we can be able to use the equations of kinematics to obtain the time that it took the man to fall to the floor. Using the equation;
v^2 = u^2 + 2gh
v = final velocity
u = initial velocity
g = acceleration due to gravity
h = height attained
Note that u= 0 m/s since he dropped from a height;
v= √2gh
v = √2 * 9.8 * 2
v = 6.26 m/s
Again;
v = u + gt
Again u= 0 m/s
v = gt
t = v/g
t = 6.26 m/s/9.8 m/s
t = 0.64 m/s
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6. If displacement of a particle is zero, the distance covered by
a.may or may not be zero
b.must be zero
c.must not be zero
d. Must be unity
could you help me answer these question? thank you!
The isotope that is best for the preservation of food is technetium.
Which isotope is better for the irradiation of food?We know that a radioactive isotope is one that does decay after some time. This implies that the radioactive isotope would undergo the process of spontaneous disintegration and gradually disappears as it is converted to the daughter nucleus which may not be radioactive.
In this case, we know that what is being irradiated is food hence we have to look at the various options of the isotopes that we have and then look at the one that has the shortest half life.
The reason why we must go this way is that the isotope that has the shortest half life is more likely to be completely decayed in a short time before the food is consumed thereby posing no threat to the consumer.
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Energy released by the electron transport chain is used to pump h+ ions into which location.
Energy released by the electron transport chain is used to pump h+ ions into the mitochondrial inner membrane space.
Describe the process of electron transport?
The last phase of aerobic respiration is electron transport. In this phase, energy from the Krebs cycle products NADH and FADH2 is converted to ATP.Energy from the chemical bonds in glucose is stored at the end of the Krebs Cycle in a variety of energy carrier molecules, including four ATPs, two FADH2 molecules, and ten NADH molecules.Transferring energy from the electron carriers to additional ATP molecules, the "batteries" that power the work within the cell, is the main function of the final step of cellular respiration, the electron transport chain.The electron transport networks employed in photosynthesis are similar to the pathways for ATP generation in stage 3 of aerobic respiration. Energy-carrying electrons cascade from one to another in both electron transport chains, losing a small amount of energy along the way because energy carrier molecules are arranged in a specific order within a membrane.
The electron transport chain, often known as the "respiratory chain," is embedded in the inner membrane of the mitochondria during aerobic respiration. The FADH2 and NADH molecules generated during glycolysis and the Krebs Cycle provide high-energy electrons to energy carrier molecules inside the membrane. In order to pump hydrogen ions into the mitochondrial intermembrane gap and produce an electrochemical gradient, they lose energy as they go from one carrier to another.
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How many more seconds are required for the fan to come to rest if the angular acceleration remains constant at the value calculated in part A?
An electric fan is turned off, and its angular speed decreases uniformly from 720 rev/min to 200 rev/min in a time interval of period 3.25.
In mechanics, acceleration is the price of trade of the rate of an item with recognition to time. Accelerations are vector quantities. The orientation of an item's acceleration is given by means of the orientation of the internet force performing on that item.
According to Newton's second regulation of movement, the acceleration of an object equals the internet force performing on it divided via its mass, or a = F m . This equation for acceleration can be used to calculate the acceleration of an object while its mass and the internet force appearing on it are regarded.
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if you showed a child with concrete operations two identical short, wide glasses with the same amount of water in them and then poured one of the glasses of water into a taller, thinner glass, the child would likely say that:
Since the water level is higher in the tall, thin glass than it is in the shorter glass, there is more water in it.
Water is a liquid that possesses a variety of anomalies in its specific volume, as well as unusually high melting and boiling temperatures, a significant heat capacity, one of the highest dielectric constants among non-metallic liquids, and a number of other anomalies. Water is also a very effective solvent because it can dissolve a wide variety of substances. Water is widely accessible in all three states due to its low freezing and boiling points deu to temperature. Water, a substance that exists in the gaseous, liquid, and solid states and is made up of the chemical elements hydrogen and oxygen, has a very high specific heat. It is among the most common and necessary compounds. At room temperature, it is an odorless, tasteless liquid with the significant property of dissolving many other substances.
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a 1.0 m long wire is placed perpendicular to a magnetic field of strength 0.20 t. if the wire experiences a force of 0.60 n, what is the magnitude of the current moving through the wire?
I = 3.0A
What is current?
A stream of charged particles, such as electrons or ions, traveling through an electrical conductor or a vacuum is known as an electric current. The net rate of electric charge flowing through a surface or into a control volume is how it is calculated.
For a current-carrying wire running perpendicular to a magnetic field, the magnetic force acting on the wire is given by:
F = ILB
F = magnetic force, I = current, L = wire length, B = magnetic field strength
Given values:
F = 0.60N, L = 1.0m, B = 0.20T
Plug in and solve for I:
0.60 = I(1.0)(0.20)
I = 3.0A
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a 200 lb man carries a 20 lb can of paint up a helical staircase that encircles a silo with radius 15 ft. if the silo is 120 ft high and the man makes exactly four complete revolutions, how much work is done by the man against gravity in climbing to the top? ft-lbs
The work is done by the man against gravity in climbing to the top with a 20 lb can of paint up a helical staircase that encircles a silo with a radius of 15 ft. if the silo is 120 ft high and the man makes exactly four complete revolutions is 25200 lb-ft.
What is Work done?When an external force moves an object over a distance, at least a portion of that force must be exerted in the direction of the displacement. Physics refers to this as work. If the force acting along the path is constant, the amount of work can be calculated by multiplying the length of the path by the force's component.
Formally, W = fd means that the work is equal to the force f times the length d. If the force is applied at an angle to the displacement, the work is W = fd cos.
Given:
The mass of man, m = 200 lb,
The mass of the can, M = 20 lb,
Calculate the work done y the following formula,
W = [tex]\int\limits^{120}_0} \,(215 -1/12y ) dy[/tex]
Here W is work done
Integrate the above equation, and we get,
W = 25200 lb ft.
Therefore, work is done by the man against gravity in climbing to the top with a 20 lb can of paint up a helical staircase that encircles a silo with a radius of 15 ft. if the silo is 120 ft high and the man makes exactly four complete revolutions is 25200 lb ft.
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Explain how the distances between particles in a solid, liquid, and a gas help determine the desitys of each.
Answer:
The particles have more distance in them which impacts the density.
Explanation:
A solid's particles are much more closer together than that of a liquid's particles. Same thing goes for gas particles(they are much more far apart than liquid particles). This is why solids usually are more denser than liquids and gas, due to the way their particles are structured. Hope this helps!
A parallel-plate capacitor is constructed of two square plates, size l×l, separated by distance d. The plates are given charge ±q. Let's consider how the electric field changes if one of these variables is changed while the others are held constant.
Parallel Plate Capacitors are formed by an association of electrodes and insulating material or dielectric. A parallel plate capacitor can simplest shop a finite quantity of electricity before a dielectric breakdown happens.
A capacitor works on the precept that the capacitance of a conductor suggests boom whilst an earthed conductor is added near it. therefore, the capacitor has parallel plates dealing with each other in contrary instructions and are separated through ways or holes.
The most effective layout for a capacitor is a parallel plate, which consists of two metallic plates with an opening among them: electrons are located onto one plate the terrible plate, while an equal amount of electrons are removed from the opposite plate the fantastic plate.
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What is the SECOND major step?
O Revising and editing
O Writing a rough draft
O Organizing your essay
O Generating ideas and choosing strategies
Answer:
O Writing a rough draft
Explanation:
Thats the second step after generating ideas and choosing.
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The big surprise about the first planet discovered around another regular star was that it.
The primary surprise regarding the first planet found orbiting another regular star was the fact that its orbit took only 4 days to complete.
What method was employed by astronomers to make the first verified discovery of a planet orbiting a star similar to the Sun?Astronomy has long employed the method, also known as the radial velocity method. The same telescope that astronomers used to find this planet was also used to find the first planet ever discovered around a sun-like star using radial velocity.
Finding exoplanets can be done using the Doppler method. The motion and characteristics of the star and planet are examined using the Doppler effect. The planet and the star are revolving around the same mass.
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A horizontal force of 20 N is applied to the object.
Draw a free body diagram with the forces to scale.
Determine the force of friction.
Determine the acceleration of the object.
The acceleration of the object with a horizontal force of 20N is 4.4 m/s².
How to Determine Horizontal Acceleration in Frictional Systems
Here, the angle of repose
a = tan⁻¹ (45)
a = tan⁻¹(1/5)
a = 11.3°
The angle of inclination is greater than the angle of repose.
The friction force on the block will act in an upward direction.
For the acceleration of the block:
MgsinΘ - μN = Ma
a = gsinΘ - μg cosΘ
a = g (sinΘ - u cosΘ)
a = 10 (sin37 - μ cos37)
a = 10 (0.6 - 0.2 * 4/5)
a = 10 ( 0.6 -0.16)
a = 4.4 m/s²
Thus the acceleration of the object is 4.4 m/s².
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a young's double-slit interference experiment is performed with monochromatic light. the separation between the slits is 0.38 mm. the interference pattern on the screen 3.8 m away shows the first maximum 4.7 mm from the center of the pattern. what is the wavelength of the light in nm?
The wavelength of the light is 470 nm.
Explain Young's double-slit interference experiment?
The Young's double-slit experiment is a proof in current physics that light and matter can exhibit properties of both classically defined waves and particles. It also shows that quantum mechanical processes are inherently probabilistic.
Bright Fringes' Position
A brilliant fringe to appear at P with maximal intensity
Path difference, z = n, where n = 0, 1, 2,...
Therefore, xd/D = n.
x = nλD/d
The nth brilliant fringe is located at a distance of
xn = nλD/d
Ist order maximum= λD/d
4.7 x 10^-3 = λ x 3.8 /0.38 x 10^-3
4.7 x 0.38 x 10^-6 / 3.8 = λ
λ = 0.47 x 10^-6 m
= 470 x 10^-9 m
Hence, The wavelength of the light is 470 nm.
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2. if water vapor comprises 1% of an air parcel whose total pressure is 1000 mb, the water vapor pressure would be ( ) mb?
Since water vapor makes up 1% of the air mass while that there are 1,000 mb of total pressure, the water evaporation rate would be 35 mb.
What is an illustration of pressure?By applying a scalpel to a slice of fruit, one can observe a basic pressure. The surface won't be cut if you press the flat section of the sword against the fruit. The force is dispersed over a broad region.
How can pressure be determined?Absolute, gauge, & differential pressure measurements are the three types. While gauge and difference pressures are reference to another pressure, such as the outside air pressure or the pressure in a nearby vessel, absolute pressure is defined as the maximum stress in a vacuum.
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using energy considerations and assuming negligible air resistance, show that a rock thrown from a bridge 20.0 m above water with an initial speed of 15.0 m/s strikes the water with a speed of 24.8 m/s independent of the direction thrown.
Using energy considerations Since Ef=Ei, a rock thrown from the tip of a bridge doesn't matter which direction it is thrown in.
Given that,
Height of the bridge is 20m
Initial before he throws the rock
The height is hi = 20 m
Then, final height hitting the water
hf = 0 m
Initial speed the rock is throw
Vi = 15m/s
The speed at final is at which the rock hits the water
Vf = 24.8 m/s
Using given energy conservation
Ki + Ui = Kf + Uf
Where
Ki is initial kinetic energy
Ui is initial potential energy
Kf is final kinetic energy
Uf is final potential energy
Then,
Ki + Ui = Kf + Uf
Where
Ei = Ki + Ui
Where Ei is initial energy
E i =1/2mVi² +m*g*hi
E i =1/2m × 15² + m *9.8*20
E i = 112.5m + 196m
E i = 308.5m J
Now,
E f = Kf + Uf
E f =1/2mVf² + m*g*hf
E f =1/2m*24.8² + m*9.8* 0
E f = 307.52m + 0
E f = 307.52m J
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under development at mit, photonic crystals allow solar panels to be twice as efficient by absorbing and converting the sun’s ___.
Under development at MIT, photonic crystals allow solar panels to be twice as efficient by absorbing and converting the sun’s Heat.
A periodic change in the refractive index characterizes an optical nanostructure known as a photonic crystal. Similar to how the shape of natural crystals causes X-ray diffraction and how semiconductors' atomic lattices (crystal structure) affect their conductivity of electrons, this has an impact on how light travels. In nature, photonic crystals take the shape of structural colouring and animal reflectors, and when created artificially, they hold promise for a variety of uses.
It is possible to create photonic crystals in one, two, or three dimensions. Thin film layers that are placed on top of one another can form one-dimensional photonic crystals. For two-dimensional ones, photolithography or drilling holes in an appropriate substrate can be used.
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cover the top half of a camera lens. what effect does this have on the pictures taken, if nothing else changes?
When we cover the top part of the lens, the image becomes dimmer. So we lose about half of the light from all areas of the object when we block half of the lens.
What is meant by an optical instrument?The camera is used to capture images, events, and so on. It is photographic and consists of a lens system convex lens and photographic film encased in a black box to make it light proof. The camera's operating mechanism is similar to the eye's, but the camera can also make tangible images.
The image becomes dimmer when we cover the top of the lens. This means that light from all areas of the object passes through all of the lens and then creates the image, so when we block half of the lens, we lose about half of the light from all areas of the object.
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