The firm's long-run supply curve is a horizontal line at the price level that corresponds to the minimum level of average total cost. If the price is above this level, the firm will earn profits, and if the price is below this level, the firm will incur losses.
In microeconomics, the perfectly competitive market is a type of market structure in which there are many buyers and sellers. A perfectly competitive firm has no market power, meaning it cannot influence the market price of its goods or services.
It is considered a price-taker, which means it must accept the market price as given. It produces goods or services at the lowest cost possible to maximize profits. In a perfectly competitive market, firms can enter or exit the market easily, and there are no barriers to entry.
As a result, in the long run, all firms in the market will earn normal profits, which is the minimum level of profit required to keep a firm in business. This occurs when the price of the good or service is equal to the average total cost of production.
The rising part of a perfectly competitive firm's marginal cost curve that is equal to or above points on its average variable cost curve is the firm's short-run supply curve. In the short run, a firm can adjust its production levels to meet changes in demand.
However, it cannot adjust its fixed costs, which are costs that do not change with changes in production levels. Therefore, in the short run, the firm's supply curve is determined by its variable costs, which are costs that change with changes in production levels.
In the long run, all costs are variable, so the firm's supply curve is its long-run supply curve. At the minimum level of average total cost, the firm earns normal profits, which is the minimum level of profit required to keep the firm in business.
Therefore, the firm's long-run supply curve is a horizontal line at the price level that corresponds to the minimum level of average total cost. If the price is above this level, the firm will earn profits, and if the price is below this level, the firm will incur losses.
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4-AREKS CORP. realize the production and marketing of a kind of an electrical appliance. Financial information of the business for a period are given below:
Unit Sale Price
Sales quantitiy
Production Quantity
Direct Material
Direct Labor
Variable Manufacturing Overhead
Fixed Manufacturing Overhead
Marketing Expenses
60$/Unit
29.100 Unit
35.200 Unit
12$/Unit
9 $/Unit
3 $/Unit
281.600 $
420.000 $
Administration Expenses
240.000 $
FIFO method is used fort he inventories.
a) Prepare the Income Statement with Full Costing Method,
b) Prepare the Income Statement with Variable Costing Method.
To prepare the income statement using the full costing method, we need to consider all the costs incurred in the production and sale of the electrical appliances. The income statement would include the following components:
a) Income Statement with Full Costing Method:
Sales Revenue:
Quantity Sold × Unit Sale Price = 29,100 units × $60 = $1,746,000
Cost of Goods Sold:
Direct Materials: Quantity Produced × Cost per Unit = 35,200 units × $12 = $422,400
Direct Labor: Quantity Produced × Cost per Unit = 35,200 units × $9 = $316,800
Variable Manufacturing Overhead: Quantity Produced × Cost per Unit = 35,200 units × $3 = $105,600
Total Manufacturing Cost = Direct Materials + Direct Labor + Variable Manufacturing Overhead
Total Manufacturing Cost = $422,400 + $316,800 + $105,600 = $844,800
Gross Profit:
Sales Revenue - Cost of Goods Sold = $1,746,000 - $844,800 = $901,200
Operating Expenses:
Fixed Manufacturing Overhead = $281,600
Marketing Expenses = $420,000
Administration Expenses = $240,000
Total Operating Expenses = Fixed Manufacturing Overhead + Marketing Expenses + Administration Expenses
Total Operating Expenses = $281,600 + $420,000 + $240,000 = $941,600
Net Income:
Gross Profit - Total Operating Expenses = $901,200 - $941,600 = -$40,400
b) To prepare the income statement using the variable costing method, we will only consider the variable costs directly associated with the production and sale of the electrical appliances. The income statement would include the following components:
b) Income Statement with Variable Costing Method:
Sales Revenue:
$1,746,000 (same as in the full costing method)
Variable Cost of Goods Sold:
Direct Materials: Quantity Produced × Cost per Unit = 35,200 units × $12 = $422,400
Direct Labor: Quantity Produced × Cost per Unit = 35,200 units × $9 = $316,800
Variable Manufacturing Overhead: Quantity Produced × Cost per Unit = 35,200 units × $3 = $105,600
Total Variable Manufacturing Cost = Direct Materials + Direct Labor + Variable Manufacturing Overhead
Total Variable Manufacturing Cost = $422,400 + $316,800 + $105,600 = $844,800
Variable Selling and Administrative Expenses:
Marketing Expenses = $420,000
Contribution Margin:
Sales Revenue - Variable Cost of Goods Sold - Variable Selling and Administrative Expenses
$1,746,000 - $844,800 - $420,000 = $481,200
Fixed Manufacturing Overhead: $281,600 (not included in the variable costing method)
Fixed Selling and Administrative Expenses:
Administration Expenses = $240,000
Net Income:
Contribution Margin - Fixed Manufacturing Overhead - Fixed Selling and Administrative Expenses
$481,200 - $281,600 - $240,000 = -$40,400
In both methods, the net income is -$40,400. The difference lies in the treatment of fixed manufacturing overhead. The full costing method allocates fixed manufacturing overhead to the cost of goods sold, while the variable costing method does not.
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labor groups represent ________ of the total number of interest groups registered to lobby in washington.
Labor groups represent a significant portion of the total number of interest groups registered to lobby in Washington.
While the exact percentage may vary over time, labor groups have historically held substantial influence and engaged in lobbying activities to advocate for the rights and interests of workers. These groups include labor unions, trade associations, and other organizations that represent workers across various industries.
Given their focus on labor-related issues such as wages, working conditions, and employment rights, labor groups play a crucial role in shaping policy discussions and influencing legislative decisions in Washington, D.C. Their presence and collective voice contribute to the overall landscape of interest group lobbying in the capital.
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Actual investment spending includes spending by consumers onA) services.B) durable goods.C) nondurable goods.D) new houses.
Actual investment spending includes spending by consumers on a new house. The correct option is D.
Actual investment spending refers to the expenditure made by businesses on capital goods, such as machinery, equipment, buildings, and other long-term assets. It does not directly include consumer spending on goods and services.
A) Services: Consumer spending on services, such as healthcare, education, transportation, and entertainment, does not fall under actual investment spending. These expenditures are considered part of personal consumption expenditure (PCE), which is a component of aggregate demand and contributes to economic growth from the consumer side.
B) Durable goods: Consumer spending on durable goods, such as automobiles, furniture, appliances, and electronics, is also not considered actual investment spending. It falls under PCE and represents consumer purchases of long-lasting goods that are expected to provide utility over an extended period.
C) Nondurable goods: Consumer spending on nondurable goods, including food, clothing, and personal care products, is also not classified as actual investment spending. These goods are consumed or used up relatively quickly and do not contribute to the capital stock of businesses.
D) New houses: Consumer spending on new houses, often referred to as residential investment, is an exception. It is considered a component of actual investment spending. Residential investment represents the construction or purchase of new housing units, which contributes to the growth and expansion of the housing sector. It involves the acquisition of a long-term asset and is classified as a form of capital investment.
In summary, among the given options, consumer spending on new houses (option D) is considered part of actual investment spending, while consumer spending on services (option A), durable goods (option B), and nondurable goods (option C) fall under personal consumption expenditure.
Therefore the correct answer is option D.
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T/F: The determination and execution of fiscal policy (tax authority) resides in the authority of the Federal Reserve System rather than in the U.S. Congress.
The statement "The determination and execution of fiscal policy (tax authority) resides in the authority of the Federal Reserve System rather than in the U.S. Congress" is FALSE.
Fiscal policy involves the decisions made by the government regarding taxation, government spending, and borrowing in order to achieve economic goals.
The US Congress has the authority to determine and execute fiscal policies. They are responsible for setting tax rates and making decisions about how government funds are spent, which affects the economy's overall performance and growth.
On the other hand, the Federal Reserve System is responsible for monetary policy, which includes controlling the supply of money in the economy and adjusting interest rates to stabilize prices, employment, and growth
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Which security has a higher effective annual interest rate?
a. A 3-month T-bill selling at $97,645 with par value $100,000.
b. A coupon bond selling at par and paying a 10% coupon semiannually.
Why?
A coupan bond's effective yearly interest rate is greater.The price of bonds is significantly influenced by the coupon rate on a bond in comparison to current market interest rates. Bond prices increase when a coupon is more than the current interest rate; prices decrease when a coupon is lower.
Investors are more drawn to bonds with higher coupon rates because they offer higher yields. The total amount of annual coupons paid is added up to determine the coupon rate, which is then divided by the bond's face value. Bonds with lower coupon rates typically have a larger interest rate risk than bonds with higher coupon rates of the same type.The coupon rate is calculated by dividing the annual interest paid by the bond's par value.
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Suppose that you have $1,000 invested in a security that is currently trading a bid price of $0.99 and an offer price of $1.01. If you were to liquidate your position now, what would the cost of liquidation be?
Suppose that you have $1,000 invested in a security that is currently trading a bid price of $0.99 and an offer price of $1.01, the cost of liquidation would be $990
Given: Amount invested =$1,000.
The security is currently trading a bid price of $0.99 and an offer price of $1.01.
To calculate the cost of liquidation, we need to know the current market price of the security. It is the average of the bid and ask prices.
Therefore, the current market price of the security is
(0.99 + 1.01)/2 = $1.00
The cost of liquidation is equal to the amount invested multiplied by the bid price since you would be selling at the bid price.
Cost of liquidation = Amount invested × Bid price
= $1,000 × $0.99
= $990
Therefore, the cost of liquidation would be $990.
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The demand and supply model can explain the existing levels of
prices, wages, and rates of return. Demand and supply can also be
used to explain how economic events will cause changes in prices,
wages
The demand and supply model explains current price levels, wages, and rates of return, as well as how economic events affect changes in prices and wages.
The demand and supply model analyzes the interaction between buyers and sellers in a market. It shows that prices, wages, and rates of return are determined by the balance between demand and supply. When demand exceeds supply, prices and wages tend to increase. Conversely, when supply exceeds demand, prices and wages tend to decrease.
Moreover, the model helps explain how economic events impact prices and wages. Changes in consumer income or production costs can shift demand or supply curves, leading to corresponding changes in prices and wages. For example, an increase in consumer income can raise demand, resulting in higher prices and potentially increased wages.
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A consumer's utility function is
U = ln x₁ + 2 ln x₂
Find the values of X1 and x2 2x₁ + 3x₂ = 18 which maximise U subject to the budgetary constraint
The consumer's utility function is given by U = ln x1 + 2 ln x2. The problem is to find the values of x1 and x2 which maximize U, subject to the budget constraint given by 2x1 + 3x2 = 18.
Lagrange method will be used to solve the problem:Let L be the Lagrange function:L = ln x1 + 2 ln x2 + λ (18 - 2x1 - 3x2)Here, λ is the Lagrange multiplier.To find the critical points, we take the partial derivatives of L with respect to x1, x2, and λ, and equate them to zero.∂L/∂x1 = 1/x1 - 2λ = 0∂L/∂x2 = 2/x2 - 3λ = 0∂L/∂λ = 18 - 2x1 - 3x2 = 0Solving these equations simultaneously, we get:x1 = 3, x2 = 2, λ = 1/6.
Thus, the values of x1 and x2 that maximize the utility function are x1 = 3 and x2 = 2, subject to the budget constraint 2x1 + 3x2 = 18. The Lagrange multiplier is λ = 1/6.
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What is the multi-stage DDM applied price of a stock which is expected to begin paying a $3 dividend 6 years from now. The firm is expected to grow dividends by 15% per year for the next four years after that, followed by a constant growth rate of 4% thereafter forever. Assume that investors require a rate of return of 16% for this firm’s common shares.
$25.75
$16.36
$11.23
$18.75
The multi-stage DDM applied price of the stock is approximately $18.08. note: none of the provided options is correct.
To calculate the multi-stage DDM applied price of a stock, we need to determine the present value of all future dividends. In this case, we have different growth rates for the dividends over two periods.
First, we calculate the present value of dividends for the initial four years of 15% growth:
D1 = D0 * (1 + g1) = $3 * (1 + 0.15) = $3.45
D2 = D1 * (1 + g1) = $3.45 * (1 + 0.15) = $3.97
D3 = D2 * (1 + g1) = $3.97 * (1 + 0.15) = $4.57
D4 = D3 * (1 + g1) = $4.57 * (1 + 0.15) = $5.26
Next, we calculate the present value of dividends after the fourth year with a constant growth rate of 4%:
D5 = D4 * (1 + g2) = $5.26 * (1 + 0.04) = $5.47
D6 = D5 * (1 + g2) = $5.47 * (1 + 0.04) = $5.69
Now, we calculate the present value of all these dividends using the required rate of return of 16%:
PV = (D1 / (1 + r)^1) + (D2 / (1 + r)^2) + (D3 / (1 + r)^3) + (D4 / (1 + r)^4) + (D5 / (1 + r)^5) + (D6 / (1 + r)^6)
= ($3.45 / (1 + 0.16)^1) + ($3.97 / (1 + 0.16)^2) + ($4.57 / (1 + 0.16)^3) + ($5.26 / (1 + 0.16)^4) + ($5.47 / (1 + 0.16)^5) + ($5.69 / (1 + 0.16)^6)
= $2.97 + $3.10 + $3.18 + $3.17 + $2.93 + $2.73
= $18.08 none of the provided options is correct.
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Problem 2 (Consignment Sales) On May 3, 2020, Whirlpool Company consigned 80 freezers, costing $400 each, to Igloo Company. The cost of shipping the freezers amounted to $670 and was paid by Whirlpool Company. On December 31, 2020, a report was received from the consignee, indicating that 40 freezers had been sold for $600 each. Remittance was made by the consignee for the amount due after deducting a commission of 5%, advertising of $150, and total installation costs of $260 on the freezers sold. Instructions (a) Compute the inventory value of the units unsold in the hands of the consignee. (4 Points) (b) Compute the profit for the consignor for the units sold. (9 Points) (c) Compute the amount of cash that will be remitted by the consignee. (6 Points)
a) the inventory value of the unsold units in the hands of the consignee is $16,000. b) the profit for the consignor for the units sold is $22,390. c) the amount of cash that will be remitted by the consignee is $22,390.
Answer to the questions(a) To compute the inventory value of the units unsold in the hands of the consignee, we need to determine the cost of the unsold units.
Total cost of consigned freezers = Cost per unit * Number of units
Total cost of consigned freezers = $400 * 80 = $32,000
Since 40 freezers were sold, the number of unsold units is 80 - 40 = 40 units.
Inventory value of unsold units = Cost per unit * Number of unsold units
Inventory value of unsold units = $400 * 40 = $16,000
Therefore, the inventory value of the unsold units in the hands of the consignee is $16,000.
(b) To compute the profit for the consignor for the units sold, we need to calculate the net amount received after deducting the commission, advertising costs, and installation costs from the selling price.
Selling price per unit = $600
Commission = 5% of ($600 * 40) = 0.05 * $24,000 = $1,200
Advertising costs = $150
Installation costs = $260
Profit for the consignor = Selling price - Commission - Advertising costs - Installation costs
Profit for the consignor = ($600 * 40) - $1,200 - $150 - $260 = $24,000 - $1,200 - $150 - $260 = $22,390
Therefore, the profit for the consignor for the units sold is $22,390.
(c) To compute the amount of cash that will be remitted by the consignee, we need to subtract the commission, advertising costs, and installation costs from the selling price.
Remittance amount = Selling price - Commission - Advertising costs - Installation costs
Remittance amount = ($600 * 40) - $1,200 - $150 - $260 = $24,000 - $1,200 - $150 - $260 = $22,390
Therefore, the amount of cash that will be remitted by the consignee is $22,390.
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A Moving to another question will save this response. Question 8 5 points Two years ago, the price of a bond was $925.00, and one year ago, the price of the bond was $988.00. Over the past year, the bond paid a total of $62.00 in coupon payments, which were just paid. If the bond is currently priced at $952.00, then what was the rate of return for the bond over the past year (from 1 year ago to today)? The par value of the bond is $1,000. O 2.73 (plus or minus .02 percentage points) O2.63 (plus or minus .02 percentage points) O 11.55 (plus or minus .02 percentage points) O 13.51 (plus or minus .02 percentage points) O None of the above is within .02 percentage points of the correct answer Question 8 of 20 > >> A Moving to another question will save this response. Save Answer Question 8 of 20 > >> →→ Moving to another question will save this response. Question 7 The following table presents information on a potential project currently being evaluated by XYZ. Which assertion about statement 1 and statement 2 is true? Expected cash flows (number of years from today) Cost of capital 1 2 3 4 0 -$74,000.00 $36,000.00 $22,000.00 $34,000.00 $7,000.00 13.00% Statement 1: XYZ would accept the project based on the project's net present value and the NPV rule Statement 2: XYZ would accept the project based on the project's payback period and the payback rule if the payback threshold is 2.94 years O Statement 1 is false and statement 2 is false O Statement 1 is false and statement 2 is true O Statement 1 is true and statement 2 is false O Statement 1 is true and statement 2 is true A Moving to another question will save this response. Question 7 of 20 5 points Save Answer << Question 7 of 20 >>>>
The rate of return for the bond over the past year (from 1 year ago to today) is 2.63 (plus or minus .02 percentage points) The price of the bond two years ago was $925.00.The price of the bond one year ago was $988.00.
The bond paid a total of $62.00 in coupon payments, which were just paid.The bond is currently priced at $952.00.The par value of the bond is $1,000.The formula to calculate the rate of return of the bond over the past year is as follows:Rate of return = (coupon payment + (ending price - beginning price) / beginning price) * 100
Where coupon payment is the coupon payment received over the past year, ending price is the current price of the bond, and beginning price is the price of the bond one year ago.Substituting the values in the formula, we get:Rate of return = ($62.00 + ($952.00 - $988.00) / $988.00) * 100= 2.63 (plus or minus .02 percentage points)Therefore, the rate of return for the bond over the past year (from 1 year ago to today) is 2.63 (plus or minus .02 percentage points).
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5) Suppose that YourCo has the following ownership structure: Founders: 80,000 shares (Common Stock) Angel: 20,000 shares (Preferred Convertible Stock) The Angel has invested $100,000 with a 5X liquidation preference with full participation and no cap. If the company is sold for US1,000,000, how much will the founders get? A) $ 800,000 B) $ 700,000 C) $ 600,000 D) $ 500,000 E) $ 400,000
The amount that the founders will get, given the amount the company is sold for would be E. $ 400, 000.
How to find the amount to the founders ?Calculate the total liquidation preference for the Angel's investment:
Liquidation Preference = Investment Amount x Liquidation Preference
Liquidation Preference = $ 100,000 x 5
Liquidation Preference = $ 500,000
Proceeds after satisfying the liquidation preference:
Remaining Proceeds = Sale Price - Liquidation Preference
Remaining Proceeds = $ 1,000,000 - $500,000
Remaining Proceeds = $ 500,000
The participation ratio is calculated as follows:
Participation Ratio = Angel Shares / Total Shares
Participation Ratio = 20,000 / (20,000 + 80,000)
Participation Ratio = 0. 2 or 20 %
Founder's proceeds is:
= 500, 000 - ( 500, 000 x 0. 2 )
= $ 400, 000
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27 Skipped eBook Lexi Company budgets unit sales of 1,190,000 in April, 1,280,000 in May, 270,000 in June, and 1,660,000 in July. Beginning inventory on April 1 is 238,000 units, and the company wants
The required production in May is 674,000 units.Given that Lexi Company budgets unit sales of 1,190,000 in April, 1,280,000 in May, 270,000 in June, and 1,660,000 in July. Beginning inventory on April 1 is 238,000 units, and the company wants to maintain an ending inventory equal to 60% of the next month's budgeted unit sales.
We are to determine the required production in units for April and May respectively.Let the required production in units for April be xApril sales are 1,190,000 units. Since the beginning inventory on April 1 is 238,000 units, the company will have to produce more units to have 60% of the next month's budgeted sales in inventory.
Thus, the required ending inventory on April 30 is 1,280,000 × 60% = 768,000 unitsHence, the required production in April will be:
Beginning inventory on April 1 + Production - Sales = Ending inventory on April 30.238,000 + x - 1,190,000 = 768,000x = 1,122,000 unitsThus, the required production in April is 1,122,000 units.
For May, the beginning inventory is the ending inventory for April, which is 768,000 units. Also, since the company wants to maintain an ending inventory equal to 60% of the next month's budgeted unit sales, the required ending inventory on May 31 will be 270,000 × 60% = 162,000 units.
Hence, the required production in May will be:Beginning inventory on May 1 + Production - Sales = Ending inventory on May 31.768,000 + y - 1,280,000 = 162,000y = 674,000. Thus, the required production in May is 674,000 units.
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The manager of a medium-sized business was heard to remark: "My business is one which involves too many uncertainties for a budget to be of any use to me Required: Discuss any FOUR (4) benefits of preparing budgets for an organisation. (12 marks) Question 3 (Part B) Best Athletics Ltd, which develops and runs athletics training programs for primary schools, has budgeted revenue for the first 6 months of 2022 as follows: Month January Budgeted revenue $10 000
Business planning is the cycle by which an association's chiefs sort out the best guide for development and record their arrangement for progress.
The process of business planning involves determining the company's internal strengths and weaknesses, increasing efficiency, figuring out how it will compete with rival businesses in the future, and establishing measurable progress milestones.
A written document known as a business plan contains an outline as well as the resources required to succeed.
1) Planning can assist you with defining long haul monetary objectives, hold you back from overspending, assist with closing down dangerous ways of managing money, and that's just the beginning.
works with you to achieve long-term objectives.can keep you from spending too much.Can Facilitate Retirement Savings.Assists You With getting ready for Crises.can reveal habits of spending.The primary concern.2) The second part is incomplete.
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why an organization might not experience financial improvement after implementing an abc system with hopes of process improvement and cost reductions
An organization might not experience financial improvement after implementing an ABC (Activity-Based Costing) system due to factors such as inaccurate cost allocations, inefficient process implementation, inadequate data analysis, resistance to change, or external market factors affecting revenue and costs.
Implementing an ABC system requires accurate allocation of costs to activities, but if the organization fails to accurately identify and allocate costs, the system may not provide reliable information for decision-making. Additionally, if the organization does not effectively implement process improvements based on the ABC system's insights, the expected cost reductions may not materialize. Insufficient analysis of the data collected from the system can also lead to ineffective decision-making. Furthermore, resistance to change within the organization can hinder the successful implementation of process improvements. Lastly, external factors such as changes in the market, competition, or economic conditions can impact revenue and costs, potentially offsetting any expected financial improvements from the ABC system.
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Sandhill Corp, has annual sales totaling $1266000 and an average gross profit of 20% of cost. What is the dollar amount of the gross profit? O $316500. O $211000. O $253200 O $189900
Sandhill Corp, has annual sales totaling $1266000 and an average gross profit of 20% of cost Given profit percentage that the Sandhill Corp has annual sales. The correct answer is a. $316500.
Totaling $1266000 and an average gross profit of 20% of cost. We need to determine the dollar amount of the gross profit.
Dollar amount of gross profit: Sales × Gross profit percent Gross profit percent
= 126000
= 34000 gross profit and the average profit of dollars.
= 20/100
= 0.2 Dollar amount of gross profit
= $1266000 × 0.2
= $253200Therefore, the dollar amount of the gross profit is $253200. Hence, the correct option is a. $253200.
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true/false. generally speaking, one of the biggest barriers to mobile commerce is that many consumers find mobile devices too complicated to use for commerce.
The statement "generally speaking, one of the biggest barriers to mobile commerce is that many consumers find mobile devices too complicated to use for commerce" is a True because mobile Commerce is a type of online commerce that is conducted over mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets.
Mobile commerce (m-commerce) is a platform that enables consumers to buy and sell goods and services through the internet via mobile devices. It entails the use of wireless handheld devices such as cellphones, laptops, and tablets to conduct business activities that include buying and selling products and services. Users can use the internet, proprietary software apps, text messages, or other cellular-based technology to access and engage in a wide range of activities. It includes marketing, purchasing, billing, and customer support.
However, one of the biggest barriers to mobile commerce is that many consumers find mobile devices too complicated to use for commerce. A study revealed that poor mobile site experience and long loading times can discourage mobile commerce customers. This suggests that while the mobile market is expanding, there are still some barriers that need to be addressed. These issues include user experience, mobile security, and lack of trust in mobile payment methods.
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Explain the impact of inflation in the host country on a foreign subsidiary's net present value (NPV) analysis
Explain two (2) ways that multi-national companies (MNCs) can do to minimize the impact of exchange
rate swings on their foreign projects.
Impact of inflation on a foreign subsidiary's NPV analysis is Inflation in the host country has an adverse effect on the foreign subsidiary's NPV analysis.
The cash flows from the foreign subsidiary may be reduced, which may also decrease the present value of future cash flows.Two ways that multi-national companies (MNCs) can do to minimize the impact of exchange rate swings on their foreign projects are as follows:
1. HedgingUsing a variety of derivatives to protect against future price movements in the foreign currency is referred to as hedging. MNCs utilize this technique to protect themselves against the adverse impact of currency fluctuations on their overseas projects.
2. Leading and laggingLeading is the process of speeding up the inflows and outflows of funds in a foreign currency. When a company expects its domestic currency to weaken in the future, this is known as leading. Lagging, on the other hand, involves delaying the inflows and outflows of funds in a foreign currency. When a company anticipates that its domestic currency will strengthen in the future, it uses this approach.
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is it the financial perspective or the customer perspective or the internal business perspective or the learning and growth perspective
The financial perspective is the most common approach to performance evaluation among the four balanced scorecard perspectives. Therefore, the correct option is A.
The balanced scorecard is a strategic planning and management system that is used to align business activities to the vision and strategy of an organization, improve internal and external communications, and monitor organizational performance against strategic goals. It encourages the alignment of departmental and personal objectives to the organization's strategic objectives.
The balanced scorecard (BSC) includes four different perspectives: the financial perspective, the customer perspective, the internal process perspective, and the learning and growth perspective. Each of the perspectives of the balanced scorecard is intended to align with the organization's vision and strategy, and they are all interrelated.
The financial perspective deals with the financial performance of the organization and ensures that the company is meeting its goals for financial success. It includes financial objectives, such as revenue growth, profit margins, return on investment, and cash flow. The reason why the financial perspective is the most common approach to performance evaluation among the four balanced scorecard perspectives is because it is the most easily quantifiable.
Organizations use the financial perspective to determine whether they are generating revenue and profit and achieving a return on investment. Many organizations use financial metrics to evaluate their performance because they are easy to understand and measure. This perspective is also important because financial success is often the primary goal of the organization and is essential to its long-term survival. Hence, the correct answer is option A.
Note: The question is incomplete. The complete question probably is: Of the four balanced scorecard perspectives, which one is the most common approach to performance evaluation? a. Financial perspective. b. Internal process perspective. c. Learning and growth perspective. d. Customer perspective.
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Numerical
Suppose a bond has a maturity of 3 years, annual coupon payments of $5, and a face value of
$100. The risk free interest rate is 4 percent and the bond has a risk premium of 2 percent. Is
the price of the bond higher or lower than the face value? Compute.
The present value of the bond is calculated as follows:$5/1.04 + $5/(1.04)2 + $5/(1.04)3 + $100/(1.04)3= $4.81 + $4.63 + $4.46 + $82.31= $96.21Therefore, the price of the bond is $96.21, which is less than the face value of the bond.
A bond with a maturity of 3 years, annual coupon payments of $5, and a face value of $100 has a risk-free interest rate of 4 percent and a risk premium of 2 percent. The price of the bond is lower than the face value of the bond. This is because the coupon payment of $5 is lower than the required rate of return of 6 percent per year.What is the price of the bond?The present value of the bond is calculated as follows:$5/1.04 + $5/(1.04)2 + $5/(1.04)3 + $100/(1.04)3= $4.81 + $4.63 + $4.46 + $82.31= $96.21Therefore, the price of the bond is $96.21, which is less than the face value of the bond.
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: 1. What is the original return on investment (ROI) for Anderson Ceramics (before making any additional investment)? 2. What would the ROI be for Anderson Ceramics if this investment opportunity were undertaken? Would the manager of the Anderson Ceramics division want to make this investment if she were evaluated based on ROI? Why or why not? 3. What is the ROI of the investment opportunity? Would the investment be desirable from the standpoint of Alderman Corporation? Why or why not? 4. What would the residual income (RI) be for Anderson Ceramics if this investment opportunity were to be undertaken? Would the manager of the Anderson Ceramics division want to make this investment if she were evaluated based on RI? Why or why not? 5. What is the Rl of the investment opportunity? Would the investment be desirable from the standpoint of Alderman Corporation? Why or why not? 6. Which performance measurement method, ROI or RI, promotes goal congruence? Why?
The original return on investment (ROI) for Anderson Ceramics is 20%. If the new investment opportunity is undertaken, the ROI would be 18%. The manager wouldn't make the investment as it would lower the overall ROI. ROI formula: (Operating income / Total assets) * 100.
Requirement 1:
To calculate the original return on investment (ROI) for Anderson Ceramics, we use the formula:
ROI = (Operating income / Total assets) * 100
Given
Operating income = $82,000
Total assets = $410,000
Plugging in the values:
ROI = ($82,000 / $410,000) * 100
Calculating this gives us:
ROI = 20%
Therefore, the original return on investment (ROI) for Anderson Ceramics is 20%.
Requirement 2
If the new investment opportunity were undertaken, we need to recalculate the ROI. The investment would require $164,000 and earn $21,320 for the company.
New Operating income = Original Operating income + Income from new investment = $82,000 + $21,320 = $103,320
New Total assets = Original Total assets + Investment = $410,000 + $164,000 = $574,000
New ROI = (New Operating income / New Total assets) * 100 = ($103,320 / $574,000) * 100
Calculating this gives us
New ROI = 18%
The manager of the Anderson Ceramics division would not want to make this investment if evaluated based on ROI because the new ROI of 18% is lower than the original ROI of 20%. Making the investment would decrease the overall ROI.
Requirement 3
The formula to calculate ROI is:
ROI = (Operating income / Total assets) * 100
Operating income refers to the division's income before taxes and interest.
Total assets represent the average total assets employed by the division.
By dividing the operating income by the total assets and multiplying the result by 100, we obtain the ROI percentage, which is a measure of the division's profitability and efficiency in utilizing its assets.
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--The given question is incomplete, the complete question is given below " Anderson Ceramics, a division of Alderman Corporation, has an operating income of $82,000 and total assets of $410,000. The required rate of return for the company is 11%. The company is evaluating whether it should use return on investment (ROI) or residual income (RI) as a measurement of performance for its division managers. The manager of Anderson Ceramics has the opportunity to undertake a new project that will require an investment of $164,000. This investment would earn $21,320 for the company. Read the requirements. 1. What is the original return on investment (ROI) for Anderson Ceramics (before making any additional investment)? 2. What would the ROI be for Anderson Ceramics if this investment opportunity were undertaken? Would the manager of the Anderson Ceramics division want to make this investment if she were evaluated based on ROI? Why or why not? 3. determine the formula to calculate the ROI. Operating income Total assets ROI (Enter the percentage to two decimal places.) The original return on investment (ROI) for Anderson Ceramics is 20 %. give the answer in parts."--
U = x₁ + x2. P1 = 1 and p2 = 2. Income (m) is 200. The utility optimizing quantity of x₁ is: (write your answer to two decimal places, e.g., 1.23)
The utility optimizing quantity of x₁ is 100.
The utility function is U = x₁ + x₂.
The prices are P₁ = 1 and P₂ = 2.
The income is m = 200.
To optimize utility, we need to allocate the budget in a way that maximizes the utility function while satisfying the budget constraint.
The budget constraint equation is:
P₁x₁ + P₂x₂ = m
Substituting the given values:
1x₁ + 2x₂ = 200
We can rearrange the equation to solve for x₁:
x₁ = (200 - 2x₂) / 1
To find the utility-optimizing quantity of x₁, we need to differentiate the utility function with respect to x₁ and set it equal to zero.
dU/dx₁ = 1 - 0 = 1
Since the derivative is constant and positive, the utility function is maximized when x₁ is maximized.
Now, substitute the value of x₁ into the budget constraint equation and solve for x₂:
1x₁ + 2x₂ = 200
1(100) + 2x₂ = 200
100 + 2x₂ = 200
2x₂ = 100
x₂ = 50
Therefore, the utility-optimizing quantity of x₁ is 100.
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All items of plant and equipment, including land, eventually wear out or lose their usefulness.
Yes, it is true that all items of plant and equipment, including land, eventually wear out or lose their usefulness.
Plant and equipment are the fixed assets owned by the entity to generate profits by conducting business operations. They have a useful life and eventually wear out or lose their usefulness. The useful life of plant and equipment varies from one asset to another. For instance, furniture has a shorter useful life than a building. Plant refers to machinery, tools, and equipment. On the other hand, equipment is the set of tools that require no electrical or electronic energy to function. In general, plant and equipment require a considerable investment by the business, which implies that a proper depreciation method must be used to compute the actual value of the fixed asset as they wear out or become outdated. Depreciation is the term used to describe the reduction in the value of fixed assets over time. All fixed assets have a useful life, which is defined as the period in which the asset can be expected to provide economic benefits.
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6. Within-firm risk and beta risk Understanding risks that affect projects and the impact of risk consideration WSP Inc. is involved in a wide range of unrelated projects. The company will pursue any project that it thinks will create value for its stockholders. Consequently, the risk level of the company's projects tends to vary a great deal from project to project. If WSP Inc. does not risk-adjust its discount rate for specific projects properly, which of the following is likely to occur over time? Check all that appl The firm will increase in value The firm could potentially reject projects that provide a higher rate of return than the company should require The firm's overall risk level will increase When a project involves an entirely new product line, the firm may be able to obtain betas from to calculate a weighted average cost of capital (WACC) for its new product line Consider the case of another company. Davis Printing is evaluating two mutually exclusive projects. They both require a $3 milion investment today and have expected NPVs of $600,000. Management conducted a full risk analysis of these two projects, and the results are shown below Risk Measure Standard deviation of project's expected NPVs Project beta Correlation coefficient of project cash flows (relative to the firm's existing projects) Project A Project B $240,000 $120,000 0.7 0.5 Which of the following statements about these projects' risk is correct? Check all that apply Project B has more market risk than Project A. Project B has more corporate risk than Project A. Project A has more stand-alone risk than Project B Project A has more corporate risk than Project B
When WSP Inc. does not properly risk-adjust its discount rate for specific projects, several outcomes are likely to occur over time. First, the firm could potentially reject projects that provide a higher rate of return than the company should require. This means that projects with good potential for value creation may be overlooked or dismissed due to the failure to accurately assess and account for their risks. As a result, the firm may miss out on valuable investment opportunities.
Second, the firm's overall risk level will increase. By not properly considering and adjusting for project-specific risks, the firm's portfolio of projects may become skewed towards riskier ventures. This lack of risk management can lead to an increase in the overall risk profile of the company, exposing it to greater uncertainties and potential financial losses.
It is important for companies like WSP Inc. to carefully analyze and evaluate the risks associated with each project to make informed decisions. This includes appropriately adjusting the discount rate to reflect the project's risk level, considering factors such as market conditions, industry dynamics, and project-specific risks.
Regarding the case of Davis Printing and its two mutually exclusive projects, we can assess their risk characteristics based on the provided information.
Project A has a standard deviation of expected NPVs of $240,000, while Project B has a lower standard deviation of $120,000. This indicates that Project A has more stand-alone risk than Project B, as it exhibits greater variability in its expected NPVs.
Project B, on the other hand, has a higher project beta of 0.7 compared to Project A's beta of 0.5. This implies that Project B has more market risk than Project A, as it is more sensitive to market fluctuations.
However, the information provided does not allow us to conclude which project has more corporate risk. Corporate risk refers to the risk associated with the overall operations and financial position of the company. It is influenced by factors such as diversification, financial leverage, and management capabilities, which are not explicitly mentioned in the given data.
In summary, based on the provided information, we can determine that Project A has more stand-alone risk and Project B has more market risk. The comparison of corporate risk between the two projects cannot be determined without additional information.
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Suppose that the equilibrium price of gas is $1.30 a liter, and the equilibrium quantity is 10m. (Do not use graphs)
A. If the government imposes a maximum price of $0.7 per liter, what is the impact of that on the market equilibrium?
B. If the government imposes a maximum price of $1.80 per liter, what is the impact of that on the market equilibrium?
C. If the government imposes a minimum price of $0.90 per liter, what is the impact of that on the market equilibrium?
D. If the government imposes a minimum price of $1.60 per liter, what is the impact of that on the market equilibrium?
A. Imposing a maximum price of $0.7 per liter creates a shortage in the market.
B. Imposing a maximum price of $1.80 per liter may have no immediate impact on the market equilibrium.
C. Imposing a minimum price of $0.90 per liter has no immediate impact on the market equilibrium.
D. Imposing a minimum price of $1.60 per liter creates an excess supply in the market.
A. If the government imposes a maximum price of $0.7 per liter, the impact on the market equilibrium is a shortage of gas, as the maximum price is below the equilibrium price, leading to increased demand and decreased supply.
B. If the government imposes a maximum price of $1.80 per liter, the impact on the market equilibrium depends on the elasticity of supply and demand. If the maximum price is above the equilibrium price, it may have no immediate impact if the equilibrium quantity is already below the quantity demanded at the maximum price.
C. If the government imposes a minimum price of $0.90 per liter, the impact on the market equilibrium is likely no immediate impact, as the minimum price is below the equilibrium price, and the market can continue to operate at the equilibrium price and quantity.
D. If the government imposes a minimum price of $1.60 per liter, the impact on the market equilibrium is likely an excess supply of gas, as the minimum price is above the equilibrium price, leading to decreased demand and increased supply.
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Today is 15 May 2022. Saamiya has just purchased a Treasury bond with a face value of $100, maturing at par and paying coupon at j2 = 3.4% p.a. The purchase price was $100.065. The maturity date of this bond is 15 May 2024. QUESTION 4 [2 marks] Use the bond salesperson's formula to estimate Saamiya's purchase yield. Give your answer in j2 form, rounded to three decimal places. a. 1.683% p.a. b. 1.809% p.a. c. 2.999% p.a. d. 3.366% p.a. QUESTION 5 [2 marks] Use linear interpolation to calculate the yield rate. Give your answer in j2 form, rounded to three decimal places. Hint: 1.65% per half year and 1.9% per half year are the lower bound and the upper bound for the linear interpolation. a. 1.683% p.a. b. 3.201% p.a. c. 3.366% p.a. d. 3.550% p.a. QUESTION 6 [2 marks] Which of the following statements is incorrect? a. The duration of this Treasury bond will be higher if its coupon rate is higher. b. We can use the duration of this Treasury bond to measure its price sensitivity. c. The duration of this Treasury bond will increase if the yield rate at purchase is lower. d. The purchase price of this Treasury bond will decrease, if this Treasury bond is subject to a 30% tax on both interest and capital gains.
For question 4, the bond salesperson's formula is used to estimate the purchase yield. It considers the face value, purchase price, coupon rate, and time to maturity of the bond. By applying the formula, we arrive at the correct answer of d. 3.366% p.a.
In question 5, linear interpolation is used to calculate the yield rate that corresponds to the given purchase price. The lower bound and upper bound yields provided are used to estimate the yield rate within that range. By interpolating between the bounds, we find that the yield rate is approximately 3.366% p.a., which aligns with option c.
Regarding question 6, the incorrect statement is d. The purchase price of a Treasury bond is not directly affected by taxes on interest and capital gains. Taxes may impact the after-tax returns received by the investor, but they do not affect the purchase price of the bond itself. Therefore, option d is incorrect.
In summary, the estimated purchase yield is 3.366% p.a. using the bond salesperson's formula. The yield rate calculated through linear interpolation is also 3.366% p.a. Lastly, the incorrect statement is d, as taxes on interest and capital gains do not affect the purchase price of the Treasury bond.
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Question 1 of 16 4 points Save Answ Kingdom Corporation has the following: - Preferred stock, $10 par value, 7%, 50,000 shares issued $500,000 Common stock, $15 par value, 300,000 shares issued and ou
The total par value of Kingdom Corporation's common stock is $4,500,000.
The common stock of Kingdom Corporation has a par value of $15 per share, and there are 300,000 shares issued and outstanding. Par value represents the stated value of a share of stock mentioned in the corporation's charter, and it is unrelated to the market price or the company's market value. In this case, to determine the total par value of the common stock, we multiply the par value per share ($15) by the total number of shares (300,000), resulting in $4,500,000. The par value is an arbitrary value and serves as the face value of a share of stock. It should be noted that the company can modify the par value of its stock at any time, which would impact the stated capital of the company. Therefore, the total par value of Kingdom Corporation's common stock is $4,500,000.In conclusion, the total par value of Kingdom Corporation's common stock is $4,500,000.
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LuxUnder, Ltd., sells a line of women’s knit pyjamas. The firm sells about 30,000 pairs a year at an average price of $20 each. Fixed costs equal $100,000, and total variable costs are $180,000. The production department has estimated that a 10 per cent increase in output would not affect fixed costs but would reduce average variable cost by 10 cents. The marketing department advocates a price reduction of 5 per cent to increase sales, total revenues, and profits. The arc elasticity of demand with respect to prices is estimated at −2.
Evaluate the impact of the proposal to cut prices on total revenue, total cost, and total profits.
Given that LuxUnder Ltd. sells a line of women's knit pajamas, the company sells approximately 30,000 pairs a year for an average price of $20 each. The fixed cost is $100,000, and the total variable cost is $180,000.
The production department estimates that a 10% increase in output would not affect fixed costs but would reduce the average variable cost by 10 cents. The marketing department recommends a 5% price reduction to increase sales, total revenues, and profits.
The arc elasticity of demand concerning prices is estimated to be -2. We must now assess the potential impact of the pricing cut on total revenue, total cost, and total profits.
With a 5% price reduction, the new price of each pair of women's knit pajamas is $19 per unit. This will result in the following:New price of each unit = $20 - $1 = $19Per unit, the new quantity demanded = original quantity demanded × (1 + % change in quantity demanded) = 30,000 × 1.05 = 31,500 units total Revenue = Price × Quantity, so we have: Original Total Revenue = $20 × 30,000 = $600,000
New Total Revenue = $19 × 31,500 = $598,500
Therefore, the impact of the price cut on total revenue will result in a decrease in revenue by $1,500.
Average variable cost is reduced by 10 cents, so we have:Original variable cost per unit = Total variable costs / Quantity = $180,000 / 30,000 = $6 per unit
New variable cost per unit = $6 - $0.10 = $5.90 per unit
Therefore, the new total cost per unit is:New Total cost per unit = $100,000 + ($5.90 × 31,500) = $283,500
Total profit is the difference between total revenue and total cost, so we have:Original Total Profit = Total Revenue – Total Cost= $600,000 - $280,000 = $320,000
New Total Profit = $598,500 - $283,500 = $315,000
Therefore, the proposal to cut prices will result in a decrease in total profit of $5,000.
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Complete the capital budgeting template and the requirements
listed in the instructions
Input variables Number of trucks Discount rate Sale Multiple Cost variables Property tax (base) Property tax growth Maintenance expenses (base) Maintenance expense growth Truck Rental Base Case Base r
To complete a capital budgeting template for a rental company, there are several requirements that need to be addressed. The template should include essential elements such as projected cash flows, initial investment costs, salvage value and the expected useful life of the rental assets.
How can we complete the capital budgeting template and the requirements for rental company?A capital budgeting template serves as a tool for evaluating potential investment projects. For a rental company, the template should include key information such as projected cash flows which involve estimating the revenue generated by renting out assets and the corresponding expenses.
This analysis allows you to assess the profitability of the investment over time. In addition, the template should account for the initial investment costs required to acquire the rental assets. This includes the purchase or lease costs of the assets, as well as any expenses related to refurbishment or customization.
By addressing these requirements within the capital budgeting template, a rental company can effectively evaluate investment opportunities and make informed decisions that align with its financial objectives.
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please help
Life Cycle Metal Recycling and Salvage receives the opportunity to salvage scrap metal and other materials from an oid industrial. The curent owners of the she will sign over the site to Life Cycle at
Life Cycle Metal Recycling and Salvage receives the opportunity to salvage scrap metal and other materials from an old industrial site. The current owners of the site will sign it over to Life Cycle at the end of the year. The metal recycling company's next step will be to conduct a site assessment and cleanup before beginning the salvage process.
The site assessment will be conducted to evaluate the site and determine the level of contamination, if any, and the necessary remediation methods. After that, the cleanup process will be initiated, which will involve the removal of hazardous materials, debris, and other waste. After the site has been thoroughly cleaned, the salvage process will begin. Life Cycle will use heavy equipment, such as cranes and bulldozers, to dismantle and sort the scrap metal. The metal will then be transported to the recycling facility, where it will be melted down and formed into new products.The benefits of recycling metal are numerous.
It conserves natural resources, reduces greenhouse gas emissions, and saves energy. According to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), recycling one ton of steel conserves 2,500 pounds of iron ore, 1,400 pounds of coal, and 120 pounds of limestone. Furthermore, recycling metal reduces the amount of waste in landfills and the need for new landfills. In addition, it reduces the amount of water pollution caused by mining and the amount of air pollution caused by the production of new metal products. Overall, recycling metal is a sustainable and environmentally friendly practice that helps conserve natural resources and protect the environment.
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