Answer:
ensure that payroll costs are for legitimate entity activities.
Explanation:
Human resources management (HRM) can be defined as an art of managing, controlling and improving the number of people (employees or workers), functions, activities which are being used effectively and efficiently by an organization.
Generally, human resources managers are saddled with the responsibility of recruiting, managing and improving the welfare and working conditions of the employees working in an organization.
The principal objectives of the human resource management process are to ensure that payroll costs are for legitimate entity activities because they make sure work attendance are taken, so as to record the number of times each employee reported to work and whether or not they were punctual on a daily basis.
describe the difference between real gdp and nominal gdp.
Answer: Real GDP takes into consideration adjustments for changes in inflation. ... The main difference between nominal GDP and real GDP is the adjustment for inflation
Explanation:
Budgeted amount: 0.5 machine hours per (MH) unit Variable overhead rate is $15 per MH Fixed overhead rate is $40 per MH Budgeted fixed overhead is $600,000 Actual amounts: Variable overhead incurred is $190,000 Fixed overhead incurred is $630,000 MH used is 11,000 Actual output is 20,000 units What is the Fixed Overhead Volume Variance
Answer:
Fixed overhead volume variance = $200,000 Favorable
Explanation:
The fixed overhead volume variance is the difference between the actual and budgeted production unit multiplied by the standard fixed production overhead cost per unit
Units
Budgeted units 15,000
Actual units 20,000
Variance 5,000
Fixed overhead rate per unit × $40
Fixed overhead volume variance $200,000
A researcher was interested in the relationship between the number of texts sent in a day and the number of e-mails sent in a day by employees at a certain company. Using 15 data values, a 90 percent confidence interval for the slope of a regression model was found to be (2.31, 3.47). The researcher claims that the interval would have been narrower with a different sample size if all other things remained the same. Which of the following sample sizes would make the researcher's claim NOT true?
A. 14
B. 16
C. 20
D. 30
E. 100
Answer:
A. 14
Explanation:
the researcher claims that the width of the interval would have been smaller if the sample had been different, and in this case different refers to larger. The original sample included only 15 people, so in order to increase the data sample, you must include more than 15 people. That is why 14 doesn't make sense.
The Crunchy Granola Company is a diversified food company that specializes in all natural foods. The company has three operating divisions organized as investment centers. Condensed data taken from the records of the three divisions for the year ended June 30, 20Y7, are as follows:
Cereal Division Snack Cake Division Retail Bakeries Division
Sales $25,000,000 $8,000,000 $9,750,000
Cost of goods sold 16,670,000 5,575,000 6,795,000
Operating expenses 7,330,000 1,945,000 2,272,500
Invested assets 10,000,000 4,000,000 6,500,000
The management of The Crunchy Granola Company is evaluating each division as a basis for planning a future expansion of operations.
Required:
1. Prepare condensed divisional income statements for the three divisions, assuming that there were no service department charges.
2. Using the DuPont formula for rate of return on investment, compute the profit margin, investment turnover, and rate of return on investment for each division.
3. If available funds permit the expansion of operations of only one division, which of the divisions would you recommend for expansion?
Answer:
charges.
2. Using the DuPont formula for rate of return on investment, compute the profit margin, investment turnover, and rate of return on investment for each division.
3. If available funds permit the expansion of operations of only one division, which of the divisions would you recommend for expansion?
Calculate (a) the accounts receivable period, (b) accounts payable period, (c) inventory period, and (d) cash cycle for the following firm. (Use 365 days a year. Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answers to 1 decimal place.) Income Statement Data: Sales $ 5,000 Cost of goods sold 4,200 Balance Sheet Data: Inventory $ 550 Accounts receivable 110 Accounts payable 270
Answer:
a. Accounts receivable period:
= Accounts receivable turnover ratio * 365 days
= (Average accounts receivable / Sales) * 365
= (110 / 5,000) * 365
= 8.0 days
b. Accounts Payable period:
= Accounts payable turnover ratio * 365
= (Average accounts payable / Cost of goods sold) * 365
= (270 / 4,200) * 365
= 23.5 days
c. Inventory period:
= Inventory turnover ratio * 365
= (Average inventory / Cost of goods sold) * 365
= (550 / 4,200) * 365
= 47.8 days
d. Cash cycle:
= Inventory period + Accounts receivables period - Accounts payable period
= 47.8 + 8 - 23.5
= 32.3 days
Journalizing Sales, Sales Returns and Allowances, and Cash Receipts
Aug. 4 Sold merchandise on account to S. Miller for $310 plus sales tax of 4%, with 2/10, n/30 cash discount terms.
6 Sold merchandise on account to K. Krtek for $160 plus sales tax of 4%.
10 S. Miller returned merchandise purchased on August 4 for $20 plus sales tax for credit.
13 S. Miller paid the balance due on her account.
15 K. Krtek returned merchandise purchased on August 6 for $40 plus sales tax for credit.
20 K. Krtek paid the balance due on his account.
Answer and Explanation:
The journal entries are shown below:
On August 4
Accounts Receivable (S. Miller) $322.40
To Sales Tax Payable ($310 × 4%) $12.40
To Sales Revenue $310
(Being the sales revenue recorded on account)
On August 6
Accounts Receivable (K. Krtek) $166.40
To Sales Tax Payable ($160 × 4%) $6.40
To Sales Revenue $160
(Being the sales revenue recorded on account)
On August 10
Sales Returns $20
Sales Tax Payable $0.80
To Accounts Receivable (S. Miller) $20.80
(Being the returned inventory is recorded)
On August 13
Cash Account $295.80
Cash Discount (($310 - $20) × 2%) $5.8
To Accounts Receivable (S. Miller) $301.60 ($322.40 - $20.80)
(Being receipt of cash is recorded)
On August 16
Sales Returns $40
Sales Tax Payable $1.60
To Accounts Receivable (K. Krtek) $41.60
(Being the return of goods is recorded)
On August 20:
Cash Account ($166.40 - $41.60) $124.80
To Accounts Receivable (K. Krtek) $124.80
(Being receipt of cash is recorded)
While calculating the costs of products and services, a standard costing system ________. does not keep track of overhead cost traces direct costs to output by multiplying the standard prices or rates by the actual quantities uses standard costs to determine the cost of products allocates overhead costs on the basis of the actual overhead-cost rates
Answer:
uses standard costs to determine the cost of products
Explanation:
In the case when we determined the cost of the product and its services so here the standard costing system would be used to measure the cost of product as this is the costing system that are based upon the estimated or predicted values and are significant for generating a product
Behan and his wife took title together at the same time to the same real property here in Michigan (while married to each other) and hold the real property as tenants by the entirety. Behan dies while still married to his wife. The estate is a conditional estate, not a fee simple estate. Behan's interest to the described real property, upon Behan's death:
a. escheats to the State of Michigan, under the facts of this question
b. passes back to the holder of the condition who now holds Behan's interest jointly with Behan's widow
c. passes to his wife, assuming she did not intentionally bring about Behan's death
d. passes through a probate proceeding, since Behan is now dead
Answer: passes to his wife, assuming she did not intentionally bring about Behan's death
Explanation:
We should note that Behan's interest to the described real property, upon the death of Behan will pass to his wife, assuming she did not intentionally bring about Behan's death.
Since they both own tne property as tenants and is a conditional estate, it simply means that the survivorship rights should be passed to another owner which is the wife in this case as long as the wife isn't responsible for his death.
outlinr the selection procedure as a huma resource activity
Answer and Explanation:
A selection process as a human resources activity must be outlined, starting with the filling out of a form by the candidates for the vacancy that they are being offered through the selection. This form must contain basic information that will allow the human resources department to select people who have the minimum requirements necessary to participate in the next phase of the process. The next phase should be an interview, to get to know the candidates, assess their communication skills and ask incisive questions about the skills they have and the level of interest in the vacancy they are competing for. This is the key moment in the process, where the human resources department will be able to determine who deserves to be selected.
Suppose the economy is experiencing a recession. The output gap is hovering at −7%, causing higher than normal unemployment. Using the Fed model, complete the following passages to compare and contrast how monetary policy and fiscal policy can impact the economy. a. The Federal Reserve can reduce the to stimulate greater output and employment. The federal government can increase to help ease the recession. b. If both monetary and fiscal policy are used, the MP curve will shift , and the IS curve will shift to the . Both shifts will increase , and t
Answer:
a. The Federal Reserve can reduce the interest rates to stimulate greater output and employment. The federal government can increase government spending to help ease the recession.
The Fed can reduce interest rates by engaging in expansionary monetary policy that would then make it easier to borrow funds for investment. The Federal government can also increase spending as this will put more money into the economy to help it start moving again.
b. If both monetary and fiscal policy are used, the MP curve will shift downward, and the IS curve will shift to the right. Both shifts will increase income.
If both monetary and fiscal policy are used, companies will start producing again and hiring more people which will shift the Marginal Productivity curve downward. The IS curve will also shift to the right and both to these are indicators of an increase in income.
Clementine Company makes skateboards. They prepare master and flexible budgets and then perform variance analysis after the budget plan period elapses. Their data is as follows: Budget Actual Selling price per unit $96 $104 Variable cost per unit $52 $55 Quantity sold 996 1,024 What is the Clementine's volume variance for SALES? If the variance is unfavorable put a minus sign in front of your answer. Enter your answer without commas or decimals.
Answer:
See below
Explanation:
Sales volume variance is the difference between Budgeted quantity and actual quantity sold, multiplied by the standard profit margin. Standard profit margin is the excess of Budgeted selling price over actual selling price
Therefore,
Clementine's sales volume variance
= (BQ - AQS) × Standard profit margin
= (996 - 1,024) × ($96 - $52)
= -28 × -$44
= $1,232 F
Patterson Development sometimes sells property on an installment basis. In those cases, Patterson reports income in its income statement in the year of the sale but reports installment income by the installment method on the tax return. Installment income in 2021 was $240 million, which Patterson expects to collect equally over the next four years. The tax rate is 25%, but based on an enacted law, is scheduled to become 35% in 2023.
Patterson's pretax accounting income for the 2013 income statement was $530 million of this, $30 million is non-taxable revenue from proceeds of a life insurance policy. There were no differences between accounting income and taxable income other than those described above and no cumlative temporary differences existed at the beggining of the year:
1. Prepare the appropriate journal entry to record patterson's 2013 income taxes.
2. What is Patterson's 2013 net income?
Answer:
1. Debit Income tax expense for $143 million; Credit Deferred tax liability for $78 million; and Credit Income tax payable for $65 million.
2. Patterson's 2021 net income is $387.
Explanation:
Note: There is an error in the question because of date inconsistency. Therefore, 2021 upward is used in the answer to ensure date consistency.
1. Prepare the appropriate journal entry to record patterson's 2021 income taxes.
Note: See the attached excel file for the calculation of income tax payable and deferred tax liability.
The journal entry will look as follows:
Date General journal Debit ($'M) Credit ($'M)
31 Dec 2021 Income tax expense 143
Deferred tax liability 78
Income tax payable 65
(To record income tax payable.)
2. What is Patterson's 2021 net income?
This can be determined as follows:
Particulars ($'Million)
Pre accounting income 530
Income tax expense (143)
Net income 387
Social responsibility theories:________
a. Are generally classified as modern ethical versions of Utilitarianism
b. Determine the moral worth of an action regardless of their consequences
c. Are largely precise legalistic formulations
d. Classify corporate social responsibility as typically the corporation engaging in community and civic affairs in a prudent manner.
Answer:
a. Are generally classified as modern ethical versions of Utilitarianism
Explanation:
It is correct to say that social responsibility theories are generally classified as modern ethical versions of utilitarianism, due to the fact that utilitarianism can be understood as an ethical doctrine whose premise is that moral agents must act to promote the greatest amount of good -be.
In this case, the moral agents are the companies, which currently assume a much larger role than just profitable entities, there is a social demand for companies to have corporate social responsibility, that is, to promote well-being and contribute with the community where they operate, through actions that minimize environmental impacts, social programs, community support, etc.
You have 40 years left until retirement and want to retire with $5 million. Your salary is paid annually, and you will receive $50,000 at the end of the current year. Your salary will increase at 3 percent per year, and you can earn a 10 percent return on the money you invest. If you save a constant percentage of your salary, what percentage of your salary must you save each year?
Answer:
16.67%
Explanation:
Calculation to determine what percentage of your salary must you save each year
First step is to calculate the Annual savings
Annual savings=$5 million*[(10%-3%)/(1+0.1)^40-(1+0.03)^40]
Annual savings=$5 million*0.07/(1.1^40-1.03^40)
Annual savings=$8333.88
Now let determine the percentage of the salary you must save each year
Proportion of savings=$8333.88/$50,000
Proportion of savings=0.1667*100
Proportion of savings=16.67%
Therefore the percentage of your salary that you must save each year is 16.67%
Smith and Sons, Inc. Income Statement (in millions)
2016 2015
Net sales 10,300 9,800
Cost of goods sold (5,500) (5,200)
Gross profit 4,800 4,600
Selling and administrative expenses (2,800) (2,700)
Income from operations 2,000 1,900
Interest expense (300) (250)
Income before income taxes 1,700 1,650
Income tax expense (420) (400)
Net income 1,280 1,250
Smith and Sons, Inc. Balance Sheet
Assets
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents 450 650
Accounts receivable 900 800
Inventory 750 900
Other current assets 400 250
Total current assets 2,500 2,600
Property, plant & equipment, net 2,350 2,250
Other assets 5,700 5,900
Total Assets 10,550 10,750
Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity
Current liabilities 3,250 3,150
Long-term liabilities 5,000 5,400
Total liabilities 8,250 8,550
Stockholders' equity-common 2,300 2,200
Total Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity 10,550 10,750
Required:
Calculate the quick ratio for Smith & Sons, Inc., for 2015 and 2016.
Answer:
2015 Quick Ratio 0.54
2016 Quick Ratio 0.54
Explanation:
Calculation to determine the quick ratio for Smith & Sons, Inc., for 2015 and 2016
Using this formula
Quick Ratio = Quick assets/Current liabilities
Let plug in the formula
2015 Quick Ratio = (2,600-900)/3150
2015 Quick Ratio= 0.54
2016 Quick Ratio = (2500-750)/3,250
2016 Quick Ratio = 0.54
Therefore the quick ratio for Smith & Sons, Inc., for 2015 is 0.54 and 2016 is 0.54
Tom Jordan is a manager for a McDonald's restaurant. Many of his key responsibilities include analyzing data and making key decisions for the success of his store. Tom's store has been experiencing decreased sales for breakfast services over the past 3 months. Tom is unsure why breakfast revenues are down while lunch and dinner revenues remain unchanged. Tom believes that he can drive revenue up by implementing a few different breakfast promotions such as free coffee or hash browns with the purchase of a meal. Tom performs an extensive analysis of how continuous changes in breakfast promotions could impact his daily revenue. What type of DSS analysis is Tom performing? optimization analysis sensitivity analysis transaction analysis goal-seeking analysis
Answer: sensitivity analysis
Explanation:
From the information given in the question, we can infer that the type of DSS analysis that Tom is performing is the sensitivity analysis.
Sensitivity analysis simply refers to the quantitative risk assessment that deajs with how the alteration of a particular variable will have an effect on the model's output.
Here, Tom believing that he can increase revenue up by implementing a few different breakfast promotions like the free coffee or hash browns shows that he's using sensitivity analysis.
The management of Advanced Alternative Power Inc. is considering two capital investment projects. The estimated net cash flows from each project are as follows: Year Wind Turbines Biofuel Equipment 1 $280,000 $300,000 2 280,000 300,000 3 280,000 300,000 4 280,000 300,000 The wind turbines require an investment of $887,600, while the biofuel equipment requires an investment of $911,100. No residual value is expected from either project. Present Value of an Annuity of $1 at Compound Interest Year 6% 10% 12% 15% 20% 1 0.943 0.909 0.893 0.870 0.833 2 1.833 1.736 1.690 1.626 1.528 3 2.673 2.487 2.402 2.283 2.106 4 3.465 3.170 3.037 2.855 2.589 5 4.212 3.791 3.605 3.353 2.991 6 4.917 4.355 4.111 3.785 3.326 7 5.582 4.868 4.564 4.160 3.605 8 6.210 5.335 4.968 4.487 3.837 9 6.802 5.759 5.328 4.772 4.031 10 7.360 6.145 5.650 5.019 4.192
Required:
1a. Compute the net present value for each project. Use a rate of 6% and the present value of an annuity of $1 in the table above. If required, round to the nearest dollar.
Wind Turbines Bio Fuel Equipment
Present value of annual net cash flows $ $
Less amount to be invested $ $
Net present value $ $
1b. Compute a present value index for each project. If required, round your answers to two decimal places.
Present Value Index
Wind Turbines
Bio Fuel Equipment
2. Determine the internal rate of return for each project by (a) computing a present value factor for an annuity of $1 and (b) using the present value of an annuity of $1 in the table above. If required, round your present value factor answers to three decimal places and internal rate of return to the nearest percent.
Wind Turbines Bio Fuel Equipment
Present value factor for an annuity of $1
Internal rate of return % %
Solutions Inc. signs a 10-year lease for a building owned by Property Inc. that is appropriately classified as an operating lease by both the lessee and lessor. Lease payments are $150,000 per year. The building has an estimated useful life of 30 years with no salvage value. Assume that the building has a fair and carrying value of $2,000,000 at the commencement of the lease, what amount would Property Inc. recognize in its income statement (ignoring taxes) for the year ended December 31, 2020
Answer: $83,333
Explanation:
Amount Property will recognize in income statement:
= Lease revenue - Depreciation
Depreciation:
= (Fair value - salvage) / useful life
= (2,000,000 - 0) / 30
= $66,667
Amount recognized in income statement:
= 150,000 - 66,667
= $83,333
FedEx is the world's largest express transportation company. In addition to the world's largest fleet of all-cargo aircraft, the company has more than 650 aircraft and 58.000 vehicles and trailers that pick up and deliver packages. Assume that FedEx sold a delivery truck that had been used in the business for three years. The records of the company reflected the following:
Delivery truck cost $35,000
Accumulated depreciation $23,000
Required:
1. Give the journal entry for the disposal of the truck, assuming that the truck sold for
a. $12,000 cash
b. $12.400 cash
c. $11,500 cash
2. Based on the three preceding situations, explain the effects of the disposal of an asset.
Answer:
1-a. Debit Cash for $12,000; Debit Accumulated depreciation - Truck for $23,000; and Credit Equipment - Truck for $35,000.
1-b. Debit Cash for $12,400; Debit Accumulated depreciation - Truck for $23,000; Credit Gain on sale of equipment for $400; and Credit Equipment - Truck for $35,000.
1-c. Debit Cash for $11,500; Debit Accumulated depreciation - Truck for $23,000; Debit Loss on sale of equipment for $500; and Credit Equipment - Truck for $35,000.
2-a. The disposal the asset (Delivery truck) for $12,000 cash results into neither gain nor loss.
2-b. The disposal the asset (Delivery truck) for $12,400 cash results into a gain of $400.
2-b. The disposal the asset (Delivery truck) for $11,500 cash results into a loss of $500.
Explanation:
1-a. Give the journal entry for the disposal of the truck, assuming that the truck sold for $12,000 cash.
Gain or loss on the disposal of delivery truck = Cash - (Delivery truck cost - Accumulated depreciation) = $12,000 - ($35,000 - $23,000) = $12,000 - $12,000 = $0
Therefore, the journal entries will look as follows:
Particulars Debit ($) Credit ($)
Cash 12,000
Accumulated depreciation - Truck 23,000
Equipment - Truck 35,000
(To record the disposal of delivery truck.)
1-b. Give the journal entry for the disposal of the truck, assuming that the truck sold for $12,400 cash.
Gain or loss on the disposal of delivery truck = Cash - (Delivery truck cost - Accumulated depreciation) = $12,400 - ($35,000 - $23,000) = $12,400 - $12,000 = $400 gain
Therefore, the journal entries will look as follows:
Particulars Debit ($) Credit ($)
Cash 12,400
Accumulated depreciation - Truck 23,000
Gain on sale of equipment 400
Equipment - Truck 35,000
(To record the disposal of delivery truck.)
1-c. Give the journal entry for the disposal of the truck, assuming that the truck sold for $11,500 cash.
Gain or loss on the disposal of delivery truck = Cash - (Delivery truck cost - Accumulated depreciation) = $11,500 - ($35,000 - $23,000) = $11,500 - $12,000 = $500 loss
Therefore, the journal entries will look as follows:
Particulars Debit ($) Credit ($)
Cash 11,500
Accumulated depreciation - Truck 23,000
Loss on sale of equipment 500
Equipment - Truck 35,000
(To record the disposal of delivery truck.)
2. Based on the three preceding situations, explain the effects of the disposal of an asset.
2-a. The disposal the asset (Delivery truck) for $12,000 cash results into neither gain nor loss.
2-b. The disposal the asset (Delivery truck) for $12,400 cash results into a gain of $400.
2-b. The disposal the asset (Delivery truck) for $11,500 cash results into a loss of $500.
X Company must purchase a new delivery truck and is using the payback method to evaluate two possible trucks. Truck 1 costs $31,000; Truck 2 costs $44,000. The useful life of both is seven years, with the following estimated operating cash flows:
Year Truck 1 Truck2
1 6000 7000
2 8,000 4,000
3 8,000 3,000
4 8,000 3,000
5 6,000 3,000
6 5,000 2,000
7 4,000 2,000
If X Company chooses Truck 2 instead of Truck 1, what is the payback period (in years)?
A: 2
B: 3
C: 4
D: 5
E: 6
F: 7
Answer:
C: 4
Explanation:
The computation of the payback period is shown below:
Incremental investment in truck 2 is
= $44,000 - $31,000
= $13,000
Now
Year Cash saving in cost Cumulative
1 -$1,000 -$1,000
2 $4,000 $3,000
3 $5,000 $8,000
4 $5,000 $13,000
5 $3,000 $16,000
6 $3,000 $19,000
7 $2,000 $21,000
Select the statement that best describes money's function as a standard of deferred payment.
a. The purchasing power of a currency is relatively stable over time
b. A currency is widely accepted in exchange for goods and services and therefore makes economic transactions easier.
c. A currency can be used to express the value goods and services that are both relatively expensive and goods and services that are relatively cheap.
d. People are willing to accept a currency in the future as compensation for debts accrued earlier
Answer:
d. People are willing to accept a currency in the future as compensation for debts accrued earlier
Explanation:
Money can be used to pay your current debts at a later date since $100 will still be $100 in the future. They might lose some of its value due to inflation, but they do not spoil or rot, and will probably be accepted in the future. imagine trying to pay an old debt with rotten tomatoes or an old cow.
Chrzan, Inc., manufactures and sells two products: Product E0 and Product N0. Data concerning the expected production of each product and the expected total direct labor-hours (DLHs) required to produce that output appear below: Expected Production Direct Labor-Hours Per Unit Total Direct Labor-Hours Product E0 340 9.4 3,196 Product N0 1,200 8.4 10,080 Total direct labor-hours 13,276 The company is considering adopting an activity-based costing system with the following activity cost pools, activity measures, and expected activity: Estimated Expected Activity Activity Cost Pools Activity Measures Overhead Cost Product E0 Product N0 Total Labor-related DLHs $ 298,390 3,196 10,080 13,276 Production orders orders 57,587 500 600 1,100 Order size MHs 581,866 5,200 4,900 10,100 $ 937,843 The activity rate for the Order Size activity cost pool under activity-based costing is closest to:
Answer:
Order size= $57.61 per machine hour
Explanation:
Giving the following information:
Order size:
Estimated total overhead= $581,866
Estimated total machine hours= 10,100
To calculate the predetermined manufacturing overhead rate we need to use the following formula:
Predetermined manufacturing overhead rate= total estimated overhead costs for the period/ total amount of allocation base
Order size= 581,866 / 10,100
Order size= $57.61 per machine hour
On March 1, Imhoff Co. began construction of a small building. Payments of $202,539 were made monthly for several months. The payments begin on the first day of March. The building was completed and ready for occupancy on the first day of June. In determining the amount of interest cost to be capitalized, the weighted-average accumulated expenditures are
Answer:
$101,269.5
Explanation:
Calculation to determine the weighted-average accumulated expenditures
Weighted-average accumulated expenditures=$202,539* (3/12 + 2/12 + 1/12)
Weighted-average accumulated expenditures=$202,539*0.5
Weighted-average accumulated expenditures=$101,269.5
Therefore In determining the amount of interest cost to be capitalized, the weighted-average accumulated expenditures are $101,269.5
Which of the following is not a way to accomplish an activity cost reduction? a.improve operations so that the activity-base usage per unit is reduced b.use lower-cost materials c.change the classification of employees doing an activity so as to decrease the activity rate d.none of the above
Answer:
b. use lower-cost materials
Explanation:
In Accounting, costing is the measurement of the cost of production of goods and services by assessing the fixed costs and variable costs associated with each step of production.
Production costs can be categorized as;
1. Variable costs: these are costs that usually change with respect to changes in the level of production or output. Examples are direct labor, maintenance of equipment or machines, raw materials costs etc.
2. Fixed costs: these are the costs which are not directly related to the level of production or not affected by the quantity of output in an organization. Examples are rent, depreciation, administrative cost, research and development costs, marketing costs etc.
Some of the ways to accomplish activity cost reduction are;
I. The operations of a business firm should be improved in order to make the activity-base usage per unit to be reduced.
II. The classification of employees doing an activity should be changed so as to decrease the activity rate.
The financial information below presents selected information from the financial statements of Pelican Company. Sales revenue during the current year was $13,340,300 and cost of goods sold was $8,914,195. All of Pelican's sales are made on account and are due within 30 days. Prior Year Current Year Cash and cash equivalents $ 570,330 $ 635,780 Accounts receivable 4,730,000 3,818,000 Inventory 938,360 1,277,440 Total current assets 8,250,030 8,210,100 Total assets 11,118,020 10,998,000 Total current liabilities 7,830,300 6,306,000 Total liabilities 8,467,900 8,276,700 Required: Current ratios as of the end of the current and prior year. Calculate the receivables turnover ratio for the current year. Calculate the days to collect for the current year. Calculate the inventory turnover ratio for the current year. Calculate the days to sell for the current year.
Required A
Required B
Required C
Required D
Required E
Current ratios as of the end of the current and prior year. (Round your answers to 2 decimal places.)
Current Year Prior Year
Current Ratio
Required A
Required B
Required C
Required D
Required E
Calculate the receivables turnover ratio for the current year. (Round your answer to 2 decimal places.)
Receivables Turnover Ratio
Complete this question by entering your answers in the tabs below.
Required A
Required B
Required C
Required D
Required E
Calculate the days to collect for the current year. (Round your intermediate calculations. Round your final answer to 2 decimal places.)
Days to Collect
Required A
Required B
Required C
Required D
Required E
Calculate the inventory turnover ratio for the current year. (Round your answer to 2 decimal places.)
Inventory Turnover Ratio
Required A
Required B
Required C
Required D
Required E
Calculate the days to sell for the current year. (Round your intermediate calculations. Round your final answer to 2 decimal places.)
Days to Sell
Answer:
Current Ratio 1.05
Receivable turnover days 129 days
Days to collect 2.83
Inventory Turnover days 38 days
Days to sell 9.61
Explanation:
Current Ratio : Total Current Assets / Total Current Liabilities
Current Ratio : 8,250,030 / 7,830,300 = 1.05
Receivable turnover days : ( Accounts Receivable / Total Sales ) * 365 days
Receivable turnover days : ( 4,730,000 / 13,340,300 ) * 365
Receivable turnover days : 129 days
Days to collect : 365 days / Accounts receivable turnover days
Days to collect : 365 / 129 days = 2.83
Inventory turnover days : ( Inventory / Cost of goods sold ) * 365
Inventory turnover days : ( 938,360 / 8,914,195 ) * 365
Inventory turnover days : 38 days
Days to sell : 365 days / Inventory turnover ratio
Days to sell : 365 / 38 days = 9.61
Precision Castparts, a manufacturer of processed engine parts in the automotive and airline industries, borrows $39.4 million cash on October 1, 2021, to provide working capital for anticipated expansion. Precision signs a one-year, 9% promissory note to Midwest Bank under a prearranged short-term line of credit. Interest on the note is payable at maturity. Each firm has a December 31 year-end.
Required:
a. Prepare the journal entries on October 1, 2021, to record the issuance of the note.
b. Record the adjustments on December 31, 2021.
c. Prepare the journal entries on September 30, 2021, to record payment of the notes payable at maturity.
Answer:
a. Precision Castparts
Dr Cash $39.4 million
Cr Notes Payable $39.4 million
Midwest Bank
Dr Notes Receivable $39.4 million
Cr Cash $39.4 million
b. Precision Castparts
Dr Interest expense $886,500
Cr Interest payable $886,500
Midwest Bank
Dr Interest receivable $886,500
Cr Interest revenue $886,500
c. Precision Castparts
Dr Notes payable $39.4 million
Dr Interest expense $2,659,500
Dr Interest payable $886,500
Cr Cash $42,946,000
Midwest Bank
Dr Cash $42,946,000
Cr Notes receivable $39.4 million
Cr Interest revenue $2,659,500
Cr Interest receivable $886,500
Explanation:
a. Preparation of the journal entries on October 1, 2021, to record the issuance of the note.
Precision Castparts
Dr Cash $39.4 million
Cr Notes Payable $39.4 million
Midwest Bank
Dr Notes Receivable $39.4 million
Cr Cash $39.4 million
b. Preparation of the journal entry to Record the adjustments on December 31, 2021.
Precision Castparts
Dr Interest expense $886,500 ($39.4 million x 9% x 3/12)
Cr Interest payable $886,500
Midwest Bank
Dr Interest receivable $886,500
Cr Interest revenue $886,500
($39.4 million x 9% x 3/12)
c. Preparation of the journal entries on September 30, 2021, to record payment of the notes payable at maturity.
Precision Castparts
Dr Notes payable $39.4 million
Dr Interest expense $2,659,500($39.4 million x 9% x 9/12)
Dr Interest payable $886,500
($39.4 million x 9% x 3/12)
Cr Cash $42,946,000
($39.4 million+$2,659,500+$886,500)
Midwest Bank
Dr Cash $42,946,000
($39.4 million+$2,659,500+$886,500)
Cr Notes receivable $39.4 million
Cr Interest revenue $2,659,500($39.4 million x 9% x 9/12)
Cr Interest receivable $886,500
($39.4 million x 9% x 3/12)
Kragan Clothing Company manufactures its own designed and labeled athletic wear and sells its products through catalog sales and retail outlets. While Kragan has for years used activity-based costing in its manufacturing activities, it has always used traditional costing in assigning its selling costs to its product lines. Selling costs have traditionally been assigned to Kraganâs product lines at a rate of 70% of direct materials costs. Its direct materials costs for the month of March for Kraganâs "high-intensity" line of athletic wear are $395,000. The company has decided to extend activity-based costing to its selling costs. Data relating to the "high-intensity" line of products for the month of March are as follows.
Activity Cost Pools Cost Drivers Overhead Rate Number of Cost Drivers Used per Activity
Sales commissions Dollar sales $0.05 per dollar sales $940,000
AdvertisingâTV Minutes $300 per minute 230
AdvertisingâInternet Column inches $10 per column inch 2,000
Catalogs Catalogs mailed $2.50 per catalog 62,400
Cost of catalog sales Catalog orders $1 per catalog order 8,750
Credit and collection Dollar sales $0.03 per dollar sales $940,000
Requied:
Compute the selling costs to be assigned to the "high-intensity" line of athletic wear for the month of March (1) using the traditional product costing system (direct materials cost is the cost driver), and (2) using activity-based costing.
Answer:
1. $276,500
2. $328,950
Explanation:
1. Computation for the selling costs to be assigned to the "high-intensity" line of athletic wear for the month of March using the traditional product costing system
Traditional product costing = $395,000 * 70%
Traditional product costing = $276,500
Therefore the selling costs to be assigned to the "high-intensity" line of athletic wear for the month of March using the traditional product costing system is $276,500
2. Computation for the selling costs to be assigned to the "high-intensity" line of athletic wear for the month of March using activity-based costing
Activity based costing :
Sales commissions ($940,000*$0.05) $47,000
Advertising - TV (230*$300) $69,000
Advertising - internet (2,000*$10) 20,000
Catalogs (62,400*$2.50) $156,000
Cost of catalog sales (8,750*$1) 8,750
Credit and collection ($940,000*$0.03) $28,200
Selling cost $328,950
Therefore the selling costs to be assigned to the "high-intensity" line of athletic wear for the month of March using activity-based costing is $328,950
P3-uZ Company produces leather sandals. The company employs a standard costing system and has the following standards in order to produce one pair of sandals:
Standard quantity Standard price
Direct materials 2 leather strips ?? per strip
Direct Labor 2.5 hours $12 per hour
Variable overhead 2.5 hours ?? per hour
During May, P3-uz used 16,300 leather strips in the production of sandals. P3-uz had no beginning inventories of any type for May. At May 31, P3-uz had 600 leather strips remaining in its direct materials inventory.
P3-uz Company reported the following variances for May:
Direct material price variance $40,525 favorable
Direct labor rate variance $27,560 unfavorable
Total direct labor variance $37,240 favorable
Variable overhead spending variance $9,280 unfavorable
Variable overhead efficiency variance $60,480 favorable
Required:
Calculate P3-uz's direct material quantity variance for May.
Answer:
Direct material quantity variance for May = (16,300 - (2 * Actual number of sandals produced in May)) * 9.84
Explanation:
Note: This question is not complete as total cost of leather strips purchased and direct labor are both omitted. The complete question is therefore provided before answering the question as follows:
P3-uZ Company produces leather sandals. The company employs a standard costing system and has the following standards in order to produce one pair of sandals:
Standard quantity Standard price
Direct materials 2 leather strips ?? per strip
Direct Labor 2.5 hours $12 per hour
Variable overhead 2.5 hours ?? per hour
During May, P3-uz purchased leather strips at a total cost of $124,250 and had direct labor totaling $154,760. During May, P3-uz used 16,300 leather strips in the production of sandals. P3-uz had no beginning inventories of any type for May. At May 31, P3-uz had 600 leather strips remaining in its direct materials inventory.
P3-uz Company reported the following variances for May:
Direct material price variance $40,525 favorable
Direct labor rate variance $27,560 unfavorable
Total direct labor variance $37,240 favorable
Variable overhead spending variance $9,280 unfavorable
Variable overhead efficiency variance $60,480 favorable
Required:
Calculate P3-uz's direct material quantity variance for May.
The explanation of the answer is now given as follows:
Actual total quantity = Number of strips of leather used in production = 16,300
Number of strips of leather purchased = Actual total quantity + Number of leather strips remaining in its direct materials inventory = 16,300 + 600 = 16,900
Actual price per strips = Total cost of leather strips purchased / Number of strips of leather purchased = $124,250 / 16,900 = $7.35
Direct material price variance = (Standard price – Actual price) * Actual quantity ................... (1)
Substituting the relevant values into equation (1) and solve for Standard price, we have:
$40,525 = (Standard price - 7.35) * 16,300
$40,525 = (Standard price * 16,300) - (7.35 * 16300)
(Standard price * 16,300) = $40,525 + (7.35 * 16300)
Standard price = ($40,525 + (7.35 * 16300)) / 16,300
Standard price = $9.84
Therefore, we have:
Direct material quantity variance for May = (Actual total quantity - (Standard quantity * Actual number sandals produced)) * Standard price ................. (2)
Substituting the relevant values into equation (2) and solve for Standard price, we have:
Direct material quantity variance for May = (16,300 - (2 * Actual number of sandals produced in May)) * 9.84 ............... (3)
Therefore, equation (3) gives the Direct material quantity variance for May since the question is silent on the Actual number of sandals produced produced in May.
Yukelson Company owns the building occupied by its administrative office. The office building was reflected in the accounts at the end of last year as follows:
a, Cost when acquired $412,500
b. Accumulated depreciation (based on straight-line depreciation, an estimated life of 50 years, and a $37,500 residual value) 60,000
During January of this year, on the basis of a careful study, management decided that the total estimated useful life should be changed to 30 years (instead of 50) and the residual value reduced to $22,500 (from $30,000). The depreciation method will not change.
Required:
1. Compute the annual depreciation expense prior to the change in estimates.
2. Compute the annual depreciation expense after the change in estimates.
3. What will be the net effect of changing estimates on the balance sheet, net income, and cash flows for the year?
Answer:
Yukelson Company
1. The annual depreciation expense prior to the change in estimates is:
= $7,500.
2. The annual depreciation expense after the change in estimates is:
= $13,000.
3. The net effect of changing estimates on the balance sheet, net income, and cash flows for the year:
Balance Sheet:
The accumulated depreciation will increase by $5,500, thus reducing the net book value of the building.
Net Income:
The net income will be reduced by $5,500.
Cash Flows:
No effect on cash flows because depreciation is not a cash flow item. The only adjustment will be when the net income is used to compute the cash flows.
Explanation:
a) Data and Calculations:
Cost Building = $412,500
Estimated residual value = $37,500
Estimated useful life = 50 years
Accumulated depreciation = $60,000
Depreciable amount = $375,000 ($412,500 - $37,500)
Annual depreciation expense = $7,500 ($375,000/50)
Revised residual value = $22,500
Revised useful life = 30 years
Depreciable amount = $390,000 ($412,500 - $22,500)
Annual depreciation expense = $13,000 ($390,000/30)
A reserve clause binds a professional athlete to a sports franchise even if the player does not have a contract with the team that retains the rights to the player. In other words, the player can only play for a single team and other teams may not bid for the player's services even in the absence of a contract. Major League Baseball was forced to outlaw reserve clauses in 1975. As a result of the ban, we would expect that
Answer: D. players in the major leagues would be paid more than their marginal product.
Explanation:
When the reserve clause was in effect, a team that had the rights to a player could pay the player what they wanted or at least according to their marginal product depending on how good they were without having to worry about other teams offering more money to the player because they could just decide not to let the player go.
When this clause was removed, this changed. Other teams could bid for players so bidding wars allowed major league players to make more money from either their team which would be forced to increase their salaries, or from other teams who would entice the players to move with higher salaries. This led to major league players being paid more than their marginal product.