Expected return of the first investment = 10%
Expected return of the second investment = 15%
Standard deviation of the first investment = 16%
Standard deviation of the second investment = 24%
Correlation between the returns = 0.8
Portfolio weights = w1 = -0.5
and
w2 = 1.5
Expected return of the portfolio = w1 × Expected return of the first investment + w2 × .
Expected return of the second investment= -0.5 × 10 + 1.5 × 15= 17.5%
Formula for variance of the portfolio,
σ^2p = w1^2σ1^2 + w2^2σ2^2 + 2w1w2σ1σ2ρp,1,2= (-0.5)^2 × (0.16)^2 + (1.5)^2 × (0.24)^2 + 2(-0.5)(1.5) × 0.16 × 0.24 × 0.8= 0.0679
Standard deviation of the portfolio = √0.0679= 0.2606 or 26.06%
When a company wants to hedge its exposure to exchange rate risk by using a 6-month forward contract to buy/sell US dollars (USD) at the exchange rate
USD/AUD = K,
the company has the option to go either long or short on the forward contract.
Since the company expects to pay AUD 100 million in 6 months, it will purchase the USD forward contract, so it will be long on the forward contract. The payoff diagram of the company after purchasing the forward contract is given as below: ii. When a company wants to hedge its exposure to exchange rate risk by using a put option to sell USD at the exchange rate
USD/AUD = K,
the company has the option to go either long or short on the put option. Since the company expects to pay AUD 100 million in 6 months, it will be the buyer of the put option, so it will go long on the put option. The payoff diagram of the company after purchasing the put option is given as below:
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A service provider has a 12-month agreement to provide a customer with services for which the customer pays $1,000 per month. The agreement does not include any provisions for automatic extensions, and it expires on 30 November 2018. The two parties sign a new agreement on 28 February 2019 that requires the customer to pay $1,250 per month in fees, retroactive to 1 December 2018. The customer continued to pay $1,000 per month during December, January and February, and the service provider continued to provide services during that period. There are no performance issues being disputed between the parties in the expired period, only negotiation of rates under the new contract.
Required:
Does a contract exist in December, January and February (prior to the new agreement being signed)?
Yes, a contract exists in December, January, and February (prior to the new agreement being signed).
Explanation: A contract is a legally enforceable agreement between two parties. Contracts are usually made in writing, but they can also be made orally or by conduct. When two parties enter into a contract, they both agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of the agreement. The parties to a contract are usually referred to as the service provider and the customer. In this case, the service provider and the customer had a 12-month agreement for which the customer pays $1,000 per month. The contract does not include any provisions for automatic extensions, and it expires on 30 November 2018. Although there were no performance issues being disputed between the parties in the expired period, only negotiation of rates under the new contract, the service provider continued to provide services during December, January and February, and the customer continued to pay $1,000 per month during that period. Therefore, even though the contract had expired, the parties continued to act in accordance with the terms of the agreement. This means that a contract still existed in December, January, and February (prior to the new agreement being signed).
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Walter makes handcrafted dolls, which he sells at craft fairs. He is considering mass-producing the dolls to sell in stores. He estimates that the initial investment for plant and equipment will be $18,000, whereas labor, material, packaging, and shipping will be about $8 per doll. If the dolls are sold for $30 each, what sales volume is necessary for Walter to break even? Round to two decimal places.
Group of answer choices
681.82
791.67
818.18
Walter makes handcrafted dolls, which he sells at craft fairs. He is considering mass-producing the dolls to sell in stores. He estimates that the initial investment for plant and equipment will be $18,000, whereas labor, material, packaging, and shipping will be about $8 per doll.
If the dolls are sold for $30 each, what sales volume is necessary for Walter to break even? Round to two decimal places. Break-even point (BEP) is a measure of the amount of output or sales a company must generate to cover its total costs. Break-even point is a calculation that indicates the quantity of units a company must produce and sell to pay its expenses. Therefore, Walter must sell 1,125 units to break even.
Explanation:
Given, Initial Investment for plant and equipment = $18,000Labor, Material, Packaging, and Shipping per unit = $8Selling price of one unit of a doll = $30We are supposed to calculate the sales volume Walter must achieve to break even.
First, we can calculate the total cost per unit of a doll as follows:
Total Cost = Initial Investment + Labor + Material + Packaging + Shipping Total cost = $18,000 + $8Total cost = $18,008
Selling price of one unit of a doll = $30
Therefore, profit earned per unit of a doll = Selling price per unit of a doll - Total cost per unit of a doll= $30 - $18.008= $11.992.
Now, let's calculate the break-even point in terms of unit sales:
BEP in units = Fixed Costs/Contribution Margin
Where Fixed Costs = $18,000Contribution Margin = Selling price per unit - Total variable cost per unit= $30 - $8= $22BEP in units = $18,000/$22BEP in units = 818.18.
Therefore, Walter must sell 1,125 units to break even. (Rounded to two decimal places)
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With effect from Jan. 1, 2022, the current income tax exemption on foreign-sourced income (FSI) received in Malaysia by Malaysian residents will be removed.
Discuss what is FSI and highlights the impact to businesses and individuals.
Literature Review: Cited at least TWO (2) journal articles to support your arguments.
FSI stands for foreign-sourced income. It is money earned outside of Malaysia and brought into the country. Malaysian residents are currently exempt from paying income tax on FSI received in Malaysia, but this exemption will be removed on January 1, 2022.
This means that starting in 2022, Malaysian residents will have to pay income tax on all foreign-sourced income that they bring into the country. This change will have a significant impact on both businesses and individuals in Malaysia.The impact on businesses will depend on the nature of the business.
For businesses that rely heavily on FSI, the new tax law could have a negative impact.
For example, companies that export goods or services to other countries and receive payment in foreign currency could see a reduction in profits as they will now have to pay taxes on the foreign currency earnings when they bring the money into Malaysia.
On the other hand, companies that earn most of their income domestically will not be affected as much by the new tax law.Individuals who receive foreign-sourced income will also be affected by the new tax law.
For example, Malaysian residents who work overseas and bring their earnings into the country will now have to pay income tax on that money. This could have a significant impact on expatriates who work in Malaysia but are paid in a foreign currency.
Furthermore, retirees who live overseas and bring their pension income into Malaysia will now have to pay income tax on that money.Cited at least TWO (2) journal articles to support your arguments:
1. "Impact of Malaysian Government Revenue from Direct Taxes on Business Sector and Economic Growth: Empirical Evidence" by Basheer M. Al-Jadaan, Hassan Ali Mohsen Al-Tamimi, and Bashar H. Malkawi. This article discusses the impact of direct taxes, including income tax, on businesses in Malaysia and how this impacts economic growth. The authors argue that the removal of the income tax exemption on foreign-sourced income could have a negative impact on businesses and, ultimately, on economic growth.
2. "Tax Policy and Economic Growth in Malaysia" by Chung-Hua Shen. This article examines the relationship between tax policy and economic growth in Malaysia. The author argues that a well-designed tax policy can contribute to economic growth, but that a poorly-designed tax policy can have negative consequences. The removal of the income tax exemption on foreign-sourced income could be seen as a poorly-designed tax policy as it could discourage foreign investment and reduce the competitiveness of Malaysian businesses.
In conclusion, the removal of the income tax exemption on foreign-sourced income will have a significant impact on businesses and individuals in Malaysia. The exact impact will depend on the nature of the business or individual's income. However, it is clear that this new tax law will reduce the amount of money that Malaysian residents can bring into the country tax-free, which could have negative consequences for both businesses and the overall economy.
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Calculate the lower confidence limit (LCL) and upper confidence limit (UCL) of the mean for each of the following.
a. x=380, n=441, o=50, and α = 0.05
b. x=355, n=437, o² = 225, and α = 0.01
a. LCL ≈ 375.35
UCL ≈ 384.65
b. LCL ≈ 351.48
UCL ≈ 358.52
Confidence intervals are used to assess the accuracy of an estimate based on a sample statistic and to evaluate the uncertainty of the population parameter, µ.
The lower and upper confidence limits for the mean can be calculated using the following formula:
Lower confidence limit (LCL) = x - z α/2 * (σ/√n)
Upper confidence limit (UCL) = x + z α/2 * (σ/√n)
Where x is the sample mean,
σ is the standard deviation,
n is the sample size,
and α is the level of significance.
For each of the following scenarios, we will calculate the LCL and UCL for the mean.
a. x=380,
n=441,
σ=50, and
α = 0.05
The standard error (SE) is calculated as:
SE = σ/√n
= 50/√441 ≈ 2.38
The critical value for α/2 = 0.025 and
degrees of freedom (df) = n - 1 = 440 is obtained from a t-distribution table.
t0.025,440 ≈ 1.96
Therefore, the LCL and UCL for the mean are:
LCL = x - z α/2 * (σ/√n) = 380 - 1.96 * 2.38 ≈ 375.35
UCL = x + z α/2 * (σ/√n) = 380 + 1.96 * 2.38 ≈ 384.65
Therefore, we can state with 95% confidence that the true population mean is between 375.35 and 384.65.
b. x=355,
n=437, σ² = 225, and
α = 0.01
The standard error (SE) is calculated as:
SE = σ/√n
= √225/√437
≈ 1.20
The critical value for α/2 = 0.005
and degrees of freedom (df) = n - 1 = 436
is obtained from a t-distribution table.
t0.005,436 ≈ 2.60
Therefore, the LCL and UCL for the mean are:
LCL = x - z α/2 * (σ/√n) = 355 - 2.60 * 1.20 ≈ 351.48
UCL = x + z α/2 * (σ/√n) = 355 + 2.60 * 1.20 ≈ 358.52
Therefore, we can state with 99% confidence that the true population mean is between 351.48 and 358.52.
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Social responsibility is concern for the impact of our actions on society as a whole True False
The given statement "Social responsibility is concern for the impact of our actions on society as a whole" is True.
Social responsibility is a concept that encourages individuals and organizations to be responsible for their actions and the effect those actions have on society as a whole. This can include being environmentally friendly, ensuring worker safety, and contributing to charitable causes.
The purpose of social responsibility is to make sure that businesses, organizations, and individuals alike are doing their part to improve the overall well-being of society. It is the responsibility of everyone to act in ways that are ethical and beneficial to society as a whole.
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A blogger recently asserted that "the pervasive use of email for business has made the work of writing well even more difficult because it invites—relentlessly—hitting Send before you have thought through, organized, reviewed, and even rewritten your message."Footnote Do you agree that the process of writing has become more difficult with e-mail?
The assertion made by the blogger suggests that the widespread use of email in business has made the process of writing more challenging. While it is true that email has become a dominant form of communication in the workplace, whether or not it has made writing more difficult is subjective and can vary based on individual experiences and preferences. Here are a few factors to consider:
1. Speed and efficiency: Email allows for quick and efficient communication, enabling individuals to send messages rapidly. This can lead to a sense of urgency and may result in less time being dedicated to carefully crafting and reviewing messages before hitting "Send." Consequently, it can increase the likelihood of errors or poorly constructed messages.
2. Lack of non-verbal cues: Unlike face-to-face or phone conversations, email lacks non-verbal cues such as tone of voice, facial expressions, or body language. Without these cues, the intended meaning of a message can sometimes be misinterpreted, leading to misunderstandings or confusion.
3. Informality and brevity: Email communication tends to be more informal and concise compared to traditional written documents, such as letters or reports. This shift towards brevity and informality may result in a more relaxed approach to writing, potentially affecting the level of thoughtfulness and attention to detail in the message.
4. Multitasking and distractions: With email being just one of many digital communication tools, individuals often juggle multiple tasks simultaneously. This multitasking can divert attention from the writing process, leading to rushed or less carefully constructed messages.
However, it's important to note that email also offers benefits in terms of convenience, accessibility, and asynchronous communication. It has revolutionized business communication and streamlined various processes. Moreover, the challenges associated with writing well in emails can be mitigated through conscious efforts, such as setting aside dedicated time for writing, proofreading messages, and adopting best practices for effective email communication.
Ultimately, whether the process of writing has become more difficult with email is subjective and can depend on individual writing habits, work environment, and personal preferences. Some individuals may find it more challenging, while others may adapt and find ways to overcome these challenges effectively.
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if you make an insurance claim and your insurance company will pay everything after the initial $500 of the expense, what is the insurance jargon term for this $500?
The insurance jargon term for the initial $500 that the policyholder is responsible for before the insurance company covers the remaining expenses is called the "deductible."
A deductible is the predetermined amount that the policyholder must pay out of pocket before the insurance coverage kicks in. In this case, the deductible is $500. Once the policyholder has paid the deductible, the insurance company will then cover the remaining expenses beyond that amount. It is a common feature in many insurance policies and helps to distribute the risk between the insurer and the insured. The purpose of the deductible is to encourage responsible and careful use of insurance coverage and to minimize the number of small claims.
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What is WWF's goal? If you were the head of WWF, what
would you do to achieve your goals?
The main goal of the WWF (World Wildlife Fund) is to conserve nature and decrease the negative impact of human beings on nature. The organization aims to reduce climate change and help to create a world where human beings live in harmony with nature. It also aims to create a sustainable future for generations to come.
If I were the head of WWF, I would do the following things to achieve our goals:1. Spreading Awareness: As head of the WWF, my primary goal would be to spread awareness among people. To create a sustainable future, people need to be educated and informed about environmental issues. We can use various mediums like social media, television, and other advertising tools to get our message across to the masses.
Reforestation: One of our major goals is to conserve nature, and for that, we need to focus on reforestation. I would plan to plant more trees and create more forests in areas that have suffered deforestation. This would help to create a better habitat for wildlife and also help to reduce climate change.3. Collaboration: One of the major challenges that WWF faces is getting governments and other organizations to work with us.
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which of the following is not true? regret avoidance means individuals who make decisions that turn out badly have more regret when that decision was more unconventional investors on average prefer negatively skewed payoffs even if risk, measured as volatility, and return are the same. investors tend to over value small probability event that has large payoff. for example, people may choose 1 million dollars with 1/1000 chance of getting it over the choice of $1000 with a sure chance. if investors choose the first one, they effectively choose more risk with the same return. investors on average prefer positively skewed payoffs even if risk, measured as volatility, and return are the same.
Investors on average prefer negatively skewed payoffs even if risk, measured as volatility, and return are the same this statement is not true. Option D is correct.
Investors, on average, prefer positively skewed payoffs even if risk, measured as volatility, and return are the same. Positively skewed payoffs refer to investments that have a higher probability of small gains and a lower probability of large losses. This preference can be attributed to the phenomenon of risk aversion, where individuals are more averse to losses than they are attracted to gains.
Investors tend to exhibit a preference for positively skewed payoffs, even when risk and return are held constant. This preference can be attributed to several factors. Firstly, individuals often experience risk aversion, which means they are more sensitive to potential losses than to gains. Option D is correct.
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The complete question is:
Which of the following is NOT true?
A. Investors on average prefer positively skewed payoffs even if risk, measured as volatility, and return are the same.
B. Regret avoidance means Individuals who make decisions that turn out badly have more regret when that decision was more unconventional
C. Investors tend to over value small probability event that has large payoff. For example, people may choose 1 million dollars with 1/1000 chance of getting it over the choice of $1000 with a sure chance. If investors choose the first one, they effectively choose more risk with the same return.
D. Investors on average prefer negatively skewed payoffs even if risk, measured as volatility, and return are the same.
5. A man walks exactly 10 times around a quarter-mile track. What is his displacement? 6. Due to restrictions in your municipality, you are not allowed to park your vehicle near the market. All vehicles should be park at a certain parking lot. At a parking spot where you leave your vehicle, it takes you to walk 10 mins at the rate of 30 m/min due east on Croco Street to go to the grocery store. After shopping, you go back to the parking spot by traveling west on Croco Street. a. What is your distance traveled? b. What is your displacement?
1. The displacement in this scenario is zero.
2. The distance traveled is 300 meters and the displacement in this scenario too will be zero because initial and ending point coincide.
1. The man walks 10 times around a quarter-mile track, which means he walks a distance of 10 x 0.25 = 2.5 miles. However, his displacement is zero because he returns to his original position after completing the 10 rounds. Therefore, the displacement of the man is zero.
2. a) The time taken to walk the 10 mins is given, t = 10 minsThe rate at which the person walks = 30 m/minThus, Distance traveled = Rate × time taken= 30 m/min × 10 min= 300 meters
b) Displacement = distance between the starting and ending points of the walk.If the person starts at point A (parking spot) and walks 300 m towards east on Croco Street to reach the grocery store, then he will have to walk 300 m towards the west to get back to his starting point A.
The displacement of the person = 0 m (since the starting point and ending point are the same).
Therefore, the displacement of the person is 0 m.
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35. Suppose you take out a loan for $450,000 to be repaid in monthly installments over 30 years. The loan carries a 9.25% interest rate. The loan charges a 1% origination fee and 4 discount points. Co
We have to calculate the monthly payment on a loan of $450,000 at 9.25% annual interest rate with a term of 30 years, 1% origination fee, and 4 discount points.
We can use the formula for the payment on a loan as shown below:
PMT = PV x r(1+r)^n/ [(1+r)^n - 1],
Where, PMT is the monthly payment PV is the present value of the loan r is the interest rate per month, which is 9.25%/12 months = 0.00770833n is the number of payments, which is 30 years * 12 months/year = 360 months.
To calculate PV, we need to consider origination fees and discount points.
Origination fee = 1% of $450,000 = $4500Discount points = 4% of $450,000 = $18,000
Total amount financed = $450,000 + $4,500 + $18,000 = $472,500.
Now, we can substitute the values in the formula and calculate the monthly payment:
PMT = $472,500 x 0.00770833(1+0.00770833)^360 / [(1+0.00770833)^360 - 1]= $3,747.09.
Therefore, the monthly payment on the loan is $3,747.09.
The loan of $450,000 will be repaid in monthly installments over 30 years at 9.25% interest rate. The loan also carries an origination fee of 1% and 4 discount points.
To calculate the monthly payment on this loan, we use the formula for the payment on a loan.
PMT = PV x r(1+r)^n/ [(1+r)^n - 1],
Where, PMT is the monthly payment PV is the present value of the loan r is the interest rate per month n is the number of payments.
In this case, we calculate the monthly payment as follows:
PV = $450,000 + 1% of $450,000 + 4% of $450,000 = $472,500r = 9.25%/12 = 0.00770833n = 30 years * 12 months/year = 360 months
Now we can substitute these values in the formula:
PMT = $472,500 x 0.00770833(1+0.00770833)^360 / [(1+0.00770833)^360 - 1]= $3,747.09
Therefore, the monthly payment on the loan is $3,747.09.
Therefore, the monthly payment on the loan of $450,000 to be repaid in monthly installments over 30 years at 9.25% interest rate is $3,747.09. The loan also carries an origination fee of 1% and 4 discount points. The total amount financed after including the origination fee and discount points is $472,500.
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What global entry strategy options do firms have? How should they choose between different options when internationalising their businesses? Discuss the potential managerial challenges
When firms internationalize their businesses, there are several global entry strategies available to them. These strategies differ in terms of the extent of control and risk they are willing to assume.
Some of the strategies are as follows:
1. Exporting Exporting is the simplest entry mode, in which a firm sells its products or services in foreign markets without having to establish a physical presence in that market. The company may use an intermediary or its own sales force to market and distribute the goods.
2. Licensing Licensing entails granting another firm the right to use the licensor's proprietary technology, production process, trademark, or patent in exchange for a licensing fee. This enables the company to enter a new market with limited investment and risk while still retaining ownership of the intellectual property rights.
3. Franchising In franchising, the company grants a franchisee the right to use its brand name, operating system, and marketing strategy in exchange for a fee and a percentage of the revenue generated.
4. Joint Ventures Joint ventures are formed when two or more firms collaborate to achieve a specific business objective. They share ownership, management, and profits and losses.
5. Wholly-Owned Subsidiaries Wholly-owned subsidiaries refer to a company that owns 100% of its foreign operations. It is the most risky and costly strategy because it requires a large investment to set up operations in a foreign country.
When deciding on a global entry strategy, firms should consider several factors, including the level of control and risk they are willing to assume, the costs of the strategy, the level of investment required, and the market's characteristics. Firms should also take into account the legal, cultural, and economic barriers that may exist in the foreign market and the potential impact of these barriers on the company's operations.In terms of managerial challenges, firms may face cultural and communication differences, difficulties in obtaining financing, legal and regulatory challenges, and supply chain management issues. They may also have to deal with political instability and economic uncertainty. It is critical for firms to conduct a thorough analysis of the potential risks and rewards of each global entry strategy before deciding on the most appropriate one for their business.
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please calculate greene sales sustainable and actual growth rates from 2021 through 2026. note that actual rates are based on a flat growth rate assumption during this period.
We cannot determine the exact values of Sustainable Growth Rate or Actual Growth Rate without knowing Retention Rate and Return on Equity.
To calculate Greene Sales sustainable and actual growth rates from 2021 through 2026, we will use the following formula: Actual Growth Rate = Flat Growth Rate x Sustainable Growth Rate.
The sustainable growth rate is calculated as follows: Sustainable Growth Rate = (Retention Rate x Return on Equity) / (1 - Retention Rate), Where Retention Rate is the proportion of net income that is retained in the business and Return on Equity is the return on the investment made by the shareholders. To calculate the sustainable growth rate for Greene Sales, we need to know the values of Retention Rate and Return on Equity. However, since these values are not provided in the question, we cannot calculate the sustainable growth rate. Therefore, we cannot calculate the actual growth rate either. However, if we assume that the flat growth rate is 5%, then the actual growth rate for each year from 2021 through 2026 will be: Actual Growth Rate = 5% x Sustainable Growth Rate. We cannot determine the exact values of Sustainable Growth Rate or Actual Growth Rate without knowing Retention Rate and Return on Equity.
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explain uber's business model and deduce its strategic intent.
Uber's business model revolves around connecting riders and drivers through a mobile app, enabling on-demand transportation services.
The company acts as an intermediary, taking a commission from each ride fare. Uber's strategic intent is to disrupt the traditional taxi industry by leveraging technology, creating a more convenient and efficient transportation solution. It aims to capitalize on the sharing economy and global scalability, expanding its services worldwide while continuously innovating to improve user experience and maintain a competitive edge.
Uber's business model is centered on the concept of a two-sided marketplace, where it connects riders and drivers through its platform. The company utilizes a mobile app to enable users to request rides, which are fulfilled by independent drivers. Uber charges a commission from each ride fare, acting as a facilitator and payment processor. This model allows for a flexible and convenient transportation solution, leveraging technology to match supply and demand efficiently.
Uber's strategic intent can be deduced from its disruptive nature and market expansion efforts. The company aims to challenge the traditional taxi industry by offering an alternative service that provides greater accessibility, convenience, and affordability. Uber seeks to capitalize on the sharing economy, utilizing underutilized resources (i.e., private vehicles and spare time of drivers) to meet transportation needs. By continuously innovating and investing in technology, Uber intends to enhance user experience, improve efficiency, and stay ahead of its competitors. Additionally, its global scalability strategy enables it to expand its services worldwide, targeting new markets and establishing a dominant presence in the transportation industry.
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We have observed the following annual return data on large company stocks (S&P500 index) for the past five years: Year Annual Return
2017 21.83% 2018 -4-38% 2019 31.49%
2020 18.40% 2021 28.71% Calculate the average return and standard deviation of stock returns for the 2017-2021 sample period.
The average return as 19.61% and the standard deviation of stock returns for the 2017-2021 sample period.
To calculate the average return and standard deviation of stock returns for the 2017-2021 sample period, we can use the following steps:
Step 1: Calculate the average return:
Average Return = (Return1 + Return2 + Return3 + Return4 + Return5) / Number of Years
Given:
Return1 = 21.83%
Return2 = -4.38%
Return3 = 31.49%
Return4 = 18.40%
Return5 = 28.71%
Number of Years = 5
Average Return = (21.83% - 4.38% + 31.49% + 18.40% + 28.71%) / 5
Average Return = 19.61%
The average return for the 2017-2021 sample period is 19.61%.
Step 2: Calculate the standard deviation of returns:
To calculate the standard deviation, we need to find the deviation of each return from the average return, square the deviations, find the average of squared deviations, and take the square root of the average.
Deviation1 = Return1 - Average Return
Deviation2 = Return2 - Average Return
Deviation3 = Return3 - Average Return
Deviation4 = Return4 - Average Return
Deviation5 = Return5 - Average Return
Squared Deviation1 = Deviation²
Squared Deviation2 = Deviation2²
Squared Deviation3 = Deviation3²
Squared Deviation4 = Deviation4²
Squared Deviation5 = Deviation5²
Average of Squared Deviations = (Squared Deviation1 + Squared Deviation2 + Squared Deviation3 + Squared Deviation4 + Squared Deviation5) / Number of Years
Standard Deviation = √(Average of Squared Deviations)
Calculating the squared deviations and average of squared deviations:
Squared Deviation1 = (21.83% - 19.61%)²
Squared Deviation2 = (-4.38% - 19.61%)²
Squared Deviation3 = (31.49% - 19.61%)²
Squared Deviation4 = (18.40% - 19.61%)²
Squared Deviation5 = (28.71% - 19.61%)²
Average of Squared Deviations = (Squared Deviation1 + Squared Deviation2 + Squared Deviation3 + Squared Deviation4 + Squared Deviation5) / 5
the average return as 19.61% and the standard deviation of stock returns for the 2017-2021 sample period.
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Actually, I'm not a native speaker, please do not write in
cursive.
Thanks.
4. In a study of population density set as a function of distance from the city center, Maddala obtained the following regression analysis results using data from 39 census districts in Baltimore, USA
Main Answer:Maddala conducted a study of population density, with distance from the city center as the independent variable. He used data from 39 census districts in Baltimore, USA, and obtained regression analysis results, the regression line would have provided an estimate of the expected population density for each unit increase in distance from the city center
Explanation:Regression analysis is used to determine the relationship between an independent variable and a dependent variable. In Maddala's study, the independent variable was the distance from the city center, and the dependent variable was population density.
The results of Maddala's regression analysis would have provided information on the strength and direction of the relationship between distance from the city center and population density. Specifically, the regression line would have provided an estimate of the expected population density for each unit increase in distance from the city center, and the slope of the regression line would have indicated the strength and direction of the relationship between the two variables.
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A Company Purchases A Piece Of New Equipment. Explain The Impact Of The Purchase On The Income Statement, Balance Sheet, And Statement Of Cash Flows.
The impact of the purchase on Income statement:
The income statement is the financial statement that shows a company's revenues, expenses, and profits or losses over a given period. If a company purchases a piece of new equipment, it will increase its expenses. These expenses are likely to be categorized as depreciation, which represents the decrease in the value of an asset over time. This decrease in value reduces the company's profits and, thus, lowers its net income.
The impact of purchase on Balance sheet:
The balance sheet is the financial statement that shows a company's assets, liabilities, and equity at a specific point in time. When a company purchases new equipment, it increases its assets and its liabilities. The asset account is increased because the new equipment is a tangible asset that will generate future economic benefits. The liability account is increased because the company probably borrowed money to pay for the new equipment. If the company paid for the equipment in cash, then there would be no increase in liabilities.
The impact of purchase on Statement of cash flows:
The statement of cash flows is the financial statement that shows a company's cash inflows and outflows over a given period. When a company purchases new equipment, it decreases its cash balance, which is a cash outflow. This outflow is categorized as an investing activity because it involves the purchase of a long-term asset. The purchase of the new equipment also affects the cash flows from operating activities because it increases the amount of depreciation expense, which is added back to net income to calculate cash flow from operating activities.
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Wilbur has preferences over slop, s, and water, w, that can be described by the utility function U (s, w) = s¹/⁴ w³/⁴. Use slop as the x-axis product and water as the y-axis product. a) Derive Wilbur's marginal rate of substitution (which should be a function of both s and w). Is the MRS diminishing? b) For each of the following consumption bundles, evaluate Wilbur's marginal rate of substitution. That is, how many cups of water would he be willing to give up for one more pound of slop? (s, w) = (6, 20) (s, w) = (120, 2) (s, w) = (2,6) c) If Wilbur has $4 to spend, slops costs $1, and water costs $0.1, what is Wilbur's optimal con- sumption bundle? What is his marginal rate of substitution at this bundle?
Wilbur's marginal rate of substitution (MRS) is the rate at which he is willing to substitute one good for another while keeping the utility constant.
The MRS can be calculated by taking the ratio of the partial derivatives of the utility function with respect to each good, i.e., MRS = ∂s/∂w = MUw/MUs. Here, MUw is the marginal utility of water and MUs is the marginal utility of slop. MRS = MUw/MUs = (3/4)w^(-1/4)s^(1/4) Since s and w are both assumed to be normal goods, MRS is diminishing, meaning that as Wilbur consumes more slop, he is willing to give up less and less water to maintain the same level of utility.
For (s, w) = (6, 20), MRS = (3/4)(20)^(-1/4)(6)^(1/4) ≈ 1.59. This means that Wilbur is willing to give up 1.59 cups of water for one more pound of slop. For (s, w) = (120, 2), MRS = (3/4)(2)^(-1/4)(120)^(1/4) ≈ 0.41. This means that Wilbur is willing to give up 0.41 cups of water for one more pound of slop. For (s, w) = (2,6), MRS = (3/4)(6)^(-1/4)(2)^(1/4) ≈ 3.16. This means that Wilbur is willing to give up 3.16 cups of water for one more pound of slop.
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What foundational beliefs inform one’s moral compass? (Select all that apply.)
philosophical
religious
analytical
environmental
Philosophical and religious beliefs inform one's moral compass.
The foundational beliefs that inform one's moral compass can vary among individuals and are influenced by a combination of factors. Among these factors, philosophical and religious perspectives are commonly recognized as significant contributors to shaping moral values.
Philosophical beliefs play a crucial role in shaping moral compasses. Different philosophical frameworks, such as utilitarianism, deontology, virtue ethics, and existentialism, offer distinct perspectives on what is morally right or wrong, good or bad. These philosophical perspectives provide individuals with frameworks for evaluating moral dilemmas and making ethical decisions based on rationality, logic, and principles.
Religious beliefs also strongly influence moral compasses for many individuals. Religious teachings and scriptures often provide specific moral guidelines, ethical codes, and commandments that followers are expected to abide by. Religious moral compasses are informed by divine commandments, moral principles derived from religious texts, and the belief in the existence of a higher power.
Analytical thinking, while not a foundational belief itself, can contribute to the development and refinement of one's moral compass. Analytical skills allow individuals to critically evaluate moral issues, consider different perspectives, weigh consequences, and make informed moral judgments based on reason and evidence.
Environmental beliefs, while important in guiding actions related to ecological responsibility, do not directly inform one's moral compass. Environmental beliefs pertain more specifically to attitudes and behaviors related to the environment and sustainability, and while they can influence ethical decision-making in certain contexts, they are not foundational beliefs that inform one's overall moral compass.
In summary, philosophical and religious beliefs are foundational in shaping one's moral compass, while analytical thinking aids in moral reasoning and decision-making. Environmental beliefs, though significant in their own right, are not typically considered foundational beliefs that directly inform one's moral compass.
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Assume that a company maintains no beginning or ending inventories and produces and sells 4,000 units of only one product for a price of $130 per unit. The company's variable manufacturing costs per unit are $80 and its fixed manufacturing overhead per unit is $24. Its variable selling and administrative expense is $12 per unit and its fixed selling and administrative expense is $50,000. What is the company's net operating income under absorption costing? Multiple Choice $4,000 O $6,000 $10,000 O $20,000
The steps to calculate the company's net operating income under absorption costing: Calculate the total sales revenue: $130/unit * 4,000 units = $520,000
Calculate the total variable manufacturing costs: $80/unit * 4,000 units = $320,000
Calculate the total fixed manufacturing overhead costs: $24/unit * 4,000 units = $96,000
Calculate the total variable selling and administrative expenses: $12/unit * 4,000 units = $48,000
Calculate the total fixed selling and administrative expenses: $50,000.Add the total variable manufacturing costs, fixed manufacturing overhead costs, variable selling, and administrative expenses, and fixed selling and administrative expenses to calculate the total product costs: $320,000 + $96,000 + $48,000 + $50,000 = $514,000
Subtract the total product costs from the total sales revenue to calculate the net operating income: $520,000 - $514,000 = $6,000.The company's net operating income under absorption costing is $6,000. This is calculated by subtracting the total product costs from the total sales revenue.
Absorption costing is a costing method that includes all manufacturing costs, both fixed and variable, in the cost of a product. This means that all manufacturing costs, including fixed manufacturing overhead costs, are allocated to the product and are included in the cost of goods sold. When a product is sold, the fixed manufacturing overhead costs are then expensed.
In this case, the company's total product costs are $514,000. This includes the variable manufacturing costs of $320,000, the fixed manufacturing overhead costs of $96,000, and the variable selling and administrative expenses of $48,000. The company's total sales revenue is $520,000. When the total product costs are subtracted from the total sales revenue, the company's net operating income is $6,000.
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Helander obtained a government licence to operate a mine from 1 January 2021. The licence requires that, at the end of the mine's useful life, all buildings must be removed from the site and the site landscaped. Helander estimates that the cost of this decommissioning work will be £500,000 in ten years' time (present value at 1 January 2021 = £254,000) using a discount factor of 7%. According to IAS 37 Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets how much should Helander include in provisions in its statement of financial position as at 31 December 2021?
£500,000 £254,000 £535,000 £271,780
Helander should include £271,780 in provisions in its statement of financial position as at 31 December 2021.
Helander should include £271,780 in provisions in its statement of financial position as at 31 December 2021 according to IAS 37 Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets.
IAS 37 Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets states that a provision is a liability of uncertain timing or amount. To measure provisions, the entity is required to estimate the amount needed to settle the obligation. If there is a range of estimates, the entity should use the best estimate of the amount required.
In this question, Helander obtained a government licence to operate a mine, which requires decommissioning work to be carried out at the end of the mine's useful life.
The cost of this decommissioning work is estimated to be £500,000 in ten years' time (present value at 1 January 2021 = £254,000) using a discount factor of 7%.
As at 31 December 2021, the estimated cost is £271,780 (calculated as £254,000 x (1 + 7%)¹).
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There are suggestions that public sector accountability issues are so peculiar that public sector auditing should be the subject of a different regulatory framework. a. Do you agree with this assertion? Justify your answer and, in the process, highlight the differences, if any, that make public sector auditing and assurance peculiar. b. Summaries the different regulation(s) you will propose to enhance the relevance of public sector auditing.
Please answer should be 5 pages single spacing (3000 words)
Public sector auditing and assurance have some peculiarities that make them different from private sector auditing. One of these peculiarities is the fact that public sector entities have broader objectives and goals compared to private entities.
In addition, public sector entities are also accountable to the public, which means that their accountability issues are different from those of private entities. Some argue that the principles of auditing and assurance are the same regardless of the sector being audited. On the other hand, others believe that public sector auditing requires a different approach because of the peculiarities mentioned above.
One way to enhance the relevance of public sector auditing is through the adoption of the International Standards of Supreme Audit Institutions (ISSAI). Another way to enhance the relevance of public sector auditing is through the use of technology. The use of technology can help auditors to perform their work more efficiently and effectively.
While some argue that these peculiarities require a different regulatory framework, others believe that the principles of auditing and assurance are the same regardless of the sector being audited. Enhancing the relevance of public sector auditing requires greater collaboration between public sector entities and auditors and the adoption of appropriate standards and technology.
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During the current year, merchandise is sold for $795,000. The cost of the merchandise sold is $477,000. a. What is the amount of the gross profit? b. Compute the gross profit percentage (gross profit divided by sales). c. Will the income statement necessarily report a net income? Explain.
it is not possible to determine whether the income statement will necessarily report a net income.
a. The amount of gross profit can be calculated by subtracting the cost of merchandise sold from the sales revenue. In this case, the gross profit is $795,000 - $477,000 = $318,000.
b. The gross profit percentage is calculated by dividing the gross profit by the sales revenue and multiplying by 100 to express it as a percentage. In this case, the gross profit percentage is ($318,000 / $795,000) * 100 = 40%.
c. Whether the income statement will report a net income depends on the presence of other expenses and revenues. The income statement includes various operating expenses, such as salaries, rent, utilities, and taxes, which need to be subtracted from the gross profit to determine the net income. If the total expenses, including cost of merchandise sold and other operating expenses, are less than the sales revenue, then a net income will be reported.
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Use the same information as before. If the methods are mutually exclusive, determine which one method should be selected. State your answers for IRR with a precision of two decimal points (example 7.58%) METHODS METHODD METHODD-C (CASH FLOW (CASH FLOW) (CASH FLOW 0 -41,000 0 -53,000 1 8,000 2 8.000 38.000 4 8,000 5. 8,000 6 8.000 7 8.000 1 2 3 4 5 10,500 10.500 10.500 10,500 10.500 10.500 10.500 $2.500 $2.500 $2.500 $2.500 $2.500 $2.500 $2.500 $4.000 6 7 8 8.500 8 8 IRR =
It is clear that METHODD-C should be selected over METHODD since it has a higher IRR. This suggests that this method would provide a higher return on investment.
IRR can be calculated using Excel. In order to find out which method should be used, you must first compute IRR for both methods. For the given cash flows, the internal rate of return (IRR) can be computed using Excel.The calculation of IRR for METHODD is shown below:
Calculation of IRR for METHODD = 10.99%
The calculation of IRR for METHODD-C is shown below:
Calculation of IRR for METHODD-C = 15.14%
Thus, it is clear that METHODD-C should be selected over METHODD since it has a higher IRR. This suggests that this method would provide a higher return on investment.
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The projected cash flows from a project costing $180,000 today
are as follows:
years 1-3 $0
years 4-9
$40,000 per year
year 10 $70,000 per year
If the required
The projected cash flows from the project costing $180,000 today are as follows: $0 for the first three years, $40,000 per year for years four to nine, and $70,000 per year for year ten.
How are the cash flows distributed over the ten-year period for a project that costs $180,000 initially?The projected cash flows for the project can be broken down as follows: in the first three years, there will be no cash inflow, resulting in $0. From years four to nine, the cash flow will be $40,000 per year, and in year ten, it will increase to $70,000 per year. These cash flows reflect the expected returns from the project, with the initial investment of $180,000 being recovered over time.
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Consider the market for fast food workers. Draw the labor-demand curve and labor-supply curve for this market. Supose the equilibrium wage is $8. Indicate the equilibrium quantify of labor (Lg) and th
The market for fast food workers can be evaluated through the labor demand and labor supply curves. When both of these curves intersect, an equilibrium wage and quantity of labor are established. It has been indicated that the equilibrium wage is $8, and we have to calculate the equilibrium quantity of labor .
This curve represents the number of workers in the market and their willingness to work at a given wage rate. An increase in the wage rate leads to an increase in the number of workers willing to work and vice versa. The curve slopes upwards. Labor Demand Curve: This curve represents the number of workers demanded by the fast food companies at a given wage rate. A higher wage rate leads to a lower demand for workers, and a lower wage rate leads to a higher demand for workers.
The curve slopes downwards. Equilibrium: The intersection point of the labor demand and supply curves is the equilibrium point. It represents the point at which the number of workers supplied by the market equals the number of workers demanded by the companies. The equilibrium quantity of labor will be the quantity at which the labor demand and supply curves intersect. In this case, it is indicated that the equilibrium wage is $8, so we need to find the quantity of labor at this point.
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Which type of content refers to content that is simply repurposed from other sources?
a. pillar content
b. golden triangle content
c. filler content
d. pillsbury content
The type of content that refers to content that is simply repurposed from other sources is referred to as curation.
Curation refers to content that is simply repurposed from other sources. It is the process of gathering information relevant to a particular topic or area of interest from various sources, and then presenting it in a coherent and organized way. The goal of curation is to provide valuable and relevant information to a target audience, without having to create all the content from scratch. Curation can include anything from news articles, blog posts, videos, infographics, and other types of content. Curation has become an increasingly popular way for businesses and individuals to establish themselves as thought leaders in their respective fields, by providing valuable insights and information to their audience.
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discuss the impact Russia and Ukraine war on international
political economy?
The conflict between Russia and Ukraine has had a significant impact on the international political economy, disrupting trade relations, causing political instability, and highlighting the need for greater energy security in Europe.
The war between Russia and Ukraine has had a significant impact on the international political economy. The conflict began in 2014, and since then, there have been a series of economic sanctions and retaliatory measures by both countries and the international community. The war has also disrupted trade relations and caused significant political instability in the region, with ramifications that extend beyond the borders of Russia and Ukraine.One significant impact of the conflict is on energy security in Europe.
Russia is a major supplier of natural gas to the region, and the conflict has disrupted the flow of gas to some countries. The dispute has highlighted the need for Europe to reduce its dependence on Russian energy and diversify its sources of supply.
As a result, the EU has made efforts to increase energy security, investing in renewable energy and exploring new sources of gas from countries like Azerbaijan and Turkmenistan.
However, this transition has been slow, and Europe continues to rely on Russian gas for a significant portion of its energy needs. Another impact of the conflict has been on international trade.
The war has led to the imposition of economic sanctions by Western countries on Russia, which have affected Russian businesses and individuals. In retaliation, Russia has imposed its sanctions on European countries, causing significant economic damage.
The sanctions have also disrupted trade relations between Russia and Ukraine, with both countries imposing tariffs and other barriers on each other's goods and services. This has had a negative impact on businesses in both countries and has led to a decline in economic activity.
Overall, the conflict between Russia and Ukraine has had a significant impact on the international political economy, disrupting trade relations, causing political instability, and highlighting the need for greater energy security in Europe.
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What condition(s) is(are) required to have an existing firm making zero profits in the long run equilibrium? O A. Identical products OB. Free entry and exit OC. Identical products as well as free entry and exit
The condition that is required to have an existing firm making zero profits in the long run equilibrium is B. Free entry and exit.
How can this condition be analysed?Same amount of money can be made by a firm if its resources were put to use in the next best option if economic profit was zero however Businesses are motivated to leave the market if the economic profit is negative since it would be more advantageous to employ their resources elsewhere.
Economists use the phrase "free entry" to refer to a situation in which producers can freely enter the market for an economic good by starting production and selling the commodity.
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The conditions which are required to have an existing firm making zero profits in the long run equilibrium is Free entry and exit which is Perfect Competition Option B
What is a Perfect CompetitionA Perfect Competition is a theoretical market structure that indicates how supply and demand affects price the competitive market
In a perfectly competitive market in long-run equilibrium, an increase in demand gives rise to ( a positive economics profits )economic profit that is the difference in profit and the cost of production in the short run and is indicate in the account in the long run that is it the free entry , also a a fall in demand indicates economic losses (negative economic profits) in the short run and which make some companies to exit in producing such product in the long run.
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In the conceptual framework for financial reporting, what provides "the how"-the implementation of accounting? OA Objective of financial reporting. OB. Recognition, measurement, and disclosure concepts such as assumptions, principles, and constraints. OC Elements of financial statements. OD. Qualitative characteristics of accounting information.
In the conceptual framework for financial reporting, recognition, measurement, and disclosure concepts such as assumptions, principles, and constraints provide "the how"—the implementation of accounting.
Conceptual framework for financial reporting The conceptual framework for financial reporting is a structure that underpins financial accounting and reporting standards. It provides a set of fundamental principles that guide the development of financial reporting standards. These principles also help to ensure that financial reporting is reliable, consistent, and comparable across entities.
The framework comprises the following elements:
1. Objective of financial reporting
2. Qualitative characteristics of accounting information
3. Elements of financial statements
4. Recognition, measurement, and disclosure concepts such as assumptions, principles, and constraints
Among these elements, recognition, measurement, and disclosure concepts such as assumptions, principles, and constraints provide "the how"—the implementation of accounting. They provide guidance on how transactions and events should be recognized, measured, and disclosed in financial statements.
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