the enzymes that catalyze cellular reactions are macromolecules made of organic compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen. these types of macromolecules are known as – proteins
What do you call the macromolecules that catalyse processes in a cell?Proteins called enzymes operate as catalysts for biological processes by assisting the molecular rearrangements necessary for cellular activity. Recall that during chemical reactions, substrates are transformed into products, frequently by the addition or removal of chemical groups from the substrates.
Key macromolecules in the maintenance of life are nucleic acids. They include instructions for a cell's proper operation as well as the genetic code for that cell. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid are the two primary forms of nucleic acids (RNA).
a group of enzymes that catalyse the breakdown of the pyrophosphate bond in ATP or another comparable energy source, as well as the creation of a bond between two substrate molecules.
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the myelin sheath along an axon is not continuous. what are the gaps between schwann cells called?
The gaps or spaces in-between Schwann cells are referred to as nodes of Ranvier.
The nodes of Ranvier are a term used to describe each space between internodes in the myelin sheath. Positive sodium ions are prevalent in the nodes of Ranvier. The electrical signal or impulse bounces between nodes as it moves through the axon. The sodium ions refresh the electrical signal as it crosses the gap, allowing it to continue traveling without losing its charge or weakening in signal power.
Electrical transmission on nerve cells is delayed or halted when the myelin sheath is compromised. When the immune cells in your body mistake myelin for a foreign material, myelin might suffer harm. Your symptoms are based on where the myelin is damaged. Demyelination is the term for the loss of the myelin sheath.
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The myelin sheath along an axon is not continuous. Between Schwann cells are gaps called:
A. Collaterals
B. Axon hillocks
C. Nodes of Ranvier
D. Axon terminals
Hi!
What are the pros and cons of mitochondria keeping DNA in both the nucleus and in the cell itself?
This one is confusing. Thx!
There are so many pros and cons of mitochondria keeping DNA in both the nucleus and in the cell itself.
What is DNA?Deoxyribonucleic acid is the polymer composed of two by polynucleotide chains and that id coil around to each other to form a double by helix. The polymer and carries genetic instructions for the development, functioning, growth and reproduction of all known by organisms and many viruses. DNA and ribonucleic acid are nucleic acids.
Keeping those genes locally and internationally recognized in the mitochondria gives the cell a way to individually and as a control mitochondria," Johnston says, because pivotal proteins are created by the way in the mitochondria themselves.
Whereas the disadvantage of the is
The major disadvantage of the using mtDNA is the lower discrimination power by the compared to multiple nuclear DNA markers. In contrast to the nuclear of the genome, due to the uniparental (maternal) mode of inheritance, no individual has unique mtDNA
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what types of calculations can you do regardless of whether or not a question tells you that the population is in hwe for a given gene?
Regardless of whether we are in a situation subject to the population being in HWE or not, the genotype frequencies can be used to calculate the allele frequencies.
What is The Hardy-Weinberg Equation (HWE)?The Hardy-Weinberg equation states that the frequency at which a specific genotype occurs can be expressed as a ratio of the genotype in question to the total number of alleles in the population.
Algebraically, the equation is expressed as:
p² + 2pq + q² =1
The terms of this equation are defined as follows:
p = the frequency of the dominant allele in a population
q = the frequency of the recessive allele in a population
2pq = the frequency of the heterozygous dominant genotype
p² = the frequency of homozygous dominant genotype
q² = the frequency of homozygous recessive genotype
Because the set of all alleles in the population is made up of one part dominant alleles and one part recessive alleles, the sum of p and q will always equal 1.
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Human blood types are, in part, determined by the abo system. The allele frequency for blood type ia is 0. 3, and ib is 0. 1. What is the frequency of b-type individuals in a population?.
The test to determine your blood group is called ABO typing. Your blood sample is mixed with antibodies to type A and B blood. The sample is then checked to see if the blood cells stick together.
If the cells stick together, it means that the blood reacted with one of the antibodies. For example, the ABO blood group system has three alleles that affect the expression of antigens on the surface of red blood cells A, B, and O alleles. Both the A and B alleles are expressed in individuals with the AB blood type. The A and B alleles are considered codominant with each other. Human ABO blood groups are determined by a single gene with 3 alleles: A, B, and O. In a sample of 300 individuals, 100 are A blood type and AA genotype, 100 are B blood type and BO genotype, and 100 they are blood type O and genotype OO. People who have the A antigen would not normally produce the anti-A antibody.
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true or false food chains are the best way to model the many feeding relationships in nature explain
Where would you expect to see the ligand binding site of a neurotransmitter-gated ion channel protein?.
Transmembrane ion channels known as ligand-gated ion channels open or shut (controlled passage) in response to the interaction of a chemical signalling agent such as a ligand.
An essential family of plasma membrane proteins known as ligand gated ion channels (LGIC) mediates cell-cell communication and cellular excitability. The electrically excitable cells like neurons are a fairly typical location to discover ligand-gated ion channels.
Ligand-gated ion channels (LGICs) are membrane proteins that are structurally integral and feature a pore that permits the controlled passage of certain ions across the plasma membrane. The electrochemical gradient for the permeant ions drives the passive ion flow.
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Yesterday i saw thousands and thousands of frog egg in the pond. The frogs _ of their offspring is incredible !
A. biology
B. genetic variation
C. organism
D. population
E. species
F. environment
G. offspring
H. overproduction
i. reproduction
The frogs genetic variation of their offspring is incredible.
Life cycle of frogs:The process begins when adult frogs deposit hundreds of small eggs, known as frogspawn, that collect together in clusters. Early in the spring, as the temperature is just beginning to warm up, this occurs.
Tadpoles won't move around much for the first week or two after hatching since they are still taking nutrition from the yolk of their egg. But once the yolk is completely consumed, the tadpoles are large and robust enough to enter their aquatic environment.
Frogs and toads depend on water significantly less as adults. They can live on land as long as they stay in the shade and don't dry up, but they frequently go back to ponds and lakes for a splash.
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8. Mr. Krabbs and his wife recently had a Lil' a Krabby, but it has not been a happy occasion for them. Mrs.
Krabbs has been upset since she first saw her new baby who had short eyeballs.
She claims that the hospital
goofed and mixed up her baby with someone else's baby. Mr. Krabbs is homozygous for his tall eyeballs, while
his wife is heterozygous for her tall eyeballs. Some members of her family have short eyes, which is the
recessive trait.
Create a Punnett square using T for the dominant gene and t for the recessive one.
A. List the possible genotypes and phenotypes for their children.
B. Did the hospital make a mistake? Explain your answer
(1) TT- 2 Tt-2 Tt-0 (2) Yes, as demonstrated by the Punnett Square, which indicates that it is impossible for them to conceive a baby with the short eyes trait. The shortened eyes trait (tt) is recessive.
What exactly is a Punnett square?
Predicting the changes and probabilities that can result from cross breeding is made easier with the use of a Punnett Square. This includes foreseeing the mating of different kinds of plants, animals, and even people. A Punnett square illustration for pea plants. Here, the flower colour gene is heterozygous for both parents (Pp).
Homozygous recessive (pp), homozygous dominant (PP), and heterozygous genotypes are the many varieties of genotypes (Pp).
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What color is rare in nature as a pigment, most often occurring as a structural color?
Blue is extremely uncommon in nature, though. Blue flowers only appear on fewer than one in ten plants, and blue creatures are far rarer.
How come then?
As a result, both plants and animals must use optical illusions to appear blue. This is partly because there isn't really a true blue pigment or colour in nature. In the lapis lazuli substance, which is mostly mined in Afghanistan and gives the uncommon blue hue ultramarine, trisulfide ions are present, which are three sulphur atoms bound together inside a crystal lattice. One electron can be bound or released by these ions.
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Think about the organisms in your neighborhood. What are neighbors referring to when they talk about the dog population or the squirrel population? what do you think a population is based on?.
Population is based on the total number of individuals of a particular species living in a place.
Population What our neighbors refer to when talking about the dog or squirrel population in a town indirectly refers to the total number of dogs or squirrels in the town. There is a herd, and a species refers to a collection of organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring. Dogs can only mate with dogs and squirrels with squirrels, so each forms its own population within the community. The population is likely to be increasing. Grey squirrels are the widely distributed throughout the England and the Wales and are edging their way into the Scotland and the Northern Ireland.
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nvestigations were carried out in a science lab to explore the topic of chemical and physical changes.
Investigation A
Step 1. Add 5 tsp. salt to 100 ml warm water and stir until most or all of the salt is no longer visible.
Step 2. Heat the salt solution on a burner until only a white solid remains.
Investigation B
Step 1. Mix 10 tsp. white sugar into 100 ml water and stir until most or all of the sugar is no longer visible.
Step 2. Heat the sugar solution on a burner until the solution thickens and turns brown.
In which step(s) did a chemical change most likely occur?
Investigation A, Step 1 and Investigation B, Step 1
Investigation A, Step 2 and Investigation B, Step 2
Investigation A, Step 2 only
Investigation B, Step 2 only
In Investigation B, Step 2 only a chemical change has occurred. Caramelization, which is a chemical change, takes place when the sugar solution is heated on a burner until the solution thickens and turns brown. All the other steps are physical changes.
How to decide whether an alteration is chemical or physical?Physical changes involve a change in the substance's shape or appearance but not its composition. In contrast, a chemical shift alters the nature of the matter and results in the formation of at least one new substance with novel features.
Why caramelization is a chemical change?A non-enzymatic browning reaction is known as caramelization. The process results in the release of volatile molecules that give caramel its distinctive flavor. Both the breakdown of the sugar and the elimination of water (as steam) are components of the reaction. The type of sugar affects the caramelization reaction.
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Acid rain throughout the northeast United States has lowered the pH of many ponds and lakes. The lowered pH will eventually result in the death of many aquatic animals. Compare the map of the U.S. with the pH tolerance range for the organisms listed. Based on the tolerances seen here, which aquatic organisms are least likely to survive in the northeastern states? Responses A Only the clam will survive.Only the clam will survive. B All of the aquatic organisms will die.All of the aquatic organisms will die. C All the organisms with a lower limit of 5.0 will survive.All the organisms with a lower limit of 5.0 will survive. D All of the fish species will die; the others will survive.
Answer:
c. all the organisms with lower limit of 5 will survive
In 1839, Schleiden and Schwann began formulating a theory of cells and their role in living organisms. Over time, cell theory has been updated. Modern cell theory is summarized below.
Answer: The modern cell theory are in following ways:-
(1) All known living things are made up of one or more cells.
(2) All living cells arise from pre-existing cells by division.
(3) The cell is the fundamental unit of structure and function in all living organisms.
(4) The activity of an organism depends on the total activity of independent cells.
(5) Energy flow (metabolism and biochemistry) occurs within cells.
(6) Cells contain DNA which is found specifically in the chromosome and RNA found in the cell nucleus and cytoplasm.
(7) All cells are basically the same in chemical composition in organisms of similar species.
Explanation:
a bomb calorimeter can provide a close approximation for the amount of energy that will be produced by the body through the process of metabolism.
The amount of energy the body produces during metabolic processes can be roughly estimated using a bomb calorimeter. The heat energy released when food burns.
Why is oxygen used in bomb calorimeters?High pressure oxygen is required to completely combust the sample in the bomber. Oxygen aids the combustion of the sample and ensures that the sample is completely combusted for accurate final results.
Why is it called a bomb calorimeter?A bomb calorimeter consists of a sturdy steel container (called a bomb) that can withstand the high pressures at which the material inside burns. Therefore, it is called a bomb calorimeter.
What is the difference between a normal calorimeter and a bomb calorimeter?A bomb calorimeter works just like a coffee cup calorimeter, with one big difference. In a coffee cup calorimeter the reaction takes place in water. In a bomb calorimeter, the reaction takes place inside a bomb jar, which is a closed metal container. A bomb calorimeter can provide an accurate approximation of the amount of energy your body produces through metabolic processes.
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Place the items in order from highest to lowest degree of internal organizatio
tissue
organ system
organ
Cell
The items are listed in order of internal organization, highest to lowest. Organ system follows cell, tissue, organ, and organ.
What is the proper hierarchy for an organ system's organization?Multicellular organisms are made up of cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems, which are composed of groups of similar cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems.
What aspect of a tissue is least organized?At the lowest level of structure, cells are the most fundamental component of life. Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus, while eukaryotic cells have nuclei (with nucleus). Connective, muscular, epithelium, and nerve tissues are the four types of tissues. Organs are formed of several tissue types and carry out intricate tasks.
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Pathogenic bacteria are likely to multiply rapidly when environmental temperatures are between.
Answer:
20 + 40
Explanation:
they stay in an envelope which has a relative cool weather
how would you expect the rate of speciation of an allopatric case to compare to the rate of speciation of a sympatric case involving formation of allopolyploid offspring?
The rate of speciation of an allopatric case would occur at a much slower rate compare to the rate of speciation of a sympatric case involving formation of allopolyploid offspring.
Allopatric speciation occurs when groups of ancestral populations split into distinct species over time due to periods of geographical isolation. In sympatric speciation, populations of the same ancestral population split into different species until they are physically isolated from each other, making interbreeding impossible. Due to allopatric speciation, the emergence of new species takes a very long time.
Therefore, if a given sympatric species pairing rate is too high to be explained by possible combinations of allopatric and secondary Site speciation is preferred.
As such, sympatric velocities are 2 to 5 times faster than ectopic velocities, and are among the fastest for allotropic-symtopic pairs of species. Variances are expected even within these proportions, as species matings may differ with respect to specific evolutionary processes, population sizes, and genetic diversity of RI.
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vibrations from the tympanic membrane to the oval window are transmitted by the structures at which numbers?
The 3 and 4 are the structures at which the tympanic membrane to the oval window are communicated.
An example of a tympanic testHow well your middle ear is functioning is determined through a test called tympanometry. By tracking the motion of your eardrum, it does this. The outer ear, middle ear, and inner ear are all separate structures that make up your ear. You receive sound as energy or vibrations through your outer ear.
The tympanic bone's location is unknown.The temporal bone's tympanic portion, which surrounds the external portion of the ear canal, is a curving plate of bone that sits under the squamous portion, in front of the mastoid process.
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Organisms that are closely related, but not direct members of the group being studied.
if fossil fuel burning rates dont change, predict how this will impact the carbon cycle and global climate change by the year 2070.
Answer:
firstly fossil fuels are non renewable source of energy so It will eventually run out but untill then the prixe of fuel will keep rising
secondly the amount of fossil fuel burned will affect the carbon cycle which will lead to major climate change in the future if the use of fossil fuel stays the same
1.lead to increase in global temperature
2.sea level will rise
3.animals won't be able to adapt to the quick change leading to endangerment and extinction
4. both human and animal health will be greatly impacted
Which body systems within marching band members are interacting so they can play their instruments while walking in the parade? List the systems below.
Please help! 100 points
Answer:
Produces genetically identical to parents
Explanation:
The method for determining exercise intensity by estimating it without measuring it is called rating of.
Answer:
The RPE scale is used to measure the intensity of your exercise.
Explanation:
science!
A student cut three identical slices from a potato.She determined the mass of the slice. She then placed them in labeled beakers and added a different solutions to each beaker. After 30 minutes, she removed each slice from it's solutions, removed the excess liquid with toilet paper, and determined the mass of each slice. The change in mass was calculated and the results are shown in the data table below.
Change in mass of potato in Different solutions.
Using racee explain why solution 2,3 are hypertonic.
Solutions 2 and 3 are hypertonic because the slices of potato show a reduction in their masses.
What are hypertonic solutions?Hypertonic solutions are solutions with a higher concentration of solutes relative to the cell suspended in them.
Hypertonic solutions generally have lower water potentials compared to the water potential of the cells suspended in them. Thus, suspended cells lose water to such solutions by the osmotic movement of water molecules. Water always moves from the region of higher water to the region of lower water potentials by osmosis
Cells that lose water by osmosis will always weigh less compared to when they are yet to be suspended in hypertonic solutions.
Thus, solutions 2 and 3 are hypertonic solutions because the slices of potatoes weighed lesser than their original weight before they were suspended in the solutions.
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when a stem cell divides, it produces two daughter cells. one daughter cell will remain a stem cell, while the other daughter cell will differentiate into a specialized cell. which factor will most directly determine what type of specialized cell will be produced?
Stem cells is that they undergo asymmetric cell division, results in producing two daughter cells that are different from one another. One daughter remains a stem cell, a process called self-renewal .
Stem cell generally divides into two, were one daughter cell goes on to make specialized type of cell, or even gives rise to several different cell types. While the other daughter cell remains a stem cell, ready to produce more stem cells when they are needed.
Stem cell differentiation involves the changing of a cell to form a more specialized cell structure, that involves a switch from proliferation to specialization.
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what population control strategy has a big impact on population growth without infringing on people's rights to reproduce?
The population control strategy that greatly impacts population growth without infringing on people's rights to reproduce is replacement fertility practices by individuals.
The strategy or technique used to manage and maintain the types, locations, and numbers of people who populate the planet is known as population control. Over the course of a century, quality and status of life have drastically changed. We owe this to the world's inventive and cutting-edge technologies. Modern technology has several effects on the economy, including a decline in mortality and an increase in birth rate. One of the most hazardous issues currently plaguing the planet as a result of this is the population boom. India has seized its place among the most powerful nations. Everything has advanced to a new level, including the economics, status, and way of life. India has the largest population of this race. India now has 12 times as many people as it did when it gained freedom. Should this be stopped? Yes, but how? India was the first nation to implement a population policy, now known as the First Five Year Plan, in 1952 with the intention of containing the population expansion, but it was unsuccessful. The government later developed more practical strategies to manage the population boom by the 1970s. These included the Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act (1971), slogans for birth control on posters and bills, the marriage age requirement, contraception, etc.
Hence, population control strategy maintain population in equilibrium.
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a man with a blood type marries a woman with b blood type. a. can they have a child with o-type blood? explain.
When a man with blood type A marries a woman with blood type B, they can have a kid who has blood type O.
What is a blood group type?a method for classifying distinct kinds of human blood according on whether or not the red blood cells' surfaces contain certain markers. Blood comes in four different types: A, B, O, and AB.
A kid with the blood types A, B, AB, or O can result from having an A parent and a B parent. If one parent has blood type A and the other has blood type AB, the kid will either have the blood type A, B, or AB. If one parent has blood type A and the other has blood type O, the kid will either have blood type A or O.
If a man with type A blood marries a woman with type B blood. Their child is blood type O, reason is the genotypes of the parents will be AO and BO.
Thus a man with A blood type marries a woman with B blood type can produce o type blood child.
diagram is shown
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neurons that carry signals from the CNS to skeletal muscle for contraction would be classified as what type of neuron?
Neurons that carry signals from the CNS to skeletal muscle for contraction would be classified as an efferent neuron.
What is Neuron?This is referred to as the structural and functional unit of the brain and nervous system and it is involved in the collection of sensory inputs from the environment and ensuring that the signals are relayed to the brain.
Efferent is also referred to as motor neuron and they are the nerve fibers responsible for carrying signals from the brain to the peripheral nervous system for an action to take place which involves the contraction of the skeletal muscles.
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what did the discovery of neanderthal dna in modern human genomes tell us about gene flow as homo sapiens emerged from africa?
Although a small amount of variety has been passed down from Neanderthals, most human variation is derived from what was present in the population of homo sapiens that initially appeared in Africa.
Genes are a good illustration.Your skin and hair colors, among other characteristics, are influenced by the genes you inherit. The possibility exists that Emma's mother possesses two genes—one for brown hair and one for red hair—and may have given her one of them.
Relevance of genesThe formation and operation of your cells are governed by the instructions found in your DNA. The building blocks of the body are cells. A billion cells work together to form every component of your body. Chromosomes are the structural elements that hold genes in place.
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Which statement describes the process of subduction?
Convection currents cause two plates to move away from each other.
A plate slides beneath another plate due to convection currents and gravity.
Materials are heated and transferred within Earth’s interior by density.
Heat cycles in the mantle cause plates to constantly move.
Answer:
A plate slides beneath another plate due to convection currents and gravity :)
Example:
At a destructive plate margin, two plates move towards each other (oceanic and continental). The oceanic plate is denser, and subducts
Answer: the first one i did the
Explanation: