The term "MIC" refers to the least dose of a medicine needed to stop a pathogen's growth and reproduction.
Describe a pathogen as an example.Pathogens, which can affect one's health, include bacteria, fungus, viruses, and parasites. There are numerous pathogens that can cause severe illnesses, such as anthrax, HIV, Epstein-Barr viral, and the Zika virus.
In what ways does a pathogen impact the body?Numerous methods are used by pathogens to sicken their hosts. The most straightforward method is by direct tissue or cell damage during replication, typically through the generation of toxins, which permits the virus to enter other tissues or leave the cells it replicated in.
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What kind of problems can you foresee if every speck of carbon were turned into biomass? why?.
Life would end if every speck of carbon were turned into biomass.
It is because there wouldn't be enough carbon in the atmosphere for plants to carry out life processes. The carbon is substitute of all biomolecules. These biomolecules carries out all vital function.
Alternative energy sources to fossil fuels like coal, petroleum, and natural gas include biomass and the biofuels derived from it. Carbon dioxide (CO₂), a greenhouse gas, is released during the burning of either fossil fuels or biomass. However, the plants that provide the energy-producing biomass collect nearly as much CO₂ through photosynthesis as is produced when the biomass is burned, making biomass a carbon-neutral energy source.
Hence, carbon should be balanced between abiotic and biotic component
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In which type of rock would you find a large amount of silica?
Responses
glass
metamorphic
igneous
sedimentary
Answer:
igneous
Explanation:
Igneous rock is the type of rock that contains a large amount of silica. Igneous rocks are formed when molten rock (magma or lava) cools and solidifies. Silica is a common component of magma, so igneous rocks are often rich in silica. Glass, which is also made from silica, is not a type of rock. Metamorphic and sedimentary rocks are formed through processes that do not involve the melting of rock, so they typically contain lower amounts of silica.
Answer: Igneous
Explanation:
igneous should be your answer because igneous is a type of silica rock
A colorimeter is an instrument used for chemical analysis by comparing a liquid’s color with standard colors. In an experiment, a scientist used two colorimeters and noted the readings. The first colorimeter showed consistent readings that were five points lower than the actual reading. The second colorimeter provided readings that were the same as the actual reading. Which two statements are implications of these readings?
A The first colorimeter is reliable but not valid.
B The second colorimeter is valid and reliable.
C Both the colorimeters are reliable and valid.
D The readings of the first colorimeter can be used without repeating the experiment.
E The readings of the second colorimeter aren’t reliable and can’t be used for the experiment.
Since a colorimeter is an instrument used for chemical analysis by comparing a liquid’s color with standard colors, the two statements that are implications of these readings are options A and B:
The first colorimeter is reliable but not valid.The second colorimeter is valid and reliable.What is colorimeter used for?A colorimeter is a device that assesses the amount of light that can pass through a sample of pure solvent in comparison to that which can pass through a solution.
I will stand for or represents the portion of it that is absorbed. I will also stands for the remaining light that is transmitted. Despite being accurate, the first colorimeter is not precise. A -5 zero error appears to be present.
Therefore, in regards to the question, the close proximity of the readings allows us to draw a conclusion about its precision, but its lack of accuracy results from its deviation from the true value. Additionally, the variation consistently ranges between 5 and 10 points below the actual value, so the zero error may actually be a -5. Hence, Accuracy may be used to describe the second colorimeter.
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Which of the following best describes the function of the coenzymes NAD+ and FAD in eukaryotic cellular respiration? They participate in hydrolysis reactions by accepting protons from water molecules. They accept electrons during oxidation reduction reactions. They participate directly in the phosphorylation of ADP to ATP. They serve as final electron acceptors in the electron transport chain.
They accept electrons during oxidation reduction reactions, best describes the function of the coenzymes NAD+ and FAD in eukaryotic bacteria cellular respiration.
Eukaryotic cells, which have a nucleus encircled by the nuclear membrane, are the building blocks of large and complex organisms. Protozoa, animals, plants, fungi, and plants all contain eukaryotic cells. They are classified as being part of the kingdom Eukaryota. They can withstand a variety of circumstances in a single cell, allowing them to carry out different metabolic functions. This allows them to expand many times more than prokaryotic cells. Eukaryotic cells have the following characteristics: In eukaryotic cells, the nuclear membrane encloses the nucleus, the cell's mitochondria. Flagella and cilia are the locomotory structures found in eukaryotic cells. Cell walls are the word for eukaryotic cells' outermost layer. Cells divide via the mitotic process. Eukaryotic cells contain the cytoskeleton. One linear piece of DNA located in the nucleus holds all of the genetic information. A plant cell is enclosed by a stiff structure called a cell wall. However, it is not found in animal cells.
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PLS HELP High points
What does the Goal Seek Status box include? Check all that apply.
the value for a cell
the number of a row
a cell to be changed
a row to be changed
a column to be changed
the cell that causes the change
The Goal Seek Status box includes the number of a row, the cell that causes the change and a row to be changed.
What is goal seek status box?The Goal Seek command automates engineering calculations, which can be based on dimensioned geometry, to achieve a specific design goal. Goal seeking finds a specific value for a dependent variable (dependent by formula)
On the Data tab, in the Data Tools group, click What-If Analysis, and then click Goal Seek. In the Set cell box, enter the reference for the cell that contains the formula that you want to resolve.
The Goal Seek function in Excel allows you to adjust an input value in a formula to determine a desired outcome. This What-If Analysis tool is ideal for situations where you know the outcome you want, but aren't sure of the values needed to reach that outcome.
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Answer:
A C E your welcome
Explanation:
A
BIOLOGY
Q1. Celery is a plant that is harvested for food.
The celery stem is made from xylem tissue, phloem tissue and epidermal
tissue.
Is the celery stem an organ or an organism?
Choose the best answer to this question.
A. An organism because plants are living things
B. An organism because it is made of several different organs
C. An organ because it is made of several different tissues
D. An organ because it is made of the same type of cells
Celery is an organ because it is made of the same type of cells.
What is celery?
A piece of celery contains the plant's petiole, or stem, which humans consume. The type of cells found in celery tissue account for the stalk's crunchiness.Celery also has collenchyma tissue, which supports the plant, in addition to the vascular bundles of xylem (water-conducting) and phloem (food-conducting) tissues. The pressure of the water pressing against the cell walls gives collenchyma tissue, which is made up of elongated live cells packed with water, its rigidity, which gives celery its crunch.Plant stems, leaves, and flowers all contain collenchyma. The collenchyma tissue on a celery stem is found on the ribs along the exterior of the stalk and on the interior.Hence, celery is an organ
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Luca wants to identify and quantify the chemicals causing air pollution in a city, but he is using a manual air sampler to collect air samples.
Why should he update his current sampler to an electronic one?
a.to maintain the current way air sampling data are stored
b.to diagram exactly what portions of the city are affected by air pollution
c.to make predictions about air pollution that are precise but not accurate
d.to account for broad-scale factors that affect the number of chemicals identified
The answer is: d.to account for broad-scale factors that affect the number of chemicals identified.
Answer:
To account for broad scale factors that affect the number of chemicals identify.
Explanation:
PLEASE ANSWER #5 ASAP !!!
a) Organelle A= Golgi apparatus.
b) Substance A= Matrix
c) Substance B= Ribosome
What is Golgi apparatus?
The Golgi apparatus, also called the Golgi complex or Golgi apparatus, is a membrane-bound organelle of eukaryotic cells (cells with well-defined nuclei) that consists of a series of flat-stacked sacs called cisternae. The Golgi apparatus is responsible for the transport, modification, and packaging of proteins and lipids into vesicles for delivery to specific destinations. It is located in the cytoplasm near the nucleus next to the endoplasmic reticulum. Many cell types contain only one or more Golgi apparatus, whereas plant cells may contain hundreds of Golgi apparatus.
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How many genotypically different types of gametes could be produced by the individual represented by XxYYzz?
Answer:
Explanation:
An individual with the genotype XxYYzz has two copies of each chromosome and two alleles at each locus. Since there are three loci (X, Y, and Z), the individual has a total of 2^3=8 genotypically different types of gametes. These gametes could be represented as follows:
XYZ
XYz
XyZ
Xyz
xYZ
xYz
xyZ
xyz
Therefore, the individual could produce 8 genotypically different types of gametes.
Can someone give me the answers to 2 5 and 6? PLEASE
2-7 levels of the food chain exist.
5-The fifth point is that sunlight is a producer of food.
6-If the producer is not in the chain, nothing will happen in step six.
What is a brief explanation of the food chain?How energy and nutrients travel through an environment is described by a food chain. Energy is first produced by fundamental organisms like plants, then by higher-level organisms like herbivores. Energy is then transferred from herbivores to carnivores when they consume one another.
Which three food chains exist?Plants at Level 1 (producers) Animals classified as herbivores or at level two (primary consumers) Level 3: Herbivore-eating animals (secondary consumers, carnivores).
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1. Integumentary 2. Skeletal 3. Muscular
4. Nervous 5. Endocrine 6. Cardiovascular
7. Lymphatic 8. Respiratory 9. Digestive
10. Urinary 11. Reproductive
Which of the above systems have a function of
movement?
Select one:
O a. 1, 4,
Ob. 2, 3
O c. 11, 9
O d. 5, 6
the following options are all reproductive barriers. which one is an example of a prezygotic barrier in which the two different species do mate?
Regular mating occurs between two species of dragonflies, however the gametes are incompatible. - Even though no zygote is produced, there is mating.
What does a prezygotic barrier look like?Members of several species are prevented from mating to create zygotes, which are single-celled embryos, by prezygotic barriers. Below are a few instances of scenarios: It's possible for two species to favor various habitats, making cross-species encounters unusual. Habitat isolation is the term for this.
Prezygotic reproductive barriers: what are they?Prezygotic barrier: a mechanism that prevents fertilization and thus prevents reproduction. A mechanism that prevents reproduction after fertilization and zygote development is the postzygotic barrier.
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Based on the figure below, which of the following statements is/are a direct reflection of the data presented? Select all that apply.A. Increasing ivory prices always increases the amount of illegal killing of elephants.B. Natural mortality rate is higher than the illegal killing rate of elephants between 1998 and 2006.C. After 2008, increasing ivory prices are coincident with increases in illegal killing of elephants.D. In 2010 illegal killing rates surpassed natural mortality rates of elephants.
Based on the given figure, the statements given in options C and D are a direct reflection of the data presented regarding the illigal killing of elephants.
The Monitoring the Illegal Killing of Elephants (MIKE) program is an international collaboration that measures the trends, levels, and causes of elephant mortality, ultimately providing an information base to support international decision-making related to the conservation of elephants in Asia and Africa. The investigation of this program is shown in the given picture that as per the given options in the question reflect:
After 2008, increasing ivory prices coincide with increases in the illegal killing of elephants. In 2010 illegal killing rates surpassed the natural mortality rates of elephants.You can learn more about Illegal Killing of Elephants at:
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How long will it take until we see nuclear fusion
commercially?
One of the most eco-friendly forms of energy is fusion. Fusion doesn't produce any CO2 or other damaging atmospheric emissions, hence it doesn't cause any greenhouse gas emissions or global warming.
What is the impact of nuclear fusion commercially?There is currently no commercially feasible fusion technology. Not today's energy source, but the one of the future. Society should continue to create more widely used green technologies in the interim.
Therefore, Nuclear physicists claim that obstacles still exist. Fusion power plants would need to be widely used before the American energy infrastructure could be significantly redesigned. Fusion power still costs too much to be economically viable.
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Tropic hormones, or tropins, include several hormones produced by which structure?.
Answer:
Anterior pituitary
Explanation:
Most tropic hormones are produced and secreted by the anterior pituitary. The hypothalamus secretes tropic hormones that target the anterior pituitary, and the thyroid gland secretes thyroxine, which targets the hypothalamus and therefore can be considered a tropic hormone.
Many of the hormones produced by the anterior pituitary are tropic hormones (tropins)
Answer:anterior pituitary. I hope this helps
Explanation:
Most tropic hormones are produced and secreted by the anterior pituitary. The hypothalamus secretes tropic hormones that target the anterior pituitary, and the thyroid gland secretes thyroxine, which targets the hypothalamus and therefore can be considered a tropic hormone.The anterior pituitary produces ACTH. It is considered a tropic hormone. Tropic hormones indirectly affect target cells by first stimulating other endocrine glands
Which is true about eukaryotic
cells?
A. This classification includes bacterial and
amoeba cells.
B. This classification includes plant and animal
cells.
C. All cells except fungal cells are classified as
eukaryotic cells.
Answer:
B
Explanation:
In what processes is carbon a reactant or a product in the carbon cycle?
Carbon is a reactant in the process of photosynthesis but a product in the process of cellular respiration.
What is carbon cycle?Carbon cycle is the physical cycle of carbon through the Earth’s biosphere, geosphere, hydrosphere and atmosphere.
It is the series of processes by which carbon compounds are interconverted in the environment, that includes such processes as
photosynthesisdecompositionrespirationcarbonificationCarbon cycle involves the incorporation of carbon dioxide into living tissue by photosynthesis and its return to the atmosphere through respiration, the decay of dead organisms, and the burning of fossil fuels.
Therefore, carbon is present in the atmosphere as a reactant during photosynthesis and as a product during cellular respiration.
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Question Answer
When a sperm cell and an ovum/egg merge, they undergo the process of fertilization, and give rise to a (gamete, zygote), which is (haploid, diploid). Gamete and Haploid
When a sperm cell and an ovum merge, they go through the technique of fertilization, and supply upward push to a (gamete, zygote), which is (haploid, diploid).
A hypothetical organism has 10 chromosomes for every of its frame cells. Cells beginning mitosis & meiosis start with a (haploid or diploid) set of chromosomes. Through the technique of fertilization, egg and sperm be a part of to make a cell with forty six chromosomes (23 pairs), referred to as a zygote. For every chromosome pair, one homologous chromosome got here from every parent. They have the equal genes organized withinside the equal order, however there are small versions withinside the DNA letters of these genes. When an egg and a sperm fuse, they integrate into a brand new cell referred to as a zygote. The zygote carries all of the genetic records it wishes to turn out to be a brand new individual. This new cell then divides over and over, ultimately forming a whole organism with the equal genes in every cell.
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Hunter has been completing research for his environmental science class. During the course of his studies, Hunter reviewed some of the requirements for becoming an
occupational health and safety specialist. He was very interested to learn about the educational requirements as well as the projected job growth in his area.
Hunter has been studying biology and will graduate in May with his bachelor's degree. He plans on searching for a job within the local, state, or federal government
after graduation. Because of Hunter's anticipated degree completion, he will be eligible for graduate safety practitioner (GSP) designation. GSP designation is one
pathway to sit for the certified safety professional exam.
The following questions relate to occupational health and environmental science. Please help Hunter answer them based on what you have learned from this chapter.
Once Hunter completes his certified safety professional exam, he will need to complete which of the following in order to keep his certification?
OA Yearly community Service hours
OB. Periodic continuing education
OC Examination completion every 2 years
OD. Thirty additional internship hours
Answer:
B. Periodic continuing education
Explanation:
The certified safety professional (CSP) exam is a comprehensive examination that tests the knowledge and skills of occupational health and safety specialists. Once an individual has passed the CSP exam and received their certification, they will need to complete periodic continuing education in order to maintain their certification. Continuing education is a requirement for many professional certifications, and it is designed to help professionals stay up-to-date on new developments in their field and maintain their skills and knowledge.
The other options listed in the question do not appear to be requirements for maintaining CSP certification. Option A, yearly community service hours, is not typically a requirement for professional certification. Option C, examination completion every 2 years, is also not a typical requirement. Option D, thirty additional internship hours, may be required in some cases, but it is not specified in the information provided.
as lisa drove home, she was suddenly alerted to the sound of a blaring horn and realized she had drifted off to sleep. which nervous system division dominated when she was startled awake? question 25 options: sensory nervous system sympathetic nervous system parasympathetic nervous system somatic nervous system
She was shocked awake, according to the statement, and the sympathetic nervous system took over.
How does the sympathetic nervous system work?The best-known function of your sympathetic nervous system is how it reacts to risky or stressful circumstances. Your sympathetic nervous system becomes active in these circumstances to help you escape danger by increasing your heart rate, delivering more blood to your body's oxygen-depleted regions, and other actions.
What causes the sympathetic nervous system to act?The hypothalamus triggers the sympathetic nervous system by communicating with the adrenal glands via the autonomic nerves following an amygdala distress signal. Epinephrine, often known as adrenaline, is released into the bloodstream by these glands as a response.
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The system border process is one of the processes needed to establish system context. The system border
process defines which features a new system will cover and which features are
relational
O contextual
educational
O environmental
The system border process defines which features a new system will cover and which features are educational.
What is system border process ?The process of defining and justifying which elements of a product's life cycle should be included in a life cycle assessment study is known as the setting of system boundaries for an analysis.System boundary decisions should, at least in part, be guided by the particular suite of sustainability impacts that are of interest, as specific activities and their associated resource use and emission profiles will be of varying importance to the spectrum of potential impact indicators that might be considered in a study.It will be crucial to set the system limits for studies concentrating on potential interactions between nutritional factors and sustainability impacts such that all life cycle activities having an impact on one or more of these issues are included.To learn more about system boundaries refer :
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In the auditory pathway, axons of the cochlear branch of the vestibulocochlear (VIII) nerve synapse with neurons in the
A: cochlear nuclei in the medulla on the same side
B: inferior colliculus in the midbrain on the opposite side
C: superior olivary nucleus in the pons on each side
D: primary auditory area in the cerebral cortex on each side
Option A, In the auditory pathway, axons of the cochlear branch of the vestibulocochlear (VIII) nerve synapse with neurons in the cochlear nuclei in the medulla on the same side.
Nerve impulses pass along the axons of these neurons, which form the cochlear branch of the vestibulocochlear (VIII) nerve.
These axons synapse with neurons in the cochlear nuclei in the medulla oblongata on the same side.
The cochlear nuclei are a pair of tiny, specialized sensory nuclei that make up the cochlear neuron component of the upper motor neurons. They are located in the upper medulla. They are a large portion of the brainstem's enormous cranial nerve nuclei.
Central extensions of bipolar neurons from the vestibular ganglion make up the vestibular nerve. These neurons' peripheral processes form connections with the inner ear's ciliated sensory cells.
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Match the term on left with those on the right. PP Recessive phenotype[Choose ] Homozygous Homozygous recessive Heterozygous Homozygous dominant pp [Choose] True breeding [Choose ] -
The predicted genotypes seen in the progeny of a hybrid between a heterozygous parental plant and a recessive plant are (Pp) and (pp).
Is PP heterozygous dominant or recessive?The predicted genotypes seen in the progeny of a hybrid between a heterozygous parental plant and a recessive plant are (Pp) and (pp). A 1:1 genotypic ratio is anticipated. The progeny will be heterozygous (Pp) in half and homozygous recessive in the other half (pp). Additionally, the phenotypic ratio will be 1:1.Due to the fact that both of their alleles are the same form—PP persons have two dominant alleles and pp individuals have two recessive alleles—PP and pp individuals are referred to as homozygotes.The alleles for each gene in the plant make up the genotype. Here, Pp is the genotype. A plant is homozygous if it has two copies of the same allele. Heterozygous refers to a plant with two distinct alleles.To learn more about homozygotes refer,
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A negative correlation coefficient means
Increasing one variable diminishes the other in a negative correlation. Correlation coefficients are +1 to -1. Negative correlations are below zero.
What is a negative correlation coefficient?
The strength of a linear link between two variables can be statistically measured using a statistic called the correlation coefficient.
A relationship between two variables is said to have a negative correlation when the value of one variable increases while the value of the second variable falls as the value of the first variable increases.
The value that is obtained by expressing correlation on a scale ranging from +1 to -1 is referred to as the correlation coefficent. A negative correlation is expressed by values that are less than zero.
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Which organic compound essential to cells is missing from the chart, and what function does it serve in cells?Organic Compound: carbohydrates lipids ATP nucleic acids amino acids ?
Function: provide short term energy of cells found in cell membranes immediate energy source for cells information system for cells building blocks of proteins ?
A.
proteins – from many structures within cells
B.
proteins – involved in energy production in living cells
C.
respiratory gases – involved in energy production in living cells
D.
respiratory gases – from many structures within cells
The organic compound that is essential to cells is missing from the chart and is known as the proteins which form many structures within cells. Thus, the correct option for this question is A.
What is the function of proteins?The function of proteins is understood by the fact that they are actively involved in the formation of many structures within the cells. They are also used for cell repair, tissue damage, etc.
According to the context of this question, carbohydrates provide short-term energy for cells while amino acids are the building blocks of proteins. Nucleic acids are known as information systems that carry out the mechanism of inheritance.
Therefore, the organic compound that is essential to cells is missing from the chart and is known as the proteins which form many structures within cells. Thus, the correct option for this question is A.
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Photosynthesis plays an important role in maintaining life in most ecosystems on Earth because it has an impact on how organisms obtain their energy. Write a claim that supports the idea that photosynthesis helps sustain life on Earth, and support that claim with at least one piece of evidence.
Photosynthesis and the living beings that are dependent on human beings are very much dependent on each other where they both have interlinked relationship. The support that responds to such claims are cellular respiration and the light reactions in the plants that are taking place in the living beings in the present of light.
What is the most common source of solar energy ?It is the sun that provides solar energy and heat that is required for the almost every living being present on Earth.
To convert solar energy into chemical energy that is stored in the living cells at that moment the conversion is possible because of the solar energy only.
Most of the life that is dependent on photosynthesis that is carried out by the photosynthesis via plants, animals and some types of bacteria which capture sunlight from sun some types of photosynthesis are dependent on the sun as well specially in the case of photosynthetic bacteria.
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describe the similarities and difference between the biochemical pathways of aerobic repsiration and photosynthesis
In the process of respiration,oxygen and glucose produce water and carbon dioxide,while carbon dioxide and water produce glucose and oxygen during the process of photosynthesis.
Image result to describe the similarities and differences between the biochemical pathways of aerobic respiration and photosynthesis.Both respiration and photosynthesis include the conversions of energy from one form to another through the series of biochemical reactions.Both processes use and produce ATP in the reactions.Photosynthesis and aerobic respiration are part of a cyclical process of biochemical reactions.Photosynthesis requires the products of aerobic respiration (carbon dioxide and water),while aerobic respiration requires the products of photosynthesis (glucose and oxygen). While water breaks down to form oxygen during photosynthesis,in cellular respiration oxygen combines with hydrogen to form water.While photosynthesis requires carbon dioxide and releases oxygen,cellular respiration requires oxygen and releases carbon dioxide.
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Which of the following helps to stabilize eukaryotic mRNA by inhibiting its degradation while in the cytoplasm? A. Spliceosomes B. A 5' modified guanosine triphosphate cap
C. Sigma proteins
D. TATA box E. A 3' Poly(A) tail
Eukaryotic mRNA by inhibiting its degradation while in the cytoplasm are
A. Spliceosomes
B. A 5' modified guanosine triphosphate cap
E. A 3' Poly(A) tail
Translation and mRNA stability are enhanced by the presence of a poly(A) tail. These tails interacts with a conserved polypeptide and poly(A) binding protein.
cap have many important biological roles, such as protecting mRNA from degradation by 5′ exoribonucleases and directing pre-mRNA splicing and mRNA export from the nucleus . In general ,the poly(A) tail at the 3′ end of the transcript often protects messages from degradation.
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genes and genomes can be altered by several different mechanisms, including (multiple correct answers here), and even the infusion of fresh genetic material all contribute to genome evolution. Small mutations, duplications, deletions, rearrangements and even the infusion of fresh genetic material all contribute to genome evolution
Genes as well as genomes can be altered by various different mechanisms which include: small mutations, duplications, deletions, rearrangements, and also the infusion of fresh genetic material that contribute to genome evolution.
Even though the genetic element which is mobile in nature could block a gene regulatory sequence and facilitate an array of genetic variations. These genetic variations include small mutations or mutations within a single gene, gene duplications, gene deletions, rearrangements such as exon shuffling as well as additional structural and regulatory changes.
A mutation refers to a an alteration within the DNA sequence of an individual. The term 'genome' refers to the total genetic information that is contained within an organism.
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Segmentation only occurs in bilaterally symmetrical animals. True or False? Explain your answer
Answer:True
Explanation:
There are many organisms with bilateral symmetry, including humans and other mammals. These organisms exhibit segmentation that is not seen in organisms with radial symmetry. Segmentation is a distinctive feature of bilateral microorgBilateral symmetry refers to organisms with body shapes that are mirror images along a midline called the sagittal plane. The internal organs, however, are not necessarily distributed symmetrically.
The vast majority of animals display bilateral symmetry; also known as plane symmetry, this is a trait that applies to 99% of all animals, in the majority of phyla: Chordata, Annelida, Arthropoda, Platyzoa, Nematoda, and most Mollusca.
On the other hand, the Cnidaria display radial symmetry and the Porifera exhibit no symmetry.
The Echinodermata are unique, in that they display bilateral symmetry in their larval stage, and a special form of fivefold radial symmetry, pentamerism in their adult life stage.
Bilaterally symmetrical animals have a dorsal side (top), a ventral side (bottom) and distinct left and right sides. They also have an anterior side (head), and a posterior side (tail), and exhibit cephalization. Cephalization is the clustering of sensory organs at the anterior; a body plan that arose because animals use forward motion, and so this end is the first to encounter the environmental stimuli to which an organism must react. The bilateral body plan may also be advantageous because it permits organisms to be more streamline. This would have been particularly important for ancestral organisms, which moved through the oceans.anisms present in both the body and the appendages.