DNA synthesis begins at a site within a chromosome called the origin of replication.
The origination of replication (ori) as well as all of its regulatory components make up the replicon. The ori would be where DNA replication starts, allowing plasmids to replicate themselves in order to live inside cells.
DNA double helix unwinding occurs at specified locations, known as origins, whereby DNA replication begins. The production of a primer, a brief section of RNA that serves as the beginning point for such synthesis of fresh DNA, follows.
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Many eukaryotic genes can be placed into bacteria and expressed in bacterial cells. However, some modifications must be made for this to work successfully. What do you predict is a primary issue with expressing eukaryotic genes in bacterial cells?.
Because E. coli is a prokaryote and lacks the membrane-bound nucleus (and other organelles) present in eukaryotic cells, utilizing it to express eukaryotic genes has several drawbacks.
The pre-introns mRNAs won't be cut out, which will cause the synthesis of an aberrant protein. In bacteria, the sequences needed for effective translation initiation do not exist. Due to the cells' inability to carry out the necessary post-translational modifications or molecular folding, multi-domain eukaryotic proteins produced in bacteria frequently lack functionality.
Finding the best combination of information sources extrinsic and internal to the genome of interest is one of the main challenges of gene prediction in eukaryotes. RNA transcripts and cross-species proteins produced from annotated genomes may both carry external information.
As a result, we can state that E. coli is a prokaryote and does not have a membrane-bound nucleus or other eukaryotic cell organelles, using it to express eukaryotic genes has a number of disadvantages.
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Dha and epa, eicosanoids derived from omega-3 fatty acids, reduce blood clot formation and promote heart health. The richest food source of dha and epa is ____________.
Dha and epa, eicosanoids derived from omega-3 fatty acids, reduce blood clot formation and promote heart health. The richest food source of dha and epa is fatty fish.
What are the benefits of EPA and DHA?EPA and DHA have a large number of benefits for our body, the main source of these acids is in fatty fishes such as tuna, anchovies, or salmon. There has an indirect source of EPA in flaxseed oil, leafy vegetables, and nuts. They do not have EPA, they have ALA, which the body converts into EPA, but only really small quantities can be converted.
Fish and seafood or the marine sources are the highest food source of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Among the marine sources, fish such as salmon, herring, mackerel and anchovy have the highest content of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA).
Therefore, The richest food source of dha and epa is fatty fish.
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a mechanic tries to change as many tires as possible in a short time by bringing more cars into the garage before previously repaired cars can be removed. eventually no more work can be done until the fixed cars are removed. what enzyme function is this like?
Feedback inhibition is the enzyme function in this scene
Feedback inhibition is an essential biochemical process that modulates several enzymatic reactions using noncompetitive inhibitors. The final product of this process blocks the enzyme that catalyzes the first series of reactions. Synthesis of some amino acids is regulated by feedback inhibition. A simple example of feedback cancellation is a thermostat connected to a heater. A sensor detects the temperature in the that room, and when the temperature was reaches a predetermined set of point, the thermostat was signals the stove to turn it off. Feedback inhibition occurs when there end product of the reaction interferes with the enzyme that actually helped produce it. Inhibitors do this by the binding to the second active binding site that is actually different from that bound to the first and the reactant. The enzyme then changes shape and can no be longer catalyze the reaction
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What happens if a muscle cell has LOTS of myofibrils?
Answer: With a decrease in ATP levels, actin and myosin enter into a fixed and rigid state of adhesion until, under the influence of autolysis and putrefaction, protein ...
Explanation:
Increased numbers of contractile myofibrils are one of the side effects of hypertrophy, which has the overall effect of making the muscle stronger.
What are myofibrils?A myofibril, also called a muscle fibril or sarcostyle, is a fundamental organelle that looks like a rod and is found inside of a muscle cell. Muscle fibres are long, tubular cells that make up skeletal muscles; inside these cells are multiple chains of myofibrils. Muscle fibres are what make up skeletal muscles. The diameter of a single myofibril ranges between one and two micrometres.
Increased numbers of contractile myofibrils are one of the side effects of hypertrophy, which has the overall effect of making the muscle stronger.
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The _________ regulates homeostasis, the autonomic nervous system, the endocrine system, and the sleep/wake cycle.
The hypothalamus regulates homeostasis, the autonomic nervous system, the endocrine system, and the sleep/wake cycle.
Hypothalamus is the part of the brain that almond-sized and present at the base of the brain. It is the part of the limbic system which controls the behavioral and emotional responses. It is also known as the body's smart control coordinating center.
Homeostasis is the state of dynamic equilibrium in the body. It is when the net loss of the body is equal to net gain. For example, the accurate blood pressure, body temperature, nutrient concentrations are all conditions of homeostasis. If any one concentration changes, then it should be balanced by the action of other.
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g which choice among a-e below is false? a. transferrins: an iron-binding protein in your body b. fever: increases t cell activity and lowers iron availability c. amps: peptides of the innate immune system that possess antimicrobial activity d. interferon: acts on increfhypothalamus to elevate body temperature set point causing fever e. alternative complement pathway: complement activated by binding to pathogen surface glycolipids f. none are false; a - e are all true
False, Interferon acts on the hypothalamus to raise the body's natural temperature, resulting in fever.
What class of medication is interferon?Immunomodulators are a class of drugs that includes interferon alfa-2b. By reducing the amount of virus in the body, interferon alfa-2b treats hepatitis C virus (HCV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV).
What is the purpose of interferon?Hepatitis B and C, lymphoma (lymph node cancer), malignant melanoma (skin cancer), genital warts, hairy cell leukemia (blood cell cancer), and Kaposi sarcoma are all conditions that are treated with interferon alfa-2b injection. In order to combat infections and tumors, the body's cells produce substances called interferons.
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What do we need protein for in our bodies?
Answer:
We need proteins for a lot of very vital functions in our bodies. We would not survive without them. Here are some examples below:
Enzymes are mostly proteins. They carry out the chemical reactions in the body. This includes digestion and energy production.Transportation proteins bind and carry molecules throughout the body. Proteins in your cell membrane controls what pass in and out of the cell.Messenger proteins, such as certain types of hormones, sends signals to oversee the biological processes between the different structures in your body.Proteins help provide structure and support for the cell. An example would be keratin, which is found in your nails.Answer: We need protein to help the body repair cells and make new cells
Explanation:
The human body is made up of proteins. The most basic form of proteins is chains of amino acids. Every cell in the human body contains proteins. Proteins are essential for the growth and development of our body. It helps the body repair cells to form new cells. Protein is important for building bones, muscles, cartilage, and skin, oxygenation of the body since red blood cells contain a protein compound, digestion, and speeding recovery.
Lack of protein can make us lose body mass, and strength and slows down our metabolism rates. The body cannot function normally without protein and its essential amino acids. Low protein levels in our body can lead to nausea, headache, mood changes, weakness, fatigue, low blood pressure, diarrhea, etc.
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which of the following characteristics are true about bony fish? (select all that apply.)
a. All bony fish possess gills.
b. Bony fish can hover in the water and swim backward.
c. Most bony fish possess a swim bladder to maintain buoyancy.
All these characteristics are true about bony fish, such as their ability to hover in the water and swim backward. They possess gills and a swim bladder to maintain buoyancy. So all three options, a, b, and c, are correct for the statement.
What is the adaptation of a bony fish?The bony fish have a skeleton made up of bones, so the larger bony fish who live in the ocean have an air bladder. This air bladder keeps them buoyant and prevents them from sinking. Fish have gills for breathing as they take in oxygen and release carbon dioxide. Some fish can hover and swim backward.
Hence, all the options, such as a, b, and c, are correct regarding bony fish.
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How would the environment change if there were fewer plants to carry out photosynthesis?.
If the number of plants that carry out photosynthesis is less, then we would have more carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and lesser oxygen than what it is at present. This is because the recycling of carbon dioxide will be less.
Photosynthesis requires sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water as starting reactants. After the process is complete, photosynthesis releases oxygen and produces carbohydrate molecules, most commonly glucose. Thus, fewer plants would mean less oxygen, ATP, and glucose and more carbon dioxide.
Photosynthesis provides the carbon needed for organic molecules. Through the process of carbon fixation, photosynthesis takes carbon from Carbon dioxide and converts it into sugars (which are organic).
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Which cellular structure must substances pass through to enter or leave the cell.
plasma membranes
Explanation:
Plasma membranes must allow certain substances to enter and leave a cell, while preventing harmful material from entering and essential material from leaving. In other words, plasma membranes are selectively permeable—they allow some substances through but not others.
PLEASE HURRY QUICK!!!!!!!!!
Radiation -
- Heat from a fire warming hands
- Cooking popcorn using a microwave
Conduction -
- Grabbing a warm coffee mug to warm hands
- Putting an ice pack over an injury
Convection -
- An oven that cooks by cycling warm air through the bottom and out the top
- Warm water rising to the surface of the ocean and cooler water sinking
Hope that helps lol.
When muscles are active, cells use nutrients and oxygen at a higher rate and produce waste
chemicals and heat more rapidly. Describe how the interaction of two or more body systems helps
to maintain homeostasis during periods of high muscle activity. (Be sure to identify the two
systems you refer to in your answer.)
The interaction of two or more body systems helps to maintain homeostasis during periods of high muscle activity because to eliminate the waste substances, the circulatory system collaborates with the excretory system.
The circulatory system delivers the oxygen that is taken in by the respiratory system to the cells. An increased heart rate will speed up the delivery of oxygen to the cells since they consume it more quickly. Waste will be created when muscular activity rises, and the excretory system will remove it.
The circulatory system, the digestive system, the excretory system, and the respiratory system are the four major systems that collaborate when there is considerable muscular activity.
Finally, the excretory system eliminates waste from the body that is produced throughout all the activities mentioned above. The circulatory system carries all vital nutrients to every cell in the body, including muscle cells.
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In an important experiment with e. Coli, meselson and stahl established that during dna replication, each of the two strands that make up the double helix were used as a template for the new strands of dna. The scientists described the replication method as semi-conservative. What does this indicate?.
In an important experiment with e. Coli, Mseason and Stahl hooked up that in DNA replication, every one of the 2 strands that make up the double helix had been used as a template for the new strands of DNA to just take the test.
The presence of 1 parental subunit for every daughter DNA double helix supported semi-conservative replication. The 1/3 conclusion made with the aid of Meselson and Stahl said that for every parental DNA molecule, new molecules were made. consequently, the quantity of DNA after each replication is elevated via an issue of two.
Meselson & Stahl reasoned that these experiments confirmed that DNA replication changed into semi-conservative: the DNA strands separate and everyone makes a copy of itself so that each daughter molecule accommodates one "vintage" and one "new" strand.
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Which of the following describes an organism under stress?
They expend more energy to maintain homeostasis.
They use less energy for homeostasis and instead use it for reproduction.
They will not reproduce at all.
Fewer of their offspring will survive.
The following which describes an organism under stress is that they expend more energy to maintain homeostasis and is denoted as option A.
What is Homeostasis?This is defined as the process in which an organism possesses the ability to maintain internal stability which is usually in response to the changes in the environment.
The part of the brain which is referred to as hypothalamus is responsible for the homeostatic activities which occur in the cells of the body. Fir example in the case of the weather being hot, the brain sends signals so as to ensure that there is less production of urine so as to ensure that the individual is hydrated.
This process involves the use of more energy to maintain it and is therefore the reason why option A was chosen as the correct choice.
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what are the two principal factors that lead to microevolution?
The two principal factors that lead to microevolution are migration and natural selection.
What is microevolution?
Microevolution is the gradual shift in allele frequencies within a population. Four separate processes—mutation, natural and artificial selection, gene flow, and genetic drift—are responsible for this shift.
As the primary mechanism for microevolution, you can turn to Charles Darwin's foundational theory of natural selection. Alleles that result in advantageous adaptations are handed on to subsequent generations because the likelihood that individuals with those features will live long enough to reproduce is increased. As a result, undesirable adaptations gradually disappear from the gene pool and are bred out of the population. When compared to earlier generations, variations in allele frequency become more obvious over time.
The genetic features that are present in a population can change at any time due to migration, or the movement of people into or out of that group. Other organisms relocate seasonally or in reaction to unanticipated environmental pressures, similar to how northern birds migrate south during the winter. Different alleles are introduced into the new host group through immigration, or the movement of an individual into a population.
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The external brain structure found between the pre-central gyrus and the post-central gyrus is the.
The precentral gyrus lies in front of the postcentral gyrus - totally on the lateral (convex) aspect of each cerebral hemisphere - from which it is separated by the important sulcus.
The relevant sulcus often maintains a quick distance onto the medial floor of the hemisphere. Anterior and posterior to it lie the medial extensions of the precentral and postcentral gyri growing the morphological entity known as the paracentral lobule.
The superolateral surface shows the valuable sulcus that separates the pre-imperative and put-up-critical gyri. The parietal lobe is divided with the aid of the interparietal sulcus into supra-parietal and infra-parietal lobes. The occipital lobe includes the primary visible area surrounded by peristriate and parastriate regions.
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Part 1 Questions
1. You have a battery and a light bulb. What else must you have to complete the circuit to light the bulb. Why is this component necessary?
2. How is a parallel circuit different from a series circuit? Provide an example to support your statement.
3. What is the role of resistance in an electrical circuit? Provide an example to support your statement.
4. Ohm’s law is represented by the following equation
I= V/R
Explain how the current would change if the amount of voltage increased, but resistance stayed the same.
1) A switch is required
2) The series circuit has end to end connection while we connect a parallel circuit to a common junction
3) The resistance would reduce the current in the circuit.
4) The current would increase.
What is a circuit?The term circuit has to do with a path that have been provided for the flow of current. There are the components that must be present so as to be able to make up a circuit. All of these components have various roles and they help the circuit to be able to function well.
1) Since we have the battery and the light bulb, we need a switch and the switch would complete the circuit because it is going to help us to open and close the circuit.
2) In a parallel circuit, the connection is done to a common junction while in a series circuit the connection is done end to end.
3) The resistance is the opposition that is offered to the flow of current in a cicuit. It serves to decrease the flow of current in the circuit.
4) If the voltage is increased and the resistance remains the same then the current would be increased in the circuit.
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Select all that are possible sources of fixed acids.
a. Body cells
b. Diet rich in animal protein
c. Vegetarian diet
d. Antacids
The appropriate choices are A and B: Body cells and high animal protein diet Compared to bird lungs, human lungs are far less efficient at capturing oxygen from the air.
This is essential for birds because they need more oxygen to absorb the energy from the food they eat because they burn a lot of energy while they fly. Additionally, there are times when birds fly very high in the sky, where there is less oxygen. Health professionals hypothesize that protein from animal sources adds to an increased risk of heart disease since people who consume diets heavy in animal protein often experience more heart attacks than people who obtain their protein largely from plant sources.
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In the reactions of photosynthesis, simple sugar molecules are manufactured in the.
Manufacture of simple sugar molecules in the reactions of photosynthesis takes place in the chloroplasts.
Photosynthesis is the process of synthesizing food performed in the plants, some bacteria and fungi. For this the plants capture the inorganic raw material like sunlight energy, water and carbon dioxide and convert into sugars like glucose and sucrose, releasing oxygen as the by-product.
Chloroplasts are the green pigment containing cell organelles not present in animals. The chloroplast contains the pigment called chlorophyll that enables the capture of sunlight. It is a double membranous cell organelle containing stacks of thylakoids called grana. Chloroplast also contains is own DNA.
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2 ways of reforesting the U.S
Answer: donate money to team tree, even-aged stands
Explanation:
1. how does being a generalist help a species become established in a new habitat as an invasive species?
A generalist specie is more likely to continue to exist in a changing environment, because they may be capable of live in lots of exclusive locations, however additionally they tend to be greater adaptable to disturbances, that means that they are able to without problems adapt to any change of their environment.
A key characteristic of generalist species is that they have got a higher benefit of surviving in habitat this is changing.. they're capable of continue to exist due to the fact they have a massive variety of sources which permits them to conform to a extensive variety of environmental situations and weight-reduction plan as well.
Finally, a generalist education and revel in might also require less time than specialists. that is as it focuses greater on a top level view of different regions and less on in-depth analyses. then again, specialists tend first of all better salaries and are generally enormously sought out inside their domain.
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macrophages arise from which of the following? macrophages arise from which of the following? monocytes eosinophils neutrophils lymphocytes basophils
Macrophages arise from monocytes. Therefore, the first option (monocytes) is the correct answer.
Monocytes are a type of white blood cell that carry out phagocytosis and destroy antigens. They are the largest white blood cells and are involved in innate immunity.
This type of immune cell circulates through the blood for 1–3 days and then migrates to the tissue. In the tissue, they differentiate into dendritic cells and macrophages.
These macrophages help detect and degrade dead cells, tumor cells, and foreign materials. Macrophages are large phagocytic cells. But they are smaller compared to monocytes. They are specialized cells, so they don't differentiate.
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What is the name given to the process by which a parent cell becomes two identical daughter cells?.
The mitotic process produces two identical daughter cells from a parent cell.
How does mitosis work?The process of cell duplication, or reproduction, is called mitosis. where two genetically identical daughter cells are produced from one parent cell. The process of mitosis involves the duplication and distribution of the chromosomes, which contain the genetic code.
As the means of asexual reproduction in single-celled eukaryotes, it is a crucial process. Mitosis' primary purpose is to multiply cells.
In a multicellular creature, which is created from two gametes, life begins with a single cell. As this single celled multicellular organism only carries genetic information in the form of DNA and lacks sufficient cells, mitosis occurs, dividing one cell into two. These two cells divide again via mitosis to produce four, eight, sixteen, and finally thirty-two cells.
It is vital to life because it produces new cells that support growth and replace damaged ones. Depending on the type of cells, it could take a few minutes or several hours. Time, temperature, and chemicals all play a role.
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______ dna is dna that has been cut and spliced together from multiple organisms.
Recombinant DNA is dna that has been cut and spliced together from multiple organisms.
DNA fragments are broken and recombined during the recombination process to create novel allele combinations. The genetic diversity that results from this recombination process at the gene level reflects variations in the DNA sequences of various organisms.
Recombination happens when two DNA molecules trade genetic material with one another. When homologous chromosomes align in pairs and exchange DNA segments during prophase I of meiosis, one of the most notable instances of recombination occurs.
In living things, at least four varieties of spontaneously occurring recombination have been identified: Site-specific recombination, general or homologous recombination, illicit or nonhomologous recombination, and replicative recombination are the four types of recombination.
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If the earth was once cold and then warmed again, what caused the warming?
A mutant dna polymerase that increases the frequency of strand slippage would increase the frequency of which type of mutation?.
A mutant DNA polymerase that increases the frequency of strand slippage might increase the frequency) triplet-repeat growth mutation.
Triplet enlargement is resulting from slippage at some stage in DNA replication or at some stage in DNA repair synthesis. because the tandem repeats have an identical collection to one another, base pairing among two DNA strands can take region at more than one factor alongside the sequence.
Repeat expansion issues are a category of genetic illnesses which are a result of expansions in DNA repeats. The DNA repeats are available in diverse sizes from single nucleotides to dodecamers or longer. the threshold at which the repeat expansions emerge as symptomatic varies with the unique disease.
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Which of the following statements is correct regarding the functions channel members perform?
A. Channel members do not get involved in financinglong dash—in other words, the acquisition and use of funds to cover the costs of the channel work.
B. Finding and engaging customers and potential buyers is not a function performed by channel members.
C. Channel members fulfill a variety of functions, but in doing so do not take any risks.
D. Channel members create greater efficiencies than manufacturers could achieve on their own.
E. Manufacturers can decrease costs by taking on more channel functions.
D. Channel members create greater efficiencies than manufacturers could achieve on their own.
An organization or group of organizations that transports a good from a manufacturer to a customer is known as a marketing channel (Stern et al., 1996, p. 8). An company or agency that purchases, sells, or transfers ownership of goods or services as they go from the producer to the consumer is referred to as a marketing channel (Rosenbloom 1987, p. 5). Other organizations that just enable the exchange of commodities or services and don't engage in "negotiatory tasks" are excluded (e.g., buying, selling, or transferring title to goods and services).
A producer feeds a wholesaler, who in turn supplies a retailer, making up a highly styled channel. (We will run across increasingly intricate channel topologies during the coming weeks.)
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Which organelle is responsible for packaging proteins for transport outside the cell?.
Proteins are packaged by the Golgi apparatus for transportation outside of the cell.
What is the structure of cells?The outer layer, the nucleus, and the cytoplasm are the three components that make up a cell. Intricate arrangements of microscopic fibers and thousands and thousands of tiny, unique structures known as organelles can be found in the cytoplasm.
Which cell is the smallest?The pathogenic bacteria Mycoplasma gallicepticum is thought to be the tiniest known organism capable has autonomous reproduction. It lives in the respiratory, genital, and urine systems of primates. Mycoplasma is the name of the cell type that was used in the experiment. It has a 0.0001 mm diameter.
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drag the description of each dna sample to the appropriate location to identify the expected appearance of the dna band(s) after density-gradient centrifugation.
The only double helices in DNA that is composed of both 14N and 15N strands are 14N/15N
What is DNA sample?Blood, buccal swabs, hair, teeth, fingernails, tissues from internal organs (including the brain), muscle, and skin can all be taken as samples from unidentified bodies. Oral buccal swabs are the most widely used and trustworthy form of sample collection for DNA testing. In addition to being used as evidence in court, it is also utilized to locate biological relatives, identify bodies, and find disease remedies.
DNA Evidence Types and Analysis:
Short Tandem Repeats (STR), Y-Chromosome, and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR).Cell mitochondrial DNA
Different bands are formed as a result of the different densities of the double helices of the elements 14N/14N, 14N/15N, and 15N/15N. The bands 14N/14N at the top, 14N/15N in the middle, and 15N/15N at the bottom all have a similar shape.
There are only 15N/15N double helices in DNA from cells grown in 15N.
There are only 14N/14N double helices in the DNA of cells grown in 14N.
Both 14N/14N and 15N/15N double helices can be found in a 1:1 mixture of DNA produced by cells grown in 14N and 15N.
It contains 14N/14N, 14N/15N, and 15N/15N double helices when DNA from cells grown in 14N and 15N is heated and then cooled in a 1:1 ratio
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what does transformation involve in bacteria? a. the creation of a strand of dna from an rna molecule b. the creation of a strand of rna from a dna molecule c. assimilation of external dna into a cell d. the infection of cells by a phage dna molecule
Transformation in bacteria involves assimilation of external DNA into a cell, which means option C is the right answer.
Transformation in bacteria is the process by which the bacteria takes in external DNA. This process is used in DNA cloning. DNA means deoxyribose nucleic acid, which the genetic or hereditary material present in all organisms. All the organisms have different DNA sequencing. During transformation, it is needed that bacteria is competent enough to take up foreign genetic material. Bacteria are prokaryotic in nature that is they do not have membrane bound nucleus, due to which it is easy for them to take DNA material from their surrounding environment. This process is widely used by researchers to obtain medicines for several diseases such as human insulin for diabetes.
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