The optical brightener absorbs the UV rays.
What is optical brighteners?
Because of the way they reflect light, optical brightening, also known as optical bleaches, are finishes that produce the appearance of extreme whiteness and brightness. These substances contain fluorescent colorless dyes, which increases the reflection of blue light.
What is reflection?
When light reflects off of something, it happens. The light will reflect at the same angle from a smooth and shining surface, such as glass, water, or polished metal.
Chemical compounds known as optical brighteners, optical brightening agents (OBAs), fluorescent brightening agents (FBAs), or fluorescent whitening agents (FWAs), absorb light in the ultraviolet and violet region of the electromagnetic spectrum (typically between 340 and 370 nm) and then fluoresce, reemitting light in the blue region of the spectrum (typically between 420 and 470 nm).
These additives have a "whitening" effect, which makes naturally yellow-orange materials appear less yellow or orange by making up for the lack of blue and purple light reflection by the substance's fluorophore's optical emission, which is blue and purple.
Therefore, we can conclude that it is true.
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Calculate the molarity of 95. 0 ml of a solution that is 0. 92 % by mass nacl. Assume the density of the solution is the same as pure water.
The mass of the solute will be 0.874 grams.
What is the mass of the molarity?
Molarity = Number of moles of solute/ volume of solution.
The mass percentage of the compound is given by % =
Mass of solute/ Mass of Solution x 100
According to the given equation,
The volume of the solution is 95.0 ml
The density of the solution is equal to the density of pure water that is 1g / mL.
Therefore the mass of solution is calculated by
Mass = Density x Volume
= 1 g/ mL x 95.0 mL
= 95.0 gm
If the main percentage is 0.92 % then,
Mass of solute
0.92 = Mass of solute / 95.00 gm x 100
Mass of solute = 0.874 gm
Hence the mass of solute is 0.874 gm.
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When determining the mass of an atom, the electrons are not considered. Why can scientists disregard the electrons?.
The electrons are so much lighter than the protons and neutrons that they don't contribute much to the atom's mass.
What is atom's mass?
An atom's mass is its atomic mass (ma or m). Atomic mass is frequently stated in the non-SI unit dalton (symbol: Da), or unified atomic mass unit, even though the SI unit of mass is the kilogram (symbol: kg) (u). One Da is equal to one-twelfth of the mass of a free carbon-12 atom in its ground state. Nearly majority of an atom's mass is made up of its protons and neutrons, with the electrons and nuclear binding energy making up the remainder. As a result, the atomic mass has a value that is virtually identical to the mass number when given in daltons.
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7. The horizontal rows of the periodic
table are called
a. periods.
b. columns.
d.
c. groups.
families loups
Answer:
periods
Explanation:
0.01 mol of Ag₂O in grams
Answer:
2.317358 grams hope this helps!
Explanation:
true or false? at the end of a precipitation reaction, you can recover (or obtain) the colored solid (the precipitate).
an unknown sugar is found to have a molar mass of 180.18 g/mol. the sugar contains: 40 grams of c, 6.7 grams of h, and 53.3 grams of o. find the molecular formula of this sugar.
C6H12O6 is the molecular formula for 6-carbon monosaccharides, such as glucose, fructose, and galactose , is the molecular formula of this sugar .
What is molecular formula ?
A molecular formula indicates the type and number of atoms of each element present in a molecular compound. In many cases the molecular formula is the same as the molecular formula. The molecular formula for methane is CH4, and since it contains only one carbon atom, so is the molecular formula. However, sometimes the molecular formula is a simple integer multiple of the molecular formula. Acetic acid is an organic acid . Its molecular formula is C2H4O2. Glucose is a simple sugar that cells use as their primary source of energy. Its molecular formula is C6H12O6. The structures of both molecules are shown. Although they are very different compounds, they both have the same molecular formula CH2O.
We first need to find the empirical formula, which represents the smallest whole number ratio of elements in the compound. After we determine the empirical formula, we determine the empirical molar mass.
If the empirical molar mass is the same as the molecular molar mass, then the empirical formula is also the molecular formula.
If the empirical molar mass is not the same as the molecular molar mass, we divide the molecular molar mass by the empirical molar mass, which will give us the factor to multiply by the subscripts in the empirical formula. This will give the molecular formula.
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In the chemical reaction, Fe(s) + 2HCl(aq) →FeCl2 (aq) + gas, the gas evolved is A helium. B oxygen.C chlorine.D hydrogen.
Answer:
The correct option is A Hydrogen
Explanation:
The correct option is A Hydrogen
Iron on reaction with hydrochloric acid, replaces the hydrogen from the acid and forms ferrous chloride. Hydrogen gas is evolved during the reaction in the form of bubbles.
Fe (s) + 2HCl (aq) → FeCl2 (aq) +H2 (g)
what is the wavelength of 1.28x10^17HZ
n this project, you will build a simple unix shell to replace sh provided by the linux kernel. the shell is the command-line interface, and thus central to any unix/c programming environment. mastering use of the shell is necessary to become proficient in this world; knowing how the shell itself is built is the focus of this project. there are three specific objectives for this assignment:
Any unix/c programming environment's command-line interface, or shell, is essential. To succeed in this world, one must learn how to use the shell effectively.
int main (int argc, char **argv)
{
while (1){
int childPid;
char * cmdLine;
printPrompt();
cmdLine= readCommandLine();
//or GNU readline("");
cmd = parseCommand(cmdLine);
command is record in list of history(GNU readline history ?)
if ( isBuiltInCommand(cmd)){
executeBuiltInCommand(cmd);
}
else {
childPid = fork();
if (childPid == 0){
executeCommand(cmd); //calls execvp
} else {
if (isBackgroundJob(cmd)){
record in list of background jobs
} else {
waitpid (childPid);
}
}
}
}
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the mixed acid fermentation test uses which reagent to indicate a positive reaction? oxidase catalase methyl red barritt
The mixed acid fermentation test uses a reagent to indicate a positive reaction is methyl red.
Oxidase tests often use one reagent, tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine dihydrochloride. This test is used to determine the fermentation pathways used to utilize glucose. In mixed acid fermentation, glucose is fermented to produce some organic acids. When methyl red is added to MR-VP cultures inoculated with E. coli, the color remains red.
This is a positive MR test result. The addition of methyl red to MR-VP broth inoculated with Enterobacter cloacae turns it yellow. This is a negative MR result. Our Methyl Red reagent is an indicator used to show the pH of broth cultures in the Methyl Red test. The methyl red test is used to demonstrate an organism's ability to produce and maintain acidic end-products from glucose fermentation.
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part iii. determination of the molar mass of the vapor trial 1 trial 2 7. molar mass of vapor g/mol g/mol (show calculations)
The molar mass of the vapor of trial 1 and trial 2 will be 54.68 g/mol and 57.68 g/mol respectively.
For Trial 1:
(Following values are missing in question)
T = 101 °C or 374.15 K
P = 760 mmHg or 1 atm
V = 292 ml or 0.92 L
R= O.08206 L.atm.K⁻¹.mol⁻¹
mass of vapor (m) = 0.52 g
Calculate the molar mass of vapor by using the ideal gas law
PV =(m/M) RT
Rearrange it for molar mass
M = mRT / PV
M = 0.52 g × 0.08206 L.atm.K⁻¹.mol⁻¹ × 374.15 K / 1 atm × 0.92 L
M = 54.68 g/mol
For Trial 2:
(Following values are missing in question)
T = 373.15 K
P = 1 atm
V = 0.292 L
R= O.08206 L.atm.K⁻¹.mol⁻¹
mass of vapor (m) = 0.55 g
Calculate the molar mass of vapor by using the ideal gas law
PV =(m/M) RT
Rearrange it for molar mass
M = mRT / PV
M = 0.55 g × 0.08206 L.atm.K⁻¹.mol⁻¹ × 373.15 K / 1 atm × 0.292 L
M = 57.68 g/mol
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Are metals fcc or BCC?
A Face Center Cubic Structure (fig. la), a Body Centered Cubic Structure (fig. lb), or an Hexagonal Close Packed structure (fig. lc) characterizes the majority of common metals.
Metal crystal structures, also known as the cubic-closest-packed (CCP) or face-centered cubic (FCC) lattice. In fcc lattices, copper, silver (Ag), and gold (Au) crystallize. The closest feasible packing of spheres can be seen in the hcp and fcc structures, where spheres occupy 74% of the volume.
One atom in the middle and eight eighths from each corner make up the BCC unit cell's total of two atoms. The eight atoms at the unit cell's corners and the single atom positioned in the center of each face are present in the FCC layout as well. With the neighboring cell, the atom in the face is shared.
Despite having more slip systems than FCC, the slip planes of BCC materials are not as densely packed. As a result, FCC materials are more ductile than BCC and have a tendency to distort more easily. The BCC materials are more durable and robust than the FCC ones.
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65 g of nitric acid are produced in a reaction. 2. 5 g of platinum are added to the reaction vessel at the start of the reaction to act as a catalyst. How much platinum will there be left in the vessel at the end of the reaction?.
2..5 grams of platinum will be there at the end of the reaction, because Platinum is the catalyst here.
Catalyst is a substance that can be added to a chemical reaction to increase the rate of reaction without getting itself consumed in the reaction. It just acts as a driving force for the reaction and it itself does not take part in the chemical reaction.
Catalysts basically speeds up a reaction by reducing the activation energy or also by changing the reaction mechanism. Enzymes are proteins that act as catalysts in the biological systems.
In the above given question if 2.5 grams of platinum is added to the reaction vessel then at the end of the reaction 2.5 grams of platinum itself will be remaining because it acts as a catalyst here.
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what volume of hydrogen is produced, at 567 torr and 24.3c when 4.50 grams of magnesium reacts with excess hydrochloric acid
According to equation 1, magnesium reacts with hydrochloric acid to create hydrogen gas. When the acid and magnesium react, hydrogen gas is produced. This gas is captured by water displacement, and its volume is measured.
The chemical equation below describes how magnesium metal (Mg) and hydrochloric acid (HCl) react to generate magnesium chloride (MgCl2) and hydrogen gas (H2). Mg (s) + 2 HCl (aq) MgCl2 (aq) + H2 (g)
What is Hydrochloric acid ?An aqueous solution of hydrogen chloride is what is known as hydrochloric acid, commonly referred to as muriatic acid. It has an unmistakably strong odor and is colorless. It is categorized as a powerful acid. In the digestive tracts of the majority of animal species, including humans, it is a part of the stomach acid.
Since HCl typically has a pH of 3, it is considered a strong acid. Because it entirely dissociates into H+ and Cl- ions in an aqueous solution, it is a strong acid.
When hydrogen chloride is present in the air in large proportions, breathing can be dangerously difficult and even deadly. Chemical burns from hydrochloric acid can be extremely painful if they come into contact with skin or other tissues.
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which of the following statements about nonmetal anions are true?
A. Nonmetals tend to form anions by gaining electrons to form a noble gas configuration.
B. Nonmetals do not tend to form anions.
C. Anions of nonmetals tend to be isoelectronic with a noble gas.
D. Nonmetals tend to form anions by losing electrons to form a noble gas configuration.
Nonmetals tend to form anions by gaining electrons to form a noble gas configuration.
Non-metals typically have a high charge/size ratio.
Consequently, electrons are drawn to them.
Since they have two options for achieving noble gas configuration, they often aim to fulfill their octate.
First, free electrons. Secondly, it acquires electrons since it is simple to remove one or two electrons from non-metals due to their high charge/size ratio. However, getting rid of them all would be like pushing a mountain. You require superhuman power, or a lot of energy, for this. The same is true for non-metals; to remove every electron, you would need an enormous amount of energy that is not conceivable thermodynamically. If they acquire an electron, they can readily achieve the configuration of a noble gas because they naturally attract electrons.
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Select all that apply. Among the compounds below, identify those that have a chirality axis. A: (CH_3)_3C- B: (CH_3)_3C- X: H- Y:G- A: (CH_3)_3C- B: H- X: (CH_3)_3C- Y: H- A: (CH_3)_3C- B: (CH_3)_3C- X: (CH_3)_3C- A: (CH_3)_3C- B: H- X: H-
The second option i.e. A: (CH3)C-, B: H-, X:CH3)C-, Y: H-, has a chiral axes.
What do you mean by chirality axis?
In science, pivotal chirality is an exceptional instance of chirality wherein a particle contains two sets of synthetic gatherings in a non-planar plan about a hub of chirality so the particle isn't superposable on its mirror image. The hub of chirality (or chiral hub) not set in stone by a compound bond that is compelled against free revolution either by steric obstruction of the gatherings, as in subbed biaryl mixtures like BINAP, or by torsional firmness of the bonds, as in the C=C twofold bonds in allenes, for example, glutinic corrosive. Pivotal chirality is most generally seen in subbed biaryl compounds wherein the turn about the aryl bond is limited so it results in chiral atropisomers, as in different ortho-subbed biphenyls, and in binaphthyls like BINAP.
Pivotal chirality contrasts from focal chirality (point chirality) in that hub chirality doesn't need a chiral focus like an uneven carbon particle, the most widely recognized type of chirality in natural mixtures. Attaching to hilter kilter carbon has the structure Cabcd where a, b, c, and d should be unmistakable gatherings. Allenes have the structure abC=C=Ccd and the gatherings need not all be particular insofar as gatherings in each pair are unmistakable: abC=C=Cab is adequate for the compound to be chiral, as in penta-2,3-dienedioic corrosive. Essentially, chiral atropisomers of the structure abC−Ccd might have a few indistinguishable gatherings (abC−Cab), as in BINAP.
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periodic trends worksheet 1. indicate whether the following trends increase or decrease as you move from left to right across the periodic table. a. atomic radius b. first ionization energy c. electronegativity (excluding noble gases) 2. indicate whether the following trends increase or decrease as you move down a column of the periodic table.
The atomic radius will be decreases then the first ionization energy will increases and electronegativity will increases from left to right across the periodic table
The horizontal rows in the periodic table are periodsSo when we move from left to right in the period the number of electron and effective nuclear charge increases due to which the following properties are increasesElectronegativity is an ability of an atom to attract shared pair of electron toward itselfFirst ionization enthalpy is an amount of energy required to remove an outermost electron from an isolated gaseous atom in its ground stateElectron affinity is an amount of energy released when an electron is added to a neutral atom or molecule to form a negative ionThe atomic radius of the element decreases on moving left to right in a period due to high nuclear charge electron is highly attracted toward the nucleusSo that atomic radius will be decreases then the first ionization energy will increases and electronegativity will increases from left to right across the periodic table
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which of the following solutions is a good buffer system? group of answer choices a solution that is 0.10 m hcn and 0.10 m licn a solution that is 0.10 m naoh and 0.10 m hno3 a solution that is 0.10 m nacl and 0.10 m hcl a solution that is 0.10 m hno3 and 0.10 m kno3
0.10 M HCN and 0.10 M LiCN solution is a good buffer system among the given options.
A buffer system consists of a weak acid and its conjugate base. The main function of the buffer solution is to resist the change in pH. Among the given options the first option has HCN as acid and LiCN as the conjugate base. In the second option, HNO₃ is used as an acid, as HNO3 is a strong acid so it is not suitable for a good buffer solution. In the third option, HCl is used as an acid which is also a strong acid so not suitable for a buffer solution. In the last option again HNO₃ is used as an acid which is a strong acid. So the best option is the 1st one having HCN, which is a weak acid.
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Write the condensed ground-state electron configuration of the transition metal ion mn2+.
The condensed ground-state electron configuration of the transition metal ion [tex]Mn^{2+}[/tex] is [Ar] [tex]3d^{5}[/tex]
The electronic configuration of an element is the symbolic notation of the manner in which the electrons of its atoms are distributed in the periodic table over different atomic orbitals. While writing electron configurations, standardized rules are followed in which the energy level and the type of orbital are generally written first, followed by the number of electrons present in the orbital which is written in superscript.
In case of Manganese atomic number of the atom is 25. When we follow Aufbau principle the electronic configuration is [tex]1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{2}3p^{6}4s^{2}3d^{5}[/tex] if we have to write it in a compact form we can write as [Ar][tex]3d^{5}4s^{2}[/tex]. In case of [tex]Mn^{2+}[/tex] we have to remove electron from the higher most orbital that is 4s so now the electronic configuration will be become [Ar][tex]3d^{5}[/tex].
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A pipet is used to transfer 5.00 mL of a 1.25 M stock solution in flask "S" to a 25.00-mL volumetric flask "B," which is then diluted with DI H20 to the calibration mark. The solution is thoroughly mixed. Next, 2.00 mL of the solution in volumetric flask "A" is transferred by pipet to a 50.00-ml volumetric flask "B" and then diluted with DI H20 to the calibration mark. Calculate the molarity of the solution in vol- umetric flask "B."
The molarity of the solution in the volumetric flask B is 0.0100 M.
This problem is solved firstly by using the concept of dilution formula which can be written as below:
M1V1 = M2V2
Given,
M1 = 1.25 M
V1 = 5 ml
V2 = 25 ml
By substituting all the values, we get
1.25 × 5 = M2 × 25 ml
M2 = 1.25 × 5 / 25
M2 = 0.25 M
Now,
Volume of solution pipet from volumetric flask A V2 = 2 ml
Molarity of solution in volumetric flask 'A' = 0.25 M = M2
Volume Volume of solution in volumetric flask B (V3) = 50 ml
Again by using dilution formula,
M2V2 = M3V3
By substituting all the values, we get
0.25 × 2 = M3 × 50 ml
M3 = 0.0100 M
Thus, we concluded that the molarity of the solution in the volumetric flask B is 0.0100 M.
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if a nitrogen atom and a slightly heavier oxygen atom have equal average speeds, which has the greater kinetic energy? group of answer choices more information is needed. both have the same. nitrogen. oxygen.
If nitrogen atom and a slightly heavier oxygen atom have equal average speeds, then the greater kinetic energy is greater for : oxygen.
How is average speed of atoms related to kinetic energy?Kinetic energy is directly proportional to the speed of the molecules such that as speed of the colliding molecules increases, so does the total kinetic energy of all the gas molecules.
With the increase in temperature, particles obtain kinetic energy and move faster. The average speed of the particles depends on the mass and the temperature. Heavier particles move slowly as compared to lighter ones at the same temperature.
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If metals and non-metals make bonds and non-metals and non-metals make bonds, can metals and metals do the same? How?
The metals loses electrons forming cations while on the other hand, the non-metals gains the electrons forming anions.
What happens when non-metals bond with non-metals?Covalent bonding is a type of bonding linking two non-metallic atoms which are distinguished by the sharing of pairs of electrons joining atoms and other covalent bonds. An ionic bond is the force of appeal that holds together positive and negative ions. It forms when atoms of a metallic element loses electrons to atoms of a nonmetallic element. Ionic bonds form only allying metals and nonmetals. When two nonmetals bond, they share pairs of electrons in a covalent bond and both gets stability.
So w can conclude that A covalent bond is formed between two non-metals. The sharing of electron pairs takes place between their atoms and a covalent bond is formed.
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cOUNTS TOWARDS GRADE Write electron configurations for cations Key for entering electron configuration information Key for entering orbital box information u- electron with spin "up" Enter answer on one line WITHOUT superscripts Separate each subshell with a space d = electron with spin "down". Always start with spin up. Leave empty orbitals blank. Example: Neon (1s22s22p6) should be entered as 1s2 2s2 2p6 Write the electron configurations for the following ions using spectroscopic (spdf) and orbital box notation. (a) K+ Full electron configuration - (do not use noble gas notation) Orbital box notation: 1s 2 3s (b) Ti2+ Noble gas electron configuration - Orbital box notation: 3d Check & Submit Answer Show Approach
The full form of the electronic configurations are :
a) K⁺ = 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶
b) Ti⁺² = 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d²
a) the electronic configuration of potassium , K with atomic number 19 is as follows :
K = 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s¹
K⁺ ion losses one electron from the outermost shell.
K⁺ = 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶
b) the electronic configuration of titanium , Ti with atomic number 22 is :
Ti = 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d² 4s²
Ti⁺² = 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d²
Thus, The full form of the electronic configurations are :
a) K⁺ = 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶
b) Ti⁺² = 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d²
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contact lens disinfection large-scale drinking water disinfection sterilization of laboratory glasswares low-temperature sterilizing cabinets for colonoscopes wound cleansing disinfection of countertops and other environmental surfaces large, enclosed spaces in hospital settings hydrogen peroxide
The given question is incomplete and the complete question is
Select the appropriate uses of hydrogen peroxide for antimicrobial purposes.
contact lens disinfection
skin antisepsis prior to surgery
sterilization of laboratory glassware
low temperature sterilizing cabinets for colonoscopes
wound cleansing
disinfection of countertops and other environmental surfaces
Appropriate uses of hydrogen peroxide for antimicrobial purposes is contact lens disinfection, low temperature sterilizing cabinets for colonoscopes, wound cleansing
Hydrogen peroxide is widely used in antimicrobial chemical and it is used both liquid and gases form fir preservative and disinfection and sterilization and application and its advantage include its potent and broad spectrum and antimicrobial activity, flexibility in use and safety in comparison to other microbicides and appropriate used are contact lens disinfection, low temperature sterilizing cabinets for colonoscopes, wound cleansing in the antimicrobial purposes
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a sealed rigid vessel contains bao2(s) in equilibrium with bao(s) and o2(g) as represented by the equation above. which of the following changes will increase the amount of bao2(s) in the vessel?
In this case , Removing a small amount of BaO will increase the amount of bao2(s) in the vessel.
What do you mean by Barium oxide ?
Barium oxide , BaO. Barium oxide is found to be white and is non-flammable. It is mostly used in cathode ray tubes, catalysts, crown glass, and solvent-killing agents because of its cubic structure. Sir Humphry Davy was known as the discovered. Barium oxide has a total monoisotopic mass of 153.9 g/mol.
Uses of Barium oxide is used in the isomer separation process.
It is widely used in the production of fuel and as a reducing agent.It is a fantastic oxidising agent.Hence, In this case , Removing a small amount of BaO will increase the amount of bao2(s) in the vessel.
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janice looks up the structure of ice. she has been told it has hydrogen bonding. she learns that while most solids sink in their liquid counterparts, ice floats. she wants to know how to explain this based on hydrogen bonding. can you research this and then explain it to her?
Ice floats because it is about 9% less dense than liquid water. In other words, because ice occupies approximately 9% more space than water, a litre of ice weighs less than a litre of water. Because heavier water displaces lighter ice, ice floats to the surface.
As a result, lakes and rivers freeze from top to bottom, allowing fish to survive even when the lake's surface has frozen over. If ice sank, the water would rise to the surface and be exposed to colder temperatures, causing rivers and lakes to fill with ice and freeze solid.
What is hydrogen bonding?
Hydrogen bonding is not a covalent bond to a hydrogen atom, but rather a type of dipole-dipole attraction between molecules. The attractive force between a hydrogen atom covalently bonded to a very electronegative atom such as an N, O, or F atom and another very electronegative atom causes it.
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Is there a chemical element beginning with J?
Answer:The Letter J on the Periodic Table. The letter J was the element symbol for iodine in Mendeleev's 1871 periodic table. You won't find the letter “J” on the IUPAC periodic table of the element
Explanation:
There is no such element beginning with J in the periodic table.
What is an element?
A chemical element is a type of atom with a particular number of protons in the nucleus, such as the specific compound made up entirely of that species. Chemical elements, unlike chemical compounds, cannot be broken down into simpler substances by any chemical reaction. The number of protons in the nucleus is an element's defining attribute, and it is symbolised by the symbol Z - all atoms with the same atomic number are atoms of the same element. Atoms are rearranged into new compounds linked together by chemical bonds when various elements undergo chemical reactions.
There is no such element beginning with J in the periodic table.
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4. What mass of ethanol that has a volume of 75.0 mL?
Mass of ethanol that has a volume of 75.0 mL is 591 g
Ethanol is used in the manufacture of drugs, plastics, lacquers, polishes, plasticizers, and cosmetics
Here given data is
Volume = 75.0 mL
Density = 789kg/m³
We have to calculate mass of ethanol = ?
So the formula is density = mass/volume
Mass = volume × density
Mass = 75.0 mL×789kg/m³
Mass = 591 g
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When preparing a solution in a cuvette, make sure to handle the cuvette by the choose. And avoid touching the choose. . Then, choose. The cuvette before placing it in the spectrophotometer.
When preparing a solution in a cuvette, make sure to handle the cuvette by the textured side and avoid touching the smooth sides. Then, wipe down the cuvette before placing it in the spectrophotometer.
The cuvette is made up of silica quartz. So care must be ensured before using a cuvette. Gloves free from powder must always be worn when handling cuvettes. The most common cause of cuvette malfunction and unreliable readings is fingerprints. To prevent any harm to the lower region of the cell where the light enters, cuvettes should always be held by the upper component of the cell.
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explain why absorbance (and not %transmittance) is the important measurement in determining the concentration of a substance (4 sentences at least please) in solution. (25 points)
One factor that influences the absorbance of a sample is the concentration (c). The expectation would be that, as the concentration goes up, more radiation is absorbed and the absorbance goes up. Therefore, the absorbance is directly proportional to the concentration.
What is beer lamberts law ?
The third factor is known as molar absorbance (ε), where concentrations are given in moles/liter and path lengths are given in centimeters. Some research areas talk more about extinction coefficients. When spectroscopy is used to measure the concentration of a sample, a specific wavelength of radiation is selected to irradiate the sample. As you probably know from other experience, certain chemical species absorb certain wavelengths of radiation and not others. Molar absorptivity is a measure of how much a species absorbs at a particular wavelength of radiation to which it is exposed. The process of absorbing electromagnetic radiation involves the excitation of species from ground states to higher energy excited states. This process is called an excited transition, and excited transitions have probabilities of occurrence. It is appropriate to talk about the allowed range of possible energy transitions within a chemical species. Some migrations are more legal or cheaper than others. Very favorable or very acceptable transitions have high molar absorptivity. Only slightly favorable or slightly tolerant transitions have low molar absorptivities. The higher the molar extinction coefficient, the higher the absorption. Therefore, molar absorbance is directly proportional to absorbance.
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