next, you begin to clean your data. when you check out the column headings in your data frame you notice that the first column is named company...maker.if.known. (note: the period after known is part of the variable name.) for the sake of clarity and consistency, you decide to rename this column maker (without a period at the end). assume the first part of your code chunk is: flavors df %>%

For a neutral molecule, the sum of individual oxidation states is 0. Since the oxidation states of Nitrogen and oxygen have already been found in previous steps, the oxidation state of manganese can be found by simple substitution.

Answer: The oxidation states for manganese, nitrogen and oxygen are as +2, +5 and -2 respectively.

The oxidation state, commonly known as the oxidation number, is the potential charge that an atom would have if all of its bonds to other atoms were fully ionic. It describes the degree of atom oxidation within a chemical compound. The oxidation state may be positive, negative, or zero in theory.

The oxidation state of an atom refers to the total number of electrons that have been added to (forming a negative oxidation state) or subtracted from (producing a positive oxidation state) an element to bring it to its current state.

The oxidation number of a free, neutral element is zero, according to one of these oxidation laws. The charge of a monoatomic ion is equal to the number of its oxidations. The oxidation number for Group IA elements is always 1. The oxidation number for Group IIA elements is always +2.

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The bond dissociation energy, in KJ, to break 1 bond in 1 mole of co₂ molecules is 1644 kJ.

The bond-dissociation strength is one measure of the power of a chemical bond A−B. it is able to be described as the standard enthalpy alternate whilst A−B is cleaved by way of homolysis to present fragments A and B, which are generally radical species.

Calculation:-

The bond dissociation energy of CO₂ is 1644 kJ.

It is an experimental value.

The bond between silicon and fluorine is stated to have the strongest bond dissociation enthalpy. Covalent bonds among atoms or molecules are stated to have susceptible bond dissociation energies.

The bond dissociation energy is the strength required in an endothermic process—to break a bond and shape two atomic or molecular fragments, each with one electron of the authentic shared pair. for this reason, a very solid bond has a large bond dissociation strength extra power needs to be delivered to cleave the bond.

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Answer:

The car is carrying a volume of air that is moving at 80 mph relative to the ground. But inside the car itself, the air not moving very much. If you take the windshield out and drive a 80 mph you will smash the fly onto the back window.

Explanation:

.

Ammonia can form nitrite, which can then be converted into nitrate. Both can be taken in by plants. This process is known as nitrification.

The nitrogen cycle refers to the processes by which nitrogen is cycled between the living and non-living components of the environment.

The nitrogen cycle consists of processes that add as well as remove nitrogen from the soil and the atmosphere.

Plants require nitrogen for growth. This nitrogen is sourced mainly from the atmosphere. Nitrogen is the most abundant gas in the atmosphere, however, it exists in a form that is not readily available to plants.

Hence several processes such as nitrogen fixation, nitrification, and ammonia conversion are required for plants to obtain nitrogen.

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False. Because the scientific study of behavior of the substances near 0k is called cryogenics.

The behavior of the substance at very low temperature is called cryogenics. This is the branch of engineering that involves the study of very low temperatures that are below 123k.Rapid moving molecules in a substance  have a higher temperature than slower moving molecules. Ultra cold temperature changes the chemical properties of materials. It is used to produce cryogenic field  for rockets MRI machines, storing large quantity of food. It is also used in freezing blood sample and tissues. This is also use preservation of organs.

Pyrogenic is the formation of the particle by means of flame oxidation of metals in gas phase. This is the study of temperature between 1000c to 2400c.this is produced by producing heat.it generally produced in human body caused by fever.

So, the behavior of a substance at 0k is called cryogenics not pyrogenic.

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Under conditions of excess oxygen, rubisco will use o2 instead of co2 and less carbon is fixed. This process is called Photorespiration.

What is Photorespiration?

Photorespiration is the process by which molecular oxygen (O2) is taken up by light and carbon dioxide (CO2) is released from organic compounds. The gas exchange is similar to respiration and works in the opposite direction of photosynthesis, where CO2 is fixed and O2 is released.

Carbon fixation produces two molecules, 3-phosphoglycerate (PGA), which enter the Calvin cycle and eventually form sugars.

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100.0 mL of a solution containing copper was mixed in it. At 620 nm, this solution's absorbance was 0.477.

Contained, present, or taking place in a constrained region or area: not dispersed. a light beam that is extremely focused. 3. fervent, fervent a task requiring numerous hours of focused work.

A liquid that has had its water removed has been strengthened by concentration. Use concentrated apple or apricot juice, honey, or both moderately to sweeten food. Condensed, rich, undiluted, and reduced are synonyms for Additional words for concentration.

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Well .you know that PV= nRT.

Explanation:

..and so we access the molar quantity...

n=PVRT=758⋅Torr760⋅Torr⋅atm−1×122⋅mL×10−3⋅L⋅mL0.0821⋅L⋅atmK⋅mol⋅323.15⋅K

=4.59×10−3⋅mol... and please note that if you go thru the quotient the units cancel out to give 1mol−1=11mol= mol  AS REQUIRED....

And then continuing the torture with units, we take the product...

=4.59×10−3⋅mol×39.9⋅g⋅mol−1=0.183⋅g.

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Answer: get frogged person

Explanation:

The ground state electronic configuration has the lowest energy distribution of the electrons. correct option is (A).

The energy associated to an electron is that of its orbital. The energy of configuration is often approximated as the sum of the energy of each electron, neglecting the electron electron interactions.

The configuration that corresponds to the lowest electronic energy is called the ground state. Any other configuration is an excited state.

As an example, the ground state configuration of the sodium atom is 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s1, as deduced from Aufbau principle.

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The correct option for chemically balanced equation is - d. 3Fe + 4[tex] H_{2}[/tex]O > [tex] Fe_{3}[/tex][tex] O_{4}[/tex] + [tex] H_{2}[/tex].

The mentioned chemically balanced reaction states reaction between iron and water to produce iron oxide and hydrogen. Fe represents iron, [tex] H_{2}[/tex]O represents water, [tex] Fe_{3}[/tex][tex] O_{4}[/tex] represents iron (II, III) oxide and [tex] H_{2}[/tex] represents hydrogen.

Iron oxides are commonly found in human body and environment. It is present in body as haemoglobin and in nature as ores. The applications are as catalyst, paints, concretes, thermites etc. Iron oxides possess multiple properties including large surface area, magnetic properties and low toxicity. The low toxicity makes it a suitable candidate for therapeutic purposes in human body by participating in drug delivery, magnetic coatings, biosensors, and other purposes like wastewater purification, magnetic data storage etc.

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MCPBA is useful reagent for epoxide formation and ketone to ester formation and it epoxidized alkene to epoxide and also oxidize ketone to ester and so we can't selectively epoxidize an alkene if both alkene and ketone are present

Purified mCPBA is a useful reagent for the oxidation of various classes of aldehyde α branches aliphatic aldehydes undergo beayer villiger oxidation to form formates and α bramced α-β unsaturated aldehydes yield enol formates and or epoxides and α hydoxylated aldehydes yield ketone and most aldehydes and ketone have a low celling temprature below ambient temprature that is these compound do not polymerize above room temprature and mCPBA is strong oxidant comparable to other peracid and the advantage of 3 chloroperbenzoic acid is it handling

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The equilibrium constant  for the following reaction. round the answer to significant digits 3.41 × 10⁻⁸.

The reaction is given as :

2NOCl   ----->   2NO   +   Cl₂

The Gibbs energy is given as:

ΔG = ΔG° + RT ln K

at equilibrium ΔG = 0

ΔG° = ∑ ΔG° products - ∑ ΔG° reactants

ΔG° NOCl = 66.3 kJ/mol

ΔG° NO = 87.6 kJ/mol

ΔG°  Cl₂ = 0 kJ /mol

ΔG° = ∑ ΔG° products - ∑ ΔG° reactants

       =  (2 × 87.6 + 0) - (2 × 66.3 )

       = 42.6 kJ /mol

equilibrium constant K = exp (- ΔG° / RT )

                                      =  exp ( - 42.6 / ( 8.314 × 10⁻³ × 298)

                                      = 3.41 × 10⁻⁸

Thus, using any data that can find in the aleks data resource, the equilibrium constant for the following reaction. 2NOCl. The equilibrium constant at for the following reaction. round the answer to significant digits 3.41 × 10⁻⁸.

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The percentage s character and what percent p character are 25% and 75 % respectively.

Sp3 hybridization refers to the integration character of one 2s-orbital and three 2p-orbitals to create 4 hybrid orbitals with similar characteristics. in order for an atom to be sp3 hybridized, it must have an s orbital and 3 p orbitals. whilst 1 s and 2 p are superimposed.

Calculation:-

Sp³ = s + 3P

percentage s character = 1/4 × 100

                                        =  25 %

Percentage P character = 3/4 × 100

                                        = 75%

They shape the sp2 hybrid orbital, and the process is called sp2 hybridization. then again, whilst 1 s is superimposed with three p atomic orbitals, they shape a brand new hybrid orbital, named the sp3 hybridized orbital. Orbitals. Hybridized structures. sp.

The time period sp3 hybridization refers to the integration of a man or woman of one 2s-orbital and three 2p-orbitals to create four hybrid orbitals with comparable traits. in order for an atom to be sp3 hybridized, it needs to have an s orbital and three p orbitals.

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Since you will want to keep the three small vials of vaccine cold ( between 2 and 8 degree Celsius) for up to 24 hours you will need an exothermic reaction.

An exothermic reaction can be defined as the reaction in which the energy is released in the form of heat. when we kept water in the freezer , water molecules releases the heat to the surroundings and tend to freeze to ice form.

Thus, Since you will want to keep the three small vials of vaccine cold ( between 2 and 8 degree Celsius) for up to 24 hours you will need an exothermic reaction.

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The oxygen crosses the plasma membrane if the concentration of oxygen is lower inside the cell than it is outside the cell is by the simple diffusion.

The diffusion can be defined as the process in which the movement of particles takes place from the lower concentration to the higher concentration through a semipermeable membrane. T he oxygen crosses the plasma membrane if the the concentration of oxygen is lower inside the it the outside the cell called as diffusion.

Thus, The oxygen crosses the plasma membrane if the concentration of oxygen is lower inside the cell than it is outside the cell is by the simple diffusion.

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If the specimen is nonliving, then cells be present on glass slide when the specimen is viewed through a microscope.

The Greek words for little and to observe are the origin of the word microscope. Giovanni Faber first used the term "microscope" on April 13, 1625. With the use of a microscope, we can see tiny objects that would otherwise be hidden from vision. Through the act of magnification, or increasing the picture of the item, microscopes help us view tiny objects.

The lowest distance between two objects that produces two pictures that can be distinguished from one another is the resolution of a microscope. For instance, human eyes' resolution is between 0.1 and 0.2 mm. This indicates that two items that are separated by 0.1 to 0.2 mm may be distinguished by human eyes.

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The interstitial fluid surrounding the proximal tubules becomes very salty, with a high osmolality due to Na+ and water exchanging across the epithelium, with water moving into the intestinal fluid and Na+ moving into the tubules.

Proximal tubules is the coiled portion arising from the bowmans capsule. It is situated near the cortex.

The proximal convoluted tubules is formed by a single layer of cuboidal epithelial cells. Characteristic feature of these cells is the presence of hair like projections directed towards the lumen to tubules, because of the presence of these projections, the epithelial cells are called as brush bordered cells.

Substances reabsorbed from proximal tubules are glucose, amino acids, sodium, potassium, calcium, bicarbonates, urea, uric acid, and water.

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STP volume of carbon dioxide gas produced from the combustion of 14.0 g of propane according to the combustion reaction is 20.83 L

What is Combustion reaction?

STP, Volume of CO2 = ?

Combustion reaction of propane:

C3H8 + 5 O2 --> 3 CO2 + 4 H20

Molar mass of C3H8 is 12×3 + 8×1 = 36+8 = 44g/mol

No of moles of C3H8 in 14 g = 14 g / 44 = 0.31 mol

So no of moles of CO2 produced = 3× 0.31 mol

At STP, one mole of any gas occupies a volume of 22.4L

STP volume of CO2 gas is 22.4×3×0.31 = 20.83 L

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Answer:

35/44* 6.022*10^24

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Explanation:

The price will lead to a 7.5 increase in quantity. Option A.

Expanded expenses typically result in a lower call-for and call-for increases commonly result in expanded supply. however, the delivery of different merchandise responds to demand otherwise, with some products' demand being much less touchy to costs than others. A fall in charge leads to an extension of call but makes it less worthwhile for a commercial enterprise to supply the best or carrier affected.

Calculation:-

Demand for laundry detergent is = 1.50

Decrease in price percent = 5%

5 % of 1.50 is = 1.50×5/100

= 0.075 or 7.5.

Economists call this the regulation of demand. If the charge goes up, the amount demanded goes down. If the charge decreases, the quantity demanded will increase. that is the regulation of demand. If greater people want to buy inventory than promote it then the price moves up. Conversely, if greater human beings desired to sell a stock than purchase it there could be a greater supply than called for and the charge would fall. knowledge supply and call for is straightforward.

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The expected mass loss for an 8.87-gram sample of NaOH is 2.00 g.

The expected mass loss of a reaction is the mass of the reactant that is lost from the total mass of the reactant as a result of some of the products escaping as gases.

The expected mass loss for an 8.87 gram sample of NaOH is calculated as follows:

The equation of the decomposition of NaOH is reaction is given below as follows:

From the equation of reaction, 2 moles of NaOH lose 1 mole of water

Molar mass of NaOH = 40 g

Mass of 2 moles of NaOH = 2 * 40 g or 80 g

Molar mass of water = 18 g

Hence, 80 g of NaOH loses a mass of 18 g

8.87 g of NaOH will lose 8.87 * 18/80 g = 2.00 g

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All atoms of a given element contain the same number of protons but different number of neutrons.

The smallest component of ordinary stuff that makes up a chemical element is an atom. Atoms that are neutral or ionized make up every solid, liquid, gas, and form of plasma. Atoms are very tiny, measuring approximately 100 picometers across.

Each atom is made up of a nucleus and one or more electrons that are linked to it. One or more protons and a significant number of neutrons make up the nucleus. Only the most prevalent kind of hydrogen is neutron-free. The nucleus of an atom contains more than 99.94% of its mass.

Although the number of protons in the nucleus is the same for all atoms of the same chemical element, the number of neutrons is not. As a result, atoms of the same chemical element do not always have the same mass.

Thus, option A is correct.

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Electrons are transferred through the respiratory chain from reduced nadh or fadh2 to oxygen in small steps with each step in the pathway associated with a slightly more positive reduction potential.

What is  reduction potential?

Because reduction requires electron gain, an electrode's tendency to gain electrons is referred to as its reduction potential.

The electrode potential is the equilibrium potential difference between the metal electrode and the solution around it. It is also defined as an electrode's proclivity to lose or gain electrons.

When a piece of metal is immersed in a solution of its own ions, a potential difference is formed at the metal-solution contact. The size of the potential difference measures the tendency of electrodes to oxidize or reduce, or to lose or acquire electrons.

The half cell is represented by the metal and the ion, and the reaction is half-reaction. The immersed metal is an electrode, and the potential is caused by a reaction at the electrode's interface, and the solution is known as the electrode potential. Thus, electrode potential is an electrode's proclivity to lose or absorb electrons. The reduction potential is used when the reduction occurs at the electrode.

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Answer:glucose

Explanation:

Energy released during the breakdown of glucose and other organic fuel molecules from carbohydrates, fats, and proteins during glycolysis is captured and stored in ATP.

The first two quantum numbers for the electrons located in subshell 4d is n=4,l=2

For n = 4, l = 2

Here, n represents the principal quantum number

The d in 4d represents d orbital as determined by the secondary quantum number (l).

The quantum number l tells us the shape of the orbital.

l = 0     s orbital

l = 1      p orbital

l = 2     d orbital

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a) A control variable would be the same species of the rat that were used in the entire experiment.

b) A control group is the group of rat that do not have lymphoma.

What is control variable?

The control variable is a group which is unchanged or constant throughout the experiment. They may include temperature, humidity, pressure, experimental techniques, sample volume etc.

In an experiment control variable is the variable which must be kept constant throughout the experiment to keep the outcome of the experiment unaltered. The control group is the one that don't receive the treatment while being tested in an experiment.

Therefore, a control variable would be the same species of the rat used in the entire experiment and control variables are the one which do not have a lymphoma.

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The molar mass of the substance will be "228 g/mol".

Given values are:

Mass of substance = 62.5 g

Number of moles of substance = 0.274 moles

Now,

The Molar mass of the substance will be= Grams/Moles

By substituting the values, we get:

=62.5/0.274

=228g/mol.

What do you mean by molar mass?

Substances occupy room and have mass. Particles, which make up substances, frequently should be estimated in tests, and it is vital that these estimations are exact. Be that as it may, how might we quantify something so little in a precise manner? How would we typically quantify atoms? In the science lab, we utilize a device called a logical equilibrium to quantify in grams.

Through cautious estimation, researchers can decide the quantity of moles a particular response will require. A mole is a unit of measure that assists us with looking at particles of some random substance and its mass. Assuming we definitely know the quantity of moles required, we can utilize the idea of molar mass to ascertain the number of grams of the substance that are required. The molar mass, otherwise called sub-atomic weight, is the amount of the complete mass in grams of the multitude of particles that make up a mole of a specific particle. The unit used to quantify is grams per mole.

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