molecules with a plane of symmetry between the chiral centers are achiral and meso. identify which of the following molecules are meso.

The increasing ionization energy order is Na< Al < B < C.

The ionization energy decreases in groups from top to bottom and increases over time from left to right. Therefore, helium has the highest initial ionization energy and francium has the lowest one. The ionization energy increases because the ratio of protons to electrons increases.

The higher the ionization energy the more difficult it is to remove an electron. Therefore, ionization energy is a measure of reactivity. Ionization energy is important because it can be used to predict the strength of chemical bonds. The process by which electrically neutral atoms or molecules are transformed into charged atoms or molecules by gaining or losing electrons.

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Balanced equations for the following reactions along with the states are:

Zn (s) + 2 HCl (aq)   ZnCl₂ (aq) + H₂ ( g)

Sn (s) + PbSO₄ (s)  →  Pb (s) + SnSO₄ (s)

a. Chemical equation

   Zn (s) + HCl (aq)  →  ZnCl₂ (aq) + H₂ ( g)

   Balanced chemical equation

   Zn (s) + 2 HCl (aq)   ZnCl₂ (aq) + H₂ ( g)

b. Chemical equation

   Sn (s) + PbSO₄ (s)  →  Pb (s) + SnSO₄ (s)

   Balanced chemical equation

   Sn (s) + PbSO₄ (s)  →  Pb (s) + SnSO₄ (s)

c. Chemical equation

   Mg (s) + Cu(NO₃)₂ (aq)  →  Mg(NO₃)₂ (aq) + Cu (s)

   Balanced chemical equation

   Mg (s) + Cu(NO₃)₂ (aq)  →  Mg(NO₃)₂ (aq) + Cu (s)

d. Chemical equation

   Ag (s) + H₂SO₄ (aq)  →  Ag₂SO₄ (aq) + H₂ ( g)

   Balanced chemical equation

   2 Ag (s) + H₂SO₄ (aq)  →  Ag₂SO₄ (aq) + H₂ ( g)

e. Chemical equation

   Fe (s) + H₃PO₄ (aq)  →  Fe₃(PO₄)₂ (aq) + H₂ ( g)

   Balanced chemical equation

   3 Fe (s) + 2 H₃PO₄ (aq)  →  Fe₃(PO₄)₂ (aq) + 3 H₂ ( g)

f. Chemical equation

   Pb (s) + CH₃COOH (aq)  →  Pb(CH₃COO)₂ (s) + H₂ ( g)

   Balanced chemical equation

   Pb (s) + 2 CH₃COOH (aq)  →  Pb(CH₃COO)₂ (s) + H₂ ( g)

(Complete question)

write the equations for the following reactions. Make sure to balance the equation and include the states. a.) zinc metal and hydrochloric acid b) tin metal and lead sulfate c) magnesium metal and copper nitrate d)silver metal and sulfuric acid e) iron metal and phosphoric acid f) lead metal and acetic acid.

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Answer:

im pretty sure its Phosphorus triiodide

The electron configuration for the following ions using full electronic configuration method is :

a) Li⁺ = 1s²

b) V²⁺ = 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d³

1) the electronic configuration of  Li , the full for , the atomic number is 3 is :

Li = 1s² 2s¹

Li⁺ means one electrons is remove from the last shell.

Li⁺ = 1s²

b) the electronic configuration of Vanadium with atomic number 23 is :

V = 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d³

V²⁺ means 2 electrons are remove from the last shell of the atom.

V²⁺ = 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d³

Thus, The electron configuration for the following ions using full electronic configuration method is :

a) Li⁺ = 1s²

b) V²⁺ = 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d³

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Gases obey the ideal-gas law at high temperatures and low pressures.

What is the ideal gas law?

The equation of state for a hypothetical ideal gas is known as the ideal gas law, sometimes known as the general gas equation. Although it has some restrictions, it is a good approximation of the behavior of numerous gases under various circumstances.

PV = nRT

where,

P = pressure

V = volume

n = amount of substance

R = ideal gas constant

T = temperature

Hence, the gases are expected to obey the ideal gas equation at low pressures and high temperatures.

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In the nineteenth century, this material became both less costly and more widely available for construction all of the other answers. Option E.

This historic Mycenaean stone building constructed around 1250 BCE, uses a corbeled arch to span the entryway. This architectural production technique includes two uprights and a crossbeam. A vault is an arched overhead shape that provides a space with a ceiling or roof just like the arch the vault has been around seeing ancient instances.

Set-up art is one of the most effective and immersive of all artwork paperwork. In comparison with conventional mediums along with painting and sculpture, set-up artwork is designed to fill complete rooms or maybe whole gallery spaces. however, it become the Romans who created a rigid stable structure that didn't need any external buttresses or help.

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The particle model represents particles as small solid spheres. The limitations of this simple model are we don’t know the size of the particles, and we don’t know how much space is between particles.

The term particle model is define as a model that describes the arrangement and movement of particles in a substance. This mode is used to explain the physical properties of solid, liquid and gases.

All matter is made up of very small indivisible particles. They are too small to see. These particles do not share the characteristics of the material they make up. There is nothing in the space between the particles that make up matter.

Thus, The limitations of this simple model are we don’t know the size of the particles, and we don’t know how much space is between particles.

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The compound that is made up of exactly two atoms is option B.

The term compound has to do with something that is formed by the combination of two or more atoms. We know that these atoms are components of elements. We have to say here that there is almost no limit to the number of atoms that could be combined in a compound.

Let us look at the images that we have in the options. The compound that would be made up of two a toms would have only two colors of balls in its depiction and that is what we must look out for.

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An aluminum ion will have +3 charge.

The electronic configuration of Aluminum(Al) is 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6. This shows that an aluminum has 3 shells from which the outermost shell contains 3 valence electrons. So, the Aluminum has the tendency to loose maximum 3 electrons which gives Al + charge called cation. The atomic number of Al is 13.

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The stereoisomers of 2-chloro-5-methyl heptane Iis in the 2 chloro 5 methyl hectare.

In stereochemistry, stereoisomerism, or spatial isomerism, is a form of isomerism wherein molecules have an equal molecular method and series of bonded atoms, however, fluctuate inside the 3-dimensional orientations in their atoms in area.

Stereoisomers are isomers that fluctuate inside the spatial arrangement of atoms, in preference to the order of atomic connectivity. one in every of their most exciting sort of isomers is the replicate-image stereoisomer, a non-superimposable set of molecules that are a replicate image of one another. Stereoisomers are isomeric molecules with identical chemical formulas but exceptional atomic arrangements. for this reason, they own similar chemical and physical homes.

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A limiting reagent is one that is completely consumed during a reaction, hence restricting the product's yield. Compared to the limiting reagent, the other reactant(s) are present in excess.

The amount of product that could be produced based on the molar ratios is known as the theoretical yield. The amount that was actually retrieved is divided by the theoretical yield to determine the percent yield. For this amount to be expressed as a percentage, multiply it by 100.

Acetylation is an organic esterification reaction using acetic acid in organic chemistry. It gives a chemical molecule an acetyl group. These substances are known as acetate esters or just acetates. The opposing reaction, deacetylation, involves removing an acetyl group from a chemical molecule.

Deacetylation is the removal of an acetyl group from an organic chemical molecule, whereas acetylation is the introduction of an acetyl functional group (acetoxy group, CH3CO) into an organic chemical compound, specifically the substitution of the acetyl group for a hydrogen atom.

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Endotoxins are also known as: Lipid A. Because the lipid A portion of LPS is the cause of the endotoxin activity.

Lipid A is an endotoxin component responsible for the gram-negative bacteria’s toxicity. The lipid A is the innermost lipopolysaccharide (LPS) that is mainly known as an endotoxin molecule. Endotoxin is a toxin from bacterial cells causing diseases as it disrupts humoral and cellular mediation systems as it disintegrates. Exposure to endotoxin can cause chest tightness, fever, cough, shortness of breath, and wheezing. Hence, endotoxins are in fact lipid A.

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The product formed in the reaction of 2−methyl−1−butene with bromine in water will be 1-bromo-2-methylbutan-2-ol (Structure attached)

A reaction mechanism is a representation of step by step transfer of electrons and molecules from one compound to another compound. In reaction mechanisms, the curved arrows show the moment of electrons.

In the reaction mechanism of 2-methylbut-1-ene the double bond of 2-methylbut-1-ene act as an attacking group and attacks Br₂. As a result, one Br atom gets attached to 2-methylbut-1-ene. This results in a cyclic brominium ion generation, which makes the neighboring carbon more substituted. Water molecule then attacks on the more substituted carbon and 1-bromo-2-methylbutan-2-ol will generate as the major product.

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5.323 gm is the theoretical yield and 133.5 is the percentage yield .

What is chemical reaction ?

Chemical reaction is a  process in which one or more substances are transformed into one or more other substances (products). Substances are either chemical elements or compounds. Chemical reactions rearrange the constituent atoms of reactants to produce different substances as products.

Chemical reactions are an integral part of technology, culture, and even life itself. Fuel combustion, iron smelting, glass and pottery making, beer brewing, and wine and cheese making are just a few examples. Activities involving chemical reactions that have been around for thousands of years. Chemical reactions are more in a variety of processes occurring in the Earth's geology, atmosphere and oceans, and in all biological systems.

Cl2 is limiting reagent , moles of cl2 = 0.091

moles of NaCl = 0.121

Theoretical yield of NaCl will be 0.091 moles = 0.091 moles X 58.5 g/mole = 5.3235 g

percentage yield = (7.11/5.3235) X 100 = 133 %

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If the energy produced in an exothermic reaction is released as heat, it results in a rise in temperature.

In exothermic reactions, more energy is launched while the bonds are shaped in the goods that are used to interrupt the bonds inside the reactants. Exothermic reactions are observed with the aid of a boom in the temperature of the reaction combination. If materials react and the temperature of the aggregate will increase, the reaction is exothermic.

A chemical response includes the breaking of bonds within the reactants and the forming of bonds in the goods. It takes power to break bonds. when strength is launched in an exothermic response, the temperature of the response mixture will increase. when electricity is absorbed in an endothermic reaction, the temperature decreases. you could monitor modifications in temperature by placing a thermometer inside the response aggregate.

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The major product formed when hydrogen chloride reacts with 2−methyl−2−butene proceeds through a tertiary carbo cation intermediate.

An addition reaction occurs when 2 methyl 2 butene and hydrogen chloride are combined. The Markovnickov rule states that the carbon atom with the fewest hydrogen atoms receives the negative part of the addition. As a result, carbon 2 will be increased by the addendum's negative portion.

The carbocation will be carbon-2 as indicated in the figure that is linked to this answer since this reaction proceeds through an ionic mechanism. This carbon atom is the one to which chlorine will finally bond.

A chemical compound known as hydrogen chloride (HCl) contains a polar covalent bond between chlorine and hydrogen atoms.

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The lone pair electron in alcohol undergoes protonation and stabilizes the cation that is present in the oxygen atom. The final product contains both the ether and alcohol functional groups.

The chemical element with the letters O and the atomic number 8 is called oxygen atoms. It belongs to the chalcogen group of the periodic table and is a highly reactive nonmetal that readily forms oxides with most elements as well as with other compounds. Chemical elements, or substances with only one sort of atom, include molecular oxygen. An oxygen atom has eight protons in its nucleus, as indicated by its atomic number of 8 and the official chemical symbol O. The manufacture of steel, plastics, and textiles, brazing, welding, and cutting of steel and other metals, rocket propellant, oxygen therapy, and life support systems in aircraft, submarines, spaceflight, and diving are just a few common uses for oxygen. Since many organisms use molecular oxygen for respiration, molecular oxygen is necessary for life.

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Answer:

Four covalent bonds.

Explanation:

In a diamond, each carbon atom forms four covalent bonds with four other carbon atoms. In a diamond, each carbon shares electrons with four other carbon atoms.

Carbon can form single, double, or even triple bonds with other carbon atoms. In a single bond, two carbon atoms share one pair of electrons. In a double bond, they share two pairs of electrons, and in a triple bond, they share three pairs of electrons.

The relationship between the kinetic energy of particles and the forces of attraction between particles is that if average kinetic energy increases than  the force of attraction then particles will not condensed to form liquid or solid.

If the kinetic energy less than force of attraction between the particle then the particles will tends to form solid or liquid.  the kinetic energy is directly proportional to distance between the particles. The distance between the particles is inversely proportional to  the intermolecular forces.

Thus, The relationship between the kinetic energy of particles and the forces of attraction between particles is that if average kinetic energy increases than  the force of attraction then particles will not condensed to form liquid or solid.

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The mass of NaCl required ( in grams) to make the aqueous solution is 1.287 g.

What is molecular mass? How do you calculate molecular mass?

A molecule's mass is the sum of the masses of all the atoms it contains. As it is the total mass of all the atoms in a molecule, it is calculated below

The molecular mass of NaCl = Atomic mass of Na + Atomic mass of Cl

                                               = 23 + 35.5

                                               = 58.5g/mol

Given the volume of aqueous solution = 120.4 ml or 0.1204 L

Molarity of solution = 0.183M

We know that,

Molarity = No. of moles/Volume

No. of moles = 0.183 × 0.1204

                      =  0.022 moThe molar.

Molar mass of NaCl = Mass of Na + Mass of Cl

                                 = 23 + 35.5

                                 = 58.5g/mol

Mass of NaCl = 0.022 × 58.5

                      = 1.287 g

So, the mass of NaCl required ( in grams) to make the aqueous solution is 1.287 g.

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Answer:

There is a d sublevel in the third energy level, but it requires the electrons to have energy similar to electrons in the fourth energy level. The 3ds orbitals are not filled until after the 4s is filled.

Explanation:

Thermochemical C2H5OH(l) + 3 O2(g) → 2 CO2(g) + 3 H2O(l) ΔHcomb = -1367 kJ/mol

What is Thermochemistry?
The study of thermochemistry examines the heat energy involved in chemical reactions and/or phase transitions like melting and boiling. Energy can be released or absorbed during a reaction or phase change. Thermochemistry focuses on the heat-based energy transfer between a system and its surroundings. In order to forecast the quantities of reactants and products throughout a specific reaction, thermochemistry is helpful. It is also used to foretell whether a reaction will be spontaneous or non-spontaneous, favourable or unfavourable, in conjunction with entropy determinations. While exothermic reactions discharge heat, endothermic reactions absorb heat. The concepts of thermodynamics and the idea of energy in form of chemical bonds are combined in the field of thermochemistry.

Thermochemical is the relation between heat ,work, temperature and energy.

We can only use the energy quality when it's high,

It means that heat easily cover when the gallon is burn.

The energy of the fuel has ready converted into heat .

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Answer:

Chlorine only needs to make one covalent bond. It has seven e- so it needs one more to make a full octet.

Explanation:

If 45.3 ml of a 0.108 M HCL solution is needed to neutralize a solution of KOH, then grams of KOH that  must be present in the solution is 0.274gm.

The amount of a substance present in a certain volume of solution is termed as molarity . It can also be defined as the moles of a solute per liter of solution.

HCL +KOH --->  KCL+ H2O

Molarity= mol solute / L solution

Given volume of HCL= 45.3ml= 0.0453L

concentration = 0.108M

As we know that, No. of moles = concentration * Volume

=0.0453* 0.108

Number of moles=0.0048

Mass = no. of moles*molar mass

Molar mass of KOH = 56.1 g/mol

= 0.00489* 56.1

Grams of KOH= 0.274 gm.

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The molarity of copper sulfate in the diluted solution if 4 ml of 0.0250 m cuso4 is diluted to 10.0 ml with pure water is 0.02M.

Molarity is defined as the ratio of moles of solute to the volume of solution.

Mathematically,

Molarity = moles of solute / volume of solution

Given,

Initial volume of CuSO4 = 4 ml = 4/1000 = 0.004 l

Molarity of CuSO4 = 0.0250 m

By substituting all the values, we get

0.025 = moles/ 0.004

moles = 0.025 × 0.004 = 0.000100 mol

Moles = 0.0001 mol.

Total volume = 0.004 l + 10 ml

= 0.004 + 0.001 = 0.005 l

Moles of CuSO4 = 0.0001 mol

Molarity = 0.0001 / 0.005 = 0.02 M

Thus, we concluded that the molarity of copper sulfate in the diluted solution if 4 ml of 0.0250 m cuso4 is diluted to 10.0 ml with pure water is 0.02M.

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H2 has the highest coefficient.

Considering a balanced equation,

4 H2+2 C

————>2 CH4

=> The hydrogen molecule's (H2) coefficient is 4.

=> The carbon (C) coefficient is 2.

=> Methane CH4 has a coefficient of 2.

As a result, H2 has the greatest coefficient of 4, which is.

H2 has the highest coefficient, hence.

Gases made of hydrogen have no color or smell. It is quickly set ablaze. It burns with a light blue, nearly undetectable flame once lit. They are lighter than air, the vapors. It ignites easily at a variety of vapor/air concentrations. While asphyxiating easily due to the displacement of oxygen in the air, hydrogen is not poisonous. 

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Using prefixes before the name of each element, the number of atoms of each element present in the molecular is indicated.

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It is a dissociative substitution process.

Write the reaction mechanism

Step 1:

    Ni(CO)₄  →  Ni(CO)₃ + CO

Step 2:

    Ni(CO)₃ + CO + L →  [Ni(CO)₃L

In the first step of the reaction or in the rate-determining step nickel tetracarbonyl dissociates into nickel tricarbonyl and carbon mono oxide. As the first step is the rate-determining step in which dissociation occurs so it is a dissociative mechanism. In the second step phosphines and phosphites replace carbon monoxide at the same rate, in simple words this step is the same for different phosphines and phosphites. This is because it is an SN1 reaction so the second step does not affect the rate of reaction.

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Answer:

When you balance a chemical equation, you change (!!YOU MUST CHANGE IT DO NOT FORGET!!) coefficients. You never change subscripts. A coefficient is a whole number multiplier. To balance a chemical equation, you add these whole number multipliers (otherwise known as coefficients) to make sure that there are the same number of atoms on each side of the arrow.

For those of you who may not have a clear understand of what a coefficient is, here's a simple definition that you can look at. A coefficient can be simply explained a number or symbol by which another number or symbol (as a mathematical variable) is multiplied.

Also, here's a simple definition of a subscript! A subscript is a distinguishing symbol (such as a LETTER OR NUMERAL) written immediately above or below and to the right or left of another character.

Here's an example.

The equation that were trying to solve is:

Zn + 2HCl ---> ZnCl^2 + H^2

Answer:

There are two chlorines on the right but only one on the left, and the chlorine is in a single chemical species on each side. Put a 2 in front of the HCl on the left hand side.

Zn + 2HCl ---> ZnCl^2 + H^2

And if you look carefully, you will see that the equation is now balanced, with one Zn on each side, two hydrogens on each side and two chlorines on each side. Some examples can be rather easy!

Explanation:

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