The temperature is a measure of the average speed of a particle in a substance. Speed of the particles is directly proportional to its temperature.
What do you mean by average speed?
Average speed is the total distance traveled by the object in a particular interval of time. It is a scalar quantity and is represented by magnitude and does not have direction.
The temperature of a substance is a measure of the average kinetic energy. As the temperature increases the speed of the molecules in random motion increases.
Heat is the transfer of energy from a substance at a higher temperature to lower temperature.
Average speed of molecules: √8RT/πM
where R= universal gas constant
T= temperature
M= molecular mass
Hence average speed of molecules is directly proportional to temperature.
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When you have two different alleles for a trait, the allele that is expressed is known as the ___________ trait while the allele that is masked is known as _________ trait.
When two distinct alleles for a particular trait are present in an individual, the allele which is expressed is known as the dominant trait whereas the allele which is masked is called the recessive trait.
The term 'heterozygous' is used for individuals which possess two different alleles for a particular trait. According to Mendel's law of dominance, traits are regulated by discrete units known as factors or genes. The genes which code for a pair of contrasting traits are called alleles.
The law further states that when two distinct alleles are present for a particular trait, only one of them is able to express itself and is known as the dominant trait while the other is known as the recessive trait.
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After an mrna molecule is constructed from a dna template, which two statements explain what happens next?.
The elongation period of transcription creates.
DNA is double-stranded, however best one strand serves as a template for transcription at any given time. This template strand is known as the noncoding strand. The nontemplate strand is referred to as the coding strand because its collection may be the same as that of the new RNA molecule.
The ability of every strand of a DNA molecule to behave as a template for producing a complementary strand allows a mobile to copy, or replicate, its genes earlier than passing them directly to its descendants.
One of the strands of the DNA double helix then acts as a template for the synthesis of an RNA molecule. As in DNA replication, the nucleotide sequence of the RNA chain is decided via the complementary base pairing between incoming nucleotides and the DNA template.
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How would you expect the rate of speciation of an allopatric case to compare to the rate of speciation of a sympatric case involving formation of allopolyploid offspring?
A) The allopatric case would occur at a much slower rate than the sympatric case involving allopolyploid offspring.
B) More information would be needed to make a prediction.
C) The allopatric case would occur at a much faster rate than the sympatric case involving allopolyploid offspring.
D) Both would occur at the same slow rate.
A) The allopatric case would occur at a much slower rate than the sympatric case involving allopolyploid offspring.
A rate of speciation is a measurement about the number of new species appear that can appear in an interval of time within a given taxon and a given habitat or ecosystem. A rate of speciation can also be a comparative measure, not time dependent , relating to how one taxon seems to diversify relative to another.
Allopatric speciation, is considered as the most common form of speciation, when populations of a species are geographically isolated. Or in other case when populations become separated, gene flow between them ceases.
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The current decline of amphibian populations worldwide has been linked to a ________ fungus.
A chytrid fungus has been connected to the ongoing global fall in frog numbers.
The fungus targets the keratin-containing areas of a frog's skin. Frogs have trouble breathing because they use their skin for respiration. The fungus also weakens the neurological system, which alters the behaviour of the frog. Chytridiomycosis is a condition that some hosts with B. dendrobatidis infection may go on to develop, though not all infected hosts do. Chytridiomycosis may spread through direct host contact or via an intermediary host, although other modes of transmission are currently unknown.
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explain EACH phase of cell division (including interphase and mitosis)
The cell cycle's longest phase is called interphase. Before starting mitosis, cell develops and duplicates its DNA in this phase. Chromosomes line up, split, and move into new daughter cells .
What are the four stages of mitosis and what occurs in each?In prophase, the chromosomes get shorter and thicker. chromosomes comes in the middle of the cell, during the metaphase, the chromosomes align. Chromatids break during the anaphase process and move to the opposing poles. Telophase: Two nuclei are formed when nuclear envelopes have reformed around chromosomal group.
Explain the phases of cell division.?There are two different types of cell division, the first of which is vegetative division—also known as mitosis—in which each daughter cell replicates the parent cell.
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micro how is it that we are not in a state of continuous infection from the microbes we encounter every day?
We are not in a state of continuous infection from microbes we encounter every day as : the immune system provides an overlapping network of host defenses.
What is meant by immune system?The immune system protects your body from outside invaders that may include germs such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi, and toxins (chemicals made by microbes). A healthy immune system protects by creating a barrier that stops those invaders or antigens from entering the body.
The immune system's job is to defend against disease-causing microorganisms and it's goal is to keep us healthy. The immune system is a vast and complex interconnected network of different organs, cells and proteins that work together to protect the body from illness.
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two individuals with the same genotype may not express the same phenotype because gene expression is influenced by:
Because of the interaction between genes and environment, two people with the identical genotype may not exhibit the same phenotype.
How does genotyping work?The term "genotype" broadly refers to an organism's genetic make-up, or, to put it another way, the entire set of its genes. The phrase can also be used more specifically to describe to a gene's alleles, or variant versions, that an organism carries.
Describe genotype through an example.A genotyping is a rating of the kind of variant that is present at a specific locus (i.e., place) in the genome. Symbols are a form of representation. For illustration, BB, Bb, and bb may be used to denote a certain gene variant.
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What was found in the trap of the miller–urey apparatus that supports a hypothesis for the beginning of early life?.
Miller and Urey demonstrated that a variety of chemical compounds, including amino acids, are created when methane, ammonia.
They discovered that the volcano-like experiment had generated the greatest amount of organic molecules, including 22 amino acids, 5 amines, and numerous hydroxylated molecules. which may have been made by hydroxyl radicals produced by the electrified steam.
The well-known Miller-Urey experiment showed that amino acids, crucial components of biological proteins, may be produced under simulated primordial terrestrial settings from basic starting elements.
The first proof that organic molecules required for life might be created from inorganic elements was supplied by the Miller-Urey experiment. The RNA world hypothesis, which contends that RNA was the primordial form of life, is backed by certain scientists.
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considering the innervation of the circular muscles of the bladder neck, which classification of drug is used to treat bladder neck obstruction?
For the treatment of primary bladder neck blockage, alpha blockers are frequently employed.
How is bladder outlet blockage treated?Through the urethra, a catheter-shaped tube is introduced into the bladder. To remove the obstruction, this is done. To drain the bladder, a catheter will occasionally be inserted through the belly area. The term for this is a suprapubic tube.
Which drug improves urine flow through the bladder neck?Tricyclic antidepressants include imipramine (Tofranil). It causes the smooth muscles at the bladder neck to contract while relaxing the bladder muscle. Mixed incontinence, which combines urge and stress incontinence, may be treated with it. Imipramine is frequently given at night because it can make you sleepy.
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Question 3
Human blood types are determined by genes that follow the CODOMINANCE pattern of inheritance. There are two codominant alleles (A and B) and one recessive allele (o).
Fill in the genotype for each person based on the description:
Homozygous for the “B” allele
Heterozygous for the “A” allele
Type O
Type AB
Word Bank:
AA BB Ao oo AB Bo
As with the human blood type AB (IA IB), codominance develops when both alleles exhibit dominance.
Are blood types A and B codominant?Genes that inherit according to the CODOMINANCE inheritance pattern define the type of blood a person has.A and B are the two codominant alleles, while R is the recessive allele (O).
Is indeed the inheritance of a person's blood type a case of codominance?Codominance.One common characteristic of people that you can't see very just by looking at them, but that many people are aware of, is their blood type.One A allele one and B allele are present in individuals with the blood type AB.Their blood type was AB since both alleles be expressed simultaneously.
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the most common form of gene therapy involves inserting a normal gene into cells that contain a defective version of the gene. in order to use gene therapy to prevent a man from passing a defective gene on to future generations, you should try to insert normal copies of the gene into
A healthy gene is inserted into the fertilized egg of an animal that has a particular genetic abnormality as part of germ line gene therapy. Several animal experiments have done this with success.
What type of gene therapy is most typical?The most popular type of gene therapy involves replacing a defective gene with a normal gene that has been inserted. Alternating a defective gene with a functional one is another strategy. repairing a gene that is faulty.
What do you describe a form of gene therapy where cells in the intended organ are given genes?The ability to introduce genetic material (RNA) into the right cell type or tissue is known as somatic gene therapy.
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which structure is highlighted? multiple choice auditory ossicles auricle tympanic membrane vestibule semicircular ducts
Semicircular ducts or Semicircular Canals are highlighted.
What are Semicircular Canals?
The semicircular canals are three small fluid-filled tubes in the inner ear that help you balance. Movement of the head causes fluid to splash within the semicircular canals, moving the tiny hairs that line each canal. These hairs translate fluid movement into neural messages sent to the brain. Your brain can tell your body how to maintain balance. When you twist and then stop, the fluid in the semi-circular channel travels a little longer, and the hair continues to send the message that it's spinning even though it's not. That's why you feel dizzy after carnivals and amusement park rides.
Therefore, Semicircular ducts or Semicircular Canals are highlighted.
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Histamine released by mast cells leads to all of the following symptoms except:
Capillary dilation
Airway constriction
High fever
Mucus secretion
Itching
The following symptoms are all caused by histamine generated by mast cells, with the exception of extreme fever
What occurs when histamine is released by mast cells?Histamine and other substances are released into the bloodstream by mast cells when they find an allergen, which is a material that causes an allergic reaction.Histamine causes the skin to become itchy and puffy around the blood vessels to dilate.Additionally, it might result in a buildup of mucus in the airways, which narrows them.Histamine and other vasoactive chemicals are released by mast cells, resulting in urticaria (hives).Angioedema may result if the antigen activates deeper tissue mast cells.Eczema or atopic dermatitis may develop if the reaction lasts a long time.To learn more about Histamine released by mast cells leads refer to:
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What could cause bad gut bacteria to grow?
A. Eating unhealthy food too often
B. Yogurt with active cultures
C. Taking supplements
D. Growing up
Answer:
A. Eating unhealthy food too often
Explanation:
Answer:
a) Eating unhealthy food too often
Explanation:
Eating unhealthy food too often will cause bad gut bacteria to grow. The diet given to our body with food should be healthy to avoid such bacteria from growing. Hence, the option (a) is the correct answer.
The offspring of two true-breeding parents that differ in a single character are called single-character hybrids, or.
Single-character hybrids, also known as monohybrids, are the offspring of two true-breeding parents who differ in just one character.
Monohybrids did not exhibit an intermediate trait, but rather resembled one of the two parents. The monohybrids show the trait and the trait is disguised when two true-breeding plants that are different in only one characteristic are crossed. The number of traits being studied in the progeny is the primary distinction between monohybrid and dihybrid crosses. One trait is expected to be inherited in a monohybrid cross. Monohybrid crossings occur when the parents are homozygous for the same trait but differ in another characteristic.
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URGENT NEED HELP
Which results from an increase in the greenhouse effect?
a. continental shifts
b. wildfires
c. volcanic eruptions
d. global warming
Answer:
global warming
Explanation:
The simple greenhouse effect definition is the natural process when gases in the Earth's atmosphere trap the Sun's heat. Since global warming is the overall temperature of the planet in the long-term, that answer would make the most sense.
before a cell divided (mitosis or meiosis) a copy of each chromosome is made during the process of:
Answer:
Interphase
Then, at a critical point during interphase (called the S phase), the cell duplicates its chromosomes and ensures its systems are ready for cell division. If all conditions are ideal, the cell is now ready to move into the first phase of mitosis.
Why must microtubules both assemble and disassemble for mitosis to occur properly?.
The assembly and disassembly of microtubules is necessary for the chromosomes to move to opposite poles during mitosis.
Microtubules are the part of the cytoskeleton that are hollow tube-like in structure. They are dynamic molecules and hence undergo assembly and disassembly. They are essential for cell growth, cell movement and also some signaling events.
Chromosomes are the compact form of packaged DNA. It is comprised of DNA and the histone proteins. A chromosome is composed of two sister chromatids joined together at the centromere. This compact form of DNA is the one that gets transferred from the parent to the offspring.
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Genetic variation among humans is relatively small when compared to other species. Where in the human genome does most of the diversity occur?.
The majority of the variation is found in single nucleotide polymorphisms in the human genome, homeotic genes, mitochondrial DNA, and tRNA-coding sequences.
Single nucleotide polymorphisms happen when one nucleotide, which functions as the basic unit of DNA, is changed for another. also known as SNP. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) may function as biological markers in DNA because they are related to the genes that are linked to a number of complex diseases, including Alzheimer's, schizophrenia, diabetes, cancer, and blood pressure.
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Reasons why we should allow parents to choose some of the genetic qualities.
. an embryo sac is missing the synergids. what specific impact would you expect this to have on fertilization?
The pollen tube will form, but it will not be directed toward the egg to be fertilised.
When the haploid megaspore nucleus divides, an embryo sac is said to form. It has two haploid nuclei and six haploid cells with no cell walls. In some cases, the haploid nuclei join together to form a single cell (endosperm motor cell). At the time of fertilisation, one male nucleus and one egg nucleus combine to form a zygote, which leads to the development of the embryo. The primary endosperm nucleus and the second male nucleus fuse to form the endosperm nucleus. A pollen tube develops into one of the female gametophyte's two synergid cells during the angiosperm fertilisation process.
Cell death occurs in the synergid cell into which the pollen tube grows, either before or after the pollen tube enters this cell. Synergid cells direct pollen tube growth toward the female gametophyte and aid in tube entry into the embryo sac.
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HELP ME PLEASE PLEASE PLEASE PLEASE
When two identical copies of a gene are present, you are said to be homozygous for that gene. It contrasts with a heterozygous genotype, in which the alleles are distinct. Everyone who possesses a recessive trait, such as red hair or blue eyes, is homozygous for that gene.
What are Homozygous and Heterozygous ?Refers to a trait that can only be seen in homozygous individuals; it is a trait that is often hidden by other inherited qualities but persists in populations of heterozygous individuals.
When you are heterozygous, you have two distinct alleles as opposed to being homozygous. Each parent gave you a different version of themselves. The dominant allele in a heterozygous genotype prevails over the recessive one. As a result, the dominant trait will manifest.
That could be homozygous dominant or homozygous recessive, AA or aa. A person with two dominant "A" alleles for a certain gene is said to be homozygous dominant for that gene. A person with two recessive "a" alleles, or homozygous recessive, will have the genotype "aa."
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which of the following is released into the lumen of the gastrointestinal tract? a) pepsinogen b) gastrin c) secretin
Secretin is a gastrointestinal hormone that inhibits intestinal motility and the discharge of gastric acid, and stimulates the secretion of pancreatic fluid.
Secretin has three important functions: law of gastric acid, law of pancreatic bicarbonate, and osmoregulation. The most important physiological moves of secretin are stimulation of pancreatic fluid and bicarbonate secretion. S cells withinside the small gut emit secretin.
Secretin is secreted from S cells withinside the duodenum in reaction to H+ and fatty acids withinside the lumen. Specifically, a pH much less than 4.five indicators arrival of gastric contents, which initiates the discharge of secretin. GLP-1 is likewise produced withinside the small gut and secreted from L cells.
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Can someone help me please with this I can't do it because i have a lot of work from other classes and this is really important someone pls help me
Answer: can we do this answer in the comments i really cant type half of my pc screen broke
Explanation:
which scenario will most likely result in a change to the nitrogen cycle that negatively affects plant growth?
The most likely outcome of soil acidification is a modification of the nitrogen cycle that will be harmful to plant growth. When soil pH decreases over time, a process known as "soil acidification" occurs.
This process is accelerated by agricultural output, which may have an effect on both the topsoil and the subsoil.
The supply of nutrients, such as nitrogen, may decline if beneficial soil bacteria are prevented from recycling them. The amount of phosphorus available to plants in the soil has decreased, and calcium, magnesium, and molybdenum shortages could also occur. The ability of the plants to use the moisture in the subsoil may be hampered.
Therefore, we may conclude that a situation of soil acidification will almost surely lead to a change in the nitrogen cycle that would adversely influence plant growth.
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scientists have independently suggested which tactic for combating accidentally imposing artificial selection both for pesticide resistance and for altering fish body size?
correct Option is B) Growing crops/fish in separate tanks and enacting different selective pressures to observe evolutionary changes. towards pesticide resistance.
In addition to being feasible, co-farming fish and crops has advantages. Aquaponics is a method whereby excrement that pesticide resistance accumulates in fish tanks is evolutionary changes utilized as fertilizer for plants that are evolutionary changes grown hydroponically. These nutrients are removed from the water by the plants and may then be given back to the fish. After adding the water to your aquarium, you may immediately add plants evolutionary changes . The water will pesticide resistance still be cloudy if there is a substrate. You may always add plants to tanks that have already been constructed.
The complete question is :
Scientists have independently suggested which tactic for combating accidentally imposing artificial selection both for pesticide resistance and for altering fish body size?
A. Using a suite of different harvest strategies at once, such as pole-and-line fishing AND nets, and harvesting crops using equipment like combines AND hand picking
B. Growing crops/fish in separate tanks and enacting different selective pressures to observe evolutionary changes
C. Retaining areas where harvesting does not occur, which allows genetic diversity to be maintained in those areas
D. Harvesting both fish and crops when they are medium sized
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the northern leopard frog, tree frog, and wood frog are all different species of frogs. why is having a scientific name for each species of an organism important for scientists?
These names are significant because they enable clear communication about animal species among people all across the world.
What are the significance of northern leopard frogs?In ponds where it lives, the northern leopard frog is probably a significant indicator of the water's quality. This species is an essential component of the food chain, and tadpoles, which are the main eaters of algae in ponds, can have a big impact.
What distinguishes tree frogs from other frog species?These frogs are most easily recognized by their feet, which have claw-shaped toe bones as their last bone. They can also climb trees thanks to toe pads with small suction cups and extraskeletal structures on their toes. They are available in a number of hues, the most popular being green, gray, or brown.
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Which political party function involve putting where a candidate tand on the "iue" into writing?
financing a campaign
deigning a platform
running a campaign
chooing a candidate
Political party function involve putting where a candidate stand on the "issue" into writing is : designing a platform.
The goals , ideas , project and beliefs are the platforms in the politics. The political party is an organization that will coordinates with the candidates to compete in the particular country's election. the members of the political party will hold the similar ideas about the politics. the political party will be promote the specific ideology and the policy goals.
Thus, the designing a platform is the political party function that involve putting the candidate stand on the issue into the writing.
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Why are there pairs of chromosomes in this karyotype? All BUT ONE answer could apply.
A Humans reproduce via sexual reproduction.Humans reproduce via sexual reproduction.
B This karyotype represents human cells after fertilization.This karyotype represents human cells after fertilization.
C Each individual inherits one of each pair from each parent.Each individual inherits one of each pair from each parent.
D Gametes contain one copy of each chromosome.Gametes contain one copy of each chromosome.
Question 2
Humans reproduce via the reproduction that is taking place in this fertilization that is sexual. Humans reproduce via sexual reproduction.Humans reproduce via sexual reproduction.
What are chromosomes ?These are defined as the thread like structures that are located inside the nucleus of animal and plant cells and these each of them contain DNA and proteins.
This karyotype represents human cells after fertilization.This karyotype represents human cells after fertilization. This is showing that the human cells that are representing the cells of human reproduction. Each individual inherits one of each pair from each parent.Each individual inherits one of each pair from each parent.
Each of the human genome contains 23 pairs of chromosomes where 22 are autosomes as clearly shown in picture and then one last is the sex chromosome pair where it can be XX or XY where XX is the female child and XY is the male child.
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The __________ is an oblong area of the hindbrain involved in regulation of heartbeat, blood pressure, movement, and respiration.
The medulla is an oblong area of the hindbrain involved in regulation of heartbeat, blood pressure, movement, and respiration.
What is medulla ?The foramen magnum, an aperture at the base of your skull, allows the medulla, the portion of your brain that is closest to the ground, to communicate with your spinal cord. Your pons, which is immediately underneath the central brain structures, is located just above your medulla.The region at the base of the brain known as the medulla oblongata serves as a link between the brain and spinal cord. It relays commands for vital bodily processes including breathing, circulation, swallowing, and digestion from the brain to the rest of the body.Wallenberg disease This condition, also known as lateral medullary syndrome, develops when the blood supply to a side region of your medulla is cut off, causing damage to that region. Your medulla is most commonly affected by this kind of stroke.To learn more about medulla refer :
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