To calculate the frequency of the brown allele, count number of brown alleles and divide by total number of alleles in this population.
In this beetle population, the number of the brown alleles is 8.
In this beetle population, the total number of the alleles is 20.
Frequency of brown allele in this beetle population is 0.4.
Frequency of green allele in this beetle population is 0.6.
Allele frequency refers to how not unusual an allele is in a populace. It is decided by counting how typically the allele seems inside the population and then dividing by the full variety of copies of the gene.
Gene frequency can be defined as the fraction or percentage of a population that contains an allele at a selected locus (Gillespie 2004).
Relative genotype frequency and relative allele frequency are the most essential measures of genetic variation. Relative genotype frequency is the proportion of individuals in a populace that has a specific genotype.
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A type of fossil fuel, known as ________, consists of deposits of moist sand and clay containing bitumen, a thick and heavy form of petroleum that is rich in carbon and poor in hydrogen.
A type of fossil fuel,known as Tar stands.
what is fossil fuel?A fossil fuel is a hydrocarbon-containing material formed naturally in to the Earth's crust from to the remains of dead plants and animals and birds that is the extracted and burned as thr a fuel. The main fossil fuels are mainly coal, oil, and natural gas.
Tar sands are a combination of clay, sand, water and bitumen, which is a heavy hydrocarbon. Like the kerogen in oil shale, tar sands' bitumen can be upgraded to synthetic crude oil.
So answer is tar sands.
These include tar sands – deposits of moist sand and it is clay with 1-2 percent bitumen (thick and heavy are petroleum rich in the carbon and poor in the hydrogen). These are the removed by strip mining in the (see section below on coal)
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Two fruit flies with normal wings are crossed. Among their offspring are 89 with normal wings and 33 with dumpy wings.
What are the genotypes of the parents?
Which trait is dominant? _____________________ Which trait is recessive?
Explain how you know.
Mendel knew that the parents' alleles segregated randomly when forming gametes and traits are passed independently of one another.
What is dihybrid cross?Dihybrid cross is a genetic cross for two traits ( like color and shape of the seed). The main purpose of the dihybrid cross that was performed by Mendel was to determine relationship between different pairs of alleles.
When he performed the dihybrid cross, he got the phenotypic ratio 9:3:3:1 corresponding to nine with round and yellow seeds, three with round and green seeds, three with wrinkled and yellow seeds, and one with wrinkled and green seeds.
Therefore, Mendel knew that the parents' alleles segregated randomly when forming gametes and traits are passed independently of one another.
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match the microbe with the most appropriate target for a drug to kill/inhibit it. each target is used only once.
Microbe Most appropriate target for a drug
Candida albicans ergosterol
Human immunodeficiency virus reverse transcription
Mycobacterium tuberculosis mycolic acid synthesis
Influenza virus neuraminidase
Staphylococcus aureus peptidoglycan synthesis
Nematodes helminthic neurons
Entamoeba histolytica heme detoxification.
Examples of microorganisms include microscopic fungi protozoa algae bacteria and archaea. Technically, microorganisms or microorganisms are microscopic organisms. The study of microorganisms is called microbiology. Microorganisms are bacteria fungi archaea or protists.
Different types of bacteria are called strains rather than seeds. strains are groups of bacterial microorganisms derived from the same organism that may be descended from another organism sharing similar traits adapted to environments and characterized by physiological or morphological alterations.
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Which of these animals would you NOT find in the Amazon River in South America
Answer:
you didn’t list the animals
Explanation:
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How does the presence of
vestigial structures support
evolution?
A. It shows that all organisms have
similar body plans.
B. It shows that organisms have
descended with modifications over
time. This is the answer
C. It shows that DNA is the molecule of
life.
They support evolution because they imply that an organism changed from using the structure to not using it or using it for a different purpose.
What is a vestigial structure in biology?
A biological structure is considered to be outmoded if it wasn't outmoded in its company's ancestors. Such a structure is seen by evolutionary biologists as a remnant of a feature that was more completely operational and frequently larger in the ancestors of the relevant creature.
What are a vestibule as well as an example?
Vestigial structures are those that resemble the remains of an earlier progenitor but serve no obvious purpose. The mammalian colon and a snake's pelvic bone are instances of vestiges.
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What do some scientists today believe causes more adaptations competition or environmental changes
Environmental changes cause more adaptations than the competition because it is only a type of environmental constraint.
What is an evolutionary adaptive feature?An evolutionary adaptive feature can be defined as any phenotypic characteristic that emerged by differential survival and reproduction of organisms under certain environmental conditions, which may be due to the process of competition since it represents a type of environmental factor shaping the evolution of species.
Therefore, with this data, we can see that evolutionary adaptive features are a result of different environmental constraints such as the competition between individuals of the same species.
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Researchers have discovered that the value of r in aphids depends on the average temperature where the population lives, suggesting that climate change could affect population growth in aphids. Interpret the model.
[Line graph with 2 lines. The x-axis represents time in days and is labeled 0 through 150 in increments of 30. The y-axis represents population size and is labeled 0 through 200 in increments of 50. Line r sub 1 curves gradually upward and then steeply upward. At 0 days the population is 10, at 30 days the population is 20, at 60 days the population is 50, at 90 days the population is 115, at 110 days the population is 200. Line r sub 2 curves gradually upward and then steeply upward. At 0 days the population is 10, at 30 days the population is 15, at 60 days the population is 30, at 90 days the population is 60, at 120 days the population is 110, at 150 days the population is 200.]
Drag "True" or "False" to the end of each statement.
1, The value of r increases over time in both cases. --------------
2, The slope of the lines at 90 days is determined by rN in both cases.---------------
3, Both curves show exponential growth. ----------------
4, If r2 = 0.02, then r1 > 0.02. -------------------
5, Ninety days after the introduction of 10 aphids, there would be more aphids in the population with r1than in the population with r2.---------------------
Q32, E
The given statements about climate change could affect population growth in aphids :
False TrueTrueTrueTrueHow does climate change affect population of aphids ?Herbivorous insects and plants are equally susceptible to the effects of a changing environment, notably a rise in temperature. Being poikilothermal animals, aphids are immediately exposed to temperature increases, which have an impact on their biology.Some insects have a strong relationship with a particular group of host crops, and rising temperatures may result in a decline in their numbers. The populations of insect pests particular to certain crops would decline if temperatures rose to the point that farmers stopped cultivating the host crop.When circumstances are out of balance, such as when plants are stressed by a drought, poor soil, or overpopulation, aphids become more of a problem.Learn more about affect population of aphids refer to :
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Human blood types are determined by genes that follow the condominance pattern of inheritance. There are two dominant alleles (A and B) and one recessive allele (0). write the genotype for each person based on the description:
a. Homozygous for the"B" allele____
b. Heterozygous for the A allele____
C. type O_____
d. Type " A" and had a type "0" parent_____
e. Type AB____
The genotype for each person based on the description is as follows:
Homozygous for the"B" allele: [tex]I^BI^B[/tex]. Heterozygous for the A allele: [tex]I^AI^O[/tex].Type O: [tex]I^OI^O[/tex]Type " A" and had a type "0" parent: [tex]I^AI^O[/tex]. Type AB: [tex]I^AI^B[/tex]. What is Codominance?The alleles which are able to express themselves independently, even when present together are called codominant alleles, and this biological phenomenon is known as codominance.
ABO blood grouping in humans represents an example of codominance in which it is controlled by gene I. Gene I has three alleles, i.e. [tex]I^A, I^B, and I^O.[/tex]
Therefore, the genotype for each person based on the description is well-described above.
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What is the term associated with the types of atoms in a mineral?
Responses
ionic bond
aggregate
crystal structure
chemical composition
Answer:
chemical composition
Explanation:
The term associated with the types of atoms in a mineral is chemical composition. The chemical composition of a mineral refers to the types of atoms that make up the mineral and the proportions in which they are present. Minerals are composed of chemical elements, and their chemical composition determines their physical and chemical properties.
For example, the chemical composition of the mineral quartz is silicon dioxide, which is composed of silicon and oxygen atoms in a specific ratio.
What is the benefit of
variety between organisms
within a population?
A. genetic variation allows a species to
survive environmental changes this is the answer
B. the ability to reproduce asexually
C. all individuals can use the same food
source
D. fewer individuals will survive as a
result of the variety
Answer:
A
Explanation:
The idea is kinda like the more diverse individuals in a population are, the more chance that one of the individuals has immunity to a disease and is therefore able to survive when an epidemic happens. For example, imagine if all humans were exactly identical, kind of like clones of each other....then if there was some kind of disease that suddenly appeared, then all the humans would die because they have no resistance to it.
This albino rabbit was born with
white fur. If this rabbit lives in a
snowy environment, what can
we say about this rabbit?
The white fur would DECREASE its fitness in this
environment.
The white fur would INCREASE its fitness in this
environment. This is the answer
The albino rabbit was born with white fur, if this rabbit lives in a snowy environment then the white fur would increase its fitness in this environment. Thus, the correct option is B.
What is camouflage?Camouflage is also called as cryptic coloration. It is a defense mechanism or tactic which the organisms use to disguise their appearance in the environment, usually to blend in with their surroundings so that they cannot be caught by the predators.
Fur present on the rabbit body helps them to camouflage, with their surroundings in the snowy environment, and these animals eat their own poop in order to get the water which they need to survive in this condition. Some rabbits hide in a form to avoid getting eaten by a predator.
In the winter, as the days grow shorter, less melanin is produced in the cells. This, in turn, means that a rabbit's new coat which is of white color will lack pigmentation. In the snowy environment, it is quite common for a rabbit's fur to turn completely white and hence increases the fitness in the environment.
Therefore, the correct option is B.
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Answer: The white fur would DECREASE its fitness in this
environment.
Explanation:
Which of the following methods do scientists use to measure the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere?
Locate an area outside that has clean, uncontaminated air and use a special type of flask to capture an air sample.
In the lab in a controlled setting, use a special type of flask to capture an air sample.
In the lab in a controlled setting, breathe directly into an open flask capturing a sample of carbon dioxide.
Use an airplane to travel high into the atmosphere. Then, use a special type of flask to reach out a window and collect an air sample.
According to Jesse Kroll, an MIT professor of chemical engineering and civil engineering who specializes in atmospheric composition, the primary method used by scientists to quantify greenhouse gases in the atmosphere is spectroscopy. Thus, option A is correct.
What is the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere?Only 0.04% of the atmosphere is made up of carbon dioxide, and water vapor levels can range from 0% to 4%. However, while being the main greenhouse gas in our atmosphere, water vapor possesses “windows” that let some infrared light pass through without being absorbed.
Therefore, find a location outside with pure, unpolluted air, then use a special kind of flask to collect an air sample.
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A glacier, a slow-moving mass of ice, has gradually weathered and eroded rock away in a mountain valley. The landscape of rock has greatly changed. Which
sphere was affected in the transformation?
The transition had an effect on the geosphere.
What is the name of the ice mass moving slowly?A glacier is a slow-moving mass of ice or an ice river. Based on where they occur, glaciers are divided into two categories: valley glaciers and continental glaciers. A glacier is a slow-moving mass of ice or "a river of ice." Based on where they occur, glaciers are roughly divided into two categories: valley glaciers and continental glaciers.
What are the names of moving glaciers?The movement of glaciers, which resemble rivers of ice, is known as glacial motion. It has been crucial in the shaping of numerous landscapes. The majority of lakes on earth are located in glacier-carved basins.
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What steps might be taken to minimize atrophy of skeletal muscles in patients confined to bed for prolonged times?
Answer:
Bridges, short-arc quads, straight leg raises, heel slides, glute sets, quad sets, hip abduction sets, and bed mobility exercises are a few other bed exercises. These muscle-building exercises may halt atrophy or even accelerate it.
Explanation:
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21) In the western United States, elk populations are at an all-time high. In some states, the state government has established elk feedgrounds, where elk gather in large numbers during the winter to eat hay provided by the state. This enables more elk to survive the winter, elevating the population even further. Some people are in favor of closing the feedgrounds. What might some of the arguments be for closing the feedgrounds? What might some be for keeping them open?
The feeding grounds should be kept open because of the fact that they help the conservation efforts though some think that it should be closed because of scarcity of land.
What are the elk?There are so many animals that are native to the arctic region that we really to intensify the conservation efforts for those species. These are the species that we see that are quite endangered and we need to protect.
One of the animal that belong to these species that are about to become thus extinct is the elk. This an animal that is know to gather around the arctic region so as to bee able to feed in the snow in the winter. This is why the government has advocated that there should be feeding grounds to conserve the populations.
This has been thought by some people to take up the and that could have been used for some other developmental purposes and this is thus a waste of land. On the other had , the conservation efforts are important so the feeding ground should be kept open.
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Which of the following would be a possible amino acid sequence for an oligopeptide given the experimental data below. Give your answer in 3 letter format. 1. The amino acid composition is found to be [gly, phe, leu, arg, thr and met and some decomposition products] 2. The peptide has a molecular weight around 700 Da and absorbs at 280 nm. 3. Treatment with carboxypeptidase results in phenylalanine and a peptide. 4. First cycle Edmond Degradation yields PTHthreonine 5. CNBR treatment yields two tripeptides. 6. Trypsin digestion produces a dipeptide and a tetrapeptide with met on the amino end. 7. Chymotrypsin digestion yields tetrapeptide and a dipeptide.
A. trp-lys-met-cys-met-ala B. lys-met-cys-phe-ala-trp C. trp-ala-phe-cys-met-lys D. lys-ala-cys-phe-met-trp E. lys-met-cys-ala-phe-trp
What exactly is indeed an amino acid sequence?Pay attention to the pronunciation. the organization of amino acids in a protein.Twenty different types of amino acids can be used to create proteins, and the types of amino acids used to create each protein and how they are ordered affect the structure and function of each protein.
How should the sequence of amino acids be written?A one or three character code can be used to represent amino acid sequences.The precise formatting of sequences varies depending on the application; by convention, single-letter codes always are capitalized.
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cells do not store nh4 . instead, nh4 is deprotonated to nh3, which diffuses across the cell membrane and is lost. as a result, nh4 is immediately assimilated into organic molecules by which of the following?
NH₄ is assimilated into organic molecules by which reaction of the glutamate synthetase
Ammonium (NH₄) is assimilated into glutamate. Glutamate is one of the amino acids that undergoes oxidative deamination, releasing free ammonia (NH₃) for urea synthesis. When free ammonia is formed in peripheral tissues, it must be transported to the liver, where it is converted to urea. This occurs via the "glucose-alanine cycle".
The non-toxic storage and transport form of ammonia in the liver is glutamine. Ammonia is filled by glutamine synthetase through the reaction NH₃ + glutamate → glutamine. It is found in almost every tissue in the body. Ammonia is obtained by glutaminase by the reaction, glutamine → NH₃ + glutamate. It is found mainly in the kidneys and intestines and in very low concentrations in the liver. This reaction is caused by acidosis.
This question is multiple choice:
A. glutamate synthetase
B. enoyl-ACP reductase
C. Rubisco
D. nitrogenase
And true choice is A
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How do enzymes speed up chemical reaction?
In the human body, enzymes function as catalysts to speed up reactions by helping to lower the activation energy needed to start a reaction.
Although some RNA molecules can also act as enzymes, proteins constitute the vast majority of enzymes.
The primary function of enzymes is to decrease the activation energy, or the energy required for a process to start. Enzymes bind to reactant molecules and hold them in place to enable the chemical bond-forming and bond-breaking processes.
The energy of the transition state, which products must pass through in order to become reactants, is reduced by enzymes.
Instead of using energy to move till they collide at random, they might group the reactants together to make it easier for them to interact. They could direct the process along a different pathway with lower activation energy.
By tying them to the active site, they might place the reactants correctly. As a result, the reactants can interact with less energy because they won't have to fight against intermolecular forces that would normally try to separate them.
Temperature, ionic circumstances, and environmental pH all have an impact on how quickly an enzyme.
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Enzymes speed up chemical reactions by providing a lower activation energy barrier for the reaction to occur.
Lower activation barrier means that less energy is required for the reaction to proceed, which in turn increases the rate at which the reaction occurs. Enzymes work by binding to the reactants of a reaction in a specific way, forming an enzyme-substrate complex. This binding causes a structural change in the enzyme or substrate, which reduces the activation energy needed for the reaction to occur.
The active site of the enzyme is where the chemical reaction takes place. This active site contains amino acid residues that help to stabilize the transition state of the reaction, which is the point at which the reactants are converted into products.
Enzymes can also increase the rate of reaction by increasing the concentration of the reactants at the active site of the enzyme, increasing the collision frequency of the reactants, and increasing the local pH, temperature, and pressure.
Enzymes are essential for many biochemical reactions that take place in our cells and are vital for life. Without enzymes, many metabolic processes would be too slow to sustain life and the rate of chemical reactions would be drastically reduced.
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Which bacterial infection affects the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord and for
which college students living in dormitories are at a higher risk than other populations?
O meningitis
O influenza
tuberculosis
pneumonia
A inflammation (swelling) of a linings that protect the brain and spinal cord is known as meningitis.
What results in brain and spinal cord inflammation?Virus infection is frequently to blame for the irritation.Additionally, immune system issues and, less frequently, bacterial or fungi infections may be to blame.The inflammation may just impact a single region of the brain or multiple.
What kind of bacterium causes meningitis and sepsis?Meningococcal septicemia and meningococcemia is the term used by doctors to describe septicemia, a bloodstream infection brought on by Neisseria meningitidis.When a person gets meningococcal septicemia, the germs proliferate in the bloodstream and harm the blood vessel walls.The skin and internal organs bleed as a result of this.
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mycobacterium tuberculosis infects the lungs and can spread to other organs from the lungs. when an infected individual coughs, the bacteria can enter the air and infect nearby individuals. the mode of transmission for the m. tuberculosis pathogen is the route. the portal of entry for m. tuberculosis is .
Mycobacterium tuberculosis infects the lungs and can spread to other organs from the lungs. When an infected individual coughs, the bacteria can enter the air and infect nearby individuals. The mode of transmission for the M. Tuberculosis pathogen is the nasal route. The portal of entry for M. tuberculosis is nose.
Instead of spreading through surface-to-surface contact, M. tuberculosis spreads through the air and spread to other organ from the lung. the transmission by nasal route through the nose. M. tuberculosis-carrying droplet nuclei that are inhaled pass through the mouth, nose, upper respiratory tract, and bronchi before arriving at the lungs' alveoli. Transmission is the term for this.
Mycobacterium TB can grow in a somewhat acidic and possibly nutrient-restricted environment seen in the innate immune cell vacuoles of macrophages. Other mycobacterial species are exposed to acidic environments in aquatic and terrestrial habitats.
TB germs can harm the kidney, spine, and brain in addition to the lungs, which is where they usually attack. Not everyone exposed to TB germs becomes ill.
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HELP IM ON LIMITED TIME!
DNA sequences are analyzed for a particular protein that humans and
four other animals share. Based on this evidence alone, which animal
has the closest evolutionary relationship with humans?
Humans and chickens - 3 different DNA molecules
Humans and horses - 1 different DNA molecule
Humans and tuna - 5 different DNA molecules
Humans and frogs - 4 different DNA molecules
Select one:
Tuna
Chicken
Frog
Horse
Answer:
horse
Explanation:
Based on this evidence, the animal with the closest evolutionary relationship to humans is the horse. Molecular evidence for evolution is based on the study of the genetic makeup of different species to understand their evolutionary relationships. In this case, the scientist is comparing the DNA sequences of different animals and observing the number of differences between them. Since horses have only one different DNA molecule compared to humans, this suggests that they are closely related and likely evolved from a common ancestor, making them the closest evolutionary relative to humans among the animals listed.
Why do sciencetists study soil as a way to measure global climate change
Scientists study soil as a way to measure global climate change because the concentration of certain substances in the soil is indicative of the change in climate conditions and the homeostatic equilibrium of the biosphere.
What is the homeostatic equilibrium of the biosphere?The homeostatic equilibrium of the biosphere is associated with changes in climate conditions (for example the acidification of ocean bodies are indicative of increased methane, which is a greenhouse gas).
Therefore, with this data, we can see that the homeostatic equilibrium of the biosphere is affected by climate change.
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what is the advantage to having a separate mouth and anus on opposite ends of the body
Which of these represents all
the genes that are present in a
given population?
A. allele frequency
B. gene map
C. gene pool this is the answer
Answer:
The gene pool
Explanation:
ESPSs are caused by the movement of what ions?
a. Na+ out of the cell
b. Na+ into the cell
c. K+ into the cell
d. Na+ , K+ into the cell
ESPSs are caused by the movement of Na+ out of the cell
what is ion movement ?
Ion transporters and ion channels are responsible for ionic movements across neuronal membranes.
This difference in electrical potential is generated because the potassium ions flow down their concentration gradient and take their electrical charge (one positive charge per ion) with them as they go.
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Place the structures a drop of blood would pass through in the pulmonary circulation, starting with the right ventricle
A drop of blood should travel through the right atrium, right ventricle, lung, venae cavae, left atrium, left ventricle, aortic, artery, capillary, venules, veins, and vena cavae in the proper order.
How would you define blood?Solids and liquids make up your blood. Moisture, salts, and protein make up the plasma, which is the liquid component. Your blood contains more than 50% plasma. RBC, WBC, & platelets make up your blood's solid portion. Your organs and tissues receive oxygen from the lungs through red blood cells (RBC).
Why is red in our blood?Hemoglobin, or HEE-muh-glow-bin, is an oxygen-carrying protein that is found in red blood cells. Hemoglobin absorbs oxygen in the lungs, giving blood its vivid red colour.
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a wildlife expert predicts that the reintroduction of the caribou into northern minnesota would fail if the density of the timber wolf population in that region is more numerous than one wolf for every 39 square miles
The correct will vs would usage from the sentence above is
"will fail if the density of the timber wolf population in that region is greater than".
How do we determine the use of will and would in the sentence above?The difference between WILL аnd WOULD is relаted to the certаinty of the informаtion expressed in the sentence. In other words, how sure is the аuthor аbout thаt topic.
In this sentence "would fail if the density of the timber wolf population in that region is more numerous", we are sure thаt the reintroduction of the cаribou WILL fаil if the timber wolf populаtion is greаter. If we were not so sure, we would hаve to use WOULD.
For this conditionаl (if X then Y) questions, you need to hаve corresponding tenses, depending on whether you hаve а 1st, 2nd, or 3rd conditionаl.
1st conditionаl: If X hаppens, then Y will hаppen
2nd conditionаl: If X hаppened, then Y would hаppen
3rd conditionаl: If X hаd hаppened, then Y would hаve hаppened
Your question is incomplete, but most probably your full question could see in the attachment.
Thus, the correct option is D.
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Can someone do this please I don't understand
Osmosis is a biological process involving the movement of water molecules in cells from the region of higher water potential to the region of lower water potential with the involvement of selectively permeable membranes.
Usually, regions of higher water potentials in cells usually have lower concentrations of solutes while regions of lower water potentials have higher solute concentrations.
Thus, the image represents the movement of water from 10% glucose outside the cell to the inside of the cell with 50% glucose while the cell membrane acts as the selectively permeable interface.
Both endo and exocytosis represent the movement of materials with respect to the cell. While endocytosis involves the movement of materials into the cell, exocytosis does otherwise.
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A ____ represents a sensory part of the surface of the body that is innervated by a single spinal nerve.
A dermatome represents a sensory part of the surface of the body that is innervated by a single spinal nerve.
What is a dermatome?А dermаtome is аn аreа of skin supplied by а single spinаl nerve. These nerves trаnsmit sensаtions, such аs pаin, from а specific аreа of your skin to your CNS. Our body hаs 30 dermаtomes.
Spinаl nerves аre pаrt of your peripherаl nervous system (PNS). The spinаl nerves help to relаy sensory, motor, аnd аutonomic informаtion between the rest of the body аnd centrаl nervous system (CNS). There аre 31 pаirs of spinаl nerves, forming nerve roots thаt brаnch from your spinаl cord.
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The data suggest that Baikal seals can sustain much longer dives than emperor penguins propose a hypothesis that could explain the evolution of different dive responses in emperor penguins and baikal seals
The suggested hypothesis is that fermentation may be to blame for the rise in lactate levels.
What are the different capacities a bacteria will have?Bacteria with the capacity to utilize a variety of carbohydrate sources create lactic acid through the fermentation process. The primary bacteria utilised to create lactic acid are lactic acid bacteria, and among these, Lactobacillus spp. have demonstrated intriguing fermentation abilities.
Lactic acid fermentation was a consequence of a deficiency in oxygen inside the muscle cells. This is because oxygen is required by the cell as a terminal electron acceptor in order to make ATP.
Therefore, The suggested hypothesis is that fermentation may be to blame for the rise in lactate levels.
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