Answers
Since the number of atoms which are reacting are equal to the number of to the number of atoms in the product, this reaction demonstrates that matter is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction.
What is the principle of matter conservation?Any system that is closed to all exchanges of matter and energy is subject to the law of conservation of matter, which is a general law of physics and chemistry. This law states that regardless of how the components rearrange themselves, the mass of an object or group of things remains constant over time.
A chemical reaction is what?A chemical reaction is a procedure that causes one group of chemical components to change chemically into another. Chemical reactions, which can frequently be described by a chemical equation, traditionally include changes that solely affect the locations of electrons in the formation and dissolution of chemical bonds between atoms, with no change to the nuclei.
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Related Questions
During the manufacturing process to make light bulbs, an incandescent
light bulb is filled with Ar and a small amount of N₂ at about 0.80 atm of
pressure in a 20.°C facility. If the temperature inside the light bulb reaches
380°C when it is operational, what would the new pressure be inside the
light bulb?
Answers
The new pressure is 1.78 atm.
What Are The Gas Laws
The gas laws were developed in the early 17th century to help scientists determine volumes, amounts, pressures, and temperatures when it comes to gas-related issues. Three fundamental laws—Charles' Law, Boyle's Law, and Avogadro's Law—make up the gas laws (all of which will later combine into the General Gas Equation and Ideal Gas Law). The relationship between pressure, temperature, volume, and amount of gas is found using the three basic gas laws.
At initial, the pressure (Pi) is 0.80 atm.
At initial, the temperature (Ti) is (20+273)K that, is 293 K
The final temperature (T2) is (380+273)K that, is 653 K
Then, at constant volume:
P1/T1 = P1/T2
0.80/293 = P2/653
P2= 1.78
Therefore, the new pressure (P2) is 1.78 atm
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Predict if a reaction will occur when Cu and HBr are combined. If a reaction occurs, write a net ionic equation for the reaction.
(Use the lowest possible coefficients. Be sure to specify states such as (aq) or (s). If a box is not needed, leave it blank. If no reaction occurs leave all boxes blank and click on "Submit".)
Answers
A net ionic equation for the reaction is :
Cu(s) + 2H⁺(aq) ----> Cu²⁺(aq) + H₂(g)
The reaction of Cu with HBr is given as :
Cu(s) + HBr(aq) ---> CuBr₂(aq) + H₂(g)
to balance the equation multiple 2 in HBr , we get the balance equation :
Cu(s) + 2HBr(aq) ---> CuBr₂(aq) + H₂(g)
write the complete ionic equation :
Cu(s) + 2H⁺(aq) + 2Br⁻(aq) -----> Cu²⁺(aq) + 2Br⁻(aq) + H₂(g)
now, cancel out the spectator ion from the equation, spectator ions are the same ion in the reactants and product side, we get :
Cu(s) + 2H⁺(aq) ----> Cu²⁺(aq) + H₂(g)
Thus, this is the net ionic equation of the reaction.
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2. What happens when an atom is oxidized? Give an example of a metal being oxidized
Answers
Answer:
Oxidation is the loss of electrons or an increase in the oxidation state of a chemical or atoms within it.
Iron is oxidized to form the iron oxide known as rust.
The hybridization of orbitals on the central atom in a molecule is sp2. The electron-domain geometry about this central atom is __________. A. octahedral
B. linear
C. trigonal planar
D. trigonal bipyramidal
E. tetrahedral
Answers
Planar trigonal C, The triangular planar molecules have a center atom that is linked to three other atoms and is sp2 hybridized. if the structure consists of just two bonds and one pair of electrons.
Which SP, SP2 or SP3, is more stable?The electrons of sp3 hybridized species are held farther away from the nucleus than those of sp2 (33% s-character) and sp (50% s-character) hybridized species because the s orbital is retained farther away from the nucleus and has a lower energy than the p orbital. The more stable the electrons are, the nearer to the nucleus they are.
What hybridization is the most potent?A relationship gets stronger and lasts shorter as its s-character increases. the strongest bond is a sp–sp bond, and sp3−sp3 bond is weakest.
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we saw that in the tlc plates, the 9-fluorenone moves far up the plate than the 9-fluorenol. that means that 9-fluorenone is a. 9-fluorenone is a larger moleculeb. 9-fluorenone is less polar than 9-fluorenol so it travels farther up the TLC plate.c. 9-fluorenone is aromatic so it travels farther up the TLC plated. 9-fluorenone is warmer than 9-fluorenol so it travels farther up the TLC plate
Answers
Polar molecules would move further in a liquid solution than in a non-polar solvent because they are more closely bound to polar solvents.
What does 9-fluorenone serve?The precursor 9-fluorenone has been used in the synthesis of a wide range of organic the electronic devices. Here are a few the typical instances: creation of the host for the blue and green organic light-emitting diodes (PHOLEDs).
Where is fluorene found?As the second most common PAH, fluorene is often present as a gas from a number of the sources, including tobacco smoke, resinous pitch, petroleum refining, exhaust fumes gases, and gasoline.
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what is the importance of knowing chemical reactions to engineers?
Answers
The importance of knowing chemical reactions to engineers is this information can be utilized to improve reactor design or operating circumstances such as feed flow rate and feed mix.
What are chemical reactions?Breaking carbon-carbon bonds between the reactant molecules (particles) and creating new bonds between atoms in product particles are examples of chemical reactions (molecules). The number of atoms is the same before and after the chemical transition, but the number of molecules changes.
Therefore, chemical reactions are important to engineers because they can be used to improve reactor design or operating conditions such as feed flow rate and feed mix.
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which of the following is not an important technique or concept for experiment 6?a.using the rydberg equation; b.using a spectroscope; c.performing a flame test; d.calculating the atomic mass of an element; e.making a calibration graph
Answers
The important technique not for experiment is performing a flame test.
One of the most frequently employed analytical techniques in chemistry is the flame test. It is primarily used to observe and examine the presence of specific elements in the given compound or salt.
The flame test typically looks for the presence of metal ions in a compound.
Every element has a different flame test because each element's ions have unique characteristics depending on their emission spectrum.
This distinction can be seen in the color of the flames that are produced when burning salt that contains metal ions.
It should be noted that atoms, not ions, are present in the emission spectrum of each element that determines the flame color in this case.
The visible color lines that are seen in flame tests are frequently the result of the electrons in the ions undergoing a transformation.
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This is the question that I have
Answers
The number of moles of gas in the given sample is equal to 3.324 mol.
What is the ideal gas equation?The ideal gas law can be demonstrated as an equation representing the behavior of a perfect gas. The product of the volume and pressure (P) is equal to the multiplication of the gas constant (R), moles of gas, and absolute temperature.
The ideal gas equation for a gas can be written as shown below:
PV = nRT
Where n is the moles, P is the pressure, V is the volume of the gas, T is temperature and R is the gas constant.
Given, the volume of gas, V = 76.87 L
The temperature of the gas, T = 40.04°C = 40.04 + 273 = 313.04 K
The pressure of the gas, P = 1.11 atm
Substituting the values T, V, R, and P in the gas equation, we will get:
The number of moles of the given gas sample, n = PV/RT
n = 1.11 ×76.87/(0.082 × 313.04)
n =3.324 mol
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while a carboxylic acid may contain many hydrogen atoms, the acidic hydrogen atom in any carboxylic acid is attached to a(n) ___ atom in the cooh group.
Answers
The acidic hydrogen atom in any carboxylic acid is attached to oxygen atom in the cooh group.
What is carboxylic acid?Carboxylic acids are organic compounds containing a carboxyl group, which is a functional group consisting of a carbonyl group (C=O) bonded to a hydroxyl group (–OH). They are found in nature in the form of fatty acids, amino acids, and carbohydrates. Carboxylic acids are often used in the production of polymers, fabrics, solvents, and surfactants. They have a wide range of applications, from pharmaceuticals to food additives. Carboxylic acids are also used in the production of chemical intermediates and as precursors to other compounds. Carboxylic acids are distinguished from other acids by the presence of a carbon atom bonded to an oxygen atom and a hydroxyl group. The acidic properties of carboxylic acids are due to the presence of the carboxyl group, which is highly polar and can form hydrogen bonds with other molecules.
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this experiment focuses on a chemical reaction based on alka-seltzer tablets, which you may have at home and even used yourself. however, we can still view this reaction through the chemical perspective we've been developing in this class. gg
Answers
Sodium bicarbonate and citric acid are used in this activity's interaction to create water and carbon dioxide.
HCO3- (aq) + H+ (aq) H2O (l) + CO2 (g)
Citric acid and sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) are also present in the pills Hydrogen ions (H+) and bicarbonate (HCO3-) are created when the tablet dissolves in water. The two compounds can then react in accordance with the reaction described above once they are in solution. The HCO3- and H+ must contact at the proper angle and with the appropriate amount of energy for the reaction to take place. Since there are more opportunities for collisions when the tablet is broken into more pieces and when the temperature is higher because the molecules are moving more quickly, the likelihood of this happening increases.Students will test out several scenarios for how Alka Seltzer tablets and water interact in this project. Students will start to understand what variables chemical engineers can regulate to achieve the desired outcome by varying temperature and the surface area available for reaction.It is customary to complete this task before making rockets in order to familiarize oneself with the reaction's characteristics before employing it in the Alka Seltzer Rockets exercise.Hence, Sodium bicarbonate and citric acid are used in this activity's interaction to create water and carbon dioxide.
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How much water has to be evaporated from 250ml of 1M Ca(OH)2 to make it 3M
Answers
[tex]\frac{1}{6}L[/tex] or 166.667 ml of water must be evaporated in order to make this solution 3M.
Explanation:1. Analyse the information.When the problem states "250ml of 1M Ca(OH)₂", it means that you have 250ml of a solution that contains 1 mole of solute (Ca(OH)₂) for each liter of the solution.
In order to make a 1M solution be a 3M solution, we'll have to remove some of the solvent liquid, in order to make it more concentrated.
2. Express the molarity.The original molarity is: M= Moles of solute (n) / Liters of solution (v).
3. Find the molarity.Since the problem states that the original molarity is 1M, we have 1 mole of solute per liter of solution in the original solution. Therefore, initial molarity is: [tex]M=\frac{1mol}{1liters}=\frac{0.250mol}{0.250L}[/tex]
250ml= 0.250 L.
4. Convert the molarity to 3M.
As you may see, in order to make the molarity fraction equal 3M, we'll have to multiply the numerator by 3 or divide the denominator by the same number:
[tex]M=\frac{0.250mol}{0.250L/3}=\frac{0.250mol}{\frac{1}{12} L}[/tex]
5. Calculate the amount of solution evaporated.The amount of solution evaporated is given by the difference between the denominator of the molarity of the original expression and the new expression:
[tex](0.250-\frac{1}{12})\\ \\(\frac{3}{12}-\frac{1}{12})L\\ \\\frac{2}{12} L\\ \\\frac{1}{6} L[/tex]
6. Conclude.[tex]\frac{1}{6}L[/tex] or 166.667 ml of water must be evaporated in order to make this solution 3M. The ending product will have the following molarity:
[tex]M=\frac{0.250moles}{\frac{1}{12} L} =3M[/tex].
3 rules that ionic compounds must follow
Answers
Answer:
Explanation:
Name the metal by its elemental name.
Name the nonmetal by its elemental name and an -ide ending.
Name polyatomic ions by their names.
The answer to this question= 3 rules that ionic compounds must follow are-
While naming an ionic compound, the cation should be named first and then only the anion should be named.For the species having multiple charges, for example, FeO and Fe2O3, naming these ionic compounds become difficult so in these cases we specify the charges using roman numerals, and this method is called the Stock system.In the formation of ionic compounds, one must take into notice that the positive and negative charges should be well balanced. Ionic compounds are further defined to have very high melting and boiling pointIonic compounds must be soluble in water.To learn more about Ionic Compounds,
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Identify the reactants and products at each electrode in the overall reaction for this voltaic cell. Chemical Species (4 items) (Drag and drop into the appropriate area below) H2(g) Mg?'(aq) Mg(s) H(aq) Reactants and Products Product Reactant
Answers
The state symbols for the reactants, products, and addition are as follows: Mg(s) + H2SO4 (aq) MgSO4 (aq) + H2 (g), where the sole reactants are H+(aq) and Fe (s). H2 is the offered product (g).
What are H2 O2's reactant and product?Energy is released and the molecules of hydrogen and oxygen can join to generate either water or hydrogen peroxide when the molecules of H2 and O2 are mixed and allowed to react.
What substances are the reactants and products in this reaction?The substance or substances to the left of the arrow in a chemical equation are the reactants. Reactants are substances that are present at the beginning of a chemical reaction. The substance or substances to the right of the arrow are products.
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Evidence II
How did the suspects make the silver coins look gold?
Answers
The zinc coating makes the coin appear to have a new silver covering. Brass is created when a coin is heated in a Bunsen flame due to the migration of zinc into the copper's surface layer. This gives the coin a gold appearance.
The following describes how zinc and sodium hydroxide react to generate sodium zincate:
Na2[Zn(OH)4](aq) + H2 = Zn(s) + 2NaOH(aq) + 2H2O(l) (g)
A wire or direct contact between the copper and the zinc, as in this case, is required for the plating reaction to occur in an electrochemical cell.
The following electrode reactions:
Zn(s) Zn2+(aq) + 2e- at the zinc electrode, then the zinc ions complex as [Zn(OH)4].
2–(aq)
Zn(s) + 4OH- at the copper electrode: [Zn(OH)4]2-(aq) + 2e- (aq)
The zinc coating gives the coin the appearance of having a silver coating.
To determine the amount of zinc added, weigh the coins both before and after plating.
Brass is created when the coin is heated under a Bunsen flame because the zinc migrates into
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Which of the following best explains why more energy is required for the process occurring at 110 K than for the process occurring at 90 K? A. Intermolecular attractions are completely overcome during vaporization B. Intermolecular attractions in the solid phase are weaker than in the liquid phaseC. Electron clouds of methane molecules are less polarizable at lower temperaturesD. Vaporization involves larger increase in temperature
Answers
Vaporization totally overcomes intermolecular attractions. Water has an enthalpy of vaporization (energy required to boil) of 40.7 kJ/mol.
A is the ideal answer.
Which of the following best explains why CaF2 dissolves in water with a positive value for H?Which of the following best exemplifies how the positive value of H° for CaF2 dissolving in water is explained? In the crystal lattice, Ca2+ ions and F- ions have very potent ion-ion interactions.
Which of the following best justifies the claim and accurately determines whether Cl or Ar has the higher first-ionization energy?Due of its greater effective nuclear charge, Ar. The atomic radius and initial ionization energy of several elements are displayed in the table above.
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Classify each phase change as exothermic, endothermic, or neither exothermic or endothermic. Exothermic Endothermic Neither Answer Bank melting freezing vaporization sublimation deposition condensation Phase changes are transitions between solid, liquid, and gas phases. For example, ice melting is an example of a phase change from a solid (ice) to a liquid (water). Phase changes involve changes in energy. Which of the statements regarding phase changes are true? ✓ Melting is the conversion of a solid to a liquid. O Condensation is the conversion of a liquid to a solid. O Sublimation is the conversion of a solid to a gas. O Deposition is the conversion of a solid to a gas.
Answers
Melting, sublimation, and vaporizations are endothermic. Freezing, deposition, and condensation are exothermic.
What are endothermic and exothermic reactions?
Chemical processes referred to as endothermic reactions occur when the reactants take in heat energy from their environment to create products. These reactions produce a cooling effect by bringing the temperature of the space around them down. When a chemical connection is broken, energy is frequently released in the process. Similar to how physical bonds are formed, chemical bonds too require energy. There are numerous ways that energy can be provided or discharged (such as heat, light, and electricity). Endothermic reactions typically result in the creation of chemical bonds while absorbing heat from the environment.An exothermic reaction is one in which energy is given off as heat or light. The change in enthalpy (H) in an exothermic reaction will be negative. The net energy needed to start an exothermic reaction is therefore less than the net energy produced by the process, which makes sense. The net amount of heat energy that passes through a calorimeter, a device used to quantify the heat emitted by a chemical reaction, equals the opposite of the system's total energy change.Hence, all about exothermic and endothermic process.
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Which of the following correctly identify the main types of oxidizing agents used in organic oxidation reactions?
A) Alkali metals dissolved in ammonia
B) Reagents containing H2 on a metal catalyst
C) Reagents containing a carbon-halogen bond
D) Reagents containing an oxygen-oxygen bond
E) Reagents containing an oxygen-metal bond
Answers
The following correctly identify the main types of oxidizing agents used in organic oxidation reactions :
D) Reagents containing an oxygen-oxygen bond
E) Reagents containing an oxygen-metal bond
The oxidation reaction are the reaction is the removal of the hydrogen is called as the oxidation reaction . the increases in the oxidation number or we can say that the loss of the electron are called as the oxidation reaction. The removal of the oxygen is called as the reduction reaction . the decreases in the oxidation number or the gain of the electron is the reduction reaction.
Thus, the Reagents containing an oxygen-oxygen bond and Reagents containing an oxygen-metal bond are main types of the oxidizing agents used in oxidation reaction.
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HELP PLS Asap Why do slimmer objects go faster than things with more structure (use scientific terminology)
Answers
There are several factors that can contribute to the speed of an object, including its mass, shape, and the surface it is moving on. In general, slimmer objects tend to go faster than objects with more structure because they offer less resistance to movement, which allows them to accelerate more quickly and reach higher speeds.
One factor that can affect the speed of an object is its mass, or the amount of matter it contains. All other things being equal, an object with a lower mass will tend to be faster than an object with a higher mass, because it has less matter to move and therefore requires less energy to accelerate.
Another factor that can affect the speed of an object is its shape, or the way it is structured. Slimmer objects tend to be more streamlined, meaning they have a shape that allows them to move through the air or water with less resistance. This can allow them to go faster than more structured objects, which may have a shape that creates more drag or resistance to movement.
Finally, the surface an object is moving on can also affect its speed. For example, an object moving on a smooth, flat surface may be able to go faster than an object moving on a rough or uneven surface, because the smooth surface offers less resistance to movement.
Overall, the speed of an object is determined by a combination of these and other factors, including the force applied to the object and the level of resistance it encounters. Slimmer objects tend to go faster than objects with more structure because they offer less resistance to movement, which allows them to accelerate more quickly and reach higher speeds.
A carbohydrate with two sugar units would be a(n) __________. A. Polysaccharide
B. Monosaccharide
C. Carbosaccharide
D. Oligosaccharide
Answers
A carbohydrate with two sugar units would be a(n) oligosaccharide. Correct answer: letter D.
This is because an oligosaccharide is a carbohydrate that contains two to ten sugar molecules, making it a carbohydrate with two sugar units.
What are carbohydrates?Are a type of organic compound found in living things. They are composed of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen in the ratio of C:H:O = 1:2:1. Carbohydrates are the main source of energy for the body and are found in many foods, such as:
GrainsFruitsVegetablesDairy productsThey can be further divided into simple carbohydrates, such as sugar, and complex carbohydrates, such as starch.
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Draw the organic products formed when CH3CH2C≡C−Na+ reacts with BrCH2CH2CH2CH2OH
Answers
Strong nucleophile Sodiumbutyne reacts with 4-bromobutanol to produce a nucleophilic substitution reaction.
What is nucleophilic substitution reaction?Nucleophilic substitution reaction is defined as a series of reactions where a positively charged electrophile is attacked by an electron-rich nucleophile to remove a leaving group.
This causes the mass of the product to increase with the addition of more carbon atoms. The strong base sodiumbutyne reacts with the alcohol's hydrogen to produce an acid-base reaction. Consequently, lower mass product alkyne is formed.
Thus, strong nucleophile Sodiumbutyne reacts with 4-bromobutanol to produce a nucleophilic substitution reaction.
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Sam pipettes out 10 mL of 1.5 M AgNO3 solution and dilutes it to make the total volume of 30 mL. What is the concentration of the new solution?
Answers
The new concentration (molarity) of the solution is 0.5M.
According to this question, Sam pipettes dilutes 10ml of a 1.5 M AgNO3 solution with water until the final volume is 30 ml.
Formula =
C1V1 = C2V2
Where;
C1 = initial molarityC2 = final molarityV1 = in initial volumeV2 = final volume1.5 × 10 = 30 × C2
15 = 30C2
C2 = 15/30 = 0.5M
Therefore, the new molarity of the solution is 0.5M.
What is concentration in chemistry?
A measure of the concentration of a chemical variants, in peculiar of a solute in a solution, in terms of amount of object per unit volume of solution is called concentration. Its also called molarity, amount concentration or substance concentration.
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Which of the following will result in a linear plot when the natural logarithm of the species concentration (Al) is plotted against time? A. A reaction rate that is dependent on concentration of only one of the reactants. B. A reaction rate that is dependent on concentration of all the reactants C. A reaction rate that is Independent of concentration of any of the reactants D. All of the above.
Answers
The result in a linear plot when the natural logarithm of the species concentration (Al) is plotted against time will be (A) A reaction rate is dependent on the concentration of only one reactant.
The linear plot between ln([A]) and time will follow the First-order reaction kinetics, that is as follows;
ln[A] = -kt + ln[A]0
In the above-mentioned equation;
k = rate constant
[A]0 = initial concentration of the reactant.
By the equation, it is confirmed that it is a linear plot between ln([A]) and t.
Therefore, A reaction rate is dependent on the concentration of only one reactant.
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Differentiate between an organic combustion reaction and an inorganic combustion reaction.
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In the following reaction, 8.24 mol of P4 mix with 24.2 mol of O₂.
P4 (s) + 5 O2 (g) → 2 P₂O5 (s)
a. Find the limiting reagent. Explain.
b. How many moles of P2O5 (s) will be produced?
C. How many grams of P₂O5 (s) will be produced?
Answers
The limiting reagent is O₂.
What is reagent?Reagents are substances used to facilitate or accelerate chemical reactions. They can be either synthesized in the laboratory or found naturally. Reagents can also serve as catalysts, solvents, buffers, surfactants, and/or scavengers. They are essential components of most chemical processes, enabling scientists and engineers to control and manipulate reactants and products. Reagents are also used to detect, measure, and identify substances in a variety of analytical procedures.
a. The limiting reagent is O₂. This is because there is less moles of O₂ than P4, so O₂ will be used up faster and will be the first reactant to be completely used up.
b. 24.2 mol of O₂ will react with 8.24 mol of P4, producing 16.16 mol of P₂O5 (s).
c. 16.16 mol of P₂O5 (s) will produce 143.1 g of P₂O5 (s). This is calculated by using the molar mass of P₂O5 (s): 143.1 g/mol.
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Which pair of elements would most likely combine to form a salt?
Li and Ar
Ca and Al
Mg and Br
N and S
Answers
The pair of elements most likely to combine in order to form a salt would be Mg and Br. Option 3.
What are salts?Salts are chemical compounds formed by the combination of positive ions, usually from bases, and negative ions, usually from acids. In other words, salt cannot be formed from two positive or two negative ions.
Going by this definition:
Li and Ar are both positive ions and thus, cannot form a salt.Ca and Al are both positive ions and thus, cannot form a salt.N and S are both negative ions and cannot form a salt.On the other hand, Mg forms a positive ion, [tex]Mg^{2+[/tex], and Br forms a negative ion, [tex]Br^-[/tex]. Thus both can form a salt, unlike other options.
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ls the mass of anion the same as the mass of its parent atom? explain your answer.
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A stimulus has opened the voltage-gated sodium channel in an area of a neuron's plasma membrane. As a result, _______ rushes into the neuron and diffuses to adjacent areas; this in turn results in the ________ in the adjacent areas.
a. potassium / opening of voltage-gated potassium channels
b. sodium / opening of voltage-gated potassium channels
c. sodium / opening of voltage-gated sodium channels
d. sodium / closing of voltage-gated sodium channels
e. potassium / opening of voltage-gated sodium channels
c. sodium / opening of voltage-gated sodium channels
Answers
A stimulus has opened the voltage-gated sodium channel in an area of a neuron's plasma membrane. As a result, sodium rushes into the neuron and diffuses to adjacent areas; this in turn results in the opening of voltage-gated sodium channels in the adjacent areas. Thus, option "c" is correct.
When the potential in the membrane rises above the threshold energy, the natrium voltage-gated sodium channels will be opened. The opening of the natrium voltage-gated sodium channels will allow the movement of sodium to the cells. This happens because the concentration of sodium outside the cell is much higher than inside the cells, the sodium will flow into the cells.
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photosynthesis can be divided into the light dependent reaction and the light independent reaction. determine which of the following key terms would be associated with each reaction.
Answers
The light -dependent stage of photosynthesis contain the absorption of light via pigments consisting chlorophyll and the switch of electrons from water to generate ATP and NADPH. These reactions arise in the thylakoid membranes of the chloroplasts and also are referred to as the Hill response or the electron transport chain. Key phrases related to the light dependent stage are:
Chlorophyll: a pigment found in the chloroplasts of plants that absorbs light energy and converts it into chemical energy.Thylakoid: a flattened, stack-like membrane found in the chloroplasts of a plant life where the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis arise.ATP: adenosine triphosphate, a molecule that stores and releases energy in cellsNADPH: nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, a molecule that carries electrons and hydrogen ions and is involved in the synthesis of glucose and different natural compoundsElectron transport chain: a sequence of reactions where electrons are transferred from one molecule to another, producing energy which is used to supply ATPThe light-independent reactions of photosynthesis, additionally referred to as the Calvin cycle or the carbon fixation cycle, contain the conversion of carbon dioxide into glucose and different natural compounds by the usage of the energy saved in ATP and NADPH. These reactions arise in the stroma of the chloroplasts. Key phrases related to the mild-unbiased reactions include:
Calvin cycle: a sequence of reactions where carbon dioxide is transformed into glucose and different natural compounds by the usage of the energy saved in ATP and NADPHStroma: the fluid-filled space of the chloroplasts where the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis take place.Carbon fixation: the method of changing carbon dioxide into natural compoundsGlucose: a simple sugar this is a vital supply of energy for cells.Read more about photosynthesis at:
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What is the percentage yield of a reaction if the actual yield is 15 g and the theoretical yield is 22 g?
Answers
Considering the definition of percent yield, the percentage yield of the reaction is 68.18%.
Percent yieldTo determine the efficiency of a reaction, the percent yield is used, which describes the ratio of the actual yield to the theoretical yield.
The percent yield is calculated as the experimental yield divided by the theoretical yield multiplied by 100%:
percent yield= (actual yield÷ theoretical yield)× 100%
where:
In a chemical reaction it can happen that the reactants do not react completely or that their interaction generates other products. These factors decrease the yield of the reaction, leading to the actual yield.The theoretical yield is the amount of product acquired through the complete conversion of all reagents in the final product.Percent yield in this caseIn this case, you know:
actual yield= 15 gtheoretical yield= 22 gReplacing in the definition of percent yield:
percent yield= (15 g÷ 22 g)× 100%
Solving:
percent yield= 68.18%
Finally, the percentage yield is 68.18%.
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The three dienes(red) associated with compound A - C do not react similarly with a dienophile. One diene has a low activation barrier and reacts rapidly; one diene has a high activation barrier and any product formed will be highly reactive; and one diene is inactive. Select the answer that lists dienes A, B, and C from most reactive toward a Diels-Alder reaction to unreactive.
A) c,b,a
B) a,b,c
C) a,c,b
D) b,a,c