In modern systematics, species are organized into monophyletic groups based on their evolutionary relationships; that is, they are organized into clades.
Systematics is a branch of biology that deals with classification of organisms based on their species, genus or taxa, which represents their evolutionary relationships. A monophyletic group consists of members having common ancestral origin and all the descendants of that most recent common ancestor. It is same as cladistic grouping. It also has descendants of common ancestors. Identification of evolutionary relationships helps in understanding the anatomy of the extinct organisms, their development over time and how their features evolved to survive in the changing nature/ environmental conditions. Evolutionary biology seeks to explain the diversity of life and interpret the adaptations among the species. With time, the most fit species survived by the process of natural selection of best evolved species.
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how does the central nervous system integrate incoming information
Answer:
Explanation:
The brain and the spinal cord make up the central nervous system. The nervous system is the most complex and highly organized body system. It receives information from the sensory organs via nerves, transmits the information through the spinal cord, and processes it in the brain.
Why is photosynthesis and cellular respiration considered a cycle?
Answer:
Cellular respiration and photosynthesis are considered a cycle because the product (end material) of one reaction serves as the starting material for the other reaction
Explanation:
The starting material for cellular respiration is sugar and water and the products are carbon dioxide and water. Water and carbon dioxide are starting material for photosynthesis.
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Sort the statements based on whether they describe DNA replication in eukaryotes or prokaryotes.
Replication takes place in
the nucleus.
Replication happens at just
one point on the chromosome.
There is only one origin of
replication.
Replication takes place
in the cytoplasm.
Prokaryotes
G
There are multiple origins
of replication.
Replication occurs at multiple
points along the chromosome.
Eukaryotes
The nucleus is where replication occurs in eukaryotes. Replication has several different origins. Along the chromosome, replication takes place several times. Prokaryotes replicate within their cytoplasm. Only one location on a chromosome experiences replication. There is just one origin for replication.
The process of DNA replication, which is managed by the enzyme DNA polymerase, involves the genetic material of a cell—in this case, the DNA—making a perfect copy of itself. In comparison to bacteria, which replicate at a pace of about 500 nucleotides per second, mammals replicate at a rate of about 50 nucleotides per second.
Prokaryotic DNA replication happens through a single origin of replication, whereas eukaryotic DNA replication occurs through numerous replication origins. This is the primary distinction between prokaryotic and eukaryotic DNA replication.
Thus, we can conclude that the location, complexity, and size of the cell have a role in the differences between DNA replication in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
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1. What is the color of the following plant pigments? which wavelengths do they absorb?.
The yellow-green pigment chlorophyll A absorbs light between the wavelengths of 430 and 662 nm.
How does chlorophyll affect the body?Chlorophyll, according to supplement manufacturers, has a variety of benefits, including increasing red blood cells, aiding in weight loss, healing damaged skin, removing toxins, reducing inflammation, and preventing cancer. Although the list seems impressive, only a small portion of the claims are supported by research.
Why is green chlorophyll green?The electromagnetic spectrum's blue and red halves are where chlorophyll absorbs light with the greatest intensity. The green color of tissues containing chlorophyll results from the fact that it is a poor absorber of the green and near-green regions of the spectrum.
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What is the process in which an mrna molecule is used to synthesize a specific polypeptide on a ribosome?.
The process in which an m-RNA molecule is used to synthesize a specific polypeptide on a ribosome is called translation.
m-RNA stands for messenger RNA. It is the main coding enzyme that encodes the information from the DNA sequence to be translated to the protein. It is transcribed from the DNA with the help of enzyme RNA Polymerase II in eukaryotic cells.
Ribosome is a nucleoprotein. It is the main machinery for the synthesis of protein. The ribosome is composed of two subunits: a small subunit and a large subunit. There are two types of ribosomes: 70 S type and 80 S type.
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During photosynthesis, the energy used to pump protons comes from ___________, whereas in cellular respiration it comes from _____________.
During photosynthesis, the energy used to pump protons comes from ______light_____, whereas in cellular respiration it comes from ______NADH/FADH₂_______.
What are the steps in photosynthesis?The first step in photosynthesis is the absorption of light by chlorophyll bound to chloroplast thylakoid proteins. The absorbed light energy is used to remove electrons from electron donors such as water to form oxygen.The electrons are then transferred to the primary electron acceptor, quinine (Q.). Electrons are further transferred from the primary electron acceptor to the final electron acceptor (usually NADP⁺).Proton transfer from the thylakoid lumen to the stroma via the F₀F₁ complex generates ATP from ADP and Pi.The NADP and ATP produced in steps 2 and 3 provide the energy, and the electrons power the process of reducing the carbon to a six-carbon sugar molecule.The first three steps of photosynthesis, are directly dependent on light energy and are thus, called light reactions, while the reactions in the last step are independent of light and thus are termed dark reactions.
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a(n) cell contains two sets of chromosomes, one set of chromosomes inherited from each parent. multiple choice question.
A diploid cell contains two sets of chromosomes, one set of chromosomes inherited from each parent.
A diploid cell contains two full sets of chromosomes. With 23 chromosomal pairs totaling 46 chromosomes, diploid human cells predominate. 22 pairs of autosomes and a pair of sex chromosomes make up this.
Chromosomes are arranged in homologous pairs in diploid cells. The term "diploid chromosomal number" refers to how many chromosomes are present in a cell as a whole (2n). In a diploid human cell, there are 46 chromosomes altogether since in this case, 2n = 46.
The DNA from both of the organism's parents makes up the homologous chromosomal pairs; the mother and father each contribute one chromosome to each pair.
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what percentage of offspring will have a homozygotes dominate dominant genotype?
0 percent
100 percent
25 percent
50 percent
Answer:
100 percent
Explanation:
In an experiment, you test whether the number of times you rub a cloth against a balloon changes how long it will stick against the wall. You start by rubbing the balloon 10 times with the cloth and stick it to the wall. You repeat this three times and record your results in a table.
Observation
Number of Times Balloon is Rubbed by Cloth Trial #1 Trial #2 Trial #3
10 6 seconds 20 seconds 20 seconds
What statement best reflects why you should do repeated trials in an experiment?
Rubbing the balloon against a cloth 10 times produces very different results each time it is repeated.
The first trial is right because it is done with new materials that give the best results.
The second and third trials were wrong because they were very different from the first trial.
You would make a wrong conclusion if it were based on the first trial in the experiment.
The statement that best reflects why you should do repeated trials in an experiment is:
You would make a wrong conclusion if it were based on the first trial in the experiment; option D.
What are experiments?Experiments are tests or procedures performed to test a given hypothesis or theory about a given observation.
In performing experiments, the procedure usually involves the repetition of steps in the reaction.
Repetition is necessary in order to remove bias in measurements and to lower sampling and random error.
The steps in conducting experiments include the following:
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1. Which of the following is the main processing center for the entire nervous system?
a) central nervous system
b) somatic nervous system
which of the following would be the first step in biosynthesis of a virus with a - (minus) strand of rna?
a. synthesis of protein from - strand RNA used as a template
b. synthesis of DNA from - strand RNA used as a template
c. synthesis of + stranded RNA from - strand RNA used as a template
d. synthesis of - stranded RNA from - strand RNA used as a template
Answer: Synthesis of double-strand RNA from an RNA template.
Explanation:
Some researchers suggest that ______ molecules were the first information molecules formed on early earth.
Answer: RNA
Explanation:
The RNA world hypothesis suggests that life on Earth began with a simple RNA molecule that could copy itself.
What happens when human DNA is inserted into a bacterial plasmid?
Answer:
creates a so-called recombinant plasmid
Researchers can insert DNA fragments or genes into a plasmid vector, creating a so-called recombinant plasmid. This plasmid can be introduced into a bacterium by way of a process called transformation. Then, because bacteria divide rapidly, they can be used as factories to copy DNA fragments in large quantities.
What is inserting a human gene into a bacterial plasmid?
Recombinant DNA is a technology scientist developed that made it possible to insert a human gene into the genetic material of a common bacterium.
What is it called when DNA is inserted into a plasmid?
In a typical cloning experiment, researchers first insert a piece of DNA, such as a gene, into a circular piece of DNA called a plasmid. This step uses restriction enzymes and DNA ligase and is called ligation.
Thus, by inserting human DNA into a bacterial plasmid, bacteria divide rapidly and they can be used as factories to copy DNA fragments.
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The trend for women to delay childbirth until their late 20s or early 30s has ___________ while the peak years for female fertility are ____________.
While the peak years for female fertility are declining, the trend for women to put off having children until their late 20s or early 30s has a high fertility rate.
Is childbirth more difficult in your 30s?After you reach your mid-30s, pregnancy is something to think about more. Women who are older have a higher risk of miscarriage or stillbirth. They are more likely to experience preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, and to give birth to a very little child.
When do women start having children?The prime reproductive years for women are from their late teens to late 20s. Age 30 marks the onset of a reduction in fertility (the capacity to become pregnant). Once you're in your mid-30s, this drop accelerates.
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compared with cells that are surrounded by a lipid membrane, viruses . . . choose one:a. may be surrounded by a membrane synthesized by viral proteins.b. may be surrounded by a membrane derived from the host cell.c. are also always surrounded by a lipid membrane.d. are never surrounded by a lipid membrane.
Not even all viruses have an envelope-like membrane surrounding the capsid. Viruses do have a wall outside of the capsid, but it originates from the host.
What do viruses possess?
A virus's outer layer is formed of a nutrient coat that serves as the nucleus of its mitochondrial Genome, either RNA or Genetic material. The second spikey coat of the mailbox is occasionally seen around the virus. Viruses are able to attach to and enter new hosts.
How do viruses become made?
It's probable that mobile genetic elements that had the ability to move between cells gave rise to viruses. They might be related to organisms that were once free-living but later switched to a parasitic mode of reproduction. It's possible that viruses existed before cellular life developed and helped to shape it.
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Why are soft-bodied organisms less likely to leave a fossil trace than hard-bodied organisms?.
The soft body parts of the organism are more likely to deteriorate when buried inside the earth and hence they do not leave any fossil trace than the hard-bodied organisms.
Fossils are the remains, traces or impressions of the animals and plants that dies millions of years ago and were buried deep down in the Earth. The fossils provide information about the organisms of those times and also help in establishing the ancestral history of current organisms and their evolution.
Evolution is the change in species that occurs in long periods of time for generations over generations. The term evolution is a population concept because evolution can never be seen in one individual but is visible in a population.
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A parallel circuit ha a 12V power pack. It ha 2 branche each with a light bulb on. What i the potential difference of each of the light bulb?
The potential difference between each of the light bulbs will be 6.
According to ohms law,
V=IR
V=12v
R=2 (2 branches draw current so they serve as resistance)
I=V/R
=12/2
=6 A
This current will serve as the voltage difference between each light bulb.
The potential difference may be a degree of the sum of vitality exchanged between two points in a circuit. Potential contrast is additionally known as voltage and is measured in volts (V).
The potential difference over a component is measured by employing a voltmeter set in parallel with the component. Voltage, moreover, known as electric weight, electric pressure, or (electric) potential contrast, is the distinction in electric potential between two focuses.
In an inactive electric field, it compares to the work required per unit of charge to move a test charge between the two focuses.
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Which of the following compounds can be classified as a proteins?
what is an index fossil? group of answer choices a marker used to determine the age of a geological layer the ideal specimen of that species that all later descriptions must refer to the type specimen of a species a fossil found in a particular site
An index is a fossil use to categories a stratigraphic layer.
What is index fossil ?Geological periods are identified using index fossils. The term "commonly found, widely distributed fossils that are limited in time span" can be used to describe these fossils. One can estimate the age of a layer if they discover an index fossil in it. The geological eras are identified by using index fossils.
Index fossils are the remains of organisms that lived briefly and widely, leaving behind a large number of fossils. Scientists can match rock layers using index fossils. The age of two rock layers that contain the same index fossil but are located in different locations is similar.Learn more about Index fossil here:
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2 liters of 2% sucrose solution from 10% concentrated stock solution
In order to get 2 liters of 2% sucrose solution from 10% concentrated solution, 0.4 liters of the stock would be taken and diluted with 1.6 liters of water.
DilutionThe problem here is that of a simple dilution. The dilution principle affirms that the number of moles before and after dilution must be constant.
[tex]m_1v_1[/tex] = [tex]m_2v_2[/tex]
where:
[tex]m_1[/tex] = initial concentration or concentration of the stock solution.
[tex]m_2[/tex] = final concentration or concentration of the diluted solution.
[tex]v_1[/tex] = initial volume or volume of the stock solution to be diluted.
[tex]v_2[/tex] = final volume or volume of the diluted solution
In this case:
[tex]m_1[/tex] = 10%
[tex]m_2[/tex] = 2%
[tex]v_2[/tex] = 2 liters
[tex]v_1[/tex] = [tex]m_2v_2/m_1[/tex]
= 2 x 2/10
= 0.4 liters
Thus, 0.4 liters of the 10% stock solution would be taken and diluted up to the 2 liters mark (by adding 1.6 liters of water) to make a 2% solution.
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Is O2 (oxygen gas) a molecule
Is H2O (water) a molecule
Is N2 (nitrogen gas) a molecule
Is CO2 (carbon dioxide gas) a molecule
Is CH4 (methane gas) a molecule
this is 5th grade science btw!
The nervous tissue outside of the central nervous system composes the ________ nervous system.
The nervous tissue outside of the central nervous system composes the peripheral nervous system.
Nervous tissues are the tissues found in the brain, spinal cord and also the nerves. There are two main types of cells in the nervous tissue: nerve cells and glial cells. Their function is to regulate all the body functions by the receiving and transmission of signals.
Peripheral nervous system is a type of nervous system which is further subdivided into: autonomic nervous system and somatic nervous system. The components of peripheral nervous system are the nerves that branch off from the spinal cord and extends to the whole body.
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Which of the following physical features would characterize an area that has low access to freshwater or limited rainfall?
O Dry
O Wet
O Cold
O Mountainous
Answer: O Dry
Explanation:
Answer:
The answer would be dry.
Explanation:
It would be dry because, let’s say it was the desert… the dessert does not get much rainfall. Also it has barely any access to freshwater
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Why does a shaved camel standing in the sun require more water than an unshorn camel?.
In order to lower the bog, sweat essentially cools the air around the body as it evaporates. The shaved camel needs more water because it dries out more quickly than an onshore camel.
What justifies the process of evaporation?The process of evaporation causes a liquid to become a gas. The phenomenon is easy to visualize when raindrops "vanish" on a hot day and when wet clothing dry in the sun. In these situations, the liquid water isn't truly dissipating; instead, it's evaporating into such a gas known as the water vapor. We experience global evaporation.
Why is it called evaporation?Evaporation occurs on surfaces. Evaporation is a surface phenomenon because it occurs when molecules with higher kinetic energy from the top layer of the liquid escape into the air.
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when the viral dna is incorporated into the host cells chromosome the viral dna is referred to as a
when the viral DNA is incorporated into the host cells chromosome the viral DNA is referred to as a capsid
what is virus ?
A virus is a connecting link between living and nonliving organism, depend on living host cell for their survival, a chain of nucleic acids (DNA or RNA) which and use different parts of the cellular machinery to reproduce, and releases the replicated nucleic acid chains
A virus has a protein coat or protein envelope, which allows the virus to survive between hosts act as a protective covering, do not have cells and lack a cell wall .
it is surrounded by protein coating called the capsid, genetic element present and is characterized by the evolution of the virus and the host.
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Protists include?
a. yeasts and molds.
b. algae and protozoa.
c. helminths.
d. all of these choices are correct.
Protists consist of algae and protozoa. accurate choice is b. algae and protozoa. Algae are plant-like organisms that may be both unicellular or multicellular, and derive electricity through photosynthesis.
Protozoa are unicellular organisms with complicated mobileular structures; maximum are motile. Microscopic fungi consist of molds and yeasts. Helminths are multicellular parasitic worms. In the protist kingdom, there are important groups: protozoa (which might be normally heterotrophic) and algae (which might be normally autotrophic).
The essential distinction among protozoa and algae is that protozoa are heterotrophic, at the same time as algae are autotrophic. This manner that protozoa ought to locate and ingest their meals from their environment, at the same time as algae are photosynthetic and are capable of make their personal meals.
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what is the term that refers to the way the muscle fibers grow within the bundle?
How are humans classified within a food chain
How are humans classified within a food chain:
Humans are secondary consumers within the food chain
[ 2.2 on the Trophic level ]
Explanation:
They obtain their food from producers (plants) and other animals (herbivores and consumers)
which statement characterizes commensalism?
a) both organisms are negatively affected.
b) one organism benefits while the other organism experiences harm.
c) one organism benefits while the other organism is not affected.
Answer:
c) one organism benefits while the other organism is not affected.
Which of the following best describes the genetic material a person receives from each parent?