The correct answer is
a. Compare the Re values of the mixture components to the Ry values of pure known compounds.
Chromatography can identify the components of an unknown mixture by comparing the retention time or retention index of the mixture components to that of known compounds.
Retention time is the time it takes for a compound to pass through a chromatographic column, and retention index is a measure of the distance a compound travels through the column compared to a set of reference compounds. Compounds in a mixture can be identified by comparing the retention time or retention index of the mixture components to pure known compounds.
Other techniques that can be used chromatographically to identify unknown mixture components include mass spectrometry, infrared spectroscopy, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. These techniques involve analyzing the molecular properties of mixture components to determine their identities.
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When Wavelength is 4.75 x 10-9 what is the frequency of the wave?
3.14 x10-25
1.58 x 10-17
O6.74 x 10 16
The frequency of the given wave is equal to 6.32 × 10¹⁶ Hz.
What are frequency and wavelength?The frequency of the wave can be defined as the number of cycles of a wave in one second. The S.I. units of frequency are per second (s⁻¹) or Hertz.
The wavelength can be defined as the distance between the two crests or troughs in phase with respect to each other.
The expression between wavelength, speed of light, and frequency (ν) is:
c = νλ
Given, the wavelength of the wave, ν = 4.75 ×10⁻⁹ m
The speed of light, [tex]c = 3 \times 10^8 m/s[/tex]
The frequency of the waves can be calculated from the above-mentioned relationship:
ν = c/λ = 3 × 10⁸/4.75 ×10⁻⁹ = 0.632 × 10¹⁷ = 6.32 × 10¹⁶
Therefore, the frequency of the wave is equal to 6.32 × 10¹⁶ Hz.
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for the spectrochemical series as a whole, which of the following correctly describes the factors that lead to a ligand being strong field?
the correctly describes the factor that lead to a ligand being strong field is [Co(en)3]^3+ .
Which ligand in the spectrochemical series is the strongest?Enable Complete Solution (Free)CN- is the right response.Major points.The strongest field ligand among the offered ligands is the CN- (negative) ligand, which has the highest value of.
What elements determine the ligand's degree of potency?So, we anticipate that the metal-ligand orbital overlap will be correlated with the ligand field strength.Thus, weak field ligands are anticipated for ligands that bind through highly electronegative atoms like O and halogens, whereas strong field ligands are often expected for ligands that bind through C or P.N-binding ligands have intermediate binding energies.
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A compound has a molar mass of 108.5g/mol and an empirical formula of C3H5O2Cl What is the molecular formula?
The molecular formula of the given compound will be C₃H₅O₂Cl.
What is the empirical formula?The empirical formula can be described as the simplest ratio of the number of different atoms in a compound. The molecular formula gives the actual number of each different atom of each element present in a molecule.
The molecular formula is generally a multiple of the empirical formula of a compound.
Given the molar mass of the compound is 108.5 g/mol
The empirical formula of the compound is C₃H₅O₂Cl.
The empirical formula mass = 12 × 3 + 5×1 + 2×16 + 35.5 = 108 g
Therefore, n = 108/108 = 1
The molecular formula = (C₃H₅O₂Cl)₁ = C₃H₅O₂Cl
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M/J 09/P1/Q1
In leaded petrol there is
an additive composed of lead, carbon and hydrogen only. This compound contains
29.7% carbon and 6.19% hydrogen by mass.
What is the value of x in the empirical formula PbC₂Hx?
A 5
B 6
C 16
D 20
Answer: hahahaha okay this is the explanation:
Explanation:
To find the value of x in the empirical formula PbC₂Hx, we can use the percentage compositions of carbon and hydrogen to determine the mole ratios of C and H in the compound.
First, we need to convert the percentage compositions of C and H to mass compositions. To do this, we can divide the percentage compositions by the atomic masses of C and H:
C: 29.7% / 12.01 g/mol = 2.47 g C/mol C
H: 6.19% / 1.01 g/mol = 6.11 g H/mol H
Next, we can divide the mass compositions of C and H by their respective atomic masses to get the number of moles of C and H:
C: 2.47 g C / 12.01 g/mol = 0.206 mol C
H: 6.11 g H / 1.01 g/mol = 6.03 mol H
Since there are 2 moles of C and x moles of H in the compound, we can set up the following equation:
2 mol C / 0.206 mol C = x mol H / 6.03 mol H
Solving for x, we get:
x = 6.03 mol H * 2 mol C / 0.206 mol C
= 29.4 mol H
Since x represents the number of moles of H, the closest integer value is 29. Therefore, the value of x in the empirical formula PbC₂Hx is 29, and the correct answer is D) 20.
Would a energy-capturing knee brace be a good system for a rescue team? Why or why not?
Yes, most definitely.
Explanation:What is an energy-capturing knee brace?These regenerative brakes collect kinetic energy that normally dissipate as heat when the car slows down. The knee device collects energy lost when a person brakes the knee after swinging the leg forward to take a step, the researchers said.
I hope my answer helped you! If you need more information or help, comment down below and I will be sure to respond if I am online. Have a wonderful rest of your day!
what is the importance of knowing chemical reactions to engineers?
The importance of knowing chemical reactions to engineers is this information can be utilized to improve reactor design or operating circumstances such as feed flow rate and feed mix.
What are chemical reactions?Breaking carbon-carbon bonds between the reactant molecules (particles) and creating new bonds between atoms in product particles are examples of chemical reactions (molecules). The number of atoms is the same before and after the chemical transition, but the number of molecules changes.
Therefore, chemical reactions are important to engineers because they can be used to improve reactor design or operating conditions such as feed flow rate and feed mix.
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Select all the parameters that describe the physical state of a gas sample.
Temperature
Number of moles
Volume
Pressure
Clearly, the only factors that affect a substance's gaseous state at a given temperature are pressure, the number of molecules present, and its volume. The state parameters are P, V, n, and T.
What are the ideal gas's four variables?Three state variables—absolute pressure (P), volume (V), and absolute temperature—define an ideal gas (T ). We must add a fourth variable, the amount of moles, to these three state variables.
What are the top three characteristics of gas?Three characteristics of gases are as follows: They take up much more room than the liquids or solids they produce because they are (1) simple to compress, (2) expand to fill their containers, and (3) take up much more area.A good illustration of how easily gases can be compressed is an internal combustion engine.
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ls the mass of anion the same as the mass of its parent atom? explain your answer.
while a carboxylic acid may contain many hydrogen atoms, the acidic hydrogen atom in any carboxylic acid is attached to a(n) ___ atom in the cooh group.
The acidic hydrogen atom in any carboxylic acid is attached to oxygen atom in the cooh group.
What is carboxylic acid?Carboxylic acids are organic compounds containing a carboxyl group, which is a functional group consisting of a carbonyl group (C=O) bonded to a hydroxyl group (–OH). They are found in nature in the form of fatty acids, amino acids, and carbohydrates. Carboxylic acids are often used in the production of polymers, fabrics, solvents, and surfactants. They have a wide range of applications, from pharmaceuticals to food additives. Carboxylic acids are also used in the production of chemical intermediates and as precursors to other compounds. Carboxylic acids are distinguished from other acids by the presence of a carbon atom bonded to an oxygen atom and a hydroxyl group. The acidic properties of carboxylic acids are due to the presence of the carboxyl group, which is highly polar and can form hydrogen bonds with other molecules.
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5.2 g g of LiNO3 L i N O 3 from a 45 %(m/m) % ( m / m ) LiNO3 L i N O 3 solution. Express your answer to two significant figures and include the appropriate units.
The amount of solution (g or mL) that contains each of the following amounts of solute is 11.56 grams.
What is amount of solute?
The amount of a solute that will dissolve in a specific amount of solvent to create a saturated solution is the solute's solubility.
The amount of solution is calculated as
[tex]% of m/m=\frac{x}{y} mass[/tex][tex]% of m/m= \frac{mass}{mass}[/tex]% of m/m= mass of LiNO3/mass of solution.100
mass of solution=mass of LiNO3/[tex]% of m/m=\frac{x}{y} mass[/tex][tex]% of m/m= \frac{mass}{mass}[/tex]% of m/m.100
Therefore, mass of solution is calculated as
= 5.2 grams.100/45%
= 11.56 grams Solution LiNO3.
Hence, the amount of solution (g or mL) that contains each of the following amounts of solute is 11.56 grams.
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below are three situations that can affect the transcription of the lac operon. study each situation carefully, then select what is expected to be occurring in terms of (1) glucose concentration, (2) lactose concentration, and (3) transcription level.
Transcription is said to be synthesis of RNA from DNA. Genetic information flows in the direction from DNA to proteins, the substances that give organisms shape. This information flow occurs through a cascade of processes of transcription (DNA to RNA) and translation (RNA to protein). Transcription occurs when a particular gene product is needed at a particular time or in a particular tissue.
Normally only his one strand of DNA is copied during transcription. This is called the template strand, and the resulting RNA molecule is a single-stranded messenger RNA (mRNA). In eukaryotes (organisms with cell nuclei), the first transcript is called pre-mRNA. Pre-mRNAs are extensively edited by splicing before mature mRNAs are generated and ready for translation by ribosomes, organelles that serve as sites for protein synthesis. Transcription of any gene occurs at that gene's chromosomal location, which is a relatively short segment of the chromosome. Active transcription of a gene depends on the need for activity of that particular gene in a particular cell or tissue or at a particular time.
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The complete question is as follows:
Below is shown the lac operon in a single possible situation. Study the figure carefully, then select what is expected to be occurring in terms of
(a) glucose concentration
(b) lactose concentration during this situation.
CAP + cAMP and inducer-repressor complex below operon
(c) transcription level
CAP site empty and inducer-repressor complex below operon
What volume of a 2.5 M NaCl solution must be diluted with water to produce 200. mL of a 0.10 M solution?
Answer:one mole of NaCl weighs 58.44 g. A 2.5 M solution is 2.5 moles per liter (Molarity is just the number of moles per liter). Therefore, 0.5 L would contain 1.25 mol. Hence, you would need 1.25 × 58.44 g = 73 g.
Explanation:The formula for calculating a dilution is (C1) (V1) = (C2) (V2) where...
C1 is the concentration of the starting solution.
V1 is the volume of the starting solution.
C2 is the concentration of the final solution.
V2 is the volume of the final solution.
2. What happens when an atom is oxidized? Give an example of a metal being oxidized
Answer:
Oxidation is the loss of electrons or an increase in the oxidation state of a chemical or atoms within it.
Iron is oxidized to form the iron oxide known as rust.
This is the question that I have
The number of moles of gas in the given sample is equal to 3.324 mol.
What is the ideal gas equation?The ideal gas law can be demonstrated as an equation representing the behavior of a perfect gas. The product of the volume and pressure (P) is equal to the multiplication of the gas constant (R), moles of gas, and absolute temperature.
The ideal gas equation for a gas can be written as shown below:
PV = nRT
Where n is the moles, P is the pressure, V is the volume of the gas, T is temperature and R is the gas constant.
Given, the volume of gas, V = 76.87 L
The temperature of the gas, T = 40.04°C = 40.04 + 273 = 313.04 K
The pressure of the gas, P = 1.11 atm
Substituting the values T, V, R, and P in the gas equation, we will get:
The number of moles of the given gas sample, n = PV/RT
n = 1.11 ×76.87/(0.082 × 313.04)
n =3.324 mol
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In a single displacement reaction between Al2S3 and Li, what products will form and why?
A
Li₂S3 and Al because metals replace metals
B
Li3Al and S because metals replace nonmetals
C Li2Al3 and S because metals replace nonmetals
D Li₂S and Al because metals replace metals
Answer: D
Explanation: Cause im always right
The product of the single displacement reaction between Al₂S₃ and Li are Li₂S₃ and Al because metals replaces metals.
What is displacement reaction?Displacement reactions are those, in which one or two species are displaced from a reactant by the reagent. There are two types of displacement reactions namely single displacement and double displacement.
In single displacement reactions, one atom or group from a reactant is replaced by other group. In double displacement, two group of different reactants are exchanged each other.
The reaction between Al₂S₃ and Li is written below:
[tex]\rm Li + Al_{2}S_{3} \rightarrow Li_{2}S_{3} + 2 Al[/tex]
Here, metal Li replaces metal Al. Thus, option A is correct.
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2. The nonmetals in the Groups 16 and 17________
a) lose electrons when they form ions
b) gain electrons making them an anion
c) all have ions with a -1 charge
d) end in -ate
Answer:
C
Explanation:
Elisa (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) does not allow for rapid screening and quantification of the presence of ______ in a sample.
ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) does not allow for rapid screening and quantification of the presence of antigen in a sample.
Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay is the immunosorbent test that is connected with enzymes. For identifying the antibody in the blood, a standard laboratory test is performed.
The body's immune system creates an antibody when it recognizes harmful substances which is also known as antigens. The most common assay for detecting or diagnosing viral infection or particularly infection with blood-borne viruses which includes HBV, HCV, HIV, and HTLV, is the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The basis of ELISA testing is interaction of antigen-antibody.
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EXPERIMENT 1: List the measured potential for Cell 3: Zn|Zn(NO3)2 || Pb(NO3)2|Pb. Based on your observations, do you expect given electrochemical cell to be spontaneous or nonspontaneous? Explain your answer. Pb|Pb(NO3)2||Zn|Zn(NO3)2
EXPERIMENT 1: What would happen to the measured cell potentials if 30 mL solution was used in each half-cell instead of 25 mL?
EXPERIMENT 1: Calculate the theoretical standard cell potential for the electrochemical cell that includes the reaction. Mn+Pb2+⟶Mn2++Pb The standard reduction potentials for each half reaction are given Mn2++2e−⟶Mn -1.18 V Pb2++2e−⟶Pb -0.13 V How does your calculated value compare to your measured cell potential for Cell 6?
The measured cell potential would be decreased to 0.01% if the salts are the conducting and spontaneous with a standard potential 0.59eV.
The potential difference between two half cells in an electrochemical cell is measured as the cell potential, or Ecell. The electrons ability to move from one half cell to the other is what causes the potential difference.
Due to the fact that the chemical reaction is a redox reaction, electrons can move between the electrodes. When one substance is reduced while another is oxidized, a redox reaction takes place.
As a result of losing one or more electrons during oxidation, the substance gains a positive charge. On the other hand, the substance picks up electrons during reduction and becomes negatively charged.
Cell potential = E-e
=2.18-4.19=-1.01eV
The difference between the potential for the reducing agent to become oxidized and the potential for the oxidizing agent to become reduced will determine the cell potential, which is relevant to the measurement of the cell potential.
A specific value can be assigned to the cell potential because the cell potential (Ecell) is measured in voltage (V).
Standard reduction potential =Ecell/2
=1.18/2=0.59eV
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Please Help!
What is the molar mass of phenol (C₂H5OH)? The atomic masses of C, H and O
are 12.0, 1.01 and 16.00 amu respectively.
O 94.1 g/mole
O 29.0 g/mole
O 46.0 g/mole
O 100 g/mole
Phenol has a molecular weight of 94.11. The chemical name for phenol is C6H5OH, and it is an aromatic organic compound.
Equation:
step by step:
It is a volatile white crystalline substance. A phenyl group is joined to a hydroxyl group to form the molecule.
The total atomic weight of the atoms in the molecule makes up the molecular weight. Phenol has the chemical formula C6H5OH.
- The carbon atom's weight is 12.
Atomic weights of hydrogen and oxygen are 1 and 16, respectively.
The atomic weights of all the atoms that make up phenol are added, and the result is that phenol has a molecular weight of
=6(12)+5(1)+16+1 =94.11
Consequently, phenol has a molecular weight of 94.11.
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1. a set of p orbitals can accommodate a maximum of 6 electrons. 2. there are 10 d orbitals in a set. 3. none of the p orbitals are spherically symmetric. 4. the fifth shell with n
1. True – A set of p orbitals can accommodate a maximum of 6 electrons because each p orbital can contain 2 electrons with opposite spins.
2. False – There are only 5 d orbitals in a set, not 10. The d orbitals are divided into five distinct shapes: dz2, dx2-y2, dxz, dyz, and dxy.
3. True – None of the p orbitals are spherically symmetric because they have an elongated shape. This is due to the fact that they have an angular momentum of 1, whereas s orbitals have an angular momentum of 0.
4. True – The fifth shell (or major energy level) has one set of f orbitals which can accommodate a maximum of 14 electrons. The f orbitals are divided into seven distinct shapes: fz3, fxz2, fyz2, fx(x2-3y2), fy(3x2-y2), fxyz, and fx(x2-y2).
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Complete question:
1. a set of p orbitals can accommodate a maximum of 6 electrons.
2. there are 10 d orbitals in a set.
3. none of the p orbitals are spherically symmetric.
4. The fifth shell (or major energy level) has one set of f orbitals.
mark each statement as True or false
HELP PLS Asap Why do slimmer objects go faster than things with more structure (use scientific terminology)
There are several factors that can contribute to the speed of an object, including its mass, shape, and the surface it is moving on. In general, slimmer objects tend to go faster than objects with more structure because they offer less resistance to movement, which allows them to accelerate more quickly and reach higher speeds.
One factor that can affect the speed of an object is its mass, or the amount of matter it contains. All other things being equal, an object with a lower mass will tend to be faster than an object with a higher mass, because it has less matter to move and therefore requires less energy to accelerate.
Another factor that can affect the speed of an object is its shape, or the way it is structured. Slimmer objects tend to be more streamlined, meaning they have a shape that allows them to move through the air or water with less resistance. This can allow them to go faster than more structured objects, which may have a shape that creates more drag or resistance to movement.
Finally, the surface an object is moving on can also affect its speed. For example, an object moving on a smooth, flat surface may be able to go faster than an object moving on a rough or uneven surface, because the smooth surface offers less resistance to movement.
Overall, the speed of an object is determined by a combination of these and other factors, including the force applied to the object and the level of resistance it encounters. Slimmer objects tend to go faster than objects with more structure because they offer less resistance to movement, which allows them to accelerate more quickly and reach higher speeds.
Predict if a reaction will occur when Cu and HBr are combined. If a reaction occurs, write a net ionic equation for the reaction.
(Use the lowest possible coefficients. Be sure to specify states such as (aq) or (s). If a box is not needed, leave it blank. If no reaction occurs leave all boxes blank and click on "Submit".)
A net ionic equation for the reaction is :
Cu(s) + 2H⁺(aq) ----> Cu²⁺(aq) + H₂(g)
The reaction of Cu with HBr is given as :
Cu(s) + HBr(aq) ---> CuBr₂(aq) + H₂(g)
to balance the equation multiple 2 in HBr , we get the balance equation :
Cu(s) + 2HBr(aq) ---> CuBr₂(aq) + H₂(g)
write the complete ionic equation :
Cu(s) + 2H⁺(aq) + 2Br⁻(aq) -----> Cu²⁺(aq) + 2Br⁻(aq) + H₂(g)
now, cancel out the spectator ion from the equation, spectator ions are the same ion in the reactants and product side, we get :
Cu(s) + 2H⁺(aq) ----> Cu²⁺(aq) + H₂(g)
Thus, this is the net ionic equation of the reaction.
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How many grams of NaCl are needed to prepare 0.500 L of a 4.00 M NaCl solution?
a. 4 grams of Na cl
b. 2 grams of Na cl
c. 117 grams of na cl
d 58.5 grams of na cl
117 grams of NaCl are needed to prepare 0.500 L of a 4.00 M NaCl solution.
What is molarity ?The moles of solute per liter of solution is measured as molarity. For instance, when table salt is dissolved in water, water serves as both the solution and the solute. Sodium chloride weights 58.44 grams per mole. One molar solution, or 1M, is created by dissolving 58.44 grams of sodium chloride in one liter of water.needed to prepare 0.500 L
to find the molecular mass of NaCl from the periodic table.
The mass of Na is about 22.99 g and Cl is about 35.45 g.
The total mass of NaCl is 22.99 + 35.45 = 58.44 g.
Now we need to use the conversion factor from the definition of a mole : 1 mole NaCl = 58.44 g NaCl
We do not have moles yet so we need to find the moles from using molarity and 0.500L.
To find moles from molarity the equation is : moles = volume (L) x Molarity (moles/L)
So we substitute 0.500 L x 4 (moles/L) = 2 moles NaCl
Now we have moles and can convert them to grams :
2 moles x (58.44 g / 1 mole) = (2 x 58.44) / 1
116.88 grams NaCl
≅ 117 grams NaCl.
117 grams of NaCl are needed to prepare 0.500 L of a 4.00 M NaCl solution.
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which of the following is not an important technique or concept for experiment 6?a.using the rydberg equation; b.using a spectroscope; c.performing a flame test; d.calculating the atomic mass of an element; e.making a calibration graph
The important technique not for experiment is performing a flame test.
One of the most frequently employed analytical techniques in chemistry is the flame test. It is primarily used to observe and examine the presence of specific elements in the given compound or salt.
The flame test typically looks for the presence of metal ions in a compound.
Every element has a different flame test because each element's ions have unique characteristics depending on their emission spectrum.
This distinction can be seen in the color of the flames that are produced when burning salt that contains metal ions.
It should be noted that atoms, not ions, are present in the emission spectrum of each element that determines the flame color in this case.
The visible color lines that are seen in flame tests are frequently the result of the electrons in the ions undergoing a transformation.
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Which formula represents a polar molecule?
C12
N2
CC14
HCI
Answer:
H-Cl reperesents polar bond.
Explanation:
Because H and Cl atoms have diffrent dipole moment so they cannot cancel out each other.
The reaction of 6.20 g of carbon with excess O2 yields 8.35 g of CO2. What is the percent yield of this reaction?
The theoretical yield of the reaction between 6.20 g of carbon with excess oxygen is 22.7 g. The actual yield is given 8.35 g. Thus, the percent yield is 36.7 %.
What is percent yield?Percent yield of a reaction is the ratio of its actual yield to the theoretical yield multiplied by 100. The theoretical yield is calculated from the balanced chemical equation of the reaction.
One mole or 12 g of C gives one mole of carbon dioxide. Molar mass of CO₂ is 44 g/mol. Thus, the mass of carbon dioxide that can be produced from 6.20 g of C is :
= (6.20 × 44 ) / 12 g = 22.73 g.
The actual yield of CO₂ is 8.35g only. Thus, its percent yield is calculated as :
percent yield = 8.35 g/ 22.73 g × 100 = 36.7 %.
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photosynthesis can be divided into the light dependent reaction and the light independent reaction. determine which of the following key terms would be associated with each reaction.
The light -dependent stage of photosynthesis contain the absorption of light via pigments consisting chlorophyll and the switch of electrons from water to generate ATP and NADPH. These reactions arise in the thylakoid membranes of the chloroplasts and also are referred to as the Hill response or the electron transport chain. Key phrases related to the light dependent stage are:
Chlorophyll: a pigment found in the chloroplasts of plants that absorbs light energy and converts it into chemical energy.Thylakoid: a flattened, stack-like membrane found in the chloroplasts of a plant life where the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis arise.ATP: adenosine triphosphate, a molecule that stores and releases energy in cellsNADPH: nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, a molecule that carries electrons and hydrogen ions and is involved in the synthesis of glucose and different natural compoundsElectron transport chain: a sequence of reactions where electrons are transferred from one molecule to another, producing energy which is used to supply ATPThe light-independent reactions of photosynthesis, additionally referred to as the Calvin cycle or the carbon fixation cycle, contain the conversion of carbon dioxide into glucose and different natural compounds by the usage of the energy saved in ATP and NADPH. These reactions arise in the stroma of the chloroplasts. Key phrases related to the mild-unbiased reactions include:
Calvin cycle: a sequence of reactions where carbon dioxide is transformed into glucose and different natural compounds by the usage of the energy saved in ATP and NADPHStroma: the fluid-filled space of the chloroplasts where the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis take place.Carbon fixation: the method of changing carbon dioxide into natural compoundsGlucose: a simple sugar this is a vital supply of energy for cells.Read more about photosynthesis at:
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A stimulus has opened the voltage-gated sodium channel in an area of a neuron's plasma membrane. As a result, _______ rushes into the neuron and diffuses to adjacent areas; this in turn results in the ________ in the adjacent areas.
a. potassium / opening of voltage-gated potassium channels
b. sodium / opening of voltage-gated potassium channels
c. sodium / opening of voltage-gated sodium channels
d. sodium / closing of voltage-gated sodium channels
e. potassium / opening of voltage-gated sodium channels
c. sodium / opening of voltage-gated sodium channels
A stimulus has opened the voltage-gated sodium channel in an area of a neuron's plasma membrane. As a result, sodium rushes into the neuron and diffuses to adjacent areas; this in turn results in the opening of voltage-gated sodium channels in the adjacent areas. Thus, option "c" is correct.
When the potential in the membrane rises above the threshold energy, the natrium voltage-gated sodium channels will be opened. The opening of the natrium voltage-gated sodium channels will allow the movement of sodium to the cells. This happens because the concentration of sodium outside the cell is much higher than inside the cells, the sodium will flow into the cells.
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Which of the following statements correctly describe van der Waals radii? Select all that apply. Check all that apply. A) The van der Waals radius is half the distance between two covalently bonded nuclei. B) In general, van der Waals radii increase from left to right across a period.C) The van der Waals radius for a given atom is always larger than its covalent radius. In general, van der Waals radii increase down a group in the periodic table. D) The van der Waals distance and radius are important for determining how closely any two molecules can approach each other.
The options B, C and D, are the statements that correctly describe van der Waals radii.
Van der Waals radii:Van der Waals radii are an important concept in chemistry, as they provide insight into how atoms interact with one another. Put simply, van der Waals radii are the distance between two covalently bonded nuclei. These radii are used to determine how close any two molecules can approach each other, and this information is essential for understanding how atoms in a molecule interact and behave.
In general, van der Waals radii increase from left to right across a period in the periodic table. This means that atoms located on the left-hand side of the table have smaller radii than those located on the right-hand side. This is due to the fact that the number of electrons in each atom increases as you move across the period.
Additionally, the van der Waals radius for a given atom is always larger than its covalent radius. This is because the van der Waals radius takes into account the non-bonded interactions between atoms, which can be attractive or repulsive.
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Which of the following reacts at the fastest rate when heated with N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) and benzoyl peroxide in carbon tetrachloride at 80 degree C? A. toluene B. Ethylbenzene C. isopropylbenzene (cumene) D. tert-butylbenzene
Cumene reacts at a faster rate when heated with N-Bromo succinimide and benzoyl peroxide in carbon tetrachloride.
When NBS and benzoyl peroxide in carbon tetrachloride reacts, they follow radical mechanism, which gives a bromination reaction and the position at which bromination occurs is benzylic position. cumene is an organic compound that contains a benzene ring with an isopropyl substituent and when reacts with chlorine forms the most stable carbocation and become most acidic. Now, the most radical formed due to reaction at benzylic position is only provided by cumene because it forms 3° radical i.e., tertiary carbocations which is more stable than secondary and primary cations.
Hence, cumene reacts at a faster rate.
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