Answer: The statements that correctly describe the structure of pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) complex are:
--> E2 contains three domains.
--> A regulatory kinase and phosphatase are part of the mammalian PDH complex.
--> Several copies each of E1 and E3 surround E2 .
Explanation:
Enzymes are proteins that speeds up a metabolic reaction by lowering the amount of energy needed to start the reaction. The type of enzyme in a cell will determine the metabolic processes that will occur in it.
Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex which is located at the mitochondria matrix, is a group of enzyme that catalyzes the breakdown of pyruvate, which is the end product of glycolysis, to form acetyl-CoA. The product formed from the reaction which is acetyl-CoA in turn enters the citric acid cycle where it is further oxidized for cellular respiration.
The structure of Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex consists of:
--> Three catalytic enzymes: These include;
• E1: This is the first enzyme of the PDH complex called pyruvate dehydrogenase. It catalyzes the removal of one carbon atom from pyruvate which leads to the production of hydrohyethyl.
• E2: This is the second enzyme of PDH complex called dihydrolipoamide S-acetyltransferase. It catalyzes the transfer of hydroxyethyl group to oxidized form of covalently bound lipoamide, and the resulting acetyl group is then transferred to free coenzyme A to form ACETYL-CoA and reduced dihydrolipoamide. Several copies each of E1 and E3 surround E2 and it consist of three DOMAINS. These domains include: N-terminal 9 kDa lipoyl domain, 4 kDa peripheral subunit-binding domain and C-terminal 28 kDa catalytic (acetyltransferase) domain.
• E3: This is the third and last enzyme of PDH complex called the flavoprotein dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase. It re-oxidizes the lipoyl group of dihydrolipoamide-E2 to form lipoamide-E2 and NADH.
--> Two regulatory enzymes: The activities of E1 which is the rate limiting step of PDH complex regulated by phosphatases (activators) and kinases (inhibitors).
--> A binding protein: these aids in the binding of E2 to E3 enzyme in the core of PDH complex.
Makali and his parents recently emigrated from the highlands of Papua New Guinea. His family is part of the famous Fore tribe; after living in the tribe for most of their lives, they decided to give Makali a different life in the United States. His mother starts to cry as she recalls that both her parents died in the kuru epidemic that made the tribe famous, and she is terrified that Makali might be coming down with kuru. His father interjects to say that it is not possible and that he is far more concerned that Makali has some other infectious disease to which he had never previously been exposed.
His father says that Makali had a severe allergic reaction to the tetanus/pertussis booster shot as a child and has been unable to be re-vaccinated due to the risk of anaphylactic shock. Therefore, Makali may be susceptible to whooping cough (pertussis). This would not have been a concern 10 years ago, but vaccination rates for whooping cough have plummeted in the United States, eliminating herd immunity and sparking a return of the disease in some regions. Ironically, vaccination rates in the Fore tribe are much higher than in the United States, so Makali's parents had concerns about coming to the United States, which is falling behind other countries in this area of basic medical care!
One of the doctors you are working with says that checking immunoglobulin (Ig) levels should reveal if there is a serious infection. He also points out that kuru does not cause immunoglobin levels to rise. If Makali does have kuru, a brain biopsy may be required to make a definitive diagnosis.
1. Select the next step or steps that would be appropriate to diagnose Makali?
a. Test immunoglobulin (IgG, IgA, and IgM) levels in the blood for signs of infection.
b. Perform a brain biopsy.
c. Interview one of Makali's friends to ask about the day he first became sick.
2. Which statement most accurately describes the citric acid cycle?
a. It is an unregulated process, like an intersection without signal lights.
b. It is the main center of ATP production during anaerobic metabolism.
c. It plays a central role in key metabolic processes in the cell, with many metabolic intermediates leaving and entering.
d. It serves a catabolic role only, which is to generate ATP and reducing equivalents for cellular energy needs.
Answer:
Explanation:
It is important we understand what is immunoglobulin test.
Immunoglobulins, also known as antibodies, are measured by the test carried out in the blood. Antibodies are proteins produced by the immune system to combat pathogens such as viruses and bacteria that cause disease. Immunoglobulins are proteins produced by the body to combat various substances.
The immunoglobulin assay tests three forms of immunoglobulins in total. IgG, IgM, and IgA are the three types of antibodies. IgG, IgM, and IgA levels that are too low or too high may indicate a severe health condition.
Thus, from the above question; the next step that would be appropriate is:
Assuming the test uncovers an increase in immunoglobulin, it demonstrates contamination or infection. Thus, a fitting treatment ought to be begun against the infection.
However, suppose the text doesn't uncover an increase in immunoglobulin and assuming he shows manifestations of symptoms, then the brain biopsy ought to be performed to affirm the diagnosis of kuru.
(2)
The citric acid cycle is the metabolic center of the cell. It is the doorway to the aerobic metabolism of any molecule that can be changed into an acetyl group or a part of the citric acid cycle. The cycle is additionally a significant wellspring of prototype for building blocks of numerous different molecules like amino acid and nucleotide base.
Thus, the best accurate statement is: Option C
Cohesion of water is produced by the interaction of numerous?
Answer:
please give me brainlist and follow
Explanation:
In cohesion, water molecules are attracted to each other (because of hydrogen bonding), keeping the molecules together at the liquid-gas (water-air) interface, although there is no more room in the glass.
Hey, WHo loves horses soooooooooooooo much, That they want to pursue a career in them. Who wants to make some extra cash. I have a job for you! plese let me know fast
Answer:
lol i already have horses XD
Explanation:
most of the biomass in the ecosystem above would be found at the...
Answer:
A. Producers
Explanation:
Each level higher reduces by 10% so the bottom will have the most biomass.
7. A scientist is investigating using a chemical that will destroy lysosomes within cells.
A student presents an argument as to the importance of lysosomes. Which of the
following statements would be a valid justification to support the student's argument?
A. Lysosomes are needed to digest biomolecules
B. Lysosomes are needed to store energy
C. Lysosomes are needed to package proteins
D. Lysosomes are needed to synthesize proteins
Answer:
A
Explanation:
Lysosomes break down cell parts when needed, and can self-destruct the cell. Organelles are made of biomolecules, the building blocks of life. Therefore, A is the answer. Hope it helps :)
What relationship do the deer and rabbits have in common with the squirrels and chipmunks?
Answer:
b
Explanation:
How do landfills impact groundwater? A. litter
B. Sharp metal and glass get in the soil.
C. Liquids leak into the ground.
D. Landfills do not impact groundwater.
Answer: c. Liquids leak into the ground
Explanation:
is the earth flat or not
Answer:
its not flat
Explanation:
Answer:
Hello There!!
Explanation:
The Earth is not flat but it is round.
hope this helps,have a great day!!
~Pinky~
SURVIV.IO CODE
5GRV
NOWWW
Answer:
ight im in
Explanation:
how does a change in speed cause a wave to change direction
Answer:
Refraction is an effect that occurs when a light wave, incident at an angle away from the normal, passes a boundary from one medium into another in which there is a change in velocity of the light. ... The wavelength decreases as the light enters the medium and the light wave changes direction.
SER
Which of the following is not a contributing factor to environmental policy decisions?
a. human health
b. availability of natural resources
environmental health
d. none of the above
C.
Please select the best answer from the choices provided
Оооо
Answer:
D. None of the above
Explanation:
I took the quiz.
Answer:
It's D. None of the above
Explanation: hope it helps ^w^
Which type of digestion takes place when chunks of food are physically torn into smaller pieces?
Absorption
Chemical
Elimination
Mechanical
Answer:
mechanical bc its physically
Explanation:
I will mark you brainlist!
What is the meaning of chaise?
A. A harness
B. A person
C. A vehicle
D. A farming tool
Answer: A ?
Explanation:
Answer:
C.
Explanation:
a horse-drawn carriage for one or two people, typically one with an open top and two wheels.
In which division phase is the nucleolus formed and spindle fibers broken down?
A) anaphase
B) prophase
C) metaphase
D)telophase
Answer:
Prophase
Explanation:
During prophase, the nuclear envelope and nucleolus are dissolved and the chromosomes condense. The centrioles and spindle fibers begin to form at opposite poles of the cell.
Answer:
telophase
Explanation:
Spindle fibers disperse as the chromosomes are separated and become housed within two new nuclei.
Limestone formation in caves is considered what kind of weathering? A.mechanic B.chemical C.biological D.hydraulic
I know this might be selfish and all but I have a female and male rabbit and I am afraid the female rabbit is going to get pregnant I don't want her to get pregnant because rabbits have many kids what can I do to avoid my female rabbit veering pregnant?
Answer:
We did this with gerbils so basically separate their cages or kennels
Explanation:
If you really want to avoid pregnncy you can sterilize them...
Different measurements are expressed in different units. Cheese the corect si units for the following types of
measurement
The SI units for measuring the velocity of the car
The SI units for measuring the acceleration of the cars
The SI units for measuring force:
The SI units for measuring mass:
Answer:
The SI units for measuring the velocity of the car is "M/s"The SI units for measuring the acceleration of the cars is "M/s2The SI units for measuring force: Newton(N) The SI units for measuring mass: kgHow can climate change impact on the ecosystem? Think of two different scenarios and describe them
2. Which is a function of the cardiovascular system? *
convert oxygen and glucose into ATP (energy)
O convert oxygen into glucose
O carry oxygen and glucose to body cells
O store oxygen and glucose in the blood
The characteristic of a muscle to be stretched is known as
O a. contractility.
b. extensibility.
c. elasticity.
d. excitability
Predation and parasitism are similar because in both predation and parasitism -
both organisms are harmed in some way.
one organism is harmed while the other benefits.
one organism is neither harmed nor benefits.
both organisms receive a benefit.
Answer: on organism is harmed while to the other benefits
Explanation:
Predation and parasitism are similar because, in both predation and parasitism, one organism is harmed while the other benefits. Therefore, option B is correct.
What are predation and parasitism?The act of eating all or a portion of the body of another organism, the prey, is known as predation. Herbivory is the term for predatory behavior in which the prey is a plant.
When one creature, the parasite, feeds on another, the host, hurting or even killing the host, the connection is said to be parasitism. The parasite stays within or on the host's body. Tapeworms, fleas, and barnacles are a few examples of parasites.
Thus, predation and parasitism are similar because, in both predation and parasitism, one organism is harmed while the other benefits. Therefore, option B is correct.
Learn more about predation, here:
https://brainly.com/question/12410124
#SPJ6
What is the answer to that question
Answer:
D. Steps to use for doing the Heimlich maneuver
Explanation:
That's what the section is talking about.
Will give brainliest
Below are two sequences of a segment of DNA.
Normal sequence CAT TAC ACC
Mutated sequence CTT TAC ACC
Which type of mutation has occurred?
Choose 1 answer:
A deletion is the removal of a nucleotide from a DNA sequence.
(Choice B)
B
Nonsense mutation
(Choice C)
C
Insertion mutation
(Choice D)
D
Substitution mutation
Answer:
D
Explanation:
CAT= CTT
A was substituted by T
It didn't stop, can't be B
It didn't add more letters to the sequence, can't be C
what is the natural cause of wild fores
Explanation:
Naturally occurring wildfires are most frequently caused by lightning. Also, volcanic, meteor, and coal seam fires depending on the circumstances.
pretty please answer!! giving brainliest to the one who is correct first!!!
QUESTION 12
neuronal pool that might rely on fatigue to end its impulse propagation is a:
A. converging circuit
B. diverging circuit
C. oscillating circuit
D. parallel after-discharge circuit
E. circuit breaker
Describe DNA synthesis in detail
Answer:
DNA synthesis is the biological process by which a deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) molecule is created. In the cell, each of the two strands of the DNA molecule acts as a template for the synthesis of a complementary strand.
Answer:
The discovery of the double-helical nature of DNA by Watson & Crick explained how genetic information could be duplicated and passed on to succeeding generations. The strands of the double helix can separate and serve as templates for the synthesis of daughter strands. In conservative replication the two daughter strands would go to one daughter cell and the two parental strands would go to the other daughter cell. In semiconservative replication one parental and one daughter strand would go to each of the daughter cells.
Through experimentation it was determined that DNA replicates via a semiconservative mechanism. There are three possible mechanisms that can explain DNA's semiconservative replication.
(a) DNA synthesis starts at a specific place on a chromosome called an origin. In the first mechanism one daughter strand is initiated at an origin on one parental strand and the second is initiated at another origin on the opposite parental strand. Thus only one strand grows from each origin. Some viruses use this type of mechanism.
(b) In the second mechanism replication of both strands is initiated at one origin. The site at which the two strands are replicated is called the replication fork. Since the fork moves in one direction from the origin this type of replication is called unidirectional. Some types of bacteria use this type of mechanism.
(c) In the third mechanism two replication forks are initiated at the origin and as synthesis proceeds the two forks migrate away from one another. This type of replication is called bi-directional. Most organisms, including mammals, use bi-directional replication.
Fruiting Bodies of Fungi The recognizable forms of fungal reproductive bodies, or fruiting bodies, encountered in nature vary structurally. Common forms of fungal fruiting bodies include trumpet, club fungus, bracket, cup fungus, gill fungus, bolete, puff ball, and stinkhorn. Close observation of fruiting body anatomy can lend clues during identification of a species. Differing species of fungi can appear similar, and it is never advised to eat a wild mushroom because poisonous varieties can resemble edible ones.
1. Fungal fruiting bodies, or reproductive bodies, have different structural forms.
a. true
b. false
2. Many experiments require student-supplied items, such as _____.
Answer to Question 1:
True
Explanation
As indicated in the passage, fruiting bodies of fungi differ structurally. However, different species can appear to be similar and often misleading thus creating the risk of food poisoning.
Question 2:
Many experiments require student-supplied items, such as _____.
1. Chicken
2. Fresh flowers
3. Distilled water
4. All of the Above.
Answer to Question 2:
The correct answer is 3.
Explanation
Water comes in varying degrees of purity. When water that contains other substrates or impurities is used for an experiment, it distorts the results and creates errors. So the scientist's ability to determine the root of a problem becomes enervated.
Using distilled water impurities removes the possibility of such an error. Distilled water is also used for cleaning laboratory equipment.
Cheers
Based on the figure above, _________ATP molecules are formed by fermentation.
a. 2 c. 36
b. 8 d. 38
Answer:
Hey!
The answer is:-
2 ATP molecules.scientists on mars have been investigating the genetic makeup of organisms in this community. use the information provided and your knowledge of genetics to answer the following questions.
Answer:
please where are the questions
Explanation:
Answer:
please provide the questions
Explanation: