Answer:
The controlled variables in this situation would be the type and intensity of the light being used to illuminate the plants, as well as the duration of time the plants are exposed to the light. Other controlled variables could include the type of plants being grown, the temperature and humidity of the environment in which the plants are grown, the amount of water and nutrients the plants receive, and any other factors that could potentially affect the plants' growth.
Explanation:
photosynt h. Write short notes on: (i) Pulmonary circulation (ii) Fertilization 11. (ii) Systemic circulation (iv) Vegetative reproducti
Pulmonary Circulation and Systemic Circulation are the types of circulation
1. Pulmonary Circulation:
Pulmonary circulation moves blood between the heart and the lungs. It transports deoxygenated blood to the lungs to absorb oxygen and release carbon dioxide.
The oxygenated blood then flows back to the heart. Systemic circulation moves blood between the heart and the rest of the body. It sends the oxygenated blood out to cells and returns deoxygenated blood to the heart.
2. Fertilization:
Fertilization is a Reproductive process in which a male sex cell (sperm) unites with a female sex cell (egg). During the process, the chromosomes of the egg and sperm will merge to form a zygote, which will divide to form an embryo.
3. Systemic Circulation:
In the systemic loop, oxygenated blood is pumped from the left ventricle of the heart through the aorta, the largest artery in the body.
The blood moves from the aorta through the systemic arteries, then to arterioles and capillary beds that supply body tissues. Here, oxygen and nutrients are released and carbon dioxide and other waste substances are absorbed.
4. Vegetative reproduction:
Vegetative reproduction is any form of asexual reproduction occurring in plants in which a new plant grows from a fragment or cuts off the parent plant or specialized reproductive structures, which are sometimes called vegetative propagules.
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The current Question is:
Write short notes on (i) Pulmonary circulation and (ii) Fertilization (ii) Systemic circulation (iv) Vegetative reproduction.
Match the chemical mediator with its description.
1. Surface chemicals
2. Histamines
3. Kinins
4. Interferons
5. Prostaglandins
6. Leukotrienes
Due to the fact that they are preformed (found in granules) and released quickly and early during inflammation, histamine and serotonin are important mediators of inflammatory responses.
Compile a list of chemical mediators and their descriptions.Lysozymes, which inhibit microbial growth or kill microbes, are surface compounds.Histamines: an amine secreted by mast cells, platelets, and basophils that dilate blood vesselsKinins are plasma protein-derived polypeptides that trigger smooth muscle contraction.Interferons: cellular proteins that prevent the growth of virusesSmooth muscle relaxation and vasodilation are caused by the lipid group known as prostaglandins.A class of lipids called leukotrienes causes smooth muscle contraction.To learn more about chemical mediators refer to:
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_____________ means loss of muscle function, loss of sensation, or loss of both muscle function and sensation.
The study of the nerve cell is called nervous tissue. The nerve cell is made up of cyton, dendrite, axon, and synaptic ending.
What is voluntary muscle?Those actions which you can control is called voluntary muscle. For example - moving of hand.Spinal nerves serve as the paths of communication between the spinal cord and specific regions of the body. Roots refer to the bundles of axons that serve to connect each spinal nerve to a segment of the spinal cord via smaller bundles of axons called root lets.The ventral root also called the anterior root and the associated rootlets contain axons of motor neurons. These motor neurons of the ventral root conduct nerve impulses from the Central Nervous System to effector organs. Muscles and glands are the effector organs. As these effector organs receive motor information, voluntary movements are generated.If the ventral root of the spinal nerve were cut, the effector organs will not get the motor information and no voluntary movements will be generated.To learn more information about the nerve tissue, refer to the link:-
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HELP pls will mark you the brainliest
Answer:The phases of mitosis in their order are: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.
What mode of nutrition distinguishes animals from fungi, both of which are heterotrophs?.
Answer:
Heterotrophic nutrition
Explanation:
Heterotrophic nutrition is known to be the mode of nutrition in which certain organisms are dependent on other organisms in order to survive. Organisms that cannot prepare their own food and have to depend on other organisms for their survival are known as heterotrophs. Common examples of heterotrophs include animals, fungi, and bacteria.
Which type of stimulus will maximally activate the sensory receptors within the semicircular ducts?.
Rotational motion would activate the sensory receptors (inside the semicircular ducts) maximally.
The vestibular apparatus located in the inner ear is responsible for maintenance of equilibrium as well as body posture. It is made up of three semicircular ducts and the otolith, i.e. saccule as well as utricle. These semicircular ducts are placed at an angle of 90° with each other so that the angular rotation of the head can be sensed more accurately by the sensory receptors.
Each semicircular duct consists of an ampulla. When the head is rotated, the fluid in the semicircular ducts exerts pressure on the cupula thus bending the stereocilia.
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(20) which early south american culture created elaborate desert geoglyphs depicting animals, plants, human-like figures, and geometric designs?
Around 100 B.C., early south american culture produced intricate desert geoglyphs that featured animals, plants, human-like figures, and geometric patterns. The Nazca style evolved from the earlier Parica's art.
Which of the following is located in Mesoamerica, the region of ancient civilization?Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Honduras, El Salvador, Guatemala, Belize, and central to southern Mexico make up the modern nations that make up the historical region of Mesoamerica.
What specialized the Aztecs?The Aztecs are renowned for their art, architecture, agriculture, and land. In addition to creating calendars and temples, they also learned how to write. Additionally, they had a reputation for being ruthless and fierce.
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What is the correct sequence of renal tubule segments through which filtrate would flow?
- Distal tubule, ascending limb of nephron loop, descending lim of nephron loop, proximal tubule
- Collecting duct, proximal tubule, descending limb of nephron loop, ascending limb of nephron loop, distal tubule
- Proximal tubule, ascending limb of nephron loop, descending limb of nephron loop, distal tubule
- Proximal tubule, ascending limb of nephron loop, descending limp of nephron loop, distal tubule
- Proximal tubule, descending limb of nephron loop, ascending limb of nephron loop, distal tubule
The correct sequence of renal tubule segments through which filtrate would flow is:
Glomerulus →Proximal convoluted tubule →Descending limb of nephron loop →Ascending limb of nephron loop →Distal convoluted tubule →Collecting duct.
A proximal tubule (convoluted and straight portions), a transitional tubule, a distal convoluted tubule (straight and convoluted portions), a CNT, and a CD comprise the renal tubule. The loop of Henle is made up of the straight portion of the proximal tubule, this same thin descending and ascending limbs, and the creamy ascending limb, that also includes the macula densa. The CD system is linked to the nephron via the CNT.
The renal tubules are surrounded by an epithelium, which is made up of a single layer of cells that is anchored to the basement membrane. The epithelial cells have numerous transport functions and structural adaptations to their specific roles. A junctional complex consisting of the a tight junction, an adherens junction, as well as, at some sites, a desmosome connects them apically.
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how does eukaryotes regulate gene expression, and how are these approaches different than bacterial gene expression?
Gene expression in eukaryotic cells is regulated by repressors and also by transcriptional activators. Bacterial gene expression occurs within the cytoplasm of a cell due to the lack of a defined nucleus.
How do eukaryotes regulate gene expression?Bacterial gene expression (both transcription and translation) occurs within the cytoplasm of a cell due to the lack of a nucleus; therefore, the DNA is freely located within the cytoplasm. Eukaryotic gene expression takes place in the nucleus (transcription) and cytoplasm (translation) both.
Gene expression occurs in two essential steps that are : transcription and translation. In bacteria, these two processes are tightly coupled in time and space, and thus are highly regulated.
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cells from an adaanced maligant tumor most often have very abnormal chromsomes, nad foten an abnormal total number of chromosomes. why might this occur
Chromosomally abnormal cells can still go through cell cycle checkpoints.
What are cancer cells ?The genetic disarray of cancer cells is well known. A tumour cell may contain a large number of DNA mutations, the majority of which have an incorrect number of chromosomes. Aneuploidy, a genetic imbalance caused by a single chromosome being missing or having an extra copy, can affect the activity of hundreds or even thousands of genes.
An abnormally high number of chromosomes (aneuploidy) and extensive structural chromosome rearrangements are two distinguishing characteristics of cancer cells. The genomic instability that most cancers have as a foundation results in these chromosome aberrations.
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The reactants that plants use to engage in photosynthesis are different from the reactants that animals and some bacteria use to engage in cellular respiration. The reactants used in photosynthesis are.
The reactants used as raw materials for photosynthesis are carbon dioxide and water
Cellular respiration is the process of breaking down complex organic molecules that are rich in energy potential into lower energy waste products (catabolic processes) at the cellular level. Cellular respiration will break down simple sugar molecules into carbon dioxide, water vapor and energy that is used to meet the cell's energy needs.
Water and carbon dioxide will be used by plants that have chlorophyll as a raw material for making food for their growth and development through the process of photosynthesis. During photosynthesis, sunlight converts carbon dioxide and water(reactant) into glucose and oxygen. Photosynthesis generally occurs in leaves because leaf cells contain chloroplasts and contain chlorophyll to capture sunlight
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Organism a is eukaryotic, unicellular, and lacks a cell wall. Organism b is eukaryotic, multicellular, has cell walls, and is autotrophic. In which kingdoms should these organisms be classified?.
The presence of multicellular bodies, a heterotrophic source of nourishment, eukaryotic cells, and cells without a cell wall distinguish the Kingdom Animalia among them.
All creatures have been categorized into five Kingdoms using the five Kingdom system. The presence of a multicellular organism, a heterotrophic mode of nourishment, eukaryotic cells, and cells without a cell wall distinguish the Kingdom Animalia among them.
Bacteria and unicellular prokaryotic BGA are members of the kingdom Monera. Algae, all protozoa, and eukaryotic unicellular creatures are all members of the kingdom Protista. Multicellular heterotrophic eukaryotes with a chitinous cell wall are included in the kingdom fungus. Kingdom Animalia contains heterotrophic species without a cell wall, whereas kingdom Plantae has autotrophic organisms with a cellulose cell wall.
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Stomata
Chloroplast
fom layers of leaves
layer that
the
internal cells packed together to expose the
greatest number to
on the lower epidermal
move through
inside the
where photosynthesis occurs
Numerous chloroplasts are present in the cells of the leaf's mesophyll. Mesophyll cells in leaves, which are the tissue between the upper and lower epidermis, are well adapted to perform extensive photosynthesis.
What is the stomata's function ?
Almost all terrestrial plants use the same pores, known as stomata, to take in carbon dioxide and release oxygen since this evolutionary invention is so essential to plant identity. Microscopically small and essential for photosynthesis are stomata. On the plants' surface, they are numerous and swarm. They have a lot of chloroplasts, the photosynthesis sites, which accounts for this high concentration.
In order to support plant development and crop productivity, chloroplasts release oxygen and produce energy through photosynthesis.
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During the first step of cellular respiration, glucose is converted into (choose 2).
Glycolysis, the first stage of cellular respiration, occurs in the cytoplasm of your cells. This results in the division of a glucose molecule into two pyruvate molecules (pyruvic acid).
What is the first step in cellular respiration's conversion of glucose to?Glycolysis, the first phase of cellular respiration, happens in the cytoplasm. In this step, enzymes convert a glucose molecule into two pyruvate molecules, releasing energy that is then transferred to ATP.
What is the initial conversion of glucose?Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate is created from glucose in a series of processes that each require two ATP. The unstable fructose-1,6-bisphosphate splits into two three-carbon molecules, DHAP and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphae, at this point.
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What process occurs when
a virus transfers DNA from
one bacteria to another?
A. transformation
B. conjugation
C. transduction
What process occurs when a virus transfers DNA from one bacteria to another?
A. transformationB. conjugationC. transductionAnswer : C. TransductionExplanation :Transduction is the process in which a virus transfers DNA from one bacteria to another. These viruses are mainly called as bacteriophages. They infect bacterias to produce more viruses.
Answer:
c) Transduction
Explanation:
The process which occurs when a virus transfers DNA from one bacteria to another is known as transduction.
These can be done by few viruses like bacteriophages. Hence, option (c) is the correct answer.
What might have been the first
word out of Darwin’s mouth at the
end of his research travels?
Diversity is the first word out of Darwin's mouth at the end of his research travels.
How does evolution explain diversity?
The interactions between organisms and environment and the consequence of interactions over long periods of time explains duversity and evolution.
Darwin discovered the natural selection that explains the development of variety of organisms from a single common ancestor. The change in the environment provides a high variability of alleles that helps in evolving the new environment.
What is the Darwin's theory of evolution?
The process by which change in organisms due to the change in behavioral and physical traits.
Due to the change in environment individuals develop adaptive traits in order to survive and reproduce. These adaptive traits are advantageous to the upcoming population.
Darwin proposed that species change over time and new species come from pre-existing species sharing a common ancestor.
Hence, Darwin discovered diversity at the end of his research travels.
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cytokines are protein-based chemical messengers that allow for communication between cells of the immune system.
Cellular immunity is made up of cells that identify antigens and produce antibodies against them. Cytokines are protein-based chemical messengers that allow immune system cells to communicate with one another. Cytokine storms have a deleterious influence on human health.
What are the functions of cytokines in the immune system?Cytokines are tiny proteins that regulate the development and function of other immune system and blood cells. They alert the immune system to start working when they are released. Cytokines influence the formation of all blood cells and other cells that aid in the immunological and inflammatory responses of the body.
They are tiny, soluble proteins that play a role in immune system regulation. They are part of innate immunity and respond to infection in an adaptive manner. They are activated in response to certain stimuli, such as microorganisms.
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What are the action and reaction forces at work in this picture?
(the picture is a flower pot and book stacked next to each other)
a
friction is pushing up and gravity is pulling down
b
gravity is pulling the book downward
c
the flower vase is pushing up and gravity is pulling down
d
the book is pushing on the table and the table is pushing on the book
Answer:the answer is c
Explanation:
according to beekeepers, pesticide exposure is only a leading cause of colony loss for what operation type?
Individual honey bees as well as entire colonies can be instantly or quickly killed by pesticides when exposed acutely.
What causes honeybee colony collapse disorder most likely?exposure to pesticides used on crops or to control insects or mites inside beehives can lead to pesticide poisoning. Because of management procedures like moving bees to various sites across the nation to perform pollination services, bees go through stress. the environment where bees forage has changed.
What is the root reason of the bee population decline?Bees and other pollinators are becoming less common in many regions of the world, which is largely due to intensive farming methods, monocultures, excessive use of agricultural chemicals, and higher temperatures brought on by climate change. This has an impact on crop yields as well as human nutrition.
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can somebody please help me with this? (1, 4ab & 6) thank you
Question 1:
Red fox --> Rabbit
Red fox --> Berries
Rabbit --> Grasses
Hawk --> Red fox
Hawk --> Squirrel
Hawk --> Mouse
Hawk --> Rabbit
Squirrel --> Tree seeds
Question 4a:
Putting out bird feeders make the birds have to find there own food in the cold weathers, if they don't find any, they will be starve to death.
Question 4b:
The falcon will all be dead or become someone pet, it is because they are really popular, why won't people take them ( HUMAN CRUELTY )
Question 6:
[tex]9\sqrt{2]{3}[/tex] = [tex]x_{N*}[/tex]
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If a space shuttle is returning from space and entering the earth's atmosphere, what is the order of atmospheric layers the space shuttle will pass through before it lands?.
If a space shuttle is returning from space and entering earth's atmosphere, then the order of layers of the atmosphere that the space shuttle will pass is troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, ionosphere.
What is known as atmospheric layers?The atmosphere is divided into five layers depending on the distance from earth. The atmospheric layer nearest to the earth is troposphere and then stratosphere on which ozone is present.
Each atmospheric layer differs in the presence of gases, temperature and pressure. Jet aircrafts fly in the stratosphere as it is very stable. Ozone layer absorbs harmful rays from the Sun.
Meteors burn up in the mesosphere. The thermosphere is a layer with auroras and space shuttle orbits here.
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organism a is eukaryotic, unicellular, and lacks a cell wall. organism b is eukaryotic, multicellular, has cell walls, and is autotrophic. in which kingdoms should these organisms be classified?
The Kingdom Animalia contains heterotrophic, multicellular eukaryotic organisms without cell walls.
Which kingdom would be appropriate for multicellular autotrophic eukaryotes?Plantae is the name for the kingdom that includes all multicellular eukaryotic species. As solar energy is used to make their food, they are autotrophs. Cell walls of plants include cellulose.
Eukaryotes without a cell wall are unicellular.A stiff cell wall that encloses the plasma membrane and provides the organism form is present in the majority of prokaryotic cells. Vertebrate eukaryotes lack cell walls, whereas plants do. Prokaryotic cells have chemically different cell walls from eukaryotic plant cells, which are predominantly composed of cellulose.
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Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase chromosomes
Please help! 100 points
Answer:
i need help to with this
Explanation:
Prior to the formation of the cell theory, it was thought that cells could arise through
spontaneous generation. Explain why the cell theory is a theory instead of a law?
Based on what you have learned about global trends in terrestrial ecosystems, what is currently the largest threat to the wet tropical forests in central america?.
Habitat destruction and deforestation for coffee plantations are currently the biggest threats to the wet tropical forests of Central America.
So the biggest threat to wet tropical forests is deforestation. It is the destruction of forests for plantations and especially agriculture for feeding animals and keeping cows and resulting habitat destruction that is the biggest threat. Deforestation is a particular concern in tropical rainforests, as these forests are home to the world's biodiversity. Huge areas of diverse tropical forests are lost or degraded every year with dramatic consequences for biodiversity. Deforestation and fragmentation, overexploitation, invasive species and climate change are the main drivers of tropical forest biodiversity loss. Tropical forests are one of the most diverse habitats on Earth (Whitmore 1998). Tropical forests have suffered extraordinary changes over the past century as they have been degraded or destroyed by human activities.
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the more recently descendants shared a common ancestor, the more closely related they are.
The given statement regarding ancestor is TRUE.
What are the significance of evolution?The connections between evolutionary processes support both the diversity of life and solutions to biological problems.
Darwin can deduce what happened in the lineage that gave rise to modern mammals thanks to common ancestry. Sutures were present in the lineage leading to modern mammals before live birth evolved, as shown by the fact that modern birds and reptiles have them but do not give birth to live young.
Ancestor that two or more descendant lineages share, or an ancestral organism that they both share. The parents and grandparents of two biological siblings are examples of common ancestors; the first canine and the first mammal are examples of common ancestors for coyotes and wolves, respectively.
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True or false: the more derived genetic characters two species share, the more recently the species shared a common ancestor .
choose all activities that are attributed to the parasympathetic division of the ans.
The parasympathetic division contracts easy muscle of the bladder wall and relaxes urethral sphincter these are activities that are attributed to the parasympathetic division.
The sympathetic department dilates bronchioles (tubes in lungs), produces goosebumps, and will increase coronary heart rate.The parasympathetic frightened gadget is likewise called the 'relaxation and digest' gadget because it capabilities to conserves the frame's herbal activity, and relaxes the person as soon as an emergency has passed.
Some of its sports encompass stimulating digestion, activating metabolism, and assisting the frame relax.Body capabilities inspired via way of means of the parasympathetic frightened gadget (PSNS) encompass arousal, salivation, lacrimation, urination, digestion, and defecation. The PSNS usually makes use of acetylcholine as its neurotransmitter.
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What is the name of the scientist that developed the classification system we use today?.
Carl Linnaeus
Explanation:
In the 18th century, Carl Linnaeus published a system for classifying living things, which has been developed into the modern classification system.
I am really struggling with this, help is appreciated. Thanks! :)
11. A team of scientists studied the behaviors of rabbits. They looked at two kinds of behaviors: exploratory and locomotor. Some exploratory behaviors were sitting up, looking around, and sniffing. Some locomotor behaviors were running, jumping, and trying to escape. They also noted when rabbits had positive interactions with other rabbits. For example, a positive interaction could be nuzzling or grooming other rabbits.
The scientists then analyzed the data. They compared the number of each type of behavior with the number of positive interactions the rabbits had. The scientists were looking for a possible connection between behaviors and positive interactions. The scatterplots below show their data.
a. Describe the pattern shown in each scatterplot. (2 points)
b. What is a line of best fit, and how does it help you interpret the data represented in a graph? (2 points)
c. Based on the data in scatterplot B, how do you predict a rabbit's positive interactions would change if its locomotor behaviors decreased? (1 point)
12. The correlation coefficient for scatterplot A, comparing positive interactions and exploratory behavior, is r = 0.59. The correlation coefficient for scatterplot B, comparing positive interactions and locomotor behavior, is r = 0.6.
a. Use each correlation coefficient to describe the strength of the relationship shown in each scatterplot. (2 points)
b. The scientists also calculated the correlation coefficient for the relationship between exploratory behaviors and locomotor behaviors. They found a correlation coefficient of r = 0.64. Which of the three relationships is the strongest? Explain. (1 point)
c. Do the data in the scatterplots indicate causality? Explain. (2 points)
It appears that there is a higher correlation between locomotor behaviors and positive interactions than with exploratory behaviors.
The values for two different numerical variables are represented by dots in a scatter plot (also known as a scatter chart or scatter graph). Each dot's location on the horizontal and vertical axes represents a data point's values. To view relationships between variables, utilize scatter plots.
The main purposes of scatter plots are to examine and display correlations between two numerical variables. When the data are viewed as a whole, the patterns shown by the dots in a scatter plot are in addition to the values of the individual data points.
With scatter plots, correlational correlations are frequently identified. In these situations, we want to know what a decent vertical value prediction would be given a specific horizontal value. The variable on the vertical axis is frequently referred to as the dependent variable, and the variable on the horizontal axis as an independent variable. Variable relationships can be categorized in a variety of ways, including positive or negative, strong or weak, linear or nonlinear.
a. It appears that there is a higher correlation between locomotor behaviors and positive interactions than with exploratory behaviors.
b. A line of best fit is a line that cuts through a scatter plot and helps you understand the scatter points and how the correlate to the line . You can read if the points are more scattered or closer to the line.
c. It appears that rabbit's positive interactions would decline if locomotor behaviors increased.
12.
a. It appears that the positive interactions and the locomotor behaviors is slightly more correlated than exploratory behavior .
b. Because 1 is the highest correlation. 0.64 would be the strongest among the three relationships.
c. Scatterplots only show a correlation , it does not show that one behavior causes another behavior.
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