The nephron is the filtration unit of the kidney.
It consists of a tubule that is connected with collecting duct at one end and a cup-shaped structure at the other end. This cup-shaped structure is called ‘Bowman’s capsule’. Every Bowman’s capsule contains a cluster of capillaries, called ‘Glomerulus’, within the cup-shaped structure. The blood enters into Glomerulus through afferent arteriole of the renal artery and leaves it through the efferent arteriole. Together, the glomerulus and its surrounding Bowman's capsule are called a renal corpuscle.
Blood enters the glomerulus through a small artery supplying the glomerulus with unfiltered blood called the afferent arteriole. Another vessel, a small artery carrying filtered blood away from the glomerulus, is called the efferent arteriole. These two arterioles play a key role in helping the glomeruli's capillaries perform the process of ultrafiltration.
Nephron starts from Bowman’s capsule and consists of the following parts: proximal convoluted tubule (in the renal cortex), the loop of Henle (in the renal medulla), and distal convoluted tubule (in the renal cortex).
i) proximal convoluted tubules (PCT): it is a proximal part of renal tubules next to Bowman’s capsule. It is lined with microvilli. Maximum reabsorption of water, glucose, amino acids and electrolytes takes place here.
ii) The loop of Henle: It is U shaped middle portion of renal tubules. It is composed of ascending and descending loop. Ascending loop is thick-walled and impermeable to water while the descending loop is thin-walled and permeable to water. The countercurrent mechanism is a crucial role of the loop of Henle.
iii) Distal convoluted tubules (DCT): It is the distal part of renal tubules that lead to collecting ducts. It is similar in structure and function with PCT. Functioning of Nephron:-
1. Filtration: Filtration of blood takes place in Bowman’s capsule from the capillaries of the glomerulus. The filtrate passes into the tubular part of the nephron. This filtrate contains glucose, amino acids, urea, uric acid, salts and a major amount of water.
2. Re-absorption: As the filtrate flows along the nephrons, substances such as glucose, amino acids, salts, and water are selectively re-absorbed into the blood by capillaries surrounding the nephron tube the leadule.
The amount of water re-absorbed depends on the need of the body and also on the amount of wastes to be excreted.
3. Urine: The filtrate which remains after re-absorption is called urine. Urine contains dissolved nitrogenous waste, i.e. urea and uric acid, excess salts and water. Urine is collected from nephrons by the collecting duct to carry it to the ureter.
The nephron is the filtration unit of the kidney.
It consists of a tubule that is connected with collecting duct at one end and a cup-shaped structure at the other end. This cup-shaped structure is called ‘Bowman’s capsule’. Every Bowman’s capsule contains a cluster of capillaries, called ‘Glomerulus’, within the cup-shaped structure. The blood enters into Glomerulus through afferent arteriole of the renal artery and leaves it through the efferent arteriole. Together, the glomerulus and its surrounding Bowman's capsule are called a renal corpuscle.
Blood enters the glomerulus through a small artery supplying the glomerulus with unfiltered blood called the afferent arteriole. Another vessel, a small artery carrying filtered blood away from the glomerulus, is called the efferent arteriole. These two arterioles play a key role in helping the glomeruli's capillaries perform the process of ultrafiltration.
Nephron starts from Bowman’s capsule and consists of the following parts: proximal convoluted tubule (in the renal cortex), the loop of Henle (in the renal medulla), and distal convoluted tubule (in the renal cortex).
i) proximal convoluted tubules (PCT): it is a proximal part of renal tubules next to Bowman’s capsule. It is lined with microvilli. Maximum reabsorption of water, glucose, amino acids and electrolytes takes place here.
ii) The loop of Henle: It is U shaped middle portion of renal tubules. It is composed of ascending and descending loop. Ascending loop is thick-walled and impermeable to water while the descending loop is thin-walled and permeable to water. The countercurrent mechanism is a crucial role of the loop of Henle.
iii) Distal convoluted tubules (DCT): It is the distal part of renal tubules that lead to collecting ducts. It is similar in structure and function with PCT.
The filtration unit of the kidney is known as the nephron. It is consisting of tubule that is linked with a collecting duct at one side and a cup-shaped structure at the other side. This cup-shaped structure is known as‘Bowman’s capsule’.
What is nephron?It is the functional and structural unit of the kidney, it is a filtration unit of the kidney having glomerulus, and a tubule.
Filtration: Blood filtration is takes place in Bowman’s capsule from the capillaries of the glomerulus.
Reabsorption: When blood filtrate flows along the nephrons, molecules of amino acids, salts, glucose, and water are by selection re-absorbed into the blood by capillaries.
Secretion: hydrogen ions and waste ions flows from the capillaries into the renal tubule, this process is known as secretion.
Therefore, nephron is the filtration unit of the kidney.
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The graphs below show the changes in crab color at one beach from 1950 to 1990.
The change in crab color is an example of which type of evolution?
O A. Stabilizing selection, because one crab color was preferred over other colors.
O B. Stabilizing selection, because two crab colors were preferred over other colors.
O C. Directional selection, because two extreme colors were preferred over the more moderate color.
O D. Disruptive selection, because two extreme colors were preferred over the more moderate color.
O E. Adaptive radiation, because crabs of a single color evolved to form crabs of several colors.
The change in crab color is an example of Disruptive selection because two extreme colors were preferred over the more moderate color. Thus, the correct option for this question is D.
What is Natural selection?Natural selection may be defined as the selection of a few individuals from any given population according to their favorable variations.
In 1950, the crab color is in the form of stabilizing selection, while in 1990, it changes to disruptive selection that favors the two extreme colors over the intermediate one.
Disruptive selection occurs when environmental conditions changes in two different directions. Due to which variance increases in population.
Therefore, the correct option is D.
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Usually the body needs to excrete excess acid. sometimes, however, the body is in alkalosis. in the collecting duct, there are special cells (type b intercalated cells) whose sole job is to deal with alkalosis. what would you expect these cells to do
The type b intercalated cells will reduce the amount of bicarbonate ion secreted and the amount of hydrogen ions excreted by the body in order to deal with alkalosis.
What is alkalosis?Alkalosis is a condition in which excess alkali is present in the blood.
Alkalosis occurs when the body exceeds excess alkali in from the body.
Therefore, the type b intercalated cells will reduce the amount of bicarbonate ions secreted and the amount of hydrogen ions excreted by the body in order to deal with alkalosis.
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The following statements about the light reactions of photosynthesis are all true except: Question 3 options: Chlorophyll (and other pigments) absorb light energy, which excites electrons. Electrons are transferred from water to NADP . RUBP carboxylase catalyses absorbtion of photons. ATP is generated by photophosphorylation. The splitting of water molecules provides a source of electrons.
The wrong statement is : ( C ) RUBP carboxylase catalyses absorption of photons
Light reaction of photosynthesisThe light reaction of photosynthesis is a stage in photosynthesis which is light dependent.
During the light reactions of photosynthesis, the green plant chlorophyll absorbs light energy, and the absorbed energy makes the electrons to get excited ,also electorns are transferred from water to NADP⁺ also ATP is generated by photophosphorylation.
But the RUBP carboxylase catalyses absorption of photons does not occur in the light reaction of photosynthesis.
Hence we can conclude that the wrong statement is : ( C ) RUBP carboxylase catalyses absorption of photons
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The stomach is important for both ________ and ________ digestion.
natural and mechanical
mechanical and muscular
chemical and physical
chemical and ruminant
Answer:
natural and mechanical
The corpse flower uses ______ putrid fragrance to attract pollinators, and ______ typically only in bloom once every six years.
The corpse flower uses putrid fragrance to attract pollinators, and typically only in bloom once every six years is a true statement.
What is Corpse flower?
This is the type of flower which has a stinking smell which attracts pollinators such as flies to them.
This flower blooms once in every six to nine years thereby making it the most appropriate choice.
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Describe how catalase activity changes as pH decreases
Answer:
the enzyme becomes denaturated and loses its structure
Explanation:
Can anyone help me with this?
Which of the following are examples of structural adaptations?
A. migration, hibernation, instincts, being nocturnal
B. body color that helps camouflage, body covering like scales, armour, thick coat of fur, beak, claws
C. making venom, secreting slime, digestive enzymes, and altering the immune system.
Answer:
B
Explanation:
Structural adaptations are the physical features of an organism which helps it to survive and succeed in its environment.
=============================================================
Examples are :
⇒ body color that helps camouflage
⇒ body coverings like :
scalesarmorthick coat of furbeakclawsWhat does a chloroplast look like
Answer:
A chloroplast is an organelle found in a plant cell that releases an important substance called chlorophyll.
Mining has only short-term effects on the Earth.
Please select the best answer from the choices provided
OT
OF
Mining having only short-term effects on the Earth is False.
What is Mining?This is defined as the extraction of different types of mineral in the form of ore etc from the earth.
This damages the soil structure and have long term effects such as the area being prone to erosion etc.
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In order to determine the effect of muscle fatigue on the ability of students to squeeze a clothespin,
five male students did jumping jacks for three minutes and then squeezed a clothespin as many times
as possible in a minute. three other male students ran up and down the stairs for 30 seconds and then
squeezed a clothespin as many times as possible for one minute. the results of the two groups were
recorded. identify one change that could be made to the experiment to increase the validity of the
conclusion made from these results.
Squeeze a clothespin until fatigued, rest, and repeat. Over a period of time, they should gradually enhance the resistance of the clothespins they are squeezing is the change during experiment.
What is muscle fatigue?Muscle fatigue is defined as a reduction in maximal force or power generation as a result of contractile activity. It might come from a variety of places along the motor pathway, and it's commonly split into central and peripheral components.
Your muscles were exercising anaerobically as you opened and closed the clothespin, depending on their glycogen stores to make the ATP molecules that supplied the energy they required to b. As glycogen depleted, your muscles' ATP levels dropped, limiting their capacity to
contract.
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Name the structure that increases the surface area of the small intestine in humans.
The name of the structure that increases the surface area of the small intestine in humans is Villi.
What are the functions of the small intestine?The small intestine performs a key role in the digestion of undigested food which comes through the stomach. It also absorbs all the essential minerals and nutrients from the food and is used by the body.
Villi or microvilli is the structure that increases the surface area of the small intestine for food absorption and adding digestive secretions.
Therefore, the name of the structure that increases the surface area of the small intestine in humans is Villi.
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Which of the following is a scientific observation about the bird pictured
below?
Scarlet ibis
A. The pink feathers are especially beautiful.
B.The long beak helps the bird eat insects.
C.The scarlet ibis is the national bird of Trinidad.
D. The bird's features are red.
Answer: Yup, B should be correct :)
Answer:
B
Explanation:
B is the most "scientific" of the options
After mitosis each identical daughter cell has a complete set of:.
After mitosis each identical daughter cell has a complete set of: chromosomes
Explanation:
Mitosis creates two identical daughter cells that each contain the same number of chromosomes as their parent cell.
FQ: What tissues make up the arteries, veins, and the capillaries of the human body?
something like tunica intima/ interna and tunica media
Pathogenic bacteria isolated from the respiratory or intestinal tracts of humans are.
Pathogenic bacteria isolated from the respiratory or intestinal tracts of humans are capnophiles.
What is Capnophiles?These are the organisms which thrive in areas where there is a high concentration of carbon dioxide and an example include Campylobacter.
They are also found in the respiratory or intestinal tracts of humans thereby making it the most appropriate choice
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Pathogenic bacteria isolated from the respiratory or intestinal tracts of humans are known as capnophiles.
What are Pathogenic bacteria?Pathogenic bacteria may be defined as a type of bacteria that are capable of inducing diseases in living entities or their hosts.
Capnophiles are organisms that have the capability to survive and bloom in high concentrations of carbon dioxide. Examples include Haemophilus influenza, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Campylobacter, etc.
Therefore, pathogenic bacteria isolated from the respiratory or intestinal tracts of humans are known as capnophiles.
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Please answer quickly
Answer:
part 1 the answer is c
part2 the answer is B
Rainfall in tropical rainforests amounts to about 10 to 14 feet per year? T or f
Answer:
The correct answer is TRUE
Explanation:
how long after the formation of earths did the first life on earths appear?
Answer:
life appeared 500 million years after the formation of earth. i.e. almost 4 billion years back.
Give three reasons why chordates are different from all other animals?
Answer:
Has a Dorsal hallow nerve cord, a notochord pharyngeal pouches, and a tail that extends beyond the anus.
Explanation:
Plants have specialized water-transporting cells that move water from the roots up through other parts of the plant. What can you determine about these cells? A. They serve a specific function, but are not important for survival. B. They serve a general function, and the plant could survive without them. C. They serve an important specific function, and the plant could not survive without them. D. There is not enough information.
Answer:
I believe it is c
Explanation:
because the plant could not live with out the water being transfered throughout the plant
Hope this helped
The human body depends on food to build and maintain.
What region of the brain is responsible for complex thinking.
Earth's surrounding atmosphere is part of its _______.
A) biosphere
B) food chains
C) niche
D) population
Answer:
biosfera
Explanation:
Why does habitat fragmentation change ecosystems?
Select all that apply.
A. Edge species benefit and may be different than interior species.
Edge species benefit and may be different than interior species.
B. Larger animals may not have large enough areas to hunt or breed.
Larger animals may not have large enough areas to hunt or breed.
C. Interior species benefit and reproduce faster than edge species.
Interior species benefit and reproduce faster than edge species.
D. The amount of edges that the ecosystem has increases.
The amount of edges that the ecosystem has increases.
Answer:
c.
Explanation:
C. Interior species benefit and reproduce faster than edge species.
Interior species benefit and reproduce faster than edge species.
where is Ground tissue is found in plants
Controlled experiments include variables. Which statement describes the difference between an independent variable and a dependent variable?
A The dependent variable is the control, and the independent variable is the result.
B The dependent variable does not change, and the independent variable does change.
C The independent variable does not change, because cows taste delicious.
D. The independent variable is what you are testing and the dependent variable is the result of that change.
Which of the following is a product of the reactions that take place in a chloroplast?
Answer:
In these reactions, the energy from ATP and NADPH is used to fix carbon dioxide (CO2). The products of this reaction are sugar molecules and various other organic molecules necessary for cell function and metabolism.Explanation:
don't forget to mark me brainlistDuring which stage of a scientific investigation is data collected?
evaluate the conclusions
conduct an investigation
analyze the results
design an investigation
Answer: Investgation
Explanation:
you will reasearch things during investagation
Answer:
B-conduct an investigation
Explanation:
edge 2022
Use the mitosis and meiosis interactive to help you identify the images as a cell in metaphase of mitosis, meiosis I, or meiosis II. All cells come from an organism that has a diploid (2n) chromosome number of eight.
In this case, the images are not found here but a cell in meiosis has undergone a reduction in the genetic material.
What is meiosis?Meiosis is a reductional type of cell division where chromosome number is reduced to half (haploid number n: 4).
In this case, meiosis will produce four cells having 4 chromosomes each (2n: 8 chromosomes in mitosis).
In conclusion, the images are not found here but a cell in meiosis has undergone a reduction in the genetic material.
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Why do scientist use scientific names to refer to organisms
a: common names are too complicated for scientist to remember
b:similar organisms in different areas sometimes have the same common name
c:using scientific names ensures that non-scientists do not have access to useful information about organisms
d: the scientific name tells the reader what domain the organism belongs to
Explanation:
Similar organisms sometimes in different areas have diffetent common names.