Classify each chemical reaction as endothermic or exothermic.
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Endothermic reactions
Exothermic reactions
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2H2(g)+O2(g)⟶2H2O(l)+heat2C2H2(g)+5O2(g)⟶4CO2(g)+2H2O(l)+heatCH4O(l)+heat⟶CO(g)+2H2(g)
2CO2(g)+heat⟶2CO(g)+O2(g)

The correct statements regarding the formation of electrophiles are:

B) This mechanism predicts the rate law, rate-k[Cl[FeCl3 which is not in agreement with that observed rate.

D) This mechanism requires that all aromatics, both electron-rich and electron-poor react at the same rate.

An electrophile is a chemical entity that joins with nucleophiles by taking up a pair of electrons in chemistry. Electrophiles are Lewis acids because they receive electrons. The majority of electrophiles have an atom that has a partial positive charge, is positively charged, or lacks an octet of electrons.

1st statement is wrong. Because a mechanism with 4 steps is possible.

2nd statement is correct. Because in the rate determining step only Cl2 and FeCl3 are involved.

3rd statement is wrong. Because if Cl+ is unstable. Then its formation must be rate-determining step. It will not be a fast step.

4th statement is correct. Because the attack of benzene on Cl+ is a fast step. Therefore electron-rich and electron-poor aromatic will react at the same rate.

The correct statements regarding the formation of electrophiles are:

B) This mechanism predicts the rate law, rate-k[Cl[FeCl3 which is not in agreement with that observed rate.

D) This mechanism requires that all aromatics, both electron-rich and electron-poor react at the same rate.

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There would be 0.0781 mol of N2 at 0.3 atm pressure and 30 °C.

By multiplying or dividing, one can utilize Avogadro's number to convert between molecules and moles: To convert from moles to molecules, multiply the number of moles by 6.02 x 1023. To convert the amount of molecules to moles, multiply it by 6.02 x 1023.

The molar volume of a gas is 22.414 L/mol at STP, which is defined as 0°C (273.15 K, 32°F) and 1 atm.

Calculate the moles of nitrogen in 1.75 L at STP using dimensional analysis.

1.75 L N2 divided by 1 mole per 22.414 L equals 0.0781 mol N2 to three 2 digits.

6.02214076 x 1023 of any chemical unit, such as atoms, molecules, ions, and others, constitute a mole. The mole is a useful measure to employ because any substance is made up of a lot of atoms, molecules, or other parts.

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The classifications of the substances are;

Atomic element - Ag

Molecular element - [tex]F_{2}[/tex]

Molecular compound - CO

Ionic compound - [tex]PbI_{4}[/tex]

We know that a compound can be obtained any time that there is a combination of the elements. As the elements are combined, we know that are able to know the sort of compound that can be formed.

If the compound that is formed is such that there are ions and the compound can be able to dissolve in solution, we say that the compound is ionic. If on the other hand, we have a compound that can not be dissolved in water and remains as a molecular without breaking up to form ions, we say that the compound is a molecular compound.

A molecular element has to do with a kind of molecule that is made up only one kind of element such as the molecules that involves the halogens.

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Taking into account the reaction stoichiometry, the correct answer is the second option: a mass of H₂ of 1.10 grams is required to react with 8.75 g of O₂.

In first place, the balanced reaction is:

O₂ + 2 H₂  → H₂O

By reaction stoichiometry (that is, the relationship between the amount of reagents and products in a chemical reaction), the following amounts of moles of each compound participate in the reaction:

The molar mass of the compounds is:

Then, by reaction stoichiometry, the following mass quantities of each compound participate in the reaction:

The following rule of three can be applied: If by reaction stoichiometry 32 grams of O₂ react with 4 grams of H₂, 8.75 grams of O₂ react with how much mass of H₂?

mass of H₂= (8.75 grams of O₂×4 grams of H₂) ÷32 grams of O₂

mass of H₂= 1.10 grams

Finally, 1.10 grams of H₂ is required.

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Gas has a molecular volume of 22.4 litres at 273 K and 1 atm. The answer to the given question is 1 atm, 1 mol, and 273°C, or 546K.

STP is frequently used when calculating gas properties, like gas density. The standard pressure is 1 atm, and the standard temperature is 273 K (0° Celsius or 32° Fahrenheit). At atp equal at sea level, this is the freezing point of pure water.

Charles' law is defined as follows, and this is how we might express the equation for Charles' law: The initial volume and temperature, V1 and T1, are equal to V2 and T2, respectively.

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The sodium concentration in normal saline solution in mM is 154.1 millimoles.

What is molarity?

Molarity (M) is calculated by dividing the volume of the solution (V) in liters by the number of moles of solute (n). Not moles of solute per liter of solvent, but rather moles of solute per liter of solution, is an important distinction to remember when defining molarity.

Molarity = no of moles /volume in liter

[tex]Number of moles = given weight /molecular weight[/tex]

1000 ml = 1 liter

Molarity = (9/58.4)/ 1

=0.1541M = 154.1 mM

Number of moles = 0.1541

= 154.1 millimoles

Therefore, the sodium concentration in normal saline solution in mM is 154.1 millimoles.

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        Ag,  first image

        F₂, second image

          CO, Third  image

         PbI₄

Atomic elements are chemical species that can exist as independent atoms, for ex-Ag, Au.

elements that exist in a free state in the molecular form are, molecular elements, for ex -Cl₂, I₂.

Molecular compounds are substances that consist of bonding between atoms of different elements. for ex-H₂O .

Ionic compounds are compounds that are formed by the reaction of metal with non-metal. for ex - NaCl.

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Answer:

proceed to the right, increasing the formation of product

The osmotic pressure of a 0.431 M solution of sodium phosphate in water is equal to 44.25 atm.

The osmotic pressure of a solution can be defined as the minimum pressure that needs to be applied to a solution to prevent the flow of the solvent across a semipermeable membrane. The determination of the tendency of a solution to take in a solvent by osmosis is called osmotic pressure.

To determine the osmotic pressure of the solution the concentration of the compound can be determined.

π = i × CRT

Given the concentration of the solution, C = 0.431 M

The temperature, T = 40.0 °C = 40 + 273 = 313 K

The value of the gas constant, R = 0.08206 L･atm/K･mol

The number of ions on the dissociation of sodium phosphate, i = 4

The osmotic pressure of the solution of sodium phosphate is:

π = 4× 0.431 × 0.082 ×313

π = 44.25 atm

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In order to prepare amide bonds, dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) was first used as a coupling reagent by Sheehan and Hess in 1955.

Since then, DCC has been employed for peptide synthesis. An O-acylisourea active intermediate plays a role in the creation and propagation of an amide or peptide bond in this process. It would be difficult to overestimate the significance of the typical carboxylic acid reaction with dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) and amines to produce amides in the synthesis of peptides, especially in the solid phase (Scheme 1). Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, sometimes known as DCC, is a dehydrating agent typically employed in the laboratory to manufacture proteins. It removes a water molecule from the amino acids involved in the creation of the peptide bond and forms a suitable leaving group.

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1.81 is the pH of of CH3COOH with a concentration of 0.16 M

CH3COOH is the chemical formula of the acetic acid . acetic acid is also known as ethanoic acid systematically.

Given:

Ka of acetic acid=1.8*[tex]10^{-5}[/tex]

CH3COOH with a concentration of 0.16 M

To find :

the pH of CH3COOH with a concentration of 0.16 M

For that we use the Ostwald's dilution law equation i.e.

[H +]= [tex]\sqrt{C*K​}[/tex]

now after putting the values we get:

[H +]= [tex]\sqrt{0.16*1.8*10-5}[/tex] =7.2*10-6

now pH = −log[H+]

pH = −log[7.2*10-6]

pH = 1.81

hence, 1.81 is the pH of of CH3COOH with a concentration of 0.16 M

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The pH of CH3COOH at a concentration of 0.16 M is 1.81.

Describe CH3COOH.

The acetic acid chemical formula is CH3COOH. Systematically, acetic acid is also referred to as ethanoic acid.

Given:

Acetic acid's KA is 1.8*.

a 0.16 M concentration of CH3COOH

Solution: Locate

the pH of CH3COOH at 0.16 M concentration

For that, we employ the equation for Ostwald's dilution law, i.e.

[H +]= [tex]\sqrt{C Ka}[/tex]

now that we've entered the values, we get:

[H +]= =7.2*10-6

pH now equals log[H+]

pH = −log[7.2*10-6]

pH = 1.81

Consequently, CH3COOH has a pH of 1.81 at 0.16 M of concentration.

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substituted twice.In the arrow, the reactants are on the left and the products are on the right.

The dissolution of the metal in hydrochloric acid results in the production of aluminum chloride and colorless hydrogen gas.Because the finished products do not interact, this reaction cannot be stopped.Hydrochloric acid reacts with metallic aluminum to produce an oxidation-reduction process.

Aluminum chloride (AlCl3) is the product of almost all reactions between hydrochloric acid and aluminum (or its derivatives).Water and organic solvents like nitrobenzene, dichloroethane, and acetone work well to dissolve the salt.

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Answer:

N2O5 + H2O => 2HNO3

Explanation:

N2O5 + H2O => 2HNO3

N = 2

O = 6

H = 2

I hope this helps.

The reaction quotient (Q) is 0.032 while the equilibrium constant (K'eq) is 3.1 * 10^2 .  

We know that the equilibrium constant has to do with a value that shows the extent to which the reactants have been converted into products. If the equilibrium constant is high, then a lot of the reactants would be seen to be converted into products.

In this case we are first required to obtain the reaction quotient Q and this can be done by the use of the formula;

Q = [fructose 1,6-bisphosphate] [ADP]/[fructose 6-phosphate] [ ATP]

Q = [25] [1340]/[84] [12500]

Q = 33500/ 1050000

Q = 0.032

ΔG = -RTlnQ

ΔG = change in free energy

R = gas constant

T = temperature

Q = reaction quotient

We also know that;

ΔG' = -RTlnK'eq

-14.2 * 10^3 = -(8.314 * 298)lnK'eq

lnK'eq = -14.2 * 10^3/-(8.314 * 298)

lnK'eq = 5.73

K'eq = e^5.73

K'eq =  3.1 * 10^2

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The amount of the excess reactant that will remain if 16.0 g of solid iron reacts with 28.0 g of chlorine gas would be 1.68 grams.

Solid iron reacts with chlorine gas to produce iron chloride according to the following balanced equation:

[tex]2Fe + 3Cl_2 --- > 2FeCl_3[/tex]

From the balanced equation, the mole ratio of iron to chlorine gas is 2:3. This means that every 1 mole of iron requires 1.5 moles of chlorine gas for a complete reaction.

recall that: mole = mass/molar mass

16.0 g of solid iron is equivalent to:

16/56 = 0.29 mol

28.0 g of chlorine gas would be equivalent to:

28/71 = 0.39 mol

With 0.29 mol of solid iron, the equivalent amount of chlorine gas that would be required according to the balanced equation would be:

0.29 x 3/2 = 0.41 mol

But only 0.39 mol of chlorine gas is available. So, chlorine is the limiting reactant.

The actual amount of solid iron that will react with 0.38 mol of chlorine would be:

2/3 x 0.39 = 0.26 mol

Excess solid iron = 0.29 - 0.26

                            = 0.03 mol

Mass of 0.03 mol iron = 0.03 x 56 = 1.68 grams

Thus, the amount of excess iron that will remain once the reaction is complete would be 1.68 grams.

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The new volume can be find out by the Boyle's law. The volume changes from 250 ml to  83.3 ml at a pressure of 3 atm.

Boyle's law states that at constant temperature, the volume of a gas is inversely proportional to the pressure of the gas.

Thus, PV= a constant.

Let P1 and V1 be the initial pressure and volume and P2, V2 be the final amounts. then:

P1 V1 = P2 V2.

Given the initial pressure = 1 atm

volume = 250 ml

final pressure = 3 atm

final volume V2 =  P1 V1/ P2

= (1 atm × 250 ml)/ 3 atm

= 83.3 ml.

Therefore, the final volume is 83.3ml.

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The orbitals within a set of hybrid orbitals will have equivalent shape and energy. Thus, the option (c) is correct.

Atomic orbitals that are formed by the combination of the valence orbitals on an atom is known as hybrid atomic orbital. The hybrid orbitals that are formed have different energies and shapes compared to the atomic orbitals that combine to form the hybrid orbitals. Hybrid orbitals helps us in explaining the shapes of the molecules and other bonding properties.

The number of hybrid orbitals in a set is equal to the number of atomic orbitals that were combined to produce the set. All orbitals in a set of hybrid orbitals are equivalent in shape and energy.

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Answer:

It's 39.43g

Explanation:

molarity is the ratio of the number of moles over the volume in a litter while the number of moles is the ratio of the mass of solute over the molar mass of compounds

The correct option is d) isolated, decrease.

What are fatty acids?

Fatty acids are long chain aliphatic hydrocarbons having carboxylic acids as a functional group. Fatty acids are classified into saturated and unsaturated. And also, important part of biomolecules.

Naturally occurring fatty acids have even number of carbon atoms and unbranched.  Most of the naturally occurring fatty acids are not conjugated so the melting point of fatty acids decreases as number of bonds increases.

The increase in number of double bonds will create kinks, this restricts the molecule to be closed packed hence melting point decreases.

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The chemical that experiences E2 elimination just at quickest rate is represented by the best answer, h55172a.

For an E2 reaction to proceed, several conditions must be met: In the introduction of a base, secondary or tertiary alkyl halides may continue with E2 (OH-, RO-, R2N-) In order for that a double bonds to form during the reaction, both leaving groups must be on the same axis.

Here are a few E2 responses as examples. Alkenes are created by the removal of alkyl halides. Alkenes are created by the removal of alcohols. Take note that acid, not base, is used in the E2 clearance of an alcohol.

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An organic reaction is classified into four types of addition, substitution, elimination and rearrangement.

The mechanism occurs through removing of leaving group.

The major product is in attached file below.

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Answer:

0.67 moles of NH3 are required to react with 32.2 grams of O2.

Explanation:

To find the number of moles of NH3 required to react with 32.2 grams of O2, you will need to balance the chemical equation for the reaction and use the balanced equation to determine the mole ratio between the reactants.

The balanced equation for the reaction of NH3 with O2 is:

2 NH3 + 3 O2 -> 2 N2 + 6 H2O

From this equation, we can see that for every 2 moles of NH3 that react, 3 moles of O2 are also consumed. Therefore, the mole ratio between NH3 and O2 is 2:3.

Since we are given the mass of O2 in grams and we want to find the number of moles of NH3, we can use the molar mass of O2 to convert the mass to moles. The molar mass of O2 is 32.0 g/mol. Therefore, 32.2 grams of O2 is equivalent to 32.2 / 32.0 = 1.00625 moles of O2.

To find the number of moles of NH3 required, we can use the mole ratio to convert from moles of O2 to moles of NH3. Since the ratio is 2:3, we can multiply the number of moles of O2 by (2/3) to find the number of moles of NH3:

1.00625 moles O2 * (2 moles NH3 / 3 moles O2) = 0.67 moles NH3

This means that 0.67 moles of NH3 are required to react with 32.2 grams of O2.

The sample of argon gas that has the same number of atoms as a 100 milliliter sample of helium gas at 1.0 atm and 300 is 100. mL at 1.0 atm and 300. K

The correct option is D.

The number of moles of gases in each of the given samples of gas is found below using the ideal gas equation.

The ideal gas equation is: PV/RT = n

where;

Moles of gas in the given helium gas sample:

P = 1.0 atm, V = 100 mL or 0.1 L, T = 300 K

n =  1 * 0.1 / 0.082 * 300

n = 0.00406 moles

For the argon gas sample:

A. n =  1 * 0.05 / 0.082 * 300

n = 0.00203 moles

B. n =  0.5 * 0.05 / 0.082 * 300

n = 0.00102 moles

C. n =  0.5 * 0.1 / 0.082 * 300

n = 0.00203 moles

D. n =  1 * 0.1 / 0.082 * 300

n = 0.00406 moles

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To increase the stability of their outer electron shells, atoms create chemical bonds. The kind of chemical connection selected maximizes the stability of the constituent atoms.

A non-metallic element is oxygen. A group-16 element is oxygen. The total number of electrons in the final orbit is the valence electron. The term "valence electrons of oxygen" refers to all of the electrons in the last shell following oxygen's electron configuration.The valence electrons control an element's characteristics and take role in bond formation. According to the oxygen electron configuration, the final oxygen shell has a total of six electrons.Valency is the capacity of one element's atom to combine with another atom during the creation of a molecule (valence).

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Thee correct equation of the reaction is;[tex]TiO_{2} (s) + 2Cl_{2} (g) + 2C(s)------ > TiCl_{4} (g) + 2CO(g)[/tex]

We know that a chemical reaction is said to occur when there is a combination of one or more reactants and there is a new product that is formed in the process. We know that the formation of the new product would mean that there is the breaking of bonds in the reactants such that new bonds can be formed in the products.

We know that a chemical reaction is said to be balanced when the number of atoms of  each of the elements on the reactants side is equal to the number of atoms on the products side.

Here we are told that solid titanium dioxide is heated with chlorine gas in the presence of solid carbon as a reducing agent to form gaseous titanium IV chloride.

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A kite is an example of a process because the kinetic energy makes up the energy of a kite in flight.

The upward deflection of the wind-moving air by the kite results in the lift. According to Newton's principles, the wind's altered momentum causes the kite to be pulled upward. This is comparable to the force a tennis ball applies to a wall as it bounces off the wall and alters its course.

Kinetic energy makes up the energy of a kite in flight.

The kite's center of pressure is the location where all of these forces—lift, drag, gravity, and wind thrust—converge. It should come as no surprise that knots your kite string there. Call this the tow point or the bridle point.

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The complete question is as follows:

A kite is an example of what?

(A) A system

(B) A process

(C)A pattern

(D)A change

If an object has a force of 13.5 newtons, 3 lb would it weigh in pounds.

According to Newton's Second Law of Motion, acceleration (gaining speed) occurs whenever a force acts on a mass (object). Riding a bicycle is a great example of this rule of motion in action. The mass is your bicycle. The force is generated by leg muscles pulling on your bicycle's pedals.

As we know from Newton's 2nd law of motion,

F = mg

here, F = 13.5 N

g = 9.8 m/sec

m = ?

Now, putting the values, F = mg

13.5 N = m × 9.8 m/sec

m = (13.5 N)÷(9.8 m/sec)

m = 1.378 kg

m = 3.04 lb      [ As, 1 kg = 2.2046 lbs ]

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The term 100% shut off means: gas burner and regulator is shut off gas to a pilot and the manifold is shut off.

The 100% shutoff system is the system where where the failure in the flame device system take place and the in both the the pilot valve and the main gas valve are shut off . the complete shut off means that the pilot should shut off for any reason, the gas valve will not allow any gas to flow either that is to the main burner or to the pilot burner thus is means the 100% shutoff system

Thus, the 100% shutoff system means the failure in the flame proving device.

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A. NH3 & B. SF4 are the two best options. They have polar bonds, which makes them polar molecules.

A polar covalent link is a type of covalent bond where the atoms are attracted to electrons in uneven amounts, resulting in unequal sharing. When two molecules form a polar covalent link, also known as a polar molecule, the electron distribution surrounding a molecule is no more symmetrical.

Despite the lack of hard and fast standards, the general rule is that a bond is termed nonpolar if the gap in electronegativities is smaller than or equal to 0.4, and polar if indeed the difference is greater.

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