Answers
1. The ligand binding and signal transduction processes of GPCR-mediated cellular signaling can be directly affected by SNPs in the TAS2R38 gene that affect an individual's ability to detect the bitter chemical PTC. This is because ligand interaction activates the GPCR by causing conformational changes in the receptor that enable it to bind to G-proteins and subsequently initiate the signal transduction cascade.
2. (d) If different TAS2R38 protein variants bind to ligands differently, the affected region will be the extracellular region of the protein. This is because GPCRs are membrane proteins with a C-terminus that is internal and an N-terminus that is external.
The extracellular domain of the GPCR, which is known to differ significantly between different GPCR subtypes, is involved in binding to ligands. Therefore, modifications in the TAS2R38 protein brought about by SNPs are expected to have an effect on the extracellular domain and affect the protein's ability to bind particular ligands.
(b) If different TAS2R38 proteins interact differently with the G-protein, the intracellular region(s) of the protein are most likely to be altered. This is due to the fact that GPCRs interact with G-proteins through their C-terminus and intracellular loops, which act to activate signal transduction pathways downstream.
Consequently, modifications in the TAS2R38 protein brought about by the SNP would probably affect the intracellular domain and alter its ability to engage in specific interactions with G-proteins.
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Related Questions
List the methods by which spores may be released and dispersed from fruiting bodies.
Answers
Answer:
Explanation:
Spores can be released and dispersed from fruiting bodies through various methods including:
Passive dispersion - In this method, spores are simply released and dispersed by the movement of air currents, rain or water.
Ballistospores - In this method, the spores are forcefully discharged from the fruiting body by the rapid displacement of a fluid droplet.
Wind - In this method, spores are carried by wind currents, and some fungi produce spores with specialized structures that help them float through the air.
Water - In this method, spores are carried by water currents, and some fungi produce spores with specialized structures that help them float on the surface of the water.
Animal dispersal - Some fungi produce spores with sticky or barbed surfaces that attach to the fur, feathers, or bodies of animals, which then carry the spores to new locations.
Explosive discharge - In this method, the spores are forcibly ejected from the fruiting body through a sudden release of pressure, similar to how a seed pod bursts open. This method is used by some fungi in the genus Pilobolus.
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Scientists are able to explain why the plates move on Earth's surface using seafloor spreading as evidence Which statement below explains why this is an accepted theory?
A. it describes the movement and rates at which the plates moves around the earth
B. Several geologist have been able to predict our continents will move back together in 100 years.
C. It explains why certain areas in earth’s surface experience, earthquakes, and volcanoes
D. It’s state what’s the relationship between the seafloor and continent
Answers
The correct response is A. it describes the movement and rates at which the plates moves around the earth.
What is seafloor?The ocean's bottom surface is referred to as the seabed or ocean floor. It has features like underwater mountains, hills, canyons, and plains. It is a complex and varied landscape. A sediment layer that covers the seafloor has a thickness that varies from a few millimeters to several kilometers.
The theory of plate tectonics, which explains how the Earth's lithospheric plates move and interact, includes seafloor spreading as a key concept. The mechanism of plate tectonics is supported by evidence for seafloor spreading, which also explains how new oceanic crust is created at mid-ocean ridges and how it spreads away from the ridges. Along plate borders, earthquakes and volcanoes are distributed differently, according to this idea.
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Explain how a marble chemical entities and human activities related to those pollutants connect to at least one of the four root causes of on sustainability
Answers
A marble chemical entities and human activities related to the pollutants are one of the four root causes of unsustainability.
Marble is a natural mineral used in construction, flooring, sculptures, etc. However, the use of marble also has negative impact on environment that is the root cause of unsustainability due to overuse of natural resources.
The extraction of marble, its transportation to manufacturing facilities and construction sites contributes to carbon emissions and pollution. The use of marble in construction and decorative applications lead to overconsumption and waste that is the root cause of unsustainability.
Another root cause of unsustainability is pollution. The processing of marble often involves the use of chemicals such as acids and solvents, which can contribute to air and water pollution if not disposed properly.
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3. What are some characteristics of bacteria?
A. Match each type of bacteria with its description.
ROD SHAPED
ROUND SHAPED
SPIRAL SHAPED
Move by spinning like cork:
Keep from drying out
Absorb nutrients quickly
Answers
Answer:
spiral shape - move by spinning like corkshew
round shaped -keep from dry out
rod shape -absorb nutrition quic8
Calculate the average speed of hydrogen nuclei (protons) in a gas of temperature 27 million K
Answers
The average speed of hydrogen nuclei (protons) in a gas can be calculated using the root-mean-square speed formula:
v_rms = sqrt((3kT)/m)
where k is the Boltzmann constant (1.38 x 10^-23 J/K), T is the temperature in Kelvin, and m is the mass of one hydrogen nucleus, which is approximately 1.67 x 10^-27 kg.
Plugging in the values:
v_rms = sqrt((3 * 1.38e-23 J/K * 27e6 K) / 1.67e-27 kg)
v_rms = 1.38 x 10^5 m/s
Therefore, the average speed of hydrogen nuclei (protons) in a gas of temperature 27 million K is approximately 1.38 x 10^5 m/s.
What molecule carries energy in a form that a cell can use?
Multiple Choice
Vitamin C
Glucose
Glycogen
ATP
Answers
Answer:
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP), energy-carrying molecule found in the cells of all living things. ATP captures chemical energy obtained from the breakdown of food molecules and releases it to fuel other cellular processes.
hope this helps you
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is the source of energy for use and storage at the cellular level. The structure of ATP is a nucleoside triphosphate, consisting of a nitrogenous base (adenine), a ribose sugar, and three serially bonded phosphate groups.
1. Soma's mother was spraying an insecticide on a cockroach. Soma opposed this while her mother wanted to kill it. Why doesn't Soma want her mother to kill the cockroach? Why did mother oppose Soma? Write the reason.
Answers
It seems Soma does not want her mother to kill the cockroach because she opposes killing insects unnecessarily, even if they are unpleasant pests. Some possible reasons Soma may have opposed killing the cockroach:
1. She believes in compassion for all living creatures, even insects. She thinks there are humane ways to get rid of cockroaches rather than killing them.
2. She thinks cockroaches have a right to life too, as long as they are not directly harming humans or threatening health and safety. Killing them as a first resort is unjustified.
3. She may think cockroaches serve some purpose in the ecosystem and food chain, so they should not be exterminated casually.
4. She could see the cockroach as a fellow living being deserving of mercy and a chance to live, rather than an automatic target for killing.
In contrast, the mother likely opposed Soma's view because:
1. She finds cockroaches disgusting and sees killing them as the only reasonable solution to get rid of an infestation.
2. She thinks Soma is being too compassionate towards useless vermin at the cost of hygiene and practicality.
3. She may see it as Soma being too sentimental or foolishly opposed to the only effective method of dealing with cockroaches.
4. There could be a difference in viewpoint and tolerance for insects between the generations. The mother's perspective may be more pragmatic while Soma's is more ethical.
Does this help explain the possible reasons for the difference in perspectives? Let me know if you need any clarification.
- Soma may be opposed to killing the cockroach because she believes in the ethical treatment of all living creatures, no matter how small or insignificant they may seem.
- Soma may be opposed to killing the cockroach because she believes that all creatures have a role to play in the ecosystem and that killing one could have unintended consequences.
- Soma may be opposed to killing the cockroach because she has a personal connection to it, perhaps having observed it over time or having anthropomorphized it in some way.
As for why Soma's mother wanted to kill the cockroach, there could also be many reasons. Here are a few possibilities:
- Soma's mother may have been afraid of the cockroach and wanted to eliminate it as a source of fear.
- Soma's mother may have been concerned about the potential health risks associated with having a cockroach in the house.
- Soma's mother may have simply viewed the cockroach as a pest that needed to be eliminated.
Without more information about the context and the characters involved, it's difficult to say for sure why they held their respective positions.
3. What two properties does the antiparallel arrangement of the two DNA
strands give to this molecule.
Answers
The antiparallel arrangement of the two DNA strands gives the molecule two important properties:
Complementary Base Pairing: The antiparallel arrangement of the two DNA strands allows for complementary base pairing between the nitrogenous bases (adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine) of the two strands. Specifically, adenine on one strand pairs with thymine on the other strand, and cytosine on one strand pairs with guanine on the other strand. This base pairing is essential for DNA replication and the maintenance of genetic information.
Stability: The antiparallel arrangement of the two DNA strands also gives the molecule stability. The sugar-phosphate backbones of the two strands run in opposite directions, with one strand running in the 5' to 3' direction and the other strand running in the 3' to 5' direction. This allows the hydrogen bonds between the base pairs to be held in a stable configuration, as they are oriented towards each other in a predictable way. Additionally, the stacking interactions between the nitrogenous bases of each strand further contribute to the stability of the DNA molecule.
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Have a Great Day!The table here shows information about four different populations of a flowering plant species. The relative population sizes, level of genetic variation, and presence of selective pressures are indicated in the table. Analyze the data and evaluate in which population is natural selection most likely to cause a shift in the alleles and phenotypes?
Responses
A II
B IIII
C IIIIII
D IV
Answers
You and I all have between 30 to
chemicals in our bodies that our grandparents didn't have.
Many of these chemicals are now linked to the skyrocketing incidents of chronic childhood disease that
we're seeing across industrialized nations.
O 150
O 1000
O 50,000
O 75
Answers
Answer:
The answer is not provided in the given text. It only mentions that we have between 30 to thousands of chemicals in our bodies that our grandparents didn't have and some of these chemicals are linked to chronic childhood diseases.
Explanation:
How do you think the speed at which the environment changes impacts a population's ability to successfully adapt to the changes? Give at least one example to support your response.
Answers
Answer:
Explanation:
Ah, the question of environmental change and its impact on populations - a topic that has fascinated thinkers and scientists for centuries. To put it simply, the speed at which the environment changes can greatly influence a population's ability to adapt to the changes.
Think about it like this: if a population is faced with a slow, gradual change in their environment, they may have more time to adapt and evolve to the new conditions. However, if the change happens rapidly and suddenly, the population may not have enough time to adjust and could face serious consequences.
For example, consider the case of the polar bear population in the Arctic. Due to climate change, the Arctic sea ice is melting at an alarming rate, which threatens the polar bear's ability to hunt and survive. If the melting happened gradually over time, the polar bears may have been able to adapt and find new food sources. However, the rapid pace of the melting ice means that the polar bears are struggling to keep up with the changes and are facing declining populations.
In short, the speed at which the environment changes can have a major impact on a population's ability to adapt and survive. It's a reminder of the delicate balance between human actions and the natural world, and the importance of taking steps to protect and preserve our planet for future generations.
How do the dynamics of the water cycle help to better understand the hydrosphere and its relationship to the lithosphere?
Answers
The constant circulation of water on, above, and below the Earth's surface is known as the water cycle. The transport of water between the atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere, and biosphere is the result of numerous physical, chemical, and biological processes. Understanding the dynamics of the water cycle can help us better grasp the intricate connections among the hydrosphere, lithosphere, and other spheres of the Earth's system.
A framework for studying and comprehending the intricate links between the hydrosphere, lithosphere, atmosphere, and biosphere as well as their impact on the development of the Earth's physical and biological processes is provided by the dynamics of the water cycle.
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I really need help with Biology 102 ASAP!!!! but it's due date: Apr 17, 2023 at 11:59 PM EDT
Questions 9 and 10
Answers
Answer:
Affects a person's ability to regulate glucose metabolism
Often develops in overweight or obese people
Explanation:
Select the correct answer.
Skin and nerve cells have different appearances and characteristics from each other, although they contain the same DNA. Why?
A.
The DNA in nerve cells undergoes mutations making them different from the DNA in skin cells.
B.
The genes in skin cells are transcribed but not translated as genes of nerve cells.
C.
The genes expressed in skin cells may not be expressed in nerve cells and vice versa.
Answers
Answer:
C
Explanation:
The genes expressed in skin cells may not be expressed in nerve cells and vice versa.
Although all cells in an organism contain the same DNA, the expression of genes varies between cell types. Different cells express different sets of genes depending on their function and location within the body. This differential gene expression leads to the development of specialized cells with distinct characteristics and functions. In the case of skin and nerve cells, they have different appearances and characteristics because they express different sets of genes, even though they contain the same DNA.
A cell undergoing meiosis has four pairs of homologous chromosomes. How many different combinations of maternal and paternal chromosomes are possible within the daughter cells that form? (Do not consider crossing over in your answer.)
2
4
8
16
Answers
Answer:
The correct answer is 16
Explanation:
During meiosis, homologous chromosomes, which are chromosome pairs that contain similar genetic information from both the mother and father, undergo segregation and independent assortment. This means that each daughter cell formed during meiosis receives one chromosome from each homologous pair, resulting in different combinations of maternal and paternal chromosomes.
Since there are four pairs of homologous chromosomes in this scenario, the number of possible combinations of maternal and paternal chromosomes can be calculated using the formula 2^n, where n is the number of homologous chromosome pairs. In this case, 2^4 equals 16, which means that there are 16 different combinations of maternal and paternal chromosomes possible in the daughter cells that form during meiosis.
Cross out the things that are not common to all living things.
Answers
Answer:
Photosynthesis - only certain organisms goes through the process
Cell Wall - missing in may animals, ussually found in pants or algae.
What is the role of resistance in an electrical circuit? Provide an
example to support your statement.
Answers
Answer:
The role of resistance in an electrical circuit is to regulate the flow of current, ensuring that it does not exceed safe levels. This is particularly important in devices such as resistors, which are specifically designed to provide a specified amount of resistance to current flow.
For example, consider a circuit consisting of a battery, a switch, a resistor, and a light bulb. When the switch is closed, current flows from the battery through the resistor, which limits the current flow to a safe level, before reaching the light bulb. The resistance of the resistor ensures that the light bulb does not receive too much current, which could cause it to burn out.
Resistance is also important in many other electrical devices, such as electric motors, heating elements, and electronic components. In each case, the resistance of the device helps to regulate the flow of current and ensure that it operates safely and efficiently.
Explanation:
I really need help with Biology 102 ASAP!!!! but it's due date: Apr 26, 2023 at 11:59 PM EDT
Question 4
Answers
Answer: 1. Pituitary hormones that act on other endocrine glands:
PRL (Prolactin)
ACTH (Adrenocorticotropic hormone)
FSH (Follicle-stimulating hormone) and LH (Luteinizing hormone)
TSH (Thyroid-stimulating hormone)
2. Pituitary hormones that act outside the endocrine system:
Oxytocin
GH (Growth hormone)
ADH (Antidiuretic hormone)
Explanation: hope it helps :)
Please help: Also the star mentioned has a luminosity of 10^3
Also options for part A
A: White Dwarf
B: Giant
C: Main sequence
D: Supergiant
which statement supports the answer from part A
A: The star is cool and bright compared to other stars
B: The star is hot and bright compared to other ones
C: The star is cool and dim compared to other stars
D: The star is hot and dim compared to other stars
Answers
A) According to the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram, the astronomer discovered a main sequence star, option (b) is correct.
B) The supporting statement for the answer in part A is "the star is cool and dim compared to other types of stars", option (c) is correct.
A) The astronomer discovered a star on the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram with a temperature of 3,750 K and a luminosity of 10³ [tex]L_{sun}[/tex]. We can see that the star falls in the lower right region of the diagram, which is the main sequence, option (b) is correct.
B) The temperature of the star is relatively low, only 3,750 K, compared to other types of stars such as supergiants or giants, which can have temperatures in excess of 10,000 K. The luminosity of the star is 10³ [tex]L_{sun}[/tex], which is relatively low compared to other types of stars. This indicates that the star is not as bright as other types of stars, which confirms that it is a cool and dim main sequence star, option (c) is correct.
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The complete question is:
This question has two parts. First, answer Part A. Then, answer Part B. A Hertzsprung-Russell diagram is shown. An astronomer discovers a star that has a temperature of 3,750 K and a luminosity of 10³ [tex]L_{sun}[/tex].
PART A: According to the diagram, which type of star did the astronomer discover?
a. White dwarf
b. Main sequence
c. Giant
d. Supergiant
PART B: Which statement supports the answer to Part A?
a. The star is cool and bright compared to other types of stars.
b. The star is hot and bright compared to other types of stars.
c. The star is cool and dim compared to other types of stars.
d. The star is hot and dim compared to other types of stars.
dna is made up of 4 _________ bases
Answers
Answer:
There are four nucleotides, or bases, in DNA: adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and thymine (T).
100 POINTS PLEASE HURRY THE FRIST RIGHT ANSWER WILL GET Brainliest.!!
In pea plants, the gene for the color of the seed has two alleles. In the Punnett square shown below, the dominant allele (Y) represents yellow, and the recessive allele (y) represents green.
Punnett Square showing a grid that is blank with 4 empty boxes, two columns and two rows. The female parent plant across the horizontal side, top, of the grid indicates a yellow phenotype and a genotype of Yy. The male parent plant along the vertical side of the grid indicates a yellow phenotype and a genotype of YY.
Based on the Punnett square, what percentage of offspring would have genotype YY?
(A) 0%
(B) 25%
(C) 50%
(D) 100%
By the way it is not (A) because I pick that one 2 times and it was wrong. SO, IF YOU PUT 0 %, I WILL REPORT YOU THANK YOU.
Answers
Answer: 50%
Explanation: This gives a generation with 50 percent having the fathers YY and the other 50% having Yy
This then means that the phenotype for all these offspring would be yellow all through
:
Sketch and explain how respiratory gasses are exchanged between the alveoli
and capillaries in the lungs.
Answers
Gas interchange occurs by simple diffusion between the air and the blood in alveoli, which are the smallest sac-shaped structures in the lungs surrounded by several capillaries.
What are alveoli?
Alveoli are small bags located at the end of bronchia in the lungs, where gas interchange involved in respiration occurs.
Alveoli are surrounded by several capillaries through which blood flows from the heart to the lungs and from the lungs to the heart.
Carbonated blood coming from the heart has a high CO₂ concentration. This gas is transported in the plasma. Oxygenated blood returning to the heart has a high O₂ concentration, gas transported within the red cells.
When carbonated blood reaches alveoli, it releases CO₂ and absorbs O₂. This gas interchange allows the organism to take oxygenated blood to the organs.
Gas interchange occurs by diffusion between blood and air. Oxygen molecules move from the air (the more concentrated side) to the blood (the less concentrated side), while carbon dioxide moves oppositely, from the blood (the more concentrated side) to the air (the less concentrated side).
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2 Quiz
How are micronutrients classified?
Answers
Answer:
micronutrituens are classified water soluble vitamin, fat, solublevitamin macromineral andtracemineral.
I really need help with Biology 102 ASAP!!!! but it's due date: Apr 26, 2023 at 11:59 PM EDT
Question 7 parts 1, 2 and 3
Answers
Answer:
Epinephrine ⇒ Fight-or-flight response
Norepinephrine ⇒ Stress response, repairs damaged tissues
Cortisol ⇒ ?
Cortisone ⇒ Relieve swelling and pain from inflammation
Aldosterone ⇒ Promotes renal absorption of sodium ions and and secretions of potassium ions
Adrenal Medula ⇒ Epinephrine and Norepinephrine
Adrenal Cortex ⇒ Cortisone, Aldosterone, Glucocorticoids and Mineralocorticoids
Hope this helps :)
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A diploid cell has four pairs of homologous chromosomes. Following meiosis, and assuming that crossing-over has not occurred, what is the probability of a daughter cell having only the maternal chromosomes from that initial cell?
1/16
1/8
1/4
This cannot happen.
Answers
The probability of a daughter cell having only the maternal chromosomes from that initial cell is 1/16
What is meiosis?In meiosis, the diploid cell undergoes two rounds of cell division, resulting in four haploid daughter cells.
During meiosis I, homologous chromosomes pair up and exchange genetic material through crossing-over. This means that it is unlikely for the daughter cell to have only the maternal chromosomes, as there is a high probability that at least one crossover event has occurred.
Since there are four pairs of homologous chromosomes, the probability of a daughter cell receiving only maternal chromosomes from all four pairs is:
1/2 x 1/2 x 1/2 x 1/2 = 1/16
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ou believe that the migration of a species of fish is innate. You raise the offspring of a pair of these fish with parental fish of another species that migrates by a different route. If the behavior is innate, you would expect:
Answers
Peahens prefer to mate with peacocks that have the brightest and largest tail displays. The peacock’s tail is a disadvantage to the males, because it is large and cumbersome and hinders them from escaping from predators. Given these facts, why isn’t the peacock’s tail selected against by natural selection?
Answers
The peacock's tail is not selected against by natural selection because the benefits of being chosen as a mate by a peahen outweigh the costs of the cumbersome tail.
Although the peacock's tail may be a disadvantage in terms of avoiding predators, it confers a significant advantage in terms of attracting mates. Peahens are more likely to choose males with bright and large tail displays, and therefore, males with such displays are more likely to reproduce and pass on their genes to the next generation.
This is an example of sexual selection, a type of natural selection that favors traits that increase an individual's chances of mating, even if those traits come with costs such as increased predation risk. Therefore, the benefits of being chosen as a mate by a peahen outweigh the costs of the cumbersome tail, and the tail is maintained in the population.
Furthermore, the tail may also signal the overall health and fitness of the male, which can also be advantageous to the peahen's offspring. As a result, the peacock's tail continues to evolve through sexual selection, even though it may have some costs in terms of survival.
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Fill out the mRNA molecule?
Answers
The corresponding protein sequence is, Methionine-Arginine-Methionine-Alanine-Threonine-Glycine-Threonine.
The given sequence of nucleotides represents a fragment of an mRNA molecule. Using the genetic code, we can translate the nucleotide sequence into a sequence of amino acids to determine the corresponding protein sequence.
The genetic code is a set of rules that specifies the correspondence between nucleotide triplets (codons) and amino acids. Each codon consists of three nucleotides, and there are 64 possible codons. Three of these codons are stop codons that signal the end of the protein sequence, while the remaining 61 codons code for the 20 different amino acids.
TAC -> Methionine (start codon)
CGG -> Arginine
ATG -> Methionine
GCT -> Alanine
ACT -> Threonine
GGT -> Glycine
ACT -> Threonine
Therefore, the corresponding protein sequence is:
Methionine-Arginine-Methionine-Alanine-Threonine-Glycine-Threonine
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Which 3 statements describes proteins?
Proteins are created from the code in DNA.
Proteins are synthesized in the nucleus of a cell.
DNA and RNA are proteins.
Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins.
Proteins affect the structures and functions of living things.
The shape and the function of a protein are not related.
Answers
Answer:
1,4,5
Explanation:
1,because proteins are synthesized by ribosomes which get the coded mRNA from the nucleus of the cell and these mRNA are also gets it's code from the cods on DNA molecule. so proteins are created from the coded in DNA.
4,proteins are build in cytoplasm by ribosomese because ribosomes accept the mRNA and then tRNA comes attached amino acid and translate the code in mRNA to protein molecule. so Amino acids are building blocks of protein.
5,proteins are almost the building block of every life. proteins affect the structure of life because all life cells are made from proteins. proteins also affect the functions of life because all the chemical reactions are controlled by enzymes which are proteins.
Which statement correctly describes the changes in the air as it moves
from Location R to Location T?
The sun heats the land faster than the ocean water, so high-density
air moves from the ocean to the land, becoming less dense.
The sun heats the land faster than the ocean water, so high-density
air moves from the land to the ocean, becoming less dense.
The sun heats the land slower than the ocean water, so high-density
air moves from the ocean to the land, becoming less dense.
The sun heats the land slower than the ocean water, so high-density
air moves from the land to the ocean, becoming less dense.