Viruses cannot be cultivated in artificial culture media because they have no metabolic system of their own and must replicate entirely within their host cell.
Briefing:
Since viruses require a living host to proliferate, they are challenging to cultivate in a lab. This is due to the fact that they reproduce, or make copies of, their own RNA or DNA to produce numerous additional identical viruses by using all of the host cell's DNA replication processes. We are unable to develop them in a lab because of this.
Since viruses are obligatory intracellular parasites that must replicate within a living cell in order to make more copies of themselves, cell culture is still essential to virology (i.e., to form progeny virions). Cell cultures are used to multiply both plant and animal cells.
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proper segregation of plasmids into daughter cells may incorporate which of the following strategies?
a. Random partitioning due to high copy number
b. Polymerization of a filament that binds to, and physically separates plasmids
c. Post-segregational killing via toxin / antitoxin system
Proper segregation of plasmids into daughter cells may incorporate which of the following strategies Polymerization of a filament that binds to, and physically separates plasmids.
A plasmid is a small, circular, double-stranded DNA molecule that is distinct from a cell's chromosomal DNA. Plasmids certainly exist in bacterial cells, and in addition they occur in a few eukaryotes. often, the genes carried in plasmids offer micro organism with genetic advantages, which includes antibiotic resistance.
A plasmid is a small circular DNA molecule determined in micro organism and some other microscopic organisms. Plasmids are physically separate from chromosomal DNA and mirror independently.
Plasmids are critical for bacterial evolution and variation to the changing environment, as they carry genes which bring beneficial trends for the bacterial cellular. exclusive kinds of plasmids can coexist in a single bacterial mobile.
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Which of the following best describes a supporting ecological service provided by wetlands?
a. Wetlands serve as a source of aesthetic inspiration for art and literature.
b. Wetlands provide opportunities for ecotourism, which provides revenue to the local economy.
c. Wetlands serve as a major reservoir for nitrogen in the nitrogen cycle.
d. Wetlands provide a habitat for a wide variety of organisms.
D. Wetlands provide a habitat for a wide variety of organisms.
Important purposes of wetlands are Water purification , protection from flood. Economic benefits to wetlands are Improved water quality, flood control, wildlife and fisheries habitat, and recreational opportunities .
Wet are very important source they are used to store water to supply during dry periods , helps in flood management, control soil erosion .They are also important for providing shelter to fishes and other water creature . They can be helpful for aquatic plants and animals. These valuable and diverse uses and functions are unique characteristics of wet lands.
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a virus has a mass of and an oil tanker has a mass of . use this information to answer the questions below. be sure your answers have the correct number of significant digits.
5.4 x 10^12 mg is the mass of 1 mole of viruses. 6 moles of viruses have a mass equal to the mass of an oil tanker.
a. The mass of one mole of the virus is calculated by multiplying the mass of a single virus by Avogadro's number
=6.022 x 10^23
mass = (9.0 x 10^-12 mg)(6.022 x 10^23)
= 5.42 x 10^12 mg
5.4 x 10^12 mg is the mass of 1 mole of viruses.
b. The number of moles of the virus that will have the same mass as the oil tanker is calculated by dividing the mass of the oil tanker by the mass of one mole of the virus. Note that doing division, both would have to have the same units.
n = (3.0 x 10^7 kg) / (5.4 x 10^12 mg)(1 g/1000 mg)(1 kg/1000 g)
n = 6
6 moles of viruses have a mass equal to the mass of an oil tanker.
The complete question is:
A virus has a mass of ×9.010−12mg and an oil tanker has a mass of ×3.0107kg. use this information to answer the questions below. be sure your answers have the correct number of significant digits. what is the mass of 1 mole of viruses? g how many moles of viruses have a mass equal to the mass of an oil tanker? ×10
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a research team used a culture of lymphocytes with radioactively labeled t nucleotides to study the cell cycle. they found that the lymphocytes incorporated the labeled nucleotide at a significantly higher rate after a pathogen was introduced into the culture. which of the following conclusions is most consistent with the results?
They concluded that infection causes lymphocytes to divide more rapidly.
A lymphocyte is a white blood cell type. Cells of the blood White blood cells (monocytes, lymphocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, and macrophages), red blood cells (erythrocytes), and platelets are all found in blood. The arteries and veins transport blood throughout the body. In adults, lymphocytosis is generally defined as a count of more than 3,000 lymphocytes per microliter of blood. The threshold for lymphocytosis in children varies with age. It can reach a maximum of 9,000 lymphocytes per microliter.
Vitamin C stimulates the production of B lymphocytes. Lymphocytes assist body's immune system in fighting cancer as well as foreign viruses and bacteria (antigens). Lymphocytes assist the immune system in remembering every antigen with which it comes into contact. Following an encounter, some lymphocytes transform into memory cells.
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the diagram shows a beaker of water and molecules of black dye at the beginning of an experiment (time 1) and the same beaker of water and molecules of black dye after 30 mins (time 2)
a. b. molecules of water moved by osmosis from a lower solute concentration to a higher solute concentration
b. a, molecules of black dye moved by diffusion from a lower solute concentration to a higher solute concentration
c. d, molecules of water moved by osmosis from a higher solute concentration to a lower solute concentration
d. a, molecules of black dye by diffusion from a higher solute concentration to a lower solute concentration
Answer: D
Explanation:
What is the relationship between the cell size and the cell nutrient absorption rate?
in order to identify a species by its scat, which of the following can be utilized to help identify it? Select all that apply
size of scat
smell of scat
texture of scat
color & shape of scat
Size, smell texture and color & shape of scat are all utilized to help identify species.
Protein and DNA analysis are the most commonly used methods for species identification, with protein characterization performed using immunological, electrophoretical, and chromatographic techniques. Historically, species identification has been based on morphological data and implemented in dichotomous identification keys. Specimens can also be identified through sequence similarity in taxonomically curated sequence databases, thanks to easy access to increasingly affordable DNA sequencing.
Species identification is critical in food authentication for a variety of reasons, including food safety, food selection, and religious practices. The presence of undeclared protein may have serious health consequences for people who are allergic to it.
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Crick and brenner performed a set of experiments with viral dna designed to determine the nature of the genetic code. What were their conclusions?.
The genetic code has no punctuation as well as the genetic code is read in increments of three nucleotides were the conclusions of Crick and benner.
With the use of straightforward genetic experiments, Francis Crick, Sydney Brenner, and two Cambridge colleagues showed that the genetic code was very probably built on groups of three nucleotides in a Nature paper that was published in the year 2000. A live cell's ability to convert the data stored in genetic material into proteins is governed by a set of principles known as the genetic code.
Numerous scientists initially questioned whether DNA and RNA actually conveyed the genetic code due to the relative simplicity of nucleic acids. Long before it was feasible to sequence nucleic acids, Crick and Brenner demonstrated using just the tools of genetics that the genetic code was almost certainly based on groups of three nucleotides.
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Dna sequence differences, metabolism, and cell structures viewed under the microscope are ways that scientists identify and classify ______ organisms.
DNA sequence differences, metabolism, and cell structures viewed under the microscope are ways that scientists identify and classify Prokaryotic organisms.
Prokaryotes are organisms whose cells lack a nucleus and other organelles. Prokaryotes are divided into two wonderful organizations: the microorganism and the archaea, which scientists believe have particular evolutionary lineages. maximum prokaryotes are small, unmarried-celled organisms that have a tremendously simple shape.
A prokaryote is an unmarried-celled organism that lacks a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles. The word prokaryote comes from the Greek and . within the two-empire gadget springing up from the paintings of Chatton, prokaryotes have been categorized within the empire Prokaryote.
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which of the following occurred first in the history of life? answer evolution of multicellular organisms evolution of eukaryotic organisms plants and fungi colonizing land the beginning of atmospheric accumulation of o2
The following which occurred first in the history of life is the beginning of atmospheric accumulation of O₂ and is denoted as option D.
What is Oxygen?This is referred to as a chemical element which has an atomic number of 8 and is also an important gas which is used during the respiration process kin organisms. Plants give off this gas as a product of photosynthesis thereby making it available.
For organisms to survive. there must be the atmospheric accumulation of oxygen gas which is why it occurred first around billions of years ago in the history of life.
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What term is given to the projections of gray matter toward the outer surface of the spinal cord?.
The gray matter in the spinal cord is shaped like a butterfly. The dorsal process is called the dorsal horn and the ventral process is called the ventral horn.
What is a dorsal horn?The dorsal horn of the spinal cord contains the first relays for afferent input from the skin, muscles, and internal organs of the body. The superficial dorsal horn contains at least some neurons that maintain selectivity for modalities encoded by primary afferent terminals. The intermediate processing center for this information is the dorsal horn, which consists of a complex network of excitatory, inhibitory, and projection neurons that transmit processed somatosensory information from the spinal cord to the brain.
At the back of the spinal cord, the central gray matter forms her two arms, each known as the dorsal horn. The dorsal horn consists of the cell bodies of sensory neurons. The front two arms of the spinal cord, located in the central gray matter, are called the anterior horns.
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organisms that use co2 as their source of carbon are called multiple choice organotrophs. heterotrophs. autotrophs. chemotrophs.
Organisms that convert inorganic carbon dioxide (CO2) into organic carbon compounds are autotrophs.
Autotrophic organisms derive this essential element from carbon dioxide.
Mostly, Autotrophs are responsible for capturing the carbon dioxide from the air and use them in making organic compounds such as glucose. On the other hand Heterotrophs, or the one who feeds on others for example humans, consume the organic molecules, and the organic carbon is passed through food chains and webs.
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what does the observation that the alu transposon is limited to this clade reveal about its origin and method of spread among species?
This remark indicates that the ALU element originated within the commonplace ancestor of that clade and changed into then exceeded vertically to descendent species.
An Alu element (or surely, “Alu”) is a transposable detail, additionally called a “jumping gene.” Transposable elements are rare sequences of DNA that can pass (or transpose) themselves to new positions inside the genome of a single mobile. ALU factors are about 300 bases long and are located all throughout the human genome.
ALU factors are a sort of "jumping gene," or transposable element (TE), that exists only in primates. like every TEs, they may be discrete DNA sequences that circulate, or "jump," from one location at the genome to some other, from time to time placing copies of themselves at once into the center of protein-coding genes.
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Under similar warm, moist climatic conditions, why would basalt and gabbro generally have higher chemical weathering rates than rhyolite and granite?.
Under similar warm, moist climatic conditions, basalt and gabbro generally have higher chemical weathering rates than rhyolite and granite because the ferromagnesian minerals in the gabbro and basalt are subject to oxidation and chemical breakdown.
Weathering is the process of breakdown of rocks and minerals due to the continuous contact with air, eater or some kind of biological agent. This process is the reason for the presence of several types of landforms on the Earth.
Ferromagnesian minerals are actually the silicate minerals that contain the cations of iron and magnesium. The examples of ferromagnesian minerals are: Olivine, Pyroxene, Amphibole, Biotite, etc.
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functions can be called from statements in the body of a loop and loops can be called from within the body of a function.
Answer: Functions can be called from statements in the body of a loop and loops can be called from within the body of a function. In a nested loop, the inner loop goes through all of its iterations for each iteration of the outer loop.
Explanation:
depressants are ________ of the gaba neurotransmitter, which has a quieting effect on the brain.
Depressants are agonists of the GABA neurotransmitter, which has a quieting effect on the brain.
Sedatives, tranquilizers, and hypnotics are examples of Central Nervous System (CNS) depressants. These medications have the ability to slow brain activity, making them useful for treating anxiety, panic attacks, acute stress reactions, and sleep disorders. Arousal and stimulation are reduced by depressant substances. They have an effect on the central nervous system, slowing messages between the brain and the body.
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is an amino acid that serves as the central nervous system's primary inhibitory neurotransmitter. It works by inhibiting nerve transmission to reduce neuronal excitability. It slows down your brain by blocking specific central nervous system signals. GABA is known to have a calming effect.
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Suppoed the two thermometer on a ling pychrometer how almot identical reading. Wa the pychrometer more likely ued at a beach or in a deert in California? Explain you anwer
On a beach in Florida, the psychrometer was employed. A measurement device composed of a wet bulb thermometer is called a sling psychrometer.
Which thermometer is the most precise?The most accurate approach to check body temp is with a digital thermometer. There are numerous varieties, many of which have multiple functions, including oral, rectal, & forehead variants. Following your choice of thermometer type, you can consider design, ancillary features, and cost.
What are some thermometer uses?An device that measures temperature is a thermometer. It is able to gauge the temperature of solids like food, liquids like water, and gases like air. Celsius, Fahrenheit, & kelvin are the three most popular temperature measuring units.
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explain transformation of force
Answer:
THE TRANSFORMATION OF FORCE FROM A SYSTEM (S) WHERE A PARTICLE IS MOVING AT A SPEED (V) TO ANY SYSTEM (S) WHOCH IS MOVING RELATIVE SYSTEM. I HOPE THIS IS HELPFUL.
If a test sample burns completely in a calorimetry experiment, it has reached A. partial degradation. C. complete degradation. B. reversible degradation. D. measurable degradation.
If a test sample burns completely in a calorimetry experiment, it has reached: C. complete degradation.
What is a calorimeter?A calorimeter can be defined as a scientific instrument or device that is designed and developed for taking the measurement of the quantity of heat involved in chemical reactions or other heat-related processes, especially by taking the measurement of the temperature of the materials surrounding the process.
In Chemistry, complete degradation is a terminology which is used by scientists and researchers to describe a test sample that burns completely in a calorimetry experiment such as the burning of water (H₂O).
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which of the following conditions is more common in women than in men
a. The internal pH of the lysosomes will decrease, which will prevent the activation of hydrolytic enzymes and interfere with the intracellular digestion of food
b. The internal pH of the lysosomes will increase, which will prevent the activation of hydrolytic enzymes and interfere with the intracellular digestion of food.
c. The internal pH of the lysosomes will decrease, which will activate hydrolytic enzymes and enhance the intracellular digestion of food.
d. The internal pH of the lysosomes will increase, which will activate hydrolytic enzymes and enhance the intracellular digestion of food.
Cystitis conditions is more common in women than in men.
The medical name for bladder inflammation is cystitis (sis-TIE-tis). An area of your body that is swollen and heated is said to be inflamed. It could also hurt.
The majority of the time, cystitis results from a bacterial infection. UTI is the medical term for this (UTI). A bladder infection can be uncomfortable and unpleasant. If the infection spreads to your kidneys, it might develop into a significant health issue.
Additionally, several medications or radiation treatments might cause cystitis. Cystitis can also be brought on by things that occasionally irritate the bladder, such as feminine products, spermicide jelly, or prolonged catheter use. Cystitis can also develop as a side effect of another condition.
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The polymerase chain reaction can only be used to amplify genes that have already been cloned and sequenced. Why is this true?.
This is True as the primers for the gene must first be obtained in order to abundantly segment a gene using PCR.
Genomic DNA (gDNA), complementary DNA (cDNA), and plasmid DNA are only a few examples of the types of DNA sources that may be used as PCR templates for replication. However, the DNA's structure or complexity influences the ideal input levels for PCR amplification. The sample is heated in order to cause the DNA to denature, or separate into two pieces of single-stranded DNA before the PCR is used to amplify a section of DNA.
Then, using the first two strands of DNA as templates, an enzyme called "Taq polymerase" creates or constructs two new strands of DNA. Instead of amplifying DNA using PCR, this method creates circles by cloning a collection of DNA fragments onto a retroviral vector.
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Though dolphins are more closely related to humans than they are to sharks, dolphins and sharks have both evolved bodies adapted to an aquatic environment. This is an example of.
Sharks and dolphins both have evolved bodies that are adapted to a water habitats, despite the fact that dolphins are more similar to humans than sharks are.
Why are people called humans, exactly?
The word "human" first appears in writing in the middle of the 13th century and derives from the Middle French humain, which means "of or belonging to man." That word itself derives from the Latin word humanus, which is supposed to be a cross between the words for "man" and "earth" (homo and humus). In contrast to birds, planes, and even celestial spirits, a human.
How does the Humans TV series end?
Niska makes the decision to go against her own, so Fred and the synths go without them. As her old owners leave to go home, Mia bids the Hawkins an emotional farewell. Once Karen has left, Pete meets her and they unwillingly depart together. Niska is shown in the closing scene reading one copy of the file while riding a train.
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Sharks and dolphins both have evolved bodies that are adapted to a water habitats, despite the fact that dolphins are more similar to humans than sharks are.
Why are people called humans, exactly?
The word "human" first appears in writing in the middle of the 13th century and derives from the Middle French humain, which means "of or belonging to man." That word itself derives from the Latin word humanus, which is supposed to be a cross between the words for "man" and "earth" (homo and humus). In contrast to birds, planes, and even celestial spirits, a human.
How does the Humans TV series end?
Niska makes the decision to go against her own, so Fred and the synths go without them. As her old owners leave to go home, Mia bids the Hawkins an emotional farewell. Once Karen has left, Pete meets her and they unwillingly depart together. Niska is shown in the closing scene reading one copy of the file while riding a train.
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A cell with 18 chromosomes undergoes mitosis. How many daughter cells are created? [a] each daughter cell has [b] chromosomes.
When a cell with prior 18 chromosomes undergoes mitosis, it has 2 daughter cells with 18 chromosomes later.
Mitosis is one of the two types of cell division in which the cell which undergoes this process is divided into two daughter cells which in turn have the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell.
Here, we had one parent cell which means that after mitosis it is going to be divided into two daughter cells. The parent cell has 18 chromosomes at first and since this is the process of mitosis, the daughter cells are going to have 18 chromosomes each after undergoing mitosis as well.
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Giant tube worms living near vents on the ocean floor do not have a functioning intestine. Instead they have a modified gut full of bacteria that provide the worms with carbohydrates. What is the energy that the bacteria use to make the carbohydrates?.
The energy that bacteria use to make carbohydrates by consuming small bacteria that, through a process known as chemosynthesis, obtain all of their energy from the substances in the water, because of the dark hue of the material that these hydrothermal vents emit, they are also referred to as "black smokers."
Prior to the discovery of odd hydrothermal vents by scientists examining the deep Pacific Ocean floor, the enormous tube worm, also known as Riftia pachyptila, was completely unknown to science. These vents circulate water that seeps down through fractures or faults in the rock and is heated by volcanic activity. The water that comes out of the vent is incredibly chemical and mineral-rich. Scientists were startled to see entire ecosystems of species surviving near these vents because this deadly soup of chemicals would be fatal to the majority of animals.
These critters were prospering in total darkness despite the water's temperature being close to boiling. Because they do not rely on sunlight for energy, the species that dwell close to these vents are distinct from all other living beings on earth. Instead, the several smaller species of tube worms that live in shallower waters are closely linked to the big tube worms.
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which of the following antimicrobial medications inhibit nucleic acid synthesis in bacteria?check all that applyrifamycinsrifamycinsmetronidazolemetronidazolechloramphenicolchloramphenicolpolymyxin bpolymyxin bfluoroquinolonesfluoroquinolones
Rifamycins, sulfamides, and diaminopyridines are the Antimicrobial medications.
What are antimicrobial medications?Antibiotics, antivirals, antifungals, and antiparasitics are medications used to prevent and treat infections in people, animals, and plants. Penicillin, for instance, is produced by a variety of fungi in the genus Penicillium, and vancomycin is produced by a bacterium known as Amycolatopsis orientalis; as a result, both are true antibiotics, in contrast to ciprofloxacin and linezolid, which are synthetic compounds and are therefore technically antimicrobials.
Using antibiotics, bacterial illnesses are treated. Beta-lactams, macrolides, quinolones, tetracyclines, or aminoglycosides are the general categories under which antibiotics fall.
To treat infections brought on by gram-negative rods, most notably Pseudomonas species, gentamicin and tobramycin are most frequently used and the main medications. The aminoglycosides are usually bactericidal antibiotics, despite the fact that most bacteriostatic drugs that block protein synthesis are bacteriostatic.
The strongest antibiotic is called vancomycin 3.0.created to date. Meningitis caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, endocarditis, joint infections, bloodstream infections, and skin infections are among the problems it is used to treat.
Rifamycins, sulfamides, and diaminopyridines are a few antimicrobials that work by preventing the synthesis of nucleic acids, altering their structure (quinolones, coumarins), or inflicting irreversible damages (nitroimidazoles, nitrofurans)
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in bacteria, a partially diploid strain may result from . . . choose one or more:a.acquisition of an f' factor.b.natural transformation (not electroporation).c.acquisition of f factor.
In bacteria, a partially diploid strain may result from acquiring an F' factor and specialized transduction.
Specialized transduction and the acquisition of an F' factor lead to the emergence of a partly diploid strain in bacteria. Due to this, some of the bacteria's genetic components can exist in duplication (2 copies) (Chromosomes). One of those copies can be discovered on the bacteria's chromosome, while the other copy can be found in its plasmid.
Merodiploids are bacteria that have been found to have the partial diploid strain.
A genetic mechanism called specialized transduction allows genes to be transferred between bacteria. The F factor is also a plasmid that encourages bacteria to conjugate with one another and exchange genetic material.
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The rate at which a specific allele for red flower color appears within a population is known as its.
The rate at which a specific allele for red flower color appears within a population is known as its allele frequency .
Phenotype frequency: what is it?Phenotype is the term used to describe how DNA manifests physically. The phenotypic ratio only describes the physical traits, or phenotypes, that are present in a population. The term "genotype" broadly refers to an organism's genetic make-up, or, to put it another way, the entire collection of its genes. The phrase can also be used more specifically to describe to a gene's alleles, or variant versions, that an organism carries.
The frequency of a particular allele in a population is known as the allele frequency (or gene frequency). The term "evolution" in population genetics refers to a shift in an allele's frequency within a population.
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GIVING BRAINLIST + THIS QUESTION WORTH 50 POINTS
Students in Mr. Smith's science class were taking random samples throughout the schoolyard for population analysis. One easy-to-locate organism that they counted was the earthworm, Lumbricus terrestris. Their data is displayed above. Several students were concerned about the count in plot C, as it was much lower than the other plots. Sandra suggested that they recount, but this time, count the earthworms over an extended period of time. Sam commented that it would skew the results in the other direction. He added that this was a random sample, and plot C was in sandy soil near the parking lot. What comment would you make concerning the students experimental design? Q: A: A) I would omit plot C from the data and consider it as an error. B) I agree with Sandra and count the earthworms in plot C over an extended period of time. C) I agree with Sam. The plot selection was random and earthworms do not typically live in sandy, dry soil. D) I would omit the idea of random selection of plots and purposely select plots I thought would be typical of earthworm habitats. Hint Regular Calc Scientific Calc
Answer:
i will comment (c) because what he said there was kinda right because Earth worms can't be found in dry soil
How have human impacted the ecosystem?
Answer:
Humans have impacted the ecosystem greater than any other organism on earth. Human life has done tremendous amount of damage. Humans have caused air pollution threw cars, buses/automobiles. The use of powerplants and production line seriously effects the eco system to a greater extent. I u have heard u leave a carbon footprint wherever you go which leaves a big impact on the ecoystem.
Explanation:
what makes agglutination by antibodies possible?
Answer:
The presence of agglutinins is what makes agglutination by antibodies possible.
Explanation:
The unique binding characteristics of antibodies and their ability to cross-link antigens enable agglutination by antibodies.
The immune system reacts to the presence of foreign substances known as antigens by producing Y-shaped proteins called antibodies. Agglutination occurs when antibodies recognize and bind to multiple antigens present on the surface of cells or particles. Because each antibody molecule has two antigen-binding sites, it can bind to two different antigens at once. This binding leads to the deposition or aggregation of cells or particles, which form cross-links between the antigens.
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