Answer: the factors that increase cardiac output include:
--> Nervous stimulation and
--> Hypertrophy of the heart.
Explanation:
Cardiac output can be defined as the quantity of blood pumped into the aorta each minute by the heart. This is also the quantity of blood that flows through the circulation. There are factors that can cause increased cardiac output or that can lead to a hypereffective heart. They are:
--> NERVOUS STIMULATION: The combination of sympathetic stimulation and parasympathetic inhibition does two things to increase the pumping effectiveness or cardiac output of the heart. These include:
• it greatly increase the heart rate from the normal level of 72 beats/mum up to 180 to 200 beats /mom.
• it increases the strength of heart contraction, which is called increased contractility to twice it's normal strength.
--> HYPERTROPHY OF THE HEART: A long term increased workload, but not so much excess load that it damages the heart, causes the heart muscle to increase in mass and contractile strength in the same way that heavy exercise causes skeletal muscles to hypertrophy. This effect of increased muscle mass of the heart, allows the heart to pump much greater than usual amounts of cardiac output.
which factor contributes to climate change the most
Name 3 stages of cell division, and give a brief description of what happens in each stage? please help I really need some help with this much appreciated
Answer:
Prophase
- Mitosis begins with prophase, during which chromosomes recruit condensin and begin to undergo a condensation process
Metaphase
- Next, chromosomes assume their most compacted state during metaphase, when the centromeres of all the cell's chromosomes line up at the equator of the spindle
Anaphase
- The progression of cells from metaphase into anaphase is marked by the abrupt separation of sister chromatids. Two separate classes of movements occur during anaphase. During the first part of anaphase, the kinetochore microtubules shorten, and the chromosomes move toward the spindle poles. During the second part of anaphase, the spindle poles separate as the non-kinetochore microtubules move past each other
Answer:
the 3 stages are: Interphase, Mitosis, Cytokinesis
Explanation:
Interphase is the phase of the cell cycle in which a typical cell spends most of its life. Interphase is the 'daily living' or metabolic phase of the cell, in which the cell obtains nutrients and metabolizes them, grows, replicates its DNA in preparation for mitosis, and conducts other "normal" cell functions.
Mitosis: a type of cell division that results in two daughter cells each having the same number and kind of chromosomes as the parent nucleus, typical of ordinary tissue growth.
Cytokinesis: The cytoplasmic division of a cell at the end of mitosis or meiosis, bringing about the separation into two daughter cells.
Unicellular organisms are able to survive on their own because they have structures that have what important characteristic?
Answer:
A unicellular organisms depends upon its one cell for all the functions and survival of the organism. It has all the important characteristics that is necessary for its survival.
Explanation:
A unicellular organism is one which contains only one cell. And so all the life processes occurs in that one particular cell in an unicellular organism. A n unicellular organism is also called as the single cell organism.
The unicellular organisms uses cilia as well as the flagella to achieve locomotion by creating currents around and move about places. The take up nutrients by diffusion process. They reproduce asexually and produce their offspring.
List 2 organisms that are NOT plants that have the ability to do photosynthesis.
Answer:
- The Green Sea Slug
- Pea Aphids
At a specific area of a chromosome, the sequence of nucleotides below is present where the chain opens to form a replication fork: 3' C CTA G G C T G C AAT C C 5 ' An RNA primer is formed starting at the underlined T (T) of the template. Which of the following represents the primer sequence? 1) 5′GCCTAGG3′ 2) 3′GCCTAGG5′ 3) 5′ACGTTAGG3′< !--[if gte mso 9]> 4) 5′ACGUUAGG3′ 5) 5′GCCUAGG3′
The primer sequence would be 3) 5′ACGUUAGG3′.
The RNA primer is formed on the 3' to 5' template strand because the polymerase adds nucleotides to the 3' end of the RNA primer and builds the new strand in a 5' to 3' direction. The DNA strand is antiparallel, meaning the 5' end of one strand is opposite the 3' end of the complementary strand. Therefore, the DNA strand that the RNA primer attaches to must be read in the opposite direction.The primer sequence for the given DNA strand 3' C CTA G G C T G C AAT C C 5 ' would be 5′ACGUUAGG3′. The other options are not correct : 5′GCCTAGG3′ is the complementary sequence for the DNA sequence on the template strand. 3′GCCTAGG5′ is the same sequence as the DNA sequence on the template strand but written in the opposite direction.5′ACGTTAGG3′ is formed if the primer starts at the second T instead of the first T. 5′GCCUAGG3′ is the same sequence as the DNA sequence on the template strand but written in the opposite direction.
Hence, at a specific area of a chromosome, the sequence of nucleotides below is present where the chain opens to form a replication fork : 3' C CTA G G C T G C AAT C C 5 ' An RNA primer is formed starting at the underlined T (T) of the template. The primer sequence would be 3) 5′ACGUUAGG3′.
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Many cellular processes are performed by cells. A typical cell and a common process are shown in the diagram below.
Which of the following is the best reason this cell is going through the process shown?
to reproduce another cell
to compete with another cell
to maintain homeostasis of the cell
to provide protection for the cell from the environment
are shown in the diagram below.
Mitigation Cost of Solar Cell Phone Charger 0.0/10.0 puntos (calificado) In an upcoming section of the course we'll look carefully at rooftop and industrial solar PV. For now, let's look at the mitigation cost of using a small, portable solar charger, something commonly reviewed on tech websites. In general, energy system technologies become more cost-effective with scale, so we can guess these might be expensive mitigation options, but they do have some advantages over larger systems, like not requiring installation costs or staff to clean and maintain them. The cheapest chargers Daniel could find were $10 at the time of this writing. They would take around 5 hours to charge a typical 11 Watt-hour smartphone battery under bright sunlight. Part 1: What is the levelized cost of electricity from this system, if it's used to charge an 11 Wh battery every day of the year? Use a modest individual capital charge factor of 0.15; you may neglect all costs other than the $10 purchase price. $/kWh Part 2: What is the mitigation cost for Daniel to use this sytem instead of using grid electricity? Assume grid electricity costs $0.20/kWh, with 0.5 kg CO₂e emitted per kWh. Answer in dollars per ton of CO2. Enviar $/tCO2 Ha realizado 0 de 10 intentos Guardar Reiniciar calculadora Notas Oculta
The mitigation cost for Daniel to use this system instead of using grid electricity is $656 per ton of CO2.
Part 1: The given data is
Initial Cost,
I = $10
Individual capital charge factor,
i = 0.15
Annual usage of 11 Watt-hour smartphone battery = 365 / 5 = 73
We can calculate the lifetime of the solar cell phone charger,
n = 1 / 365 = 0.00274 years
Levelized Cost of electricity, L = I × i × (1 + i)n/((1 + i)n - 1)
Put the given data, we get,
L = 10 × 0.15 × (1 + 0.15)-0.00274 / ((1 + 0.15)-0.00274 - 1)
= $0.048/kWh
Therefore, the levelized cost of electricity from this system is $0.048/kWh.
Part 2: The given data is
The cost of grid electricity,
G = $0.20/kWh
The CO2 emissions per kWh of grid electricity,
E = 0.5 kg CO₂e per kWh
Let's calculate the cost of electricity from the solar cell phone charger,
ES = L × 11 WhES = 0.048 × 11 Wh
= $0.528
Now we can calculate the mitigation cost.
Mitigation Cost = (ES – G) × (1000 / E)
Put the values, we get
Mitigation Cost = (0.528 – 0.2) × (1000 / 0.5)= $656
Therefore, the mitigation cost for Daniel to use this system instead of using grid electricity is $656 per ton of CO2.
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amino acids can be synthesized by reductive amination.
draw the structure of the organic compound that you would use to synthesize valine.
• You do not have to consider stereochemistry. • Draw the molecule with ionizable groups in their uncharged form. • In cases where there is more than one answer, just draw one.
Alanine can be synthesized by reductive amination of pyruvaldehyde with ammonia, amino acids or an amine in the presence of a reducing agent.
To blend alanine by reductive amination, we would begin with an aldehyde or ketone forerunner and respond it with smelling salts or an amine within the sight of a lessening specialist, for example, sodium cyanoborohydride. For this situation, we will utilize the aldehyde antecedent, pyruvaldehyde.
The design of pyruvaldehyde is as per the following:
O
||
HC=CHC=O
To incorporate alanine, we would respond pyruvaldehyde with smelling salts or an amine and lessen it utilizing a diminishing specialist. The subsequent compound would be:
O
||
HC=CH[tex]CH_{2}[/tex][tex]NH_{2}[/tex]
This construction addresses alanine, an amino corrosive with a side chain comprising of a methyl bunch (-[tex]CH_{3}[/tex]) joined to the alpha carbon.
Continuing on toward the subsequent part, the peptide CF would comprise of the amino corrosive cysteine (Cys) trailed by phenylalanine (Phe) in the peptide succession. The design of the peptide CF would be:
H
| |
[tex]NH_{2}[/tex] C-[tex]CH_{2}[/tex] S-[tex]CH_{2}[/tex]-[tex]C_{6} H_{5}[/tex]
|
OH
This construction addresses the peptide CF, where Cys is associated with Phe through a peptide bond. The side chains of cysteine and phenylalanine are likewise shown, with cysteine containing a thiol bunch (-SH) and phenylalanine having a phenyl bunch (-[tex]C_{6} H_{5}[/tex]). The peptide bond is shaped between the carboxyl gathering (-COOH) of Cys and the amino gathering (-[tex]NH_{2}[/tex]) of Phe.
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The complete question is:
Amino acids can be synthesized by reductive amination. Draw the structure of the organic compound that you would use to synthesize alanine. • You do not have to consider stereochemistry. • Draw the molecule with ionizable groups in their uncharged form. • In cases where there is more than one answer, just draw one. Draw the structure for the peptide CF. • You do not have to consider stereochemistry. • You do not have to explicitly draw H atoms. • Do not include lone pairs in your answer. They will not be considered in the grading. • Draw acidic and basic groups in their predominant forms at pH 7.
describe the steps to regeneration of nerve fibers:
The process for regeneration of nerve fibers include formation, extension, guidance, synaptogenesis, recovery.
The following are involved in the regeneration of nerve fibers:
1: The formation of the growth cone- The leading edge of a growing axon during neuronal development or regeneration is called the growth cone. The growth cone has the ability to sense its surrounding environment, as well as a motile structure, allowing it to move in response to environmental cues.
2: Extension of Axon- Once the growth cone has been formed, the axon can start extending through it. The growth cone moves by a series of cyclic steps that involve extension, attachment, and retraction, all of which are under the control of various molecules.
3: Directional Guidance- Once the growth cone is extended, the nerve fiber should now be guided to its target area. Growth cones are guided in different directions by a variety of guidance cues, such as cell adhesion molecules, neurotrophic factors, and semaphorins.
4: Synaptogenesis - When the nerve fiber reaches its destination, it will need to make contact with other cells, which will be accomplished via synapse formation. Synaptogenesis allows neurons to communicate with each other, and it is a critical component of nervous system function.
5: Functional Recovery- The final phase is functional recovery, where the axon reestablishes its connection with the target cell and resumes the function it was intended to carry out before being damaged.
Regeneration of nerve fibers is a complex process that depends on numerous factors, including the location of the injury, the nature of the injury, the age of the patient, and various other factors. It's also worth noting that, in some cases, nerve regeneration may not be possible at all.
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ECOTOXICOLOGY
8. With clear examples give a detailed explanation why alteration of microenvironment can lead toxic effects 9. Discuss the conditions under apoptosis can occur, but necrosis cannot occur
The microenvironment is the environment surrounding a cell. It includes the extracellular matrix, the other cells in the tissue, and the nutrients and oxygen available to the cell.
How does alteration of microenvironment lead to toxic effects?One way is by disrupting the cell's ability to maintain homeostasis. Homeostasis is the ability of the cell to maintain a stable internal environment despite changes in the external environment. When the microenvironment is altered, the cell may be unable to maintain homeostasis, leading to damage or death.
Another way that alteration of the microenvironment can lead to toxic effects is by activating stress pathways. Stress pathways are pathways that are activated in response to environmental stressors. When these pathways are activated, they can lead to cell damage or death.
Apoptosis can occur under a number of conditions, including:
DNA damage. When DNA is damaged, the cell may undergo apoptosis to prevent the damage from spreading to other cells.Hormonal signals. Some hormones can trigger apoptosis, such as the hormone that signals the death of cells in the lining of the uterus during menstruation.Growth factor deprivation. When cells are deprived of growth factors, they may undergo apoptosis.Cell-to-cell signaling. Cells can send signals to each other that trigger apoptosis.Necrosis can occur when cells are exposed to:
Toxins. Toxins can damage cells, leading to necrosis.Injury. Physical injury, such as a cut or a burn, can damage cells, leading to necrosis.Ischemia. Ischemia is a lack of blood flow to a tissue. This can damage cells, leading to necrosis.Find out more on toxic effects here: https://brainly.com/question/1235358
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Can someone help me with this one question please
Which group of fungus convert sugar to alcohol
Answer:
yeast
Explanation:
yeast are another group of fungi important for both food and beverage fermentation the process that converts sugars into alcohol and carbon dioxide
true/false. the sirt3 protien has been reported to increase the growth of certain types of cancer cells. reserachers studying the metabolism and development of stomach cancer cells ivestigatef
True. The SIRT3 protein has indeed been reported to increase the growth of certain types of cancer cells. Researchers studying the metabolism and development of stomach cancer cells have investigated the role of SIRT3 in cancer progression.
SIRT3 is a member of the sirtuin family of proteins, which are involved in regulating cellular processes such as metabolism, DNA repair, and cell survival. SIRT3, specifically, is found predominantly in mitochondria and is known for its role in regulating cellular energy metabolism. In the context of cancer, studies have shown that elevated levels of SIRT3 can promote the growth and survival of cancer cells. It has been implicated in various types of cancer, including stomach cancer. Researchers have investigated the molecular mechanisms by which SIRT3 promotes cancer cell growth, including its involvement in metabolic reprogramming and resistance to cell death. By understanding the role of SIRT3 in cancer development, researchers hope to identify potential therapeutic targets and develop strategies to inhibit its activity. This could potentially lead to the development of novel treatments for cancers, including stomach cancer, that are dependent on SIRT3-mediated pathways for their growth and survival.
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6. What is one main human activity that causes smog, acid rain, and con-
tributes to global warming?
the main human activity is air pollution
What can you infer about tsunamis from their Japanese name
☁️ Answer ☁️
1. Harbor, They do a lot of damage to harbors.
2. "Tsunamis (as their Japanese name Òharbor waveÓ implies) often reflect back and forth within a harbor, sort of Òsloshing around,Ó like waves in a bathtub. Therefore, perhaps the vertical ÒsquigglesÓ are crests & troughs associated with this tsunami reflection within the harbor."
Hope it helps.
Have a nice day noona/hyung.
Which of the following molecular models represents an element?
A 52-year-old woman has difficulty initiating voluntary movements. She can clearly state what she intends to do, describe exactly how she would do it, and picture herself doing it easily. When she is able to begin the motion, she can complete it smoothly and accurately, but she has difficulty beginning the motion. If the difficulty arises from a defect in one particular area of the nervous system, which area is most likely to be involved
Answer:
Basal Ganglia
Explanation:
The Basal ganglia function is to regulate the voluntary movements or autonomic movement. This is done by receiving and transmission of impulses. Impulses are received for upcoming movement from the cerebral cortex and then process and adjust from where it is convey to the thalamus which then relays this information back to the cortex. The well defined movement instruction is finally sent to the skeletal muscles through the tracts of the pyramidal motor system. It also function in planning and modulation of movement, memory and eye movement.
There are five types of basal ganglia corpus striatum, claustrum, amygdala, substantia nigra and subthalamic sails which all function together.
Where there is a lack of prostatic fluid, all of the following chemicals are decreased in the semen except
A. Alpha-glucosidase
B. Zinc
C. Citrate
D. Acid phosphatase
Where there is a lack of prostatic fluid, all of the following chemicals are decreased in the semen except D, acid phosphatase.
This is due to the fact that prostatic fluid accounts for around 30% of semen volume and has an acid pH of 6.5 to 7. This is because acid phosphatase is generated by both the prostate gland and the epididymis and is secreted by the prostate gland in semen.Acids phosphatase has its optimum activity at pH 5.5, so it is a marker for prostate gland function.
It is essential in the diagnosis and evaluation of prostate cancer, as well as determining the stage and management of the illness. It is also utilized to distinguish between seminal and non-seminal stains in forensic medicine. In summary, the answer to the question is D, acid phosphatase, is not chemicals that decreased in the semen where there is a lack of prostatic fluid.
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explain the effects on anaerobic respiration on plants and animals
Answer:
Anaerobic respiration in plants produces ethanol (C2H5OH) whose accumulation may kill the plant, whereas in animals anaerobic respiration produces lactic acid (CH3CH(OH)COOH) that however cannot cause death of animal but lead to minor muscle cramps, but they can be cured with hot water bath or a massage.
organize at least seven of your body's cell processes that require energy
Answer:
search up the question and you find lots of accurate results
Energy is required for a variety of vital biological and cellular functions, including ATP hydrolysis. These include active transport, Purinergic signaling, synaptic signaling, intracellular signaling, DNA and RNA synthesis, and muscular contraction.
What do you understand by cell ?
The fundamental units of all living things are cells. There are many billions of cells in a human body. They provide the body structure, absorb nutrients from meals, turn those nutrients into energy, and perform certain tasks.
Adenosine triphosphate molecules directly provide the energy needed for cellular functions (ATP). One adenosine molecule and three phosphate groups, or Pi for short, make up ATP. The chemical energy that is stored in each ATP molecule is not very large. By dissolving ATP into adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and a phosphate group, this energy may be released.
The energy process include active transport, Purinergic signaling, synaptic signaling, intracellular signaling, DNA and RNA synthesis, and muscular contraction.
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When rotating a fischer projection, if you hold one substituent constant and rotate around the other 3 the stereochemistry will be:_________
When rotating a Fischer projection, if you hold one substituent constant and rotate around the other three, the stereochemistry will be inverted.
Fischer projection is a structural formula that helps in representing three-dimensional molecules on a planar surface. It is useful for visualizing enantiomers. The rotation of Fischer projection causes the inversion of the stereochemistry of the molecule that leads to the interchanging of the groups present on each side of the molecule.
This can be demonstrated with the following example: Let's say that we have a molecule with 4 substituents on a carbon atom. In Fischer projection, it would look like the following: Let's rotate the molecule 90 degrees to the left without interchanging the position of the substituents.
The result will be as follows: Now if we compare the two structures, we can see that the molecule is inverted. Therefore, if we hold one substituent constant and rotate around the other three, the stereochemistry will be inverted.
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How many sugar phospha te backbones are in one strand of DNA?
Answer: Two
Explanation: In double-stranded DNA, the molecular double-helix shape is formed by two linear sugar-phosphate backbones that run opposite each other and twist together in a helical shape. The sugar-phosphate backbone is negatively charged and hydrophilic, which allows the DNA backbone to form bonds with water.
A dam is built that stops water from being able to flow out of a bog. What is
the most likely effect of this change?
A. The bog will have more oxygen.
B. The bog will have more photosynthesis.
C. The bog will grow more plants.
D. The bog will become less productive.
Answer: the bog will become less productive
Explanation:
Answer:
D. The bog will become less productive.
Explanation:
I got this answer correct in the ape x 3.1.2 quiz in late May 2021. Good luck copying my answer! (It's right.)
Which is NOT an example of a natural environmental change?
A. a beaver dam
B. a hurricane
C. a volcanic eruption
D. a housing development
(Plz answer quick)
what is one cause for the 21,000 protein encoding sequences in the human genome producing between 200,000 and 1 million different proteins?
One reason why the 21,000 protein encoding genes in the human genome can produce between 200,000 and 1 million different proteins is due to alternative splicing.
The 21,000 protein-encoding genes present in the human genome have the potential to generate between 200,000 and 1 million different proteins, despite the fact that the number of protein-encoding genes is significantly less than the number of proteins produced. Alternative splicing is one mechanism that contributes to the generation of a large number of proteins from a limited number of genes.
Alternative splicing is a process that allows for the creation of multiple different proteins from a single gene. This process occurs when different regions of a gene's RNA molecule are spliced together in different ways, resulting in different protein isoforms. This splicing process may occur in different ways, allowing for a high level of diversity in the resulting proteins.
The generation of different protein isoforms through alternative splicing is made possible by the fact that the human genome contains a large number of regulatory elements that influence gene expression and splicing patterns. Additionally, environmental factors can also contribute to the generation of different protein isoforms by altering the expression of genes or by modifying the splicing process.
Therefore, one reason why the 21,000 protein encoding genes in the human genome can produce between 200,000 and 1 million different proteins is due to alternative splicing.
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When digested food is absorbed into the blood vessels, it is carried to the rest of the body by the
lymph
white blood cells
lungs
plasma
blood
Which part of the female reproductive system is highlighted below?
A. Fallopian tube
B. Ovary
C. Uterus
D. Cervix
Answer:
It's B Ovary
Explanation:
sorry if im wrong
Answer:
ovary because it is an reproductive system in highlighted below
Question 6 12 pts Match the following regions of the world or mountain ranges with the corresponding mountain building process that is active today in that area. Appalachians [Choose ] Volcanic activity continued uplift due to Isostacy Crustal tensional stress and normal faulting Collision between two continental plates Cascades Basin and Range [Choose ] Alps [ Choose ]
Appalachians: Crustal tensional stress and normal faulting
Basin and Range: Crustal tensional stress and normal faulting
Alps: Collision between two continental plates
Explanation to the above given short answers are written below,
The Appalachian Mountains are primarily the result of crustal tensional stress and normal faulting. This mountain range was formed through the rifting and subsequent separation of the North American and African plates, leading to the formation of a divergent boundary.
The tensional stress caused the crust to stretch and fracture, resulting in normal faulting and the uplift of the Appalachian Mountains.
The Basin and Range region is characterized by crustal tensional stress and normal faulting as well. It is located in the western United States and is the result of ongoing extensional forces that have caused the crust to stretch and create a series of mountain ranges and valleys.
This region is known for its fault-block mountains and elongated basins.
The Alps, on the other hand, were formed by the collision between two continental plates: the Eurasian Plate and the African Plate. This collision resulted in intense compression and folding of the Earth's crust, leading to the uplift of the Alps.
The process of convergence between the two plates continues today, causing ongoing mountain building and uplift in the region.
It's important to note that volcanic activity and continued uplift due to isostasy are not associated with the Appalachians, Basin and Range, or the Alps. Volcanic activity is more commonly associated with other mountain ranges such as the Andes or the Cascade Range.
Isostasy refers to the balance of buoyancy between Earth's lithosphere and asthenosphere and does not directly relate to ongoing mountain building processes.
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3. Which type(s) of cells have genetic material that is contained in a nucleus?
A. bacterial
B. plants only
C. animals only
D. both plant and animal cells
Answer:
D. Both plant and animal cells
Explanation:
The explanation is that animal and plant cells are eukaryotic cells which means they have a nucleus which contains and protects the genetic material. Bacteria is a prokaryotic cell which means it does have genetic material but doesn't have a nucleus.
which of the following is amphiprotic? select the correct answer below: hs− h3po4 po3−4 cn−
Out of the given options b.[tex]h2po4[/tex] is an amphiprotic
Amphiprotic entities are molecules or ions that, depending on the situation, can either give or take a proton. A material that can take and give a proton (H+ ion) is said to be amphiprotic. The dihydrogen phosphate ion, or [tex]h2po4-[/tex], is one of the available possibilities and is amphiprotic because it has the ability to function as both an acid and a base.
The phosphate ion ([tex]po3-4[/tex]) can be created when the dihydrogen phosphate ion contributes a proton. It serves as a basis in this instance. Phosphoric acid ([tex]h3po4[/tex]) can be created when the dihydrogen phosphate ion takes a proton. It serves as an acid in this situation.
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Complete Question:
which of the following is amphiprotic? select the correct answer below:
a. hs−
b. h2po4
c. po3−
d. 4 cn−