Cellular Respiration is a metabolic process in which mitochondria and cytoplasm work together during Glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain. The reactants of these metabolic processes include Oxygen, Water, and the products include pyruvate (in glycolysis), ATP, Carbon Dioxide, NADH and FADH₂ (high energy electron carriers).
What is the process of cellular respiration?The process of cellular respiration is a group of metabolic pathways that generates ATP in aerobic conditions, i.e. in the presence of oxygen which acts as an electron acceptor during the electron transport chain.
The processes of cellular respiration include:
GlycolysisThe Krebs cycleThe electron transport chainTherefore, with this data, we can see that Glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain are part of the cellular respiration processes and they work together to generate energy in the form pf ATP.
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Which of the following is an effect of opsonization?
A) increased adherence of phagocytes to microorganisms
B) increased margination of phagocytes
C) increased diapedesis of phagocytes
D) inflammation
E) cytolysis
Opsonization has the effect of increasing the phagocytes' adhesion to bacteria.
What is example of opsonization?Examples of opsonization include antibody molecules like the IgM, which can activate the complement system to make antigens more phagocytic-susceptible. Opsonization can enhance antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity in addition to phagocytosis.
What is opsonization and why is it important?Opsonization is a crucial step in innate immunity that prepared particles or complexes for easy absorption by phagocytic cells. Particle coated with particular serum proteins, called ensuring a high level, adhere ardently to phagocytic cells that induce ingestion.
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what does the observation that the alu transposon is limited to this clade reveal about its origin and method of spread among species?
This remark indicates that the ALU element originated within the commonplace ancestor of that clade and changed into then exceeded vertically to descendent species.
An Alu element (or surely, “Alu”) is a transposable detail, additionally called a “jumping gene.” Transposable elements are rare sequences of DNA that can pass (or transpose) themselves to new positions inside the genome of a single mobile. ALU factors are about 300 bases long and are located all throughout the human genome.
ALU factors are a sort of "jumping gene," or transposable element (TE), that exists only in primates. like every TEs, they may be discrete DNA sequences that circulate, or "jump," from one location at the genome to some other, from time to time placing copies of themselves at once into the center of protein-coding genes.
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What is the relationship between the cell size and the cell nutrient absorption rate?
the brain scans of people with amnesia are most likely to show damage to the responses hippocampus hippocampus hypothalamus hypothalamus medulla medulla reticular formation reticular formation cerebellum
The brain scans of people with amnesia are most likely to show damage to the hippocampus.
What is amnesia?Amnesia is the loss of memories, including details, knowledge, and experiences. Although losing your identity is a frequent plot technique in movies and television, this isn't usually the case when someone has amnesia in real life. Instead, those who have amnesia, also known as amnestic syndrome, typically are aware of who they are.
What do you understand by hippocampus?In the brains of humans and other vertebrates, the hippocampus plays a significant role. Hippocampi are located on each side of the brain in mammals like humans. The hippocampus is a component of the limbic system and is crucial for spatial memory, which is necessary for navigation, and for transferring information from short-term to long-term memory. In both humans and primates, the hippocampus is found in the allocortex and projects neuronal fibres into the neocortex. All vertebrates have the hippocampus, which is the medial pallium. The dentate gyrus and the hippocampus proper, also known as Ammon's horn, are its two primary interconnecting components in humans.
Thus from above conclusion we can say that the brain scans of people with amnesia are most likely to show damage to the hippocampus.
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Dna sequence differences, metabolism, and cell structures viewed under the microscope are ways that scientists identify and classify ______ organisms.
DNA sequence differences, metabolism, and cell structures viewed under the microscope are ways that scientists identify and classify Prokaryotic organisms.
Prokaryotes are organisms whose cells lack a nucleus and other organelles. Prokaryotes are divided into two wonderful organizations: the microorganism and the archaea, which scientists believe have particular evolutionary lineages. maximum prokaryotes are small, unmarried-celled organisms that have a tremendously simple shape.
A prokaryote is an unmarried-celled organism that lacks a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles. The word prokaryote comes from the Greek and . within the two-empire gadget springing up from the paintings of Chatton, prokaryotes have been categorized within the empire Prokaryote.
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which part of the brain influences the autonomic and hormonal responses via connections with the hypothalamus?
Paraventricular nucleus influences the autonomic and hormonal responses via connections with the hypothalamus.
Paraventricular nucleus is the nucleus present in the hypothalamus. It is considered as one of the three zones of the hypothalamus. It is also responsible for the secretion of the hormone called oxytocin apart from regulating autonomic responses. The nucleus is actually a collection of several nuclei joined together with one motor output system.
Autonomic responses are the functions that are carried out on their own without our consciousness. These responses are digestion, pumping of heart, breathing, etc. The appearance of goosebumps is also an autonomic response.
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which of the following antimicrobial medications inhibit nucleic acid synthesis in bacteria?check all that applyrifamycinsrifamycinsmetronidazolemetronidazolechloramphenicolchloramphenicolpolymyxin bpolymyxin bfluoroquinolonesfluoroquinolones
Rifamycins, sulfamides, and diaminopyridines are the Antimicrobial medications.
What are antimicrobial medications?Antibiotics, antivirals, antifungals, and antiparasitics are medications used to prevent and treat infections in people, animals, and plants. Penicillin, for instance, is produced by a variety of fungi in the genus Penicillium, and vancomycin is produced by a bacterium known as Amycolatopsis orientalis; as a result, both are true antibiotics, in contrast to ciprofloxacin and linezolid, which are synthetic compounds and are therefore technically antimicrobials.
Using antibiotics, bacterial illnesses are treated. Beta-lactams, macrolides, quinolones, tetracyclines, or aminoglycosides are the general categories under which antibiotics fall.
To treat infections brought on by gram-negative rods, most notably Pseudomonas species, gentamicin and tobramycin are most frequently used and the main medications. The aminoglycosides are usually bactericidal antibiotics, despite the fact that most bacteriostatic drugs that block protein synthesis are bacteriostatic.
The strongest antibiotic is called vancomycin 3.0.created to date. Meningitis caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, endocarditis, joint infections, bloodstream infections, and skin infections are among the problems it is used to treat.
Rifamycins, sulfamides, and diaminopyridines are a few antimicrobials that work by preventing the synthesis of nucleic acids, altering their structure (quinolones, coumarins), or inflicting irreversible damages (nitroimidazoles, nitrofurans)
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What structure in an interphase eukaryotic cell is the site of ribosomal rna transcription?.
cave art by early humans recognized the existence of the major signs of inflammation. the most inclusive set of symptoms of inflammation that might appear in such early human art is?
a. antibody-producing cells.
b. swelling and pain only.
c. swelling, heat, redness, and pain.
d. pain and whitening of the surrounding tissue.
Those are the main symptoms of information that might appear in such early human art. so the correct option is C swelling, heat, redness, and pain.
Blood flow is enhanced, which results in redness and heat. The increased flow of fluid and white blood cells into the damaged area causes swelling. Pain is brought on by the release of chemicals and the compression of nerves in the injured area. White blood cells in your body release substances during inflammation to defend your body from foreign intruders. As a result, the area of injury or illness receives increased blood flow. Warmth and redness may result from it. Some of the chemicals lead to swelling in your tissues by causing fluid to flow into them.
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in order to identify a species by its scat, which of the following can be utilized to help identify it? Select all that apply
size of scat
smell of scat
texture of scat
color & shape of scat
Size, smell texture and color & shape of scat are all utilized to help identify species.
Protein and DNA analysis are the most commonly used methods for species identification, with protein characterization performed using immunological, electrophoretical, and chromatographic techniques. Historically, species identification has been based on morphological data and implemented in dichotomous identification keys. Specimens can also be identified through sequence similarity in taxonomically curated sequence databases, thanks to easy access to increasingly affordable DNA sequencing.
Species identification is critical in food authentication for a variety of reasons, including food safety, food selection, and religious practices. The presence of undeclared protein may have serious health consequences for people who are allergic to it.
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Molecules that are too large to be moved across a cell membrane can be removed from the cell by?.
Exocytosis is the removal of molecules from the cell that are too big to pass through the cell membrane.
What are cell membranes and what do they do?Every organism seems to have a cell membrane, commonly referred as a cellular membranes, which separates the world inside the cell from of the environment outside.A semipermeable lipid bilayer makes up the cell membrane.Materials were moved across into tissues under the regulation of the cell membrane.
What are the cell membrane's three primary roles?Three main purposes of biological membranes are as follows: They have two functions: (1) they prevent hazardous chemicals from entering the cell; and (2) they have receptors and pathways that permit the passage of particular molecules, including ions, nutrients, waste, and metabolic products that mediate various cellular activities.
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If you do a really tough workout, you may begin to breathe hard and think that you have run out of energy. You will sometimes experience a burning sensation in your muscles. What are you really running out of when you think that you are running out of energy? Explain the process that your body is going through when you experience the “burn”.
The burning sensation during heavy exercise is due to the formation of lactic acid in muscles
Importance of heavy workout:
Although a rigorous workout is believed to be good for the body, why do muscles hurt so much afterwards? After a vigorous workout, the burning in the muscles can last for up to 72 hours. As the body adapts to the new physical demands placed on it, it grows muscle as part of the process. For muscles to be sufficiently challenged to promote growth, the body needs to be stimulated with a certain level of difficulty. The burning you experience is a necessary component of muscle development.Heavy exercise good or bad?
When you are tuned in, you will be able to sense when something is off with your body since it has innate wisdom. Although exercise might become intense, it should never be painful. Even though you will likely feel worn out and sore after working out, you will still be able to move about without agonizing discomfort.In contrast, your range of motion and capacity to carry out typical daily tasks will be significantly altered when the body experiences pain following an injury. This suggests that there might be a problem. When this happens, it is advisable to see a specialist who can fully evaluate you. Fractures can be found using X-rays, while soft tissue injuries can be found using ultrasound or MRI examinations.Hence this burning sensation is due to the formation of byproduct of anaerobic respiration i.e., lactic acid.
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a young child who suffers from a metabolic disease is always tired and fatigued. which of the following organelles is most likely malfunctioning in this disease?
The child with metabolic disease being always tired and fatigued may have the malfunctioning cell organelle (D) mitochondria.
Metabolic diseases are the diseases that disturb the normal metabolism of the body where the food is broken down to convert into energy. The disease generally has various different symptoms altogether. These symptoms are: increased blood pressure, high blood sugar, excess body fat, etc.
Mitochondria is the double membranous cell organelle involved in the synthesis of energy in the form of ATP. The inner membrane of the mitochondria is folded into multiple cristae that increases the surface area and contains the machinery for ATP synthesis.
The given question is incomplete, the complete question is:
A young child who suffers from a metabolic disease is always tired and fatigued. Which of the following organelles is most likely malfunctioning in this disease?
(A) lysosomes (B) Golgi apparatus (C) ribosomes (D) mitochondria
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in the ascending limb of the loop of henle, urea is concentrated within the loop because:
In the ascending limb of the loop of Henle, unary system is concentrated within the loop because: the ascending limb pumps electrolytes into the interstitial fluid.
The unary system reabsorbed will increase the medullary awareness of the solute, that's essential for the reabsorption of water from the skinny inner medullary part of the descending limb of the loop of Henle. here, there's no osmotic gradient to purpose water motion inside the diluting kidney.
In popular, unary system movements along its concentration gradient, that means that it passively diffuses from areas of excessive to low awareness. in the initial filtrate, its awareness is same to that inside the blood, so before everything, there is no awareness gradient and there's a hundred% of the urea filtered still in the tubule.
Urea managing alongside the Nephron. Urea is filtered across the glomerulus and enters the proximal tubule. The concentration of urea within the ultrafiltrate is just like plasma, so the amount of urea coming into the proximal tubule is controlled via the GFR. In preferred, 30%–50% of the filtered load of urea is excreted.
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A brown-eyed man whose mother was blue-eyed married a brown-eyed woman whose
father had blue eyes. Assume brown to be dominant over blue. What is the probability
that the couple will have a blue-eyed child?
What substance is the usable source of the energy that a cell uses for the synthesis of materials?.
The substance that is the usable source of the energy that a cell uses for the synthesis of materials is ATP.
The chemical substance that toils as the currency of energy in a cell is adenosine triphosphate (ATP). ATP is attributed to as currency because it can be used to make chemical reactions happen. The more energy needed for a chemical reaction, the more ATP molecules must be spent.
Normally, all forms of life use ATP, a closely universal molecule of energy transfer. The energy freed during catabolic reactions is stored in ATP molecules. In addition, the energy restricted in anabolic reactions (such as photosynthesis) is trapped in ATP molecules.
The adenosine triphosphate enzyme fulfills the breakdown of an ATP molecule.
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a virus has a mass of and an oil tanker has a mass of . use this information to answer the questions below. be sure your answers have the correct number of significant digits.
5.4 x 10^12 mg is the mass of 1 mole of viruses. 6 moles of viruses have a mass equal to the mass of an oil tanker.
a. The mass of one mole of the virus is calculated by multiplying the mass of a single virus by Avogadro's number
=6.022 x 10^23
mass = (9.0 x 10^-12 mg)(6.022 x 10^23)
= 5.42 x 10^12 mg
5.4 x 10^12 mg is the mass of 1 mole of viruses.
b. The number of moles of the virus that will have the same mass as the oil tanker is calculated by dividing the mass of the oil tanker by the mass of one mole of the virus. Note that doing division, both would have to have the same units.
n = (3.0 x 10^7 kg) / (5.4 x 10^12 mg)(1 g/1000 mg)(1 kg/1000 g)
n = 6
6 moles of viruses have a mass equal to the mass of an oil tanker.
The complete question is:
A virus has a mass of ×9.010−12mg and an oil tanker has a mass of ×3.0107kg. use this information to answer the questions below. be sure your answers have the correct number of significant digits. what is the mass of 1 mole of viruses? g how many moles of viruses have a mass equal to the mass of an oil tanker? ×10
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GIVING BRAINLIST + THIS QUESTION WORTH 50 POINTS
Students in Mr. Smith's science class were taking random samples throughout the schoolyard for population analysis. One easy-to-locate organism that they counted was the earthworm, Lumbricus terrestris. Their data is displayed above. Several students were concerned about the count in plot C, as it was much lower than the other plots. Sandra suggested that they recount, but this time, count the earthworms over an extended period of time. Sam commented that it would skew the results in the other direction. He added that this was a random sample, and plot C was in sandy soil near the parking lot. What comment would you make concerning the students experimental design? Q: A: A) I would omit plot C from the data and consider it as an error. B) I agree with Sandra and count the earthworms in plot C over an extended period of time. C) I agree with Sam. The plot selection was random and earthworms do not typically live in sandy, dry soil. D) I would omit the idea of random selection of plots and purposely select plots I thought would be typical of earthworm habitats. Hint Regular Calc Scientific Calc
Answer:
i will comment (c) because what he said there was kinda right because Earth worms can't be found in dry soil
Those who examine external forces on behavior take the side of ________, while those who focus on internal factors take the side of ________.
Those who examine external forces on behavior take the side of ____situationism____, while those who focus on internal factors take the side of ___dispositionism____.
What affects our behavior?Situationism is the idea that our actions and actions are determined by our surroundings and environment. Dispositionism, by contrast, believes that our behavior is determined by internal factors. Internal factors are attributes of a person and include personality traits and dispositions.
For example, a dispositionist may explain bankruptcy as the result of an individual's laziness and/or imprudence, primarily self-harm. Situationists, by contrast, believe that bankruptcy is often caused by more complex external circumstances, such as medical and other expenses due to divorce or unforeseen illness.
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which of the following occurred first in the history of life? answer evolution of multicellular organisms evolution of eukaryotic organisms plants and fungi colonizing land the beginning of atmospheric accumulation of o2
The following which occurred first in the history of life is the beginning of atmospheric accumulation of O₂ and is denoted as option D.
What is Oxygen?This is referred to as a chemical element which has an atomic number of 8 and is also an important gas which is used during the respiration process kin organisms. Plants give off this gas as a product of photosynthesis thereby making it available.
For organisms to survive. there must be the atmospheric accumulation of oxygen gas which is why it occurred first around billions of years ago in the history of life.
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Suppoed the two thermometer on a ling pychrometer how almot identical reading. Wa the pychrometer more likely ued at a beach or in a deert in California? Explain you anwer
On a beach in Florida, the psychrometer was employed. A measurement device composed of a wet bulb thermometer is called a sling psychrometer.
Which thermometer is the most precise?The most accurate approach to check body temp is with a digital thermometer. There are numerous varieties, many of which have multiple functions, including oral, rectal, & forehead variants. Following your choice of thermometer type, you can consider design, ancillary features, and cost.
What are some thermometer uses?An device that measures temperature is a thermometer. It is able to gauge the temperature of solids like food, liquids like water, and gases like air. Celsius, Fahrenheit, & kelvin are the three most popular temperature measuring units.
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If a test sample burns completely in a calorimetry experiment, it has reached A. partial degradation. C. complete degradation. B. reversible degradation. D. measurable degradation.
If a test sample burns completely in a calorimetry experiment, it has reached: C. complete degradation.
What is a calorimeter?A calorimeter can be defined as a scientific instrument or device that is designed and developed for taking the measurement of the quantity of heat involved in chemical reactions or other heat-related processes, especially by taking the measurement of the temperature of the materials surrounding the process.
In Chemistry, complete degradation is a terminology which is used by scientists and researchers to describe a test sample that burns completely in a calorimetry experiment such as the burning of water (H₂O).
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Which of the following best describes a supporting ecological service provided by wetlands?
a. Wetlands serve as a source of aesthetic inspiration for art and literature.
b. Wetlands provide opportunities for ecotourism, which provides revenue to the local economy.
c. Wetlands serve as a major reservoir for nitrogen in the nitrogen cycle.
d. Wetlands provide a habitat for a wide variety of organisms.
D. Wetlands provide a habitat for a wide variety of organisms.
Important purposes of wetlands are Water purification , protection from flood. Economic benefits to wetlands are Improved water quality, flood control, wildlife and fisheries habitat, and recreational opportunities .
Wet are very important source they are used to store water to supply during dry periods , helps in flood management, control soil erosion .They are also important for providing shelter to fishes and other water creature . They can be helpful for aquatic plants and animals. These valuable and diverse uses and functions are unique characteristics of wet lands.
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proper segregation of plasmids into daughter cells may incorporate which of the following strategies?
a. Random partitioning due to high copy number
b. Polymerization of a filament that binds to, and physically separates plasmids
c. Post-segregational killing via toxin / antitoxin system
Proper segregation of plasmids into daughter cells may incorporate which of the following strategies Polymerization of a filament that binds to, and physically separates plasmids.
A plasmid is a small, circular, double-stranded DNA molecule that is distinct from a cell's chromosomal DNA. Plasmids certainly exist in bacterial cells, and in addition they occur in a few eukaryotes. often, the genes carried in plasmids offer micro organism with genetic advantages, which includes antibiotic resistance.
A plasmid is a small circular DNA molecule determined in micro organism and some other microscopic organisms. Plasmids are physically separate from chromosomal DNA and mirror independently.
Plasmids are critical for bacterial evolution and variation to the changing environment, as they carry genes which bring beneficial trends for the bacterial cellular. exclusive kinds of plasmids can coexist in a single bacterial mobile.
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Under similar warm, moist climatic conditions, why would basalt and gabbro generally have higher chemical weathering rates than rhyolite and granite?.
Under similar warm, moist climatic conditions, basalt and gabbro generally have higher chemical weathering rates than rhyolite and granite because the ferromagnesian minerals in the gabbro and basalt are subject to oxidation and chemical breakdown.
Weathering is the process of breakdown of rocks and minerals due to the continuous contact with air, eater or some kind of biological agent. This process is the reason for the presence of several types of landforms on the Earth.
Ferromagnesian minerals are actually the silicate minerals that contain the cations of iron and magnesium. The examples of ferromagnesian minerals are: Olivine, Pyroxene, Amphibole, Biotite, etc.
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explain the connection between dna, rna, proteins, and traits and describe how transcription and translation
RNA is produced using the DNA code. The polypeptide chain of a protein is built using RNA as a template. Thus, RNA follows DNA, which follows proteins.
How do DNA and RNA replication and translation connect to one another?According to the Central Dogma of Molecular Biology, proteins are made from DNA rather than RNA. Transcription and translation are the processes by which DNA is converted into RNA and used to make proteins, respectively.
What happens when transcription occurs to DNA and RNA?A single-stranded RNA molecule is created during transcription from a piece of the double-stranded DNA template. In some instances, the RNA molecule itself performs a crucial task for the cell.
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what makes agglutination by antibodies possible?
Answer:
The presence of agglutinins is what makes agglutination by antibodies possible.
Explanation:
The unique binding characteristics of antibodies and their ability to cross-link antigens enable agglutination by antibodies.
The immune system reacts to the presence of foreign substances known as antigens by producing Y-shaped proteins called antibodies. Agglutination occurs when antibodies recognize and bind to multiple antigens present on the surface of cells or particles. Because each antibody molecule has two antigen-binding sites, it can bind to two different antigens at once. This binding leads to the deposition or aggregation of cells or particles, which form cross-links between the antigens.
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During photosynthesis, the energy used to pump protons comes from ___________, whereas in cellular respiration it comes from _____________.
During photosynthesis, the energy used to pump protons comes from light, whereas in cellular respiration it comes from NADH/FADH2.
What is the difference between photosynthesis and respiration?Photosynthesis is carried out by plants, algae, and some bacteria, while cellular respiration is carried out by all living things. Photosynthesis converts light energy into potential energy, whereas respiration converts potential energy into kinetic energy.Photosynthesis converts carbon dioxide and water into oxygen and glucose. Glucose is used as food by plants and oxygen is a by-product.Cellular respiration converts oxygen and glucose into water and carbon dioxide. Water and carbon dioxide are by-products and ATP is the energy converted from the process.
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If a biopolymer molecule is attracted to the partial charges found on the water molecule, the biopolymer is:
If a biopolymer molecule is attracted to the partial charges found on the water molecule, the biopolymer is Polar.
Biopolymers are organic materials made by the cells of living things. Biopolymers, like other polymers, are made up of monomeric units that are linked together through covalent bonds to form larger molecules. Polynucleotides, polypeptides, and polysaccharides are the three main classes of biopolymers, which are categorized based on the monomers used and the structure of the biopolymer formed. Long polymers of nucleotides, such as RNA and DNA, are known as nucleotides. Proteins and shorter polymers of amino acids are examples of polypeptides; collagen, actin, and fibrin are a few well-known ones. Starch, cellulose, and alginate are a few examples of polysaccharides, which are long or branched chains of sugar carbohydrates. Other examples of biopolymers include natural rubbers (polymers of isoprene), suberin and lignin (complex polyphenolic polymers), cutin and cutan (complex polymers of long-chain fatty acids) and melanin.To know more about biopolymers check the below link:
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Crick and brenner performed a set of experiments with viral dna designed to determine the nature of the genetic code. What were their conclusions?.
The genetic code has no punctuation as well as the genetic code is read in increments of three nucleotides were the conclusions of Crick and benner.
With the use of straightforward genetic experiments, Francis Crick, Sydney Brenner, and two Cambridge colleagues showed that the genetic code was very probably built on groups of three nucleotides in a Nature paper that was published in the year 2000. A live cell's ability to convert the data stored in genetic material into proteins is governed by a set of principles known as the genetic code.
Numerous scientists initially questioned whether DNA and RNA actually conveyed the genetic code due to the relative simplicity of nucleic acids. Long before it was feasible to sequence nucleic acids, Crick and Brenner demonstrated using just the tools of genetics that the genetic code was almost certainly based on groups of three nucleotides.
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