calculate the rf value for a spot in a chromatography experiment if the solvent moved 14.2 cm and the spot moved 9.9 cm from the origin.

Answer:

The three isomers of trans-1, 2-dichlorocyclobutane are as follows: The stereoisomers are those compound which differs in configuration. The stereoisomer of trans-1, 2-dichlorocyclobutane is cis-1, 2-dichlorocyclobutane.

And at the end we will calculate enthalpy by expressing it from the following equation:ΔmixH=ΔmixG+TΔmixS=−3.43⋅103J+(298K)(11.5JK−1)=−3.43⋅103J+3.43⋅103J=0J/mol Δmix​H​=Δmix​G+TΔmix S=−3.43⋅103J+(298K)(11.5JK−1)=−3.43⋅103J+3.43⋅103J=0J/mol​

ΔG is Gibbs free energy change. For an ideal solution. ΔHmix=0. ΔG<0 i.e., negative. ΔG=ΔH−TΔS.

The molar enthalpy HA+ B of a mixture of A + B can be obtained by combining the molar excess enthalpy H E with the molar enthalpies H A and HB of its pure components: HA + B = XA HA + XB HB + H E, (1) where x denotes mole fraction.

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The Lewis structure for chloramine is N-H-H | | Cl.

What is chloramine?
Chloramines are ammonia and organic amine derivatives in which one or even more N-H bonds have been changed to N-Cl bonds. The classes of compounds that are taken into consideration are organic and inorganic chloramines. The three substances that make up inorganic chloramines are monochloramine (NH2Cl), dichloramine (NHCl2), as well as nitrogen trichloride (NCl3). The importance of monochloramine as a water disinfectant is considerable. The NCl functional group is joined to the an organic substituent in organic chloramines. N-Chloromorpholine, N-Chloropiperidine, as well as N-Chloroquinuclidinium Chloride are a few examples.

The nitrogen atom has 5 valence electrons and is represented by an uppercase N. The two hydrogen atoms each have 1 valence electron and are represented by an uppercase H. The chlorine atom has 7 valence electrons and is represented by a lowercase Cl. The nitrogen atom is connected to the two hydrogen atoms by single bonds (represented by a dash). The chlorine atom is connected to the nitrogen atom by a single bond (represented by a dash). There are two lone pairs of electrons (represented by two solid dots) around the nitrogen atom.

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The concentrations of pyruvate, NADH and intermembrane H⁺ if glycolysis stopped working is the pyruvate will decreases , the NADH will decreases and the intermembrane H⁺  will also decreases.

The glycolysis is the ,metabolic process steps in the cellular respiration. the glucose will convert to the pyruvate molecules in the presence of the oxygen and will convert in to the lactate in the absence of the oxygen. The production of the pyruvate , NADH and the intermembrane depends on the glycolysis . so when the glycolysis will stopped working all the three will decrease.

Thus, the pyruvate, NADH and intermembrane H⁺ decrease when the glycolysis stop working.

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Answer:

the pressure of the gas in torr is 2280 torr

Explanation:

The pressure of a gas in torr can be calculated by converting its pressure in kPa to atmospheres and then converting the atmospheric pressure to torr.

One atmosphere is equal to 101.325 kPa. Therefore, the pressure of the gas in atmospheres is 305 kPa / 101.325 kPa/atm = 3.00 atm.

One torr is equal to 1/760 of an atmosphere. Therefore, the pressure of the gas in torr is 3.00 atm * 760 torr/atm = 2280 torr.

Therefore, the pressure of the gas in torr is 2280 torr

Answer: 42.14 g

Explanation:      calcium nitrate -  [tex]Ca(NO_{3} )_{2}[/tex]

                   , the molar mass of calcium nitrate = 164 g

                   mass required =[tex]0.257*164[/tex]

                                               =[tex]42.14[/tex] g

D. Scrubbing

In this process, the emissions pass through a scrubber, which uses a chemical reagent to bind to and remove the pollutants from the exhaust gases. This reduces the amount of sulfur dioxide present in the exhaust gases before they are released into the atmosphere.

If you have any additional questions or need further assistance, please let me know.

Balanced molecular equation and a net ionic equation for precipitation reaction with example is as follows:

Molecular equation

Hg₂(NO₃)₂ (aq) + KI(aq) ⇒Hg₂I₂(s) + 2KNO₃(aq)

Total Ionic equation

Hg²⁺(aq) + 2NO³⁻(aq) + 2K⁺aq) ⇒Hg₂I₂(s) + 2K⁺(aq) + NO³⁻ (aq)

Net Ionic equation

Hg²⁺(aq) + 2I⁻(aq)  ⇒ Hg₂I₂(s)

The only reference to a chemical equation is a balanced equation. Any ionic substances or acids are represented in a molecular equation as neutral compounds using their chemical formulae. The state of each substance is listed in parenthesis after the formula. In contrast to a net ionic equation, which only shows the chemical species participating in a reaction, a complete ionic equation also includes the spectator ions.

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Answer:

Explanation:

Nitrogen-15: 7electrons, 7protons, 8neutrons.

Nitrogen-20: 7electrons, 7protons, 13neutrons.

Sulphur-23: 16electrons, 16protons, 7neutrons.

Sulphur-25: 16electrons, 16protons, 9neutrons.

The water displacement method is a set of measurements used to calculate the volume of an irregularly shaped object. These objects are commonly known as irregularly shaped solids.

The displacement method (also known as the submersion or dunking method) can be used to accurately measure the volume of the human body and other irregularly shaped objects by measuring the volume of fluid displaced when the object is submerged.

Place your jewelry on a table or in your hand, and pour some white vinegar directly on the metal (a dropper can also be used). If the metal of the jewelry changes color, it is not pure gold; if it continues to shine, you have real gold in your hand.

Thus, The water displacement method is a set of measurements used to calculate the volume of an irregularly shaped object.

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The amount of copper deposited is 0.1778 grams.

The electrolysis reaction for CuSO₄ solution

Copper deposits will occur at the cathode. According to Faraday's law the number of moles of an electron

ne = It ÷ 96,500

ne = (0.450 × 1,200) ÷ 96,500

ne = 540 ÷ 96,500

ne = 5.6 × 10⁻³ mol

The ratio of the coefficients of each element is equal to the ratio of the number of moles.

ne : n Cu = 2 : 1

n Cu = ne ÷ 2

n Cu = (5.6 × 10⁻³) ÷ 2

n Cu = 2.8 × 10⁻³ mol

Calculate the amount of copper

The molar mass for copper = 63.5

m = n × molar mass

m = 2.8 × 10⁻³ × 63.5

m = 0.1778 grams

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Joe is getting his energy expenditure measured by direct calorimetry, and  1 liter of water surrounding chamber has an initial reading of 15 degrees Celsius. Final reading is 2015 degrees Celsius. Calories that he expend is 2,000 degree Celsius.

Direct calorimetry obtains direct measurement of the amount of heat generated by body within a structure large enough to permit moderate amounts of activity. These structures are known as whole-room calorimeters. Direct calorimetry gives a measure of energy expended in the form of heat.

Direct calorimetry provides the user with unique capacity to quantify the heat produced from aerobic and anaerobic metabolism by measuring heat exchange between body and the environment.

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Answer:

Intramolecular forces are the forces that hold atoms together within a molecule. Intermolecular forces are forces that exist between molecules.The stronger the intermolecular forces between solute molecule and solvent molecule, the greater the solubility of the solute in the solvent.

Intermolecular and intramolecular forces determine the solubility of solutes in water. As the polar solute dissolves in a polar solvent and nonpolar dissolves in nonpolar.

Intermolecular forces can be defined as the attractive forces and repulsive forces that develop between the molecules of a substance. These forces decide most of the chemical properties and physical properties of matter. The intermolecular forces between the molecules are known as Vander Waals forces.

Forces between the molecules themselves are known as intermolecular forces. The particles are held together by intermolecular forces while forces present within one molecule are known as intramolecular forces.

The intermolecular forces can be described as Dipole-Dipole Interactions, Ion-Dipole, Ion-Induced Dipole, Dipole-Induced Dipole Interactions, and Dispersion Forces.

Polar solute shows attractive intermolecular forces for polar solvents while nonpolar solute dissolves in nonpolar solvents. Intermolecular forces help dissolving solutes in water.

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The two specific temperatures of gas CPCV have a ratio of 1.66 to 1.40 in a gas containing triatomic molecules.

The amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of one mole of a gas by one degree Celsius at a fixed volume is known as the molar specific heat capacity (Cv) of a gas. It has a value of 3R/2 for monatomic ideal gas and 5R/2 for diatomic ideal gas.

The molecules of a perfect gas are always moving at random. Before colliding with another molecule or the surface, they go straight ahead.

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The molarity of the KCl solution is 4.04 moles/ litre

Molarity (M), which is determined by dividing the solute's mass in moles by the volume of the solution in liters, is the most widely used unit to express solution concentration: liters of solution/moles of solute equals M. One liter of a solution with a 1.00 molar concentration (1.00 M) contains 1.00 moles of solute.

The amount of a substance in a specific volume of solution is known as its molarity (M). The number of moles of a solute per liter of a solution is known as molarity. The molar concentration of a solution is another name for molarity.

Molarity = no. of moles/ volume of solution

Volume of KCl solution given is 0.25 L

molarity = 1.01 / 0.25

molarity = 4.04 moles/ litre

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The concentration of fluoroacetic acid in a solution is [tex]5.69*10^-^3M .[/tex]

What is dissociation of acids?

In an aqueous  solution, an acid dissociates into hydrogen ions (H+) and anions. The molecules of a strong acid dissociate, resulting in a high concentration of H+.

It is calculated by:

Ka = [tex]\frac{[A^-][H^+]}{[H^+]}[/tex]

The dissociation of HCl is given as follows:

HCl ⇄ [tex]H^+[/tex] + [tex]Cl^-[/tex]

The concentration of H+ ion = 0.00275 M.

So,

pH = -log[tex][H^+][/tex]

pH =  -log[tex][0.00275M][/tex]

pH = 2.56

According to question

pH of HCl = pH of fluoroacetic acid

The dissociation of fluoroacetic acid is given as follows:

[tex]FCH^2COOH[/tex] ⇄ [tex]FCH_2COO^-[/tex] + [tex]H^+[/tex]

Ka = [tex]\frac{[FCH^2COO^-][H^+]}{FCH^2COOH}[/tex]

pKa = -log [Ka]

2.59 = -log [Ka]

Ka = [tex]2.57*10^-^3[/tex]

According to ICE table:

            [tex]FCH^2COOH[/tex] ⇄ [tex]FCH_2COO^-[/tex] + [tex]H^+[/tex]

I                        C               0                       0

C                      -x               +x                     +x

E                     C-x               x                        x

According to the equation:

Ka = [tex]\frac{[FCH^2COO^-][H^+]}{FCH^2COOH}[/tex]

[tex]2.57*10^-^3[/tex] = [tex]\frac{x.x}{C-x}[/tex]

[tex]2.57*10^-^3[/tex] = [tex]\frac{x^2}{C-x}[/tex]

x = 0.00275M

[tex]2.57*10^-^3[/tex] = [tex]\frac{0.00275^2}{C-0.00275}[/tex]

Solving for C,

C = 0.00569M or  [tex]5.69*10^-^3M .[/tex]

The concentration of fluoroacetic acid in a solution is [tex]5.69*10^-^3M .[/tex]

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The Avogadro' s number is 6.022×10²³

What is body centered cubic lattice?

The Bravis lattice of the same name serves as the basis for the BCC crystal structure, which has one atom per lattice point at each of the cube's four corners and in its centre. BCC's high proportion of nearest and next-nearest neighbours contributes to its tight proximity and excellent stability.

atomic mass of Ba = 137.327u

No. of atoms of Ba in a BCC unit cell = 2

Edge length of unit cell= 502pm =502ₓ10⁻¹⁰ cm

density =3.50g/cm³

ρ=ZM/N₀ₓV

3.50=2ₓ137.327/N₀ₓ(502ₓ10⁻¹⁰)³

=78.47257/1.265ₓ10⁻²²

N₀=6.02ₓ10²³

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Tally the number of atoms based on subscript. Fe + O2 → Fe2O3. In this scenario, since there are now 6O atoms on the left, there must also be 6O atoms on the right. Step 2: Begin balancing the simple molecules first.

The number of Fe is actually equal on both sides, and the same is true for O2, so the equation is balanced.

We can also see that the ratio of hydrogen to oxygen is off. Let's add four oxygen atoms in front of the H2O molecule on the reactant side since iron oxide contains four oxygen atoms. Iron reacts with steam to produce hydrogen gas and iron oxide. Note: When steam is applied to a red-hot iron, iron oxide and hydrogen gas are produced.

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The isomeric ethers with a formula of  C4H10O are three. Isomers do not  share similar chemical or physical properties.

Isomers are compounds that have exactly the same number of atoms, that is, they have exactly the same empirical formula, but differ from each other by the arrangement of atoms.  It is important to be able to recognize isomers because they have different chemical, physical and biological properties.

Structural isomers can be divided into : functional group isomers, chain isomers, and positional isomers.

In chemistry, isomers are molecules or polyatomic ions with identical molecular formulae but distinct arrangements of atoms in space.

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The electropositive ion that is least likely to get reduced is Zn²⁺ (option B).

Electropositivity in chemistry is tendency of an element to release electrons to form a chemical bond or positively charged cations.

Electropositivity is primarily exhibited by metallic elements, especially the alkali metals and the alkaline earth metals.

Electropositivity is the opposite of electronegativity, which is a measure of the tendency of an atom to gain electrons and form negatively charged anions. Therefore, highly electropositive elements have very low electronegativities and vice versa.

Based on the cations given in this question, zinc (Zn²⁺) is the most electropositive, hence, has the least tendency to be reduced i.e. gain electrons.

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The student should take the average of the results from all four trials to obtain the highest level of accuracy.

Chemistry's definition of accuracy is how closely a measurement resembles the actual value.

Three categories of accuracy exist:

1) Point accuracy signifies that accuracy is present only at that scale point.

It provides no details regarding the instrument's accuracy.

2)Percentage of true value - The accuracy is assessed by identifying the instrument's accuracy and contrasting it with the true value that was measured.

3)Percentage of scale range – The accuracy is what determines the measurement's accuracy.

Up to 0.5 percent of instrument accuracy is disregarded. By taking multiple measurements and accounting for human error, measurement accuracy can be improved.

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1) Mole are there in 5. 0 g of methanol is 0.147 mol.

2) molecule of CuCO₃ would weigh 9. 0 g

3)  mole would 3. 0 g of cyclohexane  is 0.035 mol

4) 4. 00 mole of benzene weigh is 312.44 g

5) mass of 1000 atom of calcium is 40000 u.

1)  Moles are there in 5. 0 g of methanol is CH₃OH :

molar mass of CH₃OH = 34 g / mol

moles of CH₃OH = mass / molar mass

                            = 5 / 34

                            = 0.147 mol

2) moles of CuCO₃  = mass / molar mass

                                 = 9 / 123.55

                                  = 0.0728 mol

molecules of CuCO₃  = 6.022 × 10²³ × 0.0728

                                    = 0.438 × 10²³ molecules

3) Mole would 3. 0 g of cyclohexane (C₆H₁₂) :

moles of C₆H₁₂ = mass / molar mass

                         = 3 / 84.16

                         = 0.035 mol

4) 4. 00 mole of benzene weigh :

moles = mass / molar mass

mass = moles × molar mass

mass = 4 × 78.11

mass = 312.44 g

5) mass of 1000 atom of calcium :

mass of 1 calcium atom = 40 u

maa of 1000 atom = 40000 u.

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Ions can be made by single element or covalently bonded group of elements. The covalently bonded group of elements is called polyatomic ions or polyatomic atoms. Therefore,  the other ions that are not attracted to the electrodes form salt.

Any species that contain charge whether it is positive charge or negative charge is called ions. The example of polyatomic ions are sulfate, phosphate, nitrate etc.

Cation is the species that loose electron and attain positive charge while anion is a species which gain electron and attains negative charge so when anion and cation combine in fixed ration the the overall charge of the molecule is zero that is molecule is neutral, the charge over cation and anion is also called oxidation state.

Positive ions are attracted towards negative electrode and negative ions are attracted toward positive electrodes. the ions which are not attracted to either of the electrode, these form salt with the other ion remaining in the electrolyte.

Therefore,  the other ions that are not attracted to the electrodes form salt.

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The pH of the solution in which one normal adult dose aspirin is dissolved is 2.6 .

Given,

mass of aspirin = 640 mg = 0.640 g

volume of water = 6 ounces = 6 × 0.0295735 L = 0.177441 L

molar mass of aspirin = 180.16 g/mol

moles of aspirin = mass / molar mass = 0.00355 mol

The pH of the solution is as follows,

concentration of aspirin = moles of Aspirin / volume of water

= 0.00355 / 0.177441

= 0.021 M

Given that pKa of Aspirin = 3.5

pKa = -logKa

Therefore, Ka = 3.162 × 10⁻⁴

From the Ice table

3.162 × 10⁻⁴ = [x + H⁺]/[aspirin] = [x²]/[0.021 - x]

Given that the value of Ka is small so we will ignore -x

x² = 3.162 × 10⁻⁴ × 0.021

x = 2.576 × 10⁻³

Therefore,

[ H⁺ ] = 2.576 × 10⁻³

given that

pH = - Log [ H⁺ ]

     = - ( -3 + log 2.576 )

     = 2.58 ≈ 2.6

Hence we can conclude that The pH of the solution in which one normal adult dose aspirin is dissolved is 2.6 .

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The relative atomic mass of the element is the average value of the hydrogen atom is 1.008 amu.

The mass of the one is the atomic mass. one amu is given as:

1 amu = 1.661 × 10⁻²⁷ kg

the hydrogen atom has the mass of = 1.6736 × 10⁻²⁴ g

The mass of the one twelfth carbon atom is given as :

= 1.661  × 10⁻²⁴ g

the relative atomic mass is given as follows :

Relative atomic mass = mass of the hydrogen atom/mass of 1/12 carbon atom

relative atomic mass = 1.6736 × 10⁻²⁴ g /  1.661  × 10⁻²⁴ g

Relative atomic mass = 1.008 amu

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Answer:

A

Explanation:

1.56% would be the percentage of the original sample would be left after 108 days.

What is  a radioactive element?

Radioactive elements are composed of atoms with unstable nuclei and emit atomic radiation as part of the stabilization process. Emission of radiation transforms radioactive atoms into different chemical elements. This chemical element is either stable or highly radioactive, so it decays further. Since some elements in nuclei are unstable due to the presence of excess nuclear charge, these nuclei undergo radioactive decay to form stable nuclei. These elements are called radioactive elements.

The nuclear stability of the elements can be calculated from the n/p (neutron-proton ratio). Elements with atomic numbers up to Z=20 are stable and contain the same number of protons and neutrons. As the atomic number increases, the repulsion between protons increases, requiring more protons and neutrons. Therefore, the neutron-to-proton ratio of stable nuclei increases with increasing atomic number.

Therefore, 1.56% would be the percentage of the original sample would be left after 108 days.

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