Gas has a molecular volume of 22.4 litres at 273 K and 1 atm. The answer to the given question is 1 atm, 1 mol, and 273°C, or 546K.
STP is at 273K; why?STP is frequently used when calculating gas properties, like gas density. The standard pressure is 1 atm, and the standard temperature is 273 K (0° Celsius or 32° Fahrenheit). At atp equal at sea level, this is the freezing point of pure water.
How does the formula for Charles Law work?Charles' law is defined as follows, and this is how we might express the equation for Charles' law: The initial volume and temperature, V1 and T1, are equal to V2 and T2, respectively.
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what is the shortest wavelength line in nanometers in series of the hydrogen spectrum when m=l and n>l? (c=1.097*10^7)
91.2 nm is the shortest wavelength line in nanometers in series of the hydrogen spectrum when m=l and n>l
What is hydrogen spectrum?The electromagnetic radiation that a hydrogen electron emits when it transitions from an excited state to a normal state is known as the hydrogen spectrum. The wavelength of the hydrogen spectrum correlates to the energy emitted.
In order to boost electrons to higher energy levels, hydrogen molecules must first be broken into hydrogen atoms (thus the atomic hydrogen emission spectrum). Assume an electron is stimulated to the third energy level. It would probably lose energy once again if it dropped to a lower level.
As we know,
1/λ = R × (z)²× [(1/n₁)² - (1/n₂)²]
Given, it is hydrogen spectrum thus z = 1
and R = 1.097 × 10⁷ m⁻¹
n₁ = 1 and n₂ = ∞
Now,
or, 1/λ = (1.097 × 10⁷ m⁻¹) × (1)²× [(1/1)² - (1/∞)²]
or, 1/λ = 1.097 × 10⁷ m⁻¹
or, λ = 1/ 1.097 × 10⁷ m⁻¹
λ = 91.2 nm
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The boiling points for a set of compounds in a homologous series can be qualitatively predicted using intermolecular force strengths. Using their condensed structural formulas, rank the homologous series for a set of alkanes by their boiling point Rank from highest to lowest boiling point. To rank items as equivalent, overlap them.
The decreasing order for the boiling point will be: CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3 > CH3CH2CCH2CH3CH3 > CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3CH3 > CH3CH2CH2CH3
What is meant by boiling points?Boiling point can be described as the temperature that is responsible for the conversion of liquid state to vapor state. The boiling point is dependent on the molar mass and branching. As all are alkanes, the force is the same.
As Heptane is the straight hydrocarbon has highest boiling point.
3,3-dimethylpentane has 7 carbon chained branched hydrocarbon, therefore, boiling point increased.
Hexane is straight hydrocarbon but has a low molecular weight, so the boiling point increased further.
As butane has 4 carbon straight chains, therefore it has the lowest boiling point.
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Note: the question given on portal is incomplete. Here is the complete question.
Question: The boiling points for a set of compounds in a homologous series can be qualitatively predicted using intermolecular force strengths. Using their condensed structural formulas, rank the homologous series for a set of alkanes by their boiling point. Rank from highest to lowest boiling point. To rank items as equivalent, overlap them.
a)CH3CH2CH2CH3
b) CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3CH3
c) CH3CH2CCH2CH3CH3
d)CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3
In 1909 Fritz Haber reacted Nitrogen with hydrogen to produce 76.3 grams of ammonia. How many grams of hydrogen reacted?
N2(g) + 3H2(g) → 2NH3(g)
Question 5 options:
13.5 grams
4.8 grams
16.9 grams
21.2 grams
Answer:
13.5 g.
Explanation:
76.3 g NH3 contains 4.49 mol NH3. This comes from (3/2)4.49 mol H2 = 6.75 mol H2, or 13.5 g hydrogen.
54.8 L of hydrogen gas is combined with excess oxygen at STP. What mass of water
should be produced?
The mass of water that should be produced from 54.8 L of hydrogen gas in the presence of excess oxygen at STP should be 36 grams.
Stoichiometric problemThe equation when hydrogen and oxygen gas combine to form water is written as:
[tex]2H_2 + O_2 -- > 2 H_2O[/tex]
From the equation of the reaction, the ratio of hydrogen gas that reacts to the water that is formed is 1:1.
At STP, 1 mole of a gas is equivalent to 22.4 L of the gas. Thus, 54.8 L of hydrogen will be equivalent to:
22.4 L = 1 mol
54.8 L = 54.8 x 1/22.4
= 2 mol
With moles of hydrogen gas, 2 moles of water will also be formed.
Recall that: mass = mole x molar mass
The molar mass of water is 18 g/mol.
Thus, the mass of 2 moles of water can be calculated as:
Mass = 2 x 18
= 36 grams
Thus, 36 grams of water will be formed when 65.8 L of hydrogen gas reacts with excess oxygen.
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Which of the following are valid reasons you must repeat the standard curve (calibration plot) for crystal violet this week? I The spectrophotometer may not be the same instrument as last week. II The cuvette will not be the same as last week. III, A spectrophotometer may give different results on different days. a. I and III only b. I and II only c. II and III only d. I, II, and III
Option c) is correct . The cuvette will not be same as last week or spectrophotometer may give different results on different days.
What is calibration plot?
This curve is used in analytical chemistry for the determination the concentration of an unknown sample solution.
Some errors might get during measurements
1. didn't wait for instrument to calibrate. (Before showing 0.00 have placed cuvette in it)
2. Not handled the cuvette in correct way.
3. May changed the cuvette. (Size of cuvette)
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what is learned it the data from an experiment does not support the hypothesis
If the results of an experiment do not confirm the hypothesis, some information is still learnt about the hypothesis that is useful.
What is discovered if an experiment's results contradict the hypothesis?If your hypothesis is not confirmed by the experiment's findings, you should re-examine the data to see why your findings contradicted your hypothesis.
What action should you take if your data contradicts your hypothesis?The first step you should take after a hypothesis is rejected is to carefully review the data. Afterward, give a possible explanation for why the hypothesis was erroneous using your study and data. Once a cause is identified, your hypothesis may have been incorrect.
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question:-
What is learned if the data from an experiment do not support the hypothesis?
A. Incorrect information; the data were not analyzed correctly.
B. Some information; the data still valuable information about the hypothesis.
C. No information; the data are bad or incomplete.
D. No information; the experiment is not useful.
If an atom has sp2 hybridization in a molecule:
The maximum number of σ bonds that the atom can form is
The maximum number of p-p bonds that the atom can form is
According to the molecular geometry, there are 3 maximum number of σ bonds that the atom can form and 2 maximum number of p-p bonds that the atom can form .
What is molecular geometry?Molecular geometry can be defined as a three -dimensional arrangement of atoms which constitute the molecule.It includes parameters like bond length,bond angle and torsional angles.
It influences many properties of molecules like reactivity,polarity color,magnetism .The molecular geometry can be determined by various spectroscopic methods and diffraction methods , some of which are infrared,microwave and Raman spectroscopy.
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How many atoms of carbon (C) are in 0.04 g of carbon?
Answer:
[tex]2.01x10^{21}atoms\ C[/tex]
Explanation:
First, find the atomic mass of carbon (12.01 [tex]\frac{g}{mol}[/tex]). Then use this value and Avogadro's number ([tex]6.022x10^{23}[/tex]) to convert grams to atoms:
[tex]0.04g\ C(\frac{1\ mol\ C}{12.01\ g\ C})(\frac{6.022x10^{23} atoms\ C}{1\ mol\ C})=2.01x10^{21}atoms\ C[/tex]
If the reactants of a reaction are HCI and NaOH, what could be a product?
OA. NO₂
OB. HC104
O C. Na₂CO3
OD. NaCl
If the reactants of a reaction are HCI and NaOH, Na₂CO3 be a product.HCl and NaOH are the reactants.
The chemical reaction between being an acid and a base is quite frequent. Water and a binary or ternary salt are the only byproducts of this reaction, which is also known as a neutralization or double replacement reaction.
For this issue, HCl serves as the acid and NaOH serves as the base.
NaOH + HCl →NaCl + H2O.
Neutralization Reactions
A very significant family of chemical reactions known as neutralisation reactions occurs when the effect or action of an acid is neutralised by the a base and vice versa. As a result of their reaction, an acid and a base produce heat as well as salt and water. Water is actually created through neutralisation reactions between the acid proton from of the acid as well as the base's hydroxyl group (H+ and OH- combine to make H2O). The quantities of the person to be taken depend on the amounts of the base and acid.
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how many sugar molecules are present in 300mL of a 2.0 m solution
The amount of sugar molecules present in 300mL of a 2.0M solution is 3.61 × 10²³ molecules of sugar.
How to calculate number of molecules?The number of molecules of a substance can be calculated by multiplying the number of moles in the substance by Avogadro's number (6.02 × 10²³).
According to this question, 300mL of a 2.0M solution is given. The molarity of the solution can be calculated as follows:
no of moles = 0.300 × 2.0 = 0.6moles
no of molecules = 0.6mol × 6.02 × 10²³
no of molecules = 3.61 × 10²³ molecules of sugar.
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I need help asap please
Following is the classification of given substances:
Atomic element: AgMolecular element: F₂Molecular compound: COIonic compound: PbI₄What is difference between element and compound?An element is a pure substance containing only one type of atom whereas, compound contains more than one kind of atom. Elements are classified by their properties and compounds are classified by the type of bond. Symbols represent elements and compounds are defined by chemical formulas. Their atomic number identifies the elements. Compounds are separated by their atomic ratio. Chemical reactions cannot break-down elements, but they can break down compounds, which is the main difference between compound and element. There are several other factors that distinguish elements from compounds, such as total number, properties, composition, and examples. There are 118 distinct elements in the periodic table. There are countless connections. Elements held the properties of their parent atom. Compounds do not have specific properties and have different properties depending on the type of bond.
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Part 2 out of 2 Now consider the stereochemistry in the reaction below: на нь Meo DMSO heat Select the answer choice below that correctly picks the appropriate hydrogen to remove in this reaction as well as the correct reasoning for this choice. O Hb is removed because it is anti-periplanar to the leaving group C1O It doesn't matter whether Ha or Hb is removed as both will lead to the specified product O Ha is removed because it is syn-periplanar to the leaving group CI O ) Ha is removed because it is anti-periplanar to the leaving group CI O Hb is removed because it is syn-periplanar to the leaving group Cl
According to the given statement Hb is removed because it is anti-periplanar to the leaving group.
What is stereochemistry and examples?Stereochemistry is the scientific study of a substance's three-dimensional structure. The location of the material's electrons in three dimensions is the only structural distinction between the stereoisomers cross & trans analogues, which are kinds. There may be differences in the chemical and physical properties of these stereoisomers.
What makes stereochemistry so special?The word "stereochemistry," which relates to physics in three dimensions, comes from the Greek word "stereos," which means solid. Stereochemistry cannot be regarded as a field of chemistry because almost all organic molecules are three-dimensional (with the possible exception of some olefins and aromatics, which will be covered later).
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Part 1: Name the type of chemical reaction that occurs when aluminum (Al) reacts with copper nitrate (Cu(NO3)2).
Part 2: Explain why aluminum does not react with potassium nitrate (KNO3) although it reacts with copper nitrate.
Aluminium cannot replace potassium because potassium is more reactive than aluminium. And the response won't take place.
What is Displacement Reaction?
Chemistry's most crucial chemical reactions are displacement reactions. They are applied in a variety of settings and contexts. For instance, electroplating, which is based on displacement reaction, is used to stop iron objects from rusting.
Displacement reactions are those in which a portion of one reactant is replaced by another reactant. Another name for it is a replacement reaction. as another reactant ion takes the place of one ion that was previously present.
For instance, Fe+CuSO4FeSO4+Cu
One element is replaced by another in a compound in a single displacement reaction, which is also known as a single replacement reaction.
Chlorine takes the place of bromine when it is introduced to a solution of sodium bromide in gaseous form (or as a gas dissolved in water). Chlorine, which is more reactive than bromine, causes sodium bromide to lose bromine, which causes the solutions to turn blue. The bromine that is displaced gives the colour brown. The Cl and Br have been switched around in the equation, as can be seen.
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Outline the steps needed to determine the limiting reactant when 0.50 mol of Cr and 0.75 mol of H3PO4 react according to the following chemical reaction. 2Cr + 2H3PO4 -> 2CrPO4 + 3H2
The theoretical yield of the reaction is 1.13 g. The acid H₃PO₄ is the limiting reactant.
Definition of the theoretical yield
The theoretical yield of a given chemical reaction can be obtained from the balanced reaction equation.
Number of moles of Cr = 0.50 g /52 g/mol = 9.6 × 10⁻³ moles
Number of moles of acid = 0.75 g/98 g/mol = 7.7 × 10⁻³ moles
Given that the reaction is 1:1, the limiting reactant would be the acid.
The theoretical yield that is obtained from,
Theoretical yield = Number of moles of product × Molar mass of product
Substitute the values to obtain,
7.7 × 10⁻³ moles × 147 g/mole = 1.13 g
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I need help asap please
The volume of KOH in the given reaction is 0.0052 L or 5.2 mL
What is molarity?Concentration is one of the most familiar and important parameters for those working with chemicals and reactions. It measures how much substance is dissolved in a given amount of solution. Chemists use a variety of units to express concentration. However, the term molarity, also known as molarity, is the most common way of expressing concentration. When reactants (compounds) are expressed in moles, chemical reactions can be expressed in whole numbers. This makes it easy to manipulate amounts.
Molarity describes the concentration of a solution. It is defined as the number of moles of substance or solute dissolved per liter of solution (not per liter of solvent!).
M₁V₁ = M₂V₂
Where, M₁ = Concentration of H₂SO₄ (0.11 M)
V₁ = Volume of of H₂SO₄ (0.0114 L)
M₂ = Concentration of KOH (0.24 M)
V₂ = Volume of KOH
Now, substitute the values:
0.11 × 0.0114 = 0.24 × V₂
V₂ = 0.0052 L or 5.2 mL
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Assuming an efficiency of 45.10%, calculate the actual yield of magnesium nitrate formed from 120.0 g of magnesium and excess copper(II) nitrate.
PLEASE HELP!!
According to the concept of percent yield, the actual yield of magnesium nitrate is 334.41 g.
What is percent yield?Percent yield is defined as the ratio of actual yield to the theoretical yield multiplied by 100. If the actual and theoretical yield are same then the percent yield is 100%.If actual yield is less than the theoretical yield then the percent yield is less than 100%.
In cases where percent yield is over 100% it indicates that more sample is recovered than the predicted amount.This condition arises when there are other simultaneous reactions taking place leading to the formation of product. It can also arise if there is incomplete removal of impurities from the sample .
In order to obtain actual yield formula is, actual yield=percent yield×theoretical yield/100
In this case, theoretical yield is , as 24 g magnesium produces 148.3 g magnesium nitrate , 120 g magnesium will produce 741.5 g magnesium nitrate.
∴actual yield=45.10×741.50/100=334.41 g
Thus, the actual yield of magnesium nitrate is 334.41 g.
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co2 extinguishers should never be used in a confined space unless the user is wearing proper respiratory protection, such as a supplied-air respirator (sar) or a self-contained breathing apparatus (scba)
Sudden increase in carbon pollution poses a threat to anybody utilizing a CO2 shooter in a constrained space. Because oxygen is replaced by Dioxide, an asphyxiant, more rapidly in a tiny space than in a larger one.
Explain what an extinguisher is.In order to stop a fire from spreading, smoke detectors use a substance to reduce the heat of the flames, smother the fuel, or cut off the oxygen supply. If used by a competent person, a portable fire suppression system may swiftly put out a minor fire.
What kinds of extinguishers are there?Types of various classes of fire extinguishers. The six primary types of fire extinguishers are wet chemical, water, foam, Carbon dioxide, powder, and water mist.
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For each of the following descriptions, decide if the material is likely to be a mixture or a pure compound or element, and then decide if the process is a chemical or a physical change. a) A clear, colorless, crystalline solid is heated. A pale yellow-green gas is given off and a shiny, malleable metal was left behind. b) A brown liquid is heated and a colorless, aromatic liquid is produced along with a clear, colorless liquid while a brown liquid is left behind in the container. c) Adding sugar to tea causes the tea to taste sweeter. d) A shiny, dark gray metal and a clear colorless gas combine to form a flaky orange solid.
Option A, B and D are chemical changes and Option C is a physical changes
Physical and Chemical changes:
A change in physical attributes accompanies a physical change. Melting, turning into a gas, changing strength or durability, changing crystal structure or texture, and changing shape, size, color, volume, or density are a few examples of physical qualities.Chemical synthesis, or, alternatively, chemical breakdown into two or more separate molecules, occurs when one material reacts with another to create a new substance. These processes are referred to as chemical reactions, and they often cannot be reversed except by other chemical reactions.Nothing about the original crystalline solid remains in the produced gas and metal. The crystalline solid was therefore a combination that disintegrated into its constituent parts. Chemical changes will result from this process.Water-soluble tea components are combined to make tea. A physical shift occurs when sugar is added to tea. Sugar does not interact with the chemicals in tea; rather, it just sweetens the solution and combines its qualities with those of the compounds.Hence, Option A, B and D are chemical changes and Option C is a physical changes
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4. A main group element has 81 protons and an estimated nuclear charge of +3. Therefor, the element has ____ electrons and can be on in Group ____ of the Periodic Table.
Which set correctly complete the blanks?
A. 84, 3A
B. 81, 5A
C. 78, 3A
D. 78, 5A
A main group element has 81 protons and an estimated nuclear charge of +3. Therefor, the element has 84 electrons and can be on in Group 3A of the Periodic Table.
What element has a nucleus with 81 protons?With the atomic number 81 and the chemical symbol Tl, thallium is one of the elements.
What impacts the human body does thallium have?When consumed in large quantities, thorium can have negative effects on your nervous system, heart, lungs, liver, and kidney. After being exposed to high levels of thallium for a short time, symptoms like temporary hair loss, vomiting, and diarrhea are possible.
Thallium is regarded as a cumulative poison that can have a negative impact on one's health and cause degenerative changes in numerous organs. The nervous system experiences the most negative effects.
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Need help please
thanks
400 meters is equal to approximately 1312.34 feet.
what is the mathematical relation between meter and feet?
The mathematical relationship between meters and feet is based on the conversion factor between these units. The conversion factor is defined as the number of feet per meter, which is approximately 3.2808 feet/meter.
This conversion factor can be used to convert meters to feet by multiplying the number of meters by the conversion factor.
It's important to note that the conversion factor is an approximation, as the exact conversion factor between meters and feet depends on the definition of the meter and the foot. The conversion factor provided here is based on the International System of Units (SI) definitions of these units.
According to the problem:
To convert meters to feet, use the conversion factor 1 meter = 3.2808 feet. To find the equivalent value in feet, multiply the number of meters by the conversion factor.
To convert 400 meters to feet, multiply 400 by 3.2808 to get the following result:
400 meters x 3.2808 feet/meter = 1312.34 feet
So, 400 meters is approximately 1312.34 feet.
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The question that I need help with is in the photo
The volume of 0.240 M KOH to react completely with 11.4 ml of 0.110 M sulphuric acid is 5.225 ml.
What is molarity?Molarity of a solution is the ratio of the number moles of solutes to the volume of solution in liters. Molarity is most common term used to express the concentration of a solution.
Let the volume and molarity of the titrant be V1 and M1 respectively and the volume of molarity of the analyte be V2 and M2 then,
M1 V1 = M2 V2.
Given volume of H₂SO₄ = 11.4 ml
Molarity = 0.11 M
Molarity of KOH = 0.24 M
volume of KOH = (11.4 ml × 0.11 M) / 0.24 M
= 5.225 ml.
Therefore, the volume of KOH needed for the titration is 5.2 ml.
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The students predict that the reaction will form ions that are more stable and will attract each other. Use the dropdown menus to complete the statements that describe the students* prediction.
After a sodium atom
the chlorine atom, it has a full electron shell. After the chlorine atom
sodium atom, it has a full electron shell. The transfer between sodium and chlorine results in a
The formation of the sodium chloride would occur when one electron moves from sodium to chlorine.
What is an ionic compound?We know that a compound is ionic because the compound can be formed by the combination of a metal and a non metal when this occurs, there would be the transfer of an electron from a metal to a non metal. The implication of this is that we would have a pair of ions. On ion would be positively charged and the other ion would be negatively charged.
In the case of the chlorine and the sodium atoms, the compound that is formed here is sodium chloride. The only electron that is found in the outermost shell of sodium atom would be removed and then the chlorine atom would now be seen to have a full shell.
Thus in the formation of the ionic compound, there is a transfer of electrons from sodium to chlorine.
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How many grams of a gas with a molar mass 36.02 g/mol would be required to occupy a 3828 mL flask at 0.97 atm and 81.1 degrees Celcius? Record your answer in scientific notation to 2 decimal spaces.
A 3828 mL flask is occupied by 4.89 g of a gas with a molar mass of 36.02 g/mol at 0.97 atm and 81.1 °C.
What is molar mass ?The mass of a sample of a chemical compound divided by the quantity, or number of moles in the sample, measured in moles, is known as the molar mass of that compound. The molar mass of a substance is a bulk attribute rather than a molecular one.
Step 1. Convert 81.7 °C to Kelvin.
We will use the following expression.
K = °C + 273.15
= 81.1 + 273.15
= 354.9 K
Step 2. Calculate the moles of the gas.
We will use the ideal gas equation.
P × V = n × R × T
n = P × V / R × T
n = 0.97 atm × 3.828 L / (0.08206 atm.L/mol.K) × 354.9 K
= 0.136 mol
Step 3. Calculate the mass of the gas.
The molar mass of the gas is 36.02 g/mol.
0.136 mol × 36.02 g/mol
= 4.89 g
Thus, A 3828 mL flask is occupied by 4.89 g of a gas with a molar mass of 36.02 g/mol at 0.97 atm and 81.1 °C.
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The required mass of the gas is 4.61 g.
What is ideal gas law?The equation of state for a hypothetical ideal gas is known as the ideal gas law. Despite its many flaws, it is a good approximation of the behavior of several gases under various circumstances.
Given that the volume of the gas: V = 3828 mL = 3.828 L.
Pressure: P = 0.97 atm.
Temperature: T = 81.1 °C = (273+81.1) K = 354.1 K.
Then from ideal gas equation: PV = nRT
Where: R = universal gas constant = 0.082 atm L/mol.K
Required amount of gas: n = PV/RT
= (3.828*0.97)/(0.082*354.1) mol
= 0.13 mol.
Hence, for a gas with a molar mass 36.02 g/mol, the mass of gas
= 0.13 mo l* 36.02 g/mol
= 4.61 g.
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which of the following solutions contains the greatest number of ions, assuming all these salts dissociate completely? A)400.0 ml of 0.10 m nacl. b) 300.0 ml of 0.10 m cacl2. C) 200.0 ml of 0.10 m fecl3. D) 800.0 ml of 0.10 m sucrose.
300.0 ml of 0.10 m CaCl₂ of the following solutions contains the greatest number of ions, assuming all these salts dissociate completely.
What are ions simple definition?An is an atom or collection of atoms where the number of electrons and the number of protons are different. A positive ion, also known as a cation, is a particle that exists when the flow of atoms exceeds the number of protons. Ions are electrically charged particles that are created either by taking electrons out of neutral atoms to make positive ions or adding protons to neutral atoms to produce negative ions. The quantity of protons remains constant during the formation of an ion.
Briefing:The number of moles in 300. mL of 0.10 M CaCl₂ is:
0.300 L * 0.10 Mol L = 0.030 mol
Each mole of CaCl₂ contains 3 moles of ions (1 Ca²⁺ and 2 Cl⁻). The moles of ions in 0.030 moles of CaCl₂ are:
0.30molNaCl * 3mol Ions / 1 mol NaCl = 0.90 mols
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A SEMI-PERMEABLE MEMBRENE
Semipermeable membranes are a type of polymeric, biological or synthetic membrane that permits certain ions or molecules to flow through them via osmosis.
What sort of membrane would be considered semipermeable?A thin membrane known as a semipermeable membrane allows certain tiny molecules to flow through but not others. A semipermeable membrane can be a small piece of cellophane.
What does it mean to be semi-permeable?Semi implies some or a small amount, and permeable means able to let anything through. Consequently, a semi-permeable screen is one that only permits specific substances to flow through. Different from membrane pores, which let all materials flow through the barrier, are semi-permeable membranes.
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Upon reaction of 1.274 g of copper(II) sulfate with excess zinc metal, 0.392 g copper metal was obtained according to the equation: CuSO4 (aq) + Zn (s) Cu (s) + ZnSO (aq) What is the percent yield? (77.3%)
The Percent Yield=(Actual YieldTheoretical Yield)×100% = 77.3%
What does the term percent yield mean?A real yield divided by hypothetical yield multiplied by 100 is known as percent yield.Yield Percentage Equals Actual YieldA theoretical yield of 100%There are various reasons why a chemical reaction's theoretical yield might not match its actual yield, and these will be covered in more detail in later chapters of the course.
What formula is used to determine percentage yield?Percent yield = Actual Yield/Theoretical Yield x 100 is the formula we use to calculate the yield percentage.
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Outline the mechanism of the conversion of α-ketoglutarate to succinyl-CoA catalyzed by α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex.
Put these 5 steps in order:
1. decarboxylation
2. transacylation
3. dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase activity
4. oxidation of 4-carbon group, reduction of lipoamide disulfide
5. enzymatical FADH2 reoxydation by NAD+
The oxidative decarboxylation of -ketoglutarate to succinyl coenzyme A is catalyzed by the -ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex (ODHC) (succinyl-CoA).
What kind of reaction is catalyzed by alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase?A tightly controlled enzyme called alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (-KGDH) may control the metabolic flow through the Krebs cycle. It directly creates NADH and catalyzes the conversion of -ketoglutarate to succinyl-CoA, supplying the respiratory chain with electrons.
Does alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase get inhibited by succinyl-CoA?The -ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex does not have a sophisticated regulation system comprising a kinase and a phosphatase, in contrast to the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. High ratios of ATP/ADP, succinyl-CoA/CoASH, and NADH/NAD+, on the other hand, inhibit activity while Ca2+ stimulates it.
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22. What is the central idea of "A Brief History of DDT"?
The central idea is to combat malaria, typhus, and other insect-borne human diseases among both military and civilian populations.
The full form of DDT is Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane.
DDT is an insecticide used in agriculture. The United States banned the use of DDT in 1972. Some countries outside the United States still use DDT to control mosquitoes that spread malaria.
It also was effective for insect control in crop and livestock production, institutions, homes, and gardens. DDT's quick success as a pesticide and broad use in the United States and other countries led to the development of resistance by many insect pest species.
DDT is:
known to be very persistent in the environment,will accumulate in fatty tissues, andcan travel long distances in the upper atmosphere.To know more about DDT:
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Solid lithium metal and diatomic nitrogen gas react spontaneously to form a solid product. Give the balanced chemical equation (including phases) that describes this reaction.
Indicate the phases using abbreviation (s), (l), or (g) for solid, liquid, or gas, respectively.
Solid lithium reacts with dinitrogen giving lithium nitride. Where three electrons from lithium is transferred to nitrogen. The balanced chemical equation is given below:
[tex]\rm 6 Li (s) + N_{2} (g) \rightarrow 2 Li_{3}N (s)[/tex]
What is lithium nitride?Lithium nitride is a brownish-red colored powder compound formed by the ionic bonding between lithium and nitrogen. Lithium is an alkali metal with 3 electrons with one valence electron.
Nitrogen is a non-metal with 5 valence electron and it needs 3 more electrons to achieve octet. Thus, lithium gives its valence electron to nitrogen. One nitrogen needs 3 electrons thus two nitrogen needs total 6 electrons. Thus two nitrogen atoms bonds with 6 Li atoms as written in the balanced reaction.
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How many moles of O2 are needed to produce 1.01 mol of CO2?
Since oxygen is diatomic in its normal form, it takes two molecules of oxygen to create one molecule of carbon dioxide. The appropriate formula is: C (s) + O2 (g) → CO2 (g).
What is meant by 1 mole?A mole is 6.02214076 x 1023 of any chemical unit, including atoms, molecules, ions, and others. Given the large number of atoms, compounds, or other components that make up any material, the mole is a useful measure to utilize.
How is the mole determined?Divide this mass of the substance by its molarity to get how many moles you have. The mass in millimeters of one molecule of a material is known as its molar mass. The atomic unit's atomic weight, expressed in atomic mass units, determines the substance's mass (amu). For instance, one moles of argent has a mass of due to its atomic mass of 107.8682 amu.
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