The amount of heat needed to melt of solid acetic acid is 32.4 kJ.
Given temperatures are
Heat capacity for acetic acid = 2.06 J/g* °C
The melting point of acetic acid = 16.64 °C
Enthalpy of fusion for acetic acid = 11.73 kJ/mol
Number of moles of acetic acid = 124 g/(60.05 g/mol) = 2.064946 mol
1. Conversion of solid acetic acid at 16.64 °C to liquid acetic acid at 16.64 °C
q1 =m*ΔHf = 2.064946 mol * 11.73 kJ/mol = 24.22182 kJ
2. Conversion of liquid acetic acid at 16.64 °C to gas at 48.7 °C
q2 = m*C*ΔT = 124 g* 2.06 J/g* °C * (48.7 – 16.64 ) °C = 8189.406 J = 8.189406 kJ
Total heat energy required = q1 + q2
= 24.22182 + 8.189406 = 32.41122 kJ
The heat energy required = 32.4 kJ.
The inlet temperature to the heat exchanger at B will be T1. And the output of the heat exchanger coming out at D is T2. The cooling water entering the heat exchanger heats up as it passes through the heat exchanger. q is the amount of heat transferred to the system used to represent the change in enthalpy. Enthalpy is the total potential energy of a system associated with heat transferred to and from the system.
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Calculate the amount of heat neceary to raie the temperature of 47. 8 g ethylene glycol
Th amount of heat necessary to raise the temperature of 47.8g ethylene glycol is 47.8J.
To calculate the amount of heat transferred (q) is the product of specific heat capacity(C), mass of substance(m) and the change in temperature(ΔT).
q=m×c×ΔT
Here m=47.8g , C=1K, ΔT= 1K
q= 47.8J
What is ethylene glycol?
Ethylene glycol is a water-absorbing synthetic liquid. It has no odour and a sweet taste. Ethylene glycol is used in the manufacture of antifreeze and deicing solutions for automobiles, aeroplanes, and boats. It's also found in hydraulic brake fluids and inks used in stamp pads, ballpoint pens, and printing presses.
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how many grams of water would you need to make an 89% plutonium aqueous solution by mass. the total solution is 3500 grams.
325 g of water would be need to make an 89% plutonium aqueous solution by mass, if the total solution is 3500 grams.
This problem is solved by using the concept of total mass percentage
Total mass percentage can be given as
Mass percentage = sum of mass percentage of elements in solution.
100% = 89% of plutonium aqueous solution by mass+ x V of water solution by mass
(100 - 89)% = x% of water solution by mass
11 % = x% of water solution by mass
mass percentage of water =( mass of water / mass of total solution) × 100
11 / 100 = mass of water / mass of total solution
mass of water =( 11/ 100) × 3500
= 325 g.
Thus, we concluded that 325 g of water would be need to make an 89% plutonium aqueous solution by mass, if the total solution is 3500 grams.
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Strontium-90 has a half-life of 28 years. If a 8.00 mg sample were stored for 112 years, what mass of 90Sr would remain?
The mass of Strontium-90 left after 112 years with an half-life of 28 years is 0.5 mg.
What is mass?Mass can be defined as the quantity of matter a body contains.
To calculate the mass of Strontium-90 left, we use the formula below.
Formula:
R' = R/([tex]2^{n/t}[/tex])............... Equation 1Where:
R' = Mass of Strontium-90 leftR = Original mass of Strontium-90n = Total time t = Half-life of Strontium-90From the question,
Given:
R = 8.00 mgt = 28 yearsn = 112 yearsSubstitute these values into equation 1
R = 8/([tex]2^{112/28}[/tex])R = 8/2⁴R = 8/16R = 0.5 mgHence, the mass of Strontium-90 left is 0.5 mg.
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A 0. 1326 g sample of magnesium was burned in an oxygen bomb calorimeter. The total heat capacity of the calorimeter plus water was 5,760 j/°c. If the temperature rise of the calorimeter with water was 0. 570°c, calculate the enthalpy of combustion of magnesium. Mg(s) + 1/2o2(g) →mgo(s).
The enthalpy of combustion of magnesium is -602KJ/mol
A combustion reaction is a reaction in which a substance reacts with the oxygen gas, releasing energy in the form of light and heat. Combustion reactions generally involves O2 as one reactant.
Heat capacity is defined as the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of the substance by one degree Celsius. Whereas the specific heat capacity of a substance is defined as the heat capacity per unit mass and it is measured in joules per kilogram per degree.
To calculate the heat absorbed by the calorimeter we use;
q = C × ΔT
q = 5760 × 0.570
q = 3283.2 J
So, 0.1326 grams of Magnesium releases energy q = 3283.2 J
Then 1 gram of Magnesium releases = 3283.2 ÷ 0.1326 = 24760 J/g
1 mol Mg = 24.31 grams
Hence, 1 mol Mg releases energy = 24.31 × 24760 = 601916 J/mol
⇒ 601.92 KJ/mol ≈ 602KJ/mol
Heat of combustion is always negative so, q = -602KJ/mol.
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explain why cf4 and xef4 are nonpolar compounds (have no net dipole moments) while sf4 is polar (has a net dipole moment)
CF₄ and XeF₄ are nonpolar compounds (have no net dipole moments) while SF₄ is polar (has a net dipole moment)
The Lewis structure for CF₄ and XeF₄ Both of them have symmetrical shapes and arrangements of polar bonds. This results in the cancellation of all polar vectors and a net dipole moment of zero. These are non-polar.
CF₄ is a tetrahedron with carbon at the center and fluorine at the four points. The dipole moments of the individual bonds cancel each other out.
Each of the other molecules is also a tetrahedron. Fluorine is more electronegative than chlorine, which is more electronegative than hydrogen. The dipole vector for each bond is the difference between the polarities of the two atoms. The dipole moment of the entire molecule is the vector sum of all of the individual bond dipole moments.
CF₄ and XeF₄ cancels itself out and has no dipole.
SF₄ on the other hand have The lone pair of electrons causes this compound to have a net dipole moment. It has no opposite pair of electrons that could cancel its pull, this results in it being polar.
therefore, CF₄ and XeF₄ are nonpolar compounds (have no net dipole moments) while SF₄ is polar (has a net dipole moment)
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Two bowling balls are rolling down a hill. It is determined that they each have the same amount of kinetic energy. However, one ball weighs twice as much as the other. What can you conclude about the speed of each ball based on this information? Explain.
If two bowling balls are rolling down a hill. It is determined that they each have the same amount of kinetic energy. However, one ball weighs twice as much as the other. Then the body with lighter mass have greater speed than the heavier body.
What is Kinetic motion?Kinetic energy is defined as the half of the product of massof the object and square of the velocity by which body move.
Mathematically, it may be defined as the
K. E = 1/2 × mv²
v² = 2K. E / m
Since, we noticed that velocity is inversely proportional to the mass of the body. Therefore, light body move with greater kinetic energy than the heavier body.
Thus, we concluded that two bowling balls are rolling down a hill. It is determined that they each have the same amount of kinetic energy. However, one ball weighs twice as much as the other. Then the body with lighter mass have greater speed than the heavier body.
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Based on the balanced chemical equation for reaction 5 what compounds were being removed when the recovered copper product was washed repeatedly with water?.
Based on the balanced chemical equation for reaction 5 aluminum III ion and copper II sulphate compounds were being removed when the recovered copper product was washed repeatedly with water
A chemical equation consist of reactant product and an arrow showing the direction of reaction and the equation in which number of atom of all the molecules is equal on both side of the equation is known as balanced chemical equation and when recovered copper product was washed repeatedly with water the compound removed during those washes were aluminum II ion and copper II sulphate
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Draw the structure of the major organic product formed in the reaction of 1−methylcyclohexene with bromine in water.
The product form in the reaction of 1−methylcyclohexene with Bromine in water is trans-2-Bromo-1-methylcyclohexanol.
The molecular formula is C7H13BrO.
The Molecular Weight is 193.08200.
Synonyms of the product formed are as follow:
-2c-bromo-1r-methyl-cyclohexanol-(1)
trans-2-bromo-1-methylcylohexanol
1-Methyl-2trans-brom-cyclohexanol
trans-2-bromo-1-methylcyclohexanol
-2c-Brom-1r-methyl-cyclohexanol-(1)
For the structure check the image.
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What is the bond order for O2-?
Answer: the order is 2
Explanation:the two in 02- is the answer from now on you well know the answer for questions like this on
How many electron pairs are present in a bond between two atoms is known as the bond order. A covalent bond between two atoms has a bond order of one for all single bonds, double bonds, triple bonds, quadruple bonds, and so forth.
O2 has a bond order of 2 and two unpaired electrons in its π* orbitals.
Over O2⁻, O2⁺ is more stable. Reason: O2+ has 15 electrons total, with one of those electrons in an antibonding orbital, according to the molecular orbital theory. There are 17 electrons in the case of O2 and 3 electrons are in antibonding orbitals. An unstable molecule results from having an excessive amount of electrons in antibonding orbitals.
Bond Order = (10 - 6) / 2
= 2
The O2 molecule is paramagnetic because it contains two unpaired electrons.
It possesses two unpaired electrons, and an octet can be completed with just two electrons. It doesn't have an unpaired electron because the other oxygen atom can share its two electrons with it. The molecule is described as being diamagnetic if there are no unpaired electrons. In a magnetic field, diamagnetic materials are repelled.
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suppose one could keep the rate of growth of new grains constant and increase the rate of nucleation. would the recrystallized grain size increase or decrease? motivate your answer
the recrystallized grain size will decreases on in the recrystallization reaction.
Recrystallization is a technique used to purify chemicals. This is done by dissolving a mixture of a compound and impurities in an appropriate solvent, the desired compound or impurities can be removed from the solution, leaving the other behind.
Recrystallization does not involve a chemical reaction. In this process the crude product is simply taken into solution, and then the conditions are changed in order to allow crystals to re-form. Recrystallization produces a much purer, final product at the end.
As in the above case given if rate of Nucleation increases keeping the rate of new grains growth constant, the ratio will increase and grain size will decrease.
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which criteria are important in determining the lewis structure for a molecule that is the greatest contributor to the resonance hybrid? select all that apply. g
The greatest contributor to the resonance hybrid is the resonance form with the smallest formal charges. The main resonance contributor is the one with the lowest energy. The question was incomplete, this is a general answer.
Resonance contributorsWe can write some Lewis structure for a molecule, differing only in the positions of the electrons. The most stable structure contributes the most to the resonance hybrid. Any of a set of Lewis structures that differ only in the distribution of electrons in covalent bonds and single pairs. the weighted average of the resonance contributors gives the hybrid resonance. It often occurs in structures when the double bond lies opposite the single bond and forms two identical Lewis structures. The point of this is that double bonds and single bonds from one molecular structure can move or exchange positions so as to form a structure that is identical to the previous molecular structure. For example on O₃ (ozone).
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elements combine in three general ways. in blank compounds, electrons are transferred from one element to the other, whereas in blank compounds, electrons are shared between atoms. third, in blank bonding, electrons are shared between a large number of atoms in an electron sea.
Elements combine in three general ways. In ionic compounds, electrons are transferred from one element to the other, whereas in covalent compounds, electrons are shared between atoms. Third, in metallic bonding, electrons are shared between a large number of atoms in an electron sea.
Ionic compounds are compounds in which a free electron is transferred to another atom and a bond is formed. Ionic bonds occur in metal ions.
In liquid compounds, covalent bonds are formed. In covalent bonds, electrons are shared with each other,
The third type of bond is the metallic bond. In this type of bond, atoms are packed tightly and a free electron pool travels in between them.
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A scuba diver's tank contains 1.47 moles of 02 and 5.53 moles of He at the end
of a dive. If the pressure of the gas mixture is 12.1 atm, what is the partial
pressure of He in the tank?
2.19 atm
2.54 atm
9.56 atm
15.3 atm
The partial pressure of He in the tank, given that the tank contains 1.47 mole of O₂ and 5.53 moles of He is 9.56 atm
How do I determine the partial pressure of He?To obatin the partial pressure of He in the tank, we'll begin by obtaining the mole fraction of He in the tank. This is illustrated below:
Mole of O₂ = 1.47 mole Mole of He = 5.53 moles Total mole = 1.47 + 5.53 = 7 molesMole fraction of He =?Mole fraction of He = Mole of He / total mole
Mole fraction of He = 5.53 / 7
Mole fraction of He = 0.79
Finally, we shall determne the partial pressure of He in the tank. Details below
Mole fraction of He = 0.79Total pressure of gas mixture = 12.1 atmPartial pressure of He =?Partial pressure of He = mole fraction of He × total pressure
Partial pressure of He = 0.79 × 12.1
Partial pressure of He = 9.56 atm
Thus, we can conclude that the partial pressure of He is 9.56 atm
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Question 1-1
Which word most accurately represents a medium?
A.radio
B.sound
C.space
D.time
Answer: C.Space
Explanation:
I had this question, so it should be correct.
if a sample of rock contains 0.009 percent gold by mass, how much nacn is needed to extract the gold
A particular ore employed in this study needed a concentration of 100 g/L (200 lb/st solution or 600 lb/st ore) NaCN to extract gold at a rate of over 90 percent.
In how much cyanide does gold mining take place?Since the 1970s, cyanide leaching, often known as "cyanidation," has been the main method used to extract gold. In this method, sodium cyanide is used to selectively dissolve gold from ore in a solution that contains between 100 and 500 parts per million, or 0.01% and 0.05% cyanide.
Where is cyanide most prevalent?Certain bacteria, fungus, and algae can generate cyanides. Additionally, cyanides can be found in things like tapioca, spinach, bamboo shoots, almonds, lima beans, fruit pits, and car exhaust.
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a large beaker of water is placed on a scale, and the scale reads 40 n. a block of wood with a weight of 10 n is then placed in the beaker. it floats with exactly half of its volume submerged. assuming that none of the water spilled out of the beaker when the block was added, what does the scale read now?
Assuming that none of the water spilled out of the beaker when the block was added, then the scale reads 50 N.
What is buoyancy?Buoyancy is also called as upthrust. It is an upward force exerted by a fluid that opposes the weight of a partially/ fully immersed object. In column of fluid, pressure increases with depth due to the weight of the overlying fluid.
Given that scale reads 40 N
A block of wood of weight 10 N is placed in beaker,
Now, the scale will read 50 N as it has the weight of both water and wood. No water is spilled out of beaker when block was added and wood is also present .
Now, total reading on scale is 40+10 =50 N
Although effective weight of wood is less as buoyancy is acting on it.
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Which of the following ionic compounds has the highest (most negative) lattice energy? SrF2 MgF2 SrI2 KCl NaF LiF CaCl2
Highest lattice energy present in MgF₂.
Ionic compounds having following properties has highest lattice energy.
(i) Ions having small radii
(ii) Compound having high charge
KCl, NaF and LiF all are +1 and -1 charges respectively
But in SrF₂, MgF₂ and CaCl₂ , each cation is dipositive
But size order of cations is:
Mg < Ca< Sr
Thus, Answer is MgF₂.
In chemistry, the lattice energy is the energy exchange upon formation of one mole of a crystalline ionic compound from its constituent ions, which can be assumed to initially be within the gaseous kingdom. It's far a measure of the cohesive forces that bind ionic solids.
Lattice energy may be described because the energy required to transform one mole of an ionic stable into gaseous ionic parts. Alternatively, it may be described as the power that ought to be provided to one mole of an ionic crystal with a purpose to separate it into gaseous ions in a vacuum thru an endothermic system.
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The characteristics of two unknown intermolecular forces, C and D, are compared in the table.
Intermolecular Forces
C D
Occurs between polar asymmetrical molecules Occurs between non-polar or polar symmetric molecules
Which of the following conclusions about the two intermolecular forces is correct?
a
C represents ion-dipole forces, and D represents dipole-dipole forces
b
C represents dipole-dipole forces, and D represents London dispersion forces
c
C represents London dispersion forces, and D represents ion-dipole forces
d
C represents hydrogen bonding, and D represents London dispersion forces
Answer: represents London dispersion force and B represents hydrogen bonding
Explanation:
What conditions existed for this type of fossil to form
must be dead and must be brokin down in the exacto form It must be
the elements phosphorous and oxygen have their percentage composition to be 43.64% and 56.36% calculate the empirical formula
The empirical formula of the compound would be [tex]P_2O_5[/tex].
What is the empirical formula?The empirical formula of a compound is the chemical formula of the compound based on the simplest whole-number ratio of its component atoms.
The compound in question contains phosphorus, P, and oxygen, O.
P = 43.64
O = 56.36
First, let's find the moles of each atom by dividing their percentage composition by their respective molar weights.
P = 43.64/30.97
= 1.4
O = 56.36/16
= 3.5
Next would be to divide the moles by the smallest mole.
P = 1.4/1.4
= 1
O = 3.5/1.4
= 2.5
Thus, the smallest, whole-number ratio of the two atoms would be 2:5. In other words, the empirical formula of the compound is [tex]P_2O_5[/tex].
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what is the molarity of 25 ml an acetic acid solution that contains 0.02 moles? report your answer to three decimal places.
Answer:
0.800M
Explanation:
First, convert mL to liters:
25mL x 1L/1000mL = 0.025 L
Molarity means mol/L, so divide number of mol by L:
0.02mol/0.025L = 0.8M
Add decimal places:
0.800M
The molarity is an important method which is used to calculate the concentration of a solution. The molarity of 25 ml an acetic acid solution that contains 0.02 moles is 0.8 mol L⁻¹.
What is molarity?The molarity of a solution is defined as the number of moles of the solute present per litre of the solution. It can be represented as 'M' and the unit of molarity is mol L⁻¹. It is usually employed in a binary solution.
The equation used to calculate the molarity is:
Molarity = Number of moles of the solute / Volume of the solution in litres
Here number of moles = 0.02 moles
Here 1 L = 1000 mL
Volume = 25 ml = 0.025 L
M = 0.02 / 0.025
M = 0.8 mol L⁻¹
Thus the molarity of the solution is 0.8 mol L⁻¹.
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How many grams of copper are in
3.42 moles of copper? The molar
mass of copper is 63.55 g/mol.
Explanation:
Answer : The mass of copper is 217.3 grams.
Explanation : Given,
Moles of copper = 3.42 mole
Molar mass of copper = 63.55 g/mole
Formula used :
Now put all the given values in this formula, we get:
Therefore, the mass of copper is 217.3 grams.
How does the parathyroid gland respond if blood calcium drops below a certain level?
a) By releasing less hormone.
b) By releasing more hormone.
c) By abruptly releasing less hormone.
d) By abruptly releasing large amounts of hormone.
A certain cation has five atoms and an overall charge of +1. Which of the following combinations of tformal charges on the five atoms is indicative of the "best" Lewis
structure?
O-1, +1, 0, 0, +1
O 0, 0, 0, +1,0
O 0, 0, 0, +2, -1
O 0, 0, 0, 0, 0
FCC unit cell consist of O,0,0,0,+1,0 atom.
What is atom?
Each atom is made up of a nucleus one and or more electrons that are bound to it. One or even more protons and a significant number of neutrons make up the nucleus. Only the most prevalent type of hydrogen is neutron-free. Atoms that are neutral or ionised make up every solid, liquid, gas, as well as form of plasma. Atoms are incredibly tiny, measuring typically 100 picometers across. Due to quantum effects, they are so small that it is impossible to predict their behaviour with sufficient accuracy using classical physics, as would be the case, for example, if they were tennis balls.
FCC stand as a face centred cubic unit cell structure
Consists of atom arrange in a cube where is corner of the cube has a friction of an atom with 6 additional fool at terms situated at the middle of every cube.
cube has 8 corners and 6 faces
Each atom at the corner contributes 1/8 of itself to a particular cubic crystal lattice.
A 8 atoms × 1/8 = 1 Atom ( at corners)
Each atom at a face centre contributes 1/2 of itself to a particular cubic crystal lattice.
6 atom × 1/2 = 3 atoms
Total atoms in a fcc lattice is 4 atoms.
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4. A chemist is analyzing a sample of an unknown gas. A 0.240-gram sample of a gas has a volume of 336 mL when measured under a pressure of 1520 mm Hg at 273 °C. Find the molecular weight (molar mass
1 g is molecular weight or atomic mass of hydrogen. when a 0.240-gram sample of a gas has a volume of 336 mL when measured under a pressure of 1520 mm Hg at 273 °C
volume=336 mL
pressure= 1520 mm
temperature=546 K
given mass, m=0.240-gram
M=(molar mass
R= 8.2
PV=mRT/M
M=mRT/PV
M=1074/51072
M=1 g
The quantity of substance that makes up an element's atom is known as its atomic mass. One-twelfth of the mass of the carbon-12 atom, with an assigned atomic mass of 12 units, is expressed as a multiple of 1.992646547 1023 gram, or in other words, 1.992646547 gram. One atomic mass unit is equivalent to 1.660539040 1024 grams on this scale (amu). The atomic mass unit is sometimes referred to as the dalton in honor of English scientist John Dalton (Da).
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When 0. 4g of zinc trioxocarbonate (IV) reacted with dilute hydrochloric acid, zin chloride wa produced and carbon (IV) oxide evolved if the reaction took 2minute. What wa the rate of the reaction
The rate of reaction when 0. 4g of zinc trioxocarbonate (IV) reacted with dilute hydrochloric acid, zin chloride was produced and carbon (IV) oxide evolved if the reaction took 2minute is 0.0016 mol/min
The rate of reaction is the time taken for product molecules to appear or the time taken for reactant molecule to be converted and the rate of reaction = mole of product formed/time taken
And the equation of the reaction is
ZnCO₃ + 2HCl → ZnCl₂ + H₂O + CO₂
And the molar mass of zinc carbonate = 125.39 = 8g/mol
Mole of zinc carbonate converted = 0.4/125.38
Time taken = 2 min
Rate of reaction = 0.0032/2
Rate of reaction = 0.0016 mol/min
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Write two half‑reactions to describe each of these metal displacement reactions. Include phase symbols. Mg(s)+cobr2(aq)⟶mgbr2(aq)+co(s).
The two half reaction for the displacement reactions are the oxidation and reduction reactions.
A displacement reaction is the one where the atoms or the set of atoms is been displaced by another atom in a molecule of the compound. For example, when iron is added to a copper sulphate solution, it displaces the copper metal. A + B-C → A-C + B.
An oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction is a type of chemical reaction that generally involves a transfer of electrons between any two species. An oxidation-reduction reaction is any chemical reaction in which the oxidation number of a molecule, atom, or ion changes by gaining or losing an electron.
Mg → [tex]Mg^{2+}[/tex]+ 2e- Oxidation half reaction
[tex]Co^{2+}[/tex]+2e- → Co - Reduction half reaction
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if a food dye has an absorbance value of 1.00 at 598 nm when a 1.074x10-5 m sample was measured in a 1 cm cuvette, what can the dye's molar absorptivity, in m-1cm-1, be estimated as?
Each solution contains a different dye concentration in moles. Utilize your measured absorbance values and the Beer-Lambert Law equation (A = bc).
A 1 molar solution is what?In order to create a 1 molar (M) solution, 1.0 GMW of the chemical must be dissolved in 1 liter of water. 58.44 g make up a 1M solution of NaCl. Example: Enzyme histochemistry routinely employs HCl.
What does molar unit mean?The most common unit for molarity in chemistry is the number of moles per liter, given by the unit sign mol/L or moldm3 in SI units. One molar, or 1 M, of a solution's content is defined as one mol/L.
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Element X is an element in period 5. Identify X given that in the molecule XF2, it exhibits hybridization sp3. Indicate the symbol and not the name of the element. Explain.
Group 5 Element X in the molecule XF2 is Sb.
Periodic table is the arrangement of the row and columns of the chemical elements. In the periodic table, period 5 contain 18 elements. These are Rb, sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Tc,Ru,Rh,Pd,Ag,Cd,In,Sn,Sb,Te,I,Xe.
The Sb atoms are hybridizes with sp3 to form a stable hexagon ring structure. Sb can act as a central atom in SbF2. In this structure it is bonded with 3 F molecule. This has no lone pair of electrons. Sb is a toxic chemical element. Its atomic number is 51.this is the additives for chlorine and bromine found in many commercial and domestic products.it improves the properties of the alloy.
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calculate the amount of heat needed to boil of octane (), beginning from a temperature of . be sure your answer has a unit symbol and the correct number of significant digits.'
The amount of heat needed is 85.0 kJ.
Melting point determination is the most commonly used thermal analysis to characterize solid crystalline materials. It is used in R&D and quality control in various industries to identify solid crystalline substances and to ensure their purity. The heat capacity ratio is calculated by dividing the heat capacity at constant pressure by the heat capacity at constant volume.
Calculation
mass = 111g
temperature = 25.1⁰C.
Heat = msT
= 85.0 kJ.
Specific heat is the amount of heat required to raise 1 gram of a substance by 1 degree Celsius or Kelvin. The enthalpy change is given and the symbol indicates the enthalpy change. The heat of formation and heat of reaction are two forms of enthalpy. The boiling points of liquids can be determined using the capillary method. In this method a reverse capillary tube is placed in the liquid of interest and the liquid is heated.
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Disclaimer:- your question is incomplete, please see below for the complete question.
Calculate the amount of heat needed to boil 111 g of octane (C8H18), beginning from a temperature of 25.1⁰C. be sure your answer has a unit symbol and the correct number of significant digits.