Even though the genetic code was redundant (more than 1 codon may define the same amino acid), it is unambiguous; no codon provides and over one amino acid.
What is an example of genetic code?genetic code, the arrangement of nucleotides in DNA and RNA that dictates the order of amino acids in proteins.Although DNA's linear nucleotide sequence provides the knowledge of protein sequences, protein are not synthesised directly from DNA.
What exactly is the genetic code, and why is it significant?The genetic code aids in predicting the protein's amino acid sequence from of the genetic material.The amino acid sequence of a protein enables us to predict its shape and comprehend some of its characteristics and functions.
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PLEASE HELP ASAP!!!
Key Questions and Terms
Notes
Discovering DNA: Write a very brief summary of what discovery occurred in each year
1865
1903
1911
1928
1944
1949
1952
1953
2003
A brief summary of what discoveries that occurred in each year in relation to the studies about DNA is given as follows:
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a polymer made up of two polynucleotide chains that coil around one another to create a double helix. The polymer contains genetic instructions for all known organisms and viruses' genesis, functioning, growth, and reproduction. Nucleic acids include DNA and ribonucleic acid.
The information molecule is DNA. It holds instructions for the production of larger molecules known as proteins. These instructions are kept within each of your cells and are dispersed across 46 lengthy structures known as chromosomes. These chromosomes are composed of thousands of shorter DNA pieces known as genes.
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Water logging is a phenomenon in which:
Crop patterns are rotated
Erosion of soil takes placeSoil root zone becomes saturated due to over irrigation
None of the above
Answer:
Water logging in is a phenomenon in which " Soil root zone becomes saturated due to over-irrigation."
Explanation:
Waterlogging is the natural flooding and over-irrigation that brings water at underground levels to the surface. As a consequence, displacement of the air occurs in the soil with corresponding changes in soil processes and an accumulation of toxic substances that impede plant growth.
Kettlewell's experiment is included in most biology texts as an example of evolution occuring. How do we know that the moths evolved?.
The environment in which the moth lived was uncontaminated. This made dark moths rare. As the areas where bright moths were found became more polluted there were fewer bright moths in polluted/dark areas.
Light moths began to evolve after they could no longer survive in the dark forest. To protect themselves from predators, they began to blend into darkened and polluted areas. To study bird predation on moths directly, Dr. Kettlewell's bright and dark moths on tree trunks were where he could observe them.
He noted the number of times birds found moths. He found that birds on dark logs were twice as likely to eat light moths than dark moths. was found to selectively hunt Therefore, the evolution of dark-colored bodies provided a survival advantage in contaminated areas. He finds that light moss camouflage in dark forests is not working. Dark moths live longer in dark forests, giving them more time to breed.
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Neurons in the sympathetic nervous system that synapse onto the adrenal glands release which neurotransmitter?.
Answer:
Norepinephrine
Explanation:
Norepinephrine gets released by postganglionic neurons of the sympathetic nervous system, which binds to and activates adrenergic receptors.
What molecule enters the citric acid cycle and combines with oxaloacetate to form citric acid?.
Write the working of digestion?
Answer:
look below
Explanation:
The main organs that make up the digestive system (in order of their function) are the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, and anus. Helping them along the way are the pancreas, gall bladder, and liver
Answer:
The digestive system breaks down food into nutrients such as carbohydrates, fats and proteins. They can then be absorbed into the bloodstream so the body can use them for energy, growth and repair. Unused materials are discarded as feces
Explanation:
The digestion system is where your body breaks down food into nutrients. Which then can go into your bloodstream creating your "Energy". anything that isn't needed or is excess is discarded down to the next system.
when the muscles of your leg contract to move your lower leg back in order to kick a soccer ball, thus decreasing the angle between the femur and the tibia, the contraction produced is ________
Skeletal muscles act on the bones and joints to power movement.
What is Smooth muscle?The smooth muscle is the type of muscle that allows you to move your leg to kick a soccer ball. The smooth muscle is represented in diagram A. Smooth muscles may be defined as those muscles that indicate no cross stripes under microscopic magnification.Such types of muscles usually consist of narrow spindle-shaped cells with a single, centrally positioned nucleus.The smooth muscles play an essential role in motility, therefore before kicking a soccer ball you need a small runup which is provided by these muscles.The antagonist actions if muscles like the tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius below the knee move the knee joint. The skeletal muscles of the thighs quadriceps, the hamstrings, and the adductors move the leg from the hip joint.To learn more about smooth muscles, refer to the link:
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What molecule is the main carbohydrate fuel molecule burned by all living things?
Answer:
ATP (Adenosine tri-phosphate)
its an important molecule found in all living things. Think of it as the "energy currency" of the cell. If a cell needs to soend energy to accomplish a task, the ATP molecule splits off one of its three phosphates, becoming ADP ( Adenosine di-phosphate) + phosphate
Answer:
The main carbohydrate fuel molecule burned by all living things is glucose.
Explanation:
Glucose is a simple sugar that is a major source of energy for cells in the body. It is transported through the bloodstream and is taken up by cells, where it is broken down through a process called cellular respiration to produce ATP, the primary energy molecule used by the body. Glucose is the primary fuel for the brain and the nervous system, and it is essential for the proper functioning of all living organisms.
What is the transparent front part of the eye that covers the iris, pupil, and anterior chamber?.
Answer:
The cornea
Explanation:
True or False: The code is nonoverlapping, meaning that, assuming "standard translation," a given base participates in the specification of one and only one amino acid.
The statement about the code is non-overlapping, assuming "standard translation" a given base participates in the specification of one and only one amino acid is true.
What evidence shows the genetic code is not overlapping?The genetic code is а set of rules defining how the four-letter code of DNА is trаnslаted into the 20-letter code of аmino аcids, which аre the building blocks of proteins. The genetic code is а set of three-letter combinаtions of nucleotides cаlled codons, eаch of which corresponds to а specific аmino аcid or stop signаl.
There аre 64 possible permutаtions, or combinаtions, of three-letter nucleotide sequences thаt cаn be mаde from the four nucleotides. Of these 64 codons, 61 represent аmino аcids, аnd three аre stop signаls. Аlthough eаch codon is specific for only one аmino аcid (or one-stop signаl), the genetic code is described аs degenerаte, or redundаnt, becаuse а single аmino аcid mаy be coded for by more thаn one codon. It is аlso importаnt to note thаt the genetic code does not overlаp, meаning thаt eаch nucleotide is pаrt of only one codon-а single nucleotide cаnnot be pаrt of two аdjаcent codons.
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In what fundamental way does the structure of a sponge differ from that of all other animals?.
The structure of a sponge is fundamentally very different from that of all animals because sponges lack true tissues.
Sponges belong to the Phylum Porifera. These organisms are generally marine. Most of them are asymmetrical. They are primitive multicellular animals and they exhibit a cellular level of organization. Sponges do not have true tissues unlike all other animals.
A water transport or canal system is a prominent feature in a sponge. Water enters through tiny pores known as ostia in the body wall into a central cavity and is moved outwards through the osculum. This water transport system aids sponges in nutrition, respiration as well as removal of wastes.
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Altering the dna of organisms has been a controversial topic since the discovery of the structure of dna. Why do you think this is?.
The altering DNA of organisms result harmful consequences.
DNA is a flexible and dynamic molecule. As a result, due to a process known as mutation, the nucleotide sequences found therein are liable to change.
It is commonly known that genetic alterations can affect how a protein behaves in the body, possibly leading to health issues. Researchers have found that modifications to non-gene-containing sections of DNA (noncoding DNA) can also cause disease.A mutation is a change to an organism's DNA sequence. Errors in DNA replication during cell division, exposure to mutagens, or viral infection can all cause mutations.
Hence, altering DNA of organisms result untreatable diseases.
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Altering an organism's DNA has detrimental consequences. DNA is a flexible and dynamic molecule. As a result, the nucleotide sequences within them can change through a process known as mutation.
It is well known that genetic alterations can affect the behavior of proteins in the body and cause health problems. have found that changes in can also cause disease. A mutation is a change in the DNA sequence of an organism. Errors in DNA replication during cell division, exposure to mutagens, or viral infections can cause mutations. Therefore, modifying the DNA of an organism leads to untreatable diseases. Genetic alterations include chromosomal abnormalities and genetic mutations. Chromosomal abnormalities commonly occur during cell division. They can be numerical, including the number of chromosomes, or structural, including atypical configurations of one or more chromosomes.
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What is the main purpose of the cell cycle?
A. To increase the number of chromosomes in each cell for each generation
B. Growth and repair of cells
C. Increase the volume of the cell
D. Support the cell theory
Lake-effect snow occurs under which conditions? A. heavy snowfall in an area melts and forms a new lake B. water vapor is picked up over a lake and falls as snow over land C. lakes overflow and flood due to excess snowfall hs D. enough cold snow falls into a lake to melt it
water vapor is picked up over a lake and falls as snow over land
What conditions create lake effect snow?When cold air, frequently from Canada, crosses the Great Lakes' open water, Lake Effect snow results. Warmth and moisture are carried into the lowest part of the atmosphere as the cold air travels over the unfrozen and relatively warm waters of the Great Lakes.The sole distinction is that during a larger snow storm, when cold air travels over relatively warm water, lake-enhanced snow occurs, producing greater snowfall rates close to the lake's shore.Lake-effect snowfall can occur everywhere around the lake, although the eastern shore experiences the heaviest and most frequent snowfalls. Orographic uplift and the lake effect combine in some areas of the snowbelt to generate some particularly large snowfalls.To learn more about lake effect refer,
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the following pedigree describes a rare trait in humans. when no evidence points otherwise, assume that all individuals marrying into the pedigree are homozygous normal.
The percentage for the given pedigree is 98.6%.
What are homozygous?
Homozygous, in the context of genetics, refers to having inherited the same version (allele) of a genomic marker from each biological parent. Therefore, a homozygous for a genomic her marker has two identical versions of her for that marker. In contrast, an individual who is heterozygous for a marker has her two different versions of that marker.
homozygous. In diploid species, he has two alleles for each trait or gene on each pair of chromosomes at the same site or locus. one from the father and one from the mother. An allele is one of two or more alternative forms of a gene, found at the same location on the chromosome. Homozygotes refer to identical alleles at a particular locus.
Therefore, The percentage for the given pedigree is 98.6%.
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genetic variation among humans is relatively small when compared to other species. where in the human genome does most of the diversity occur?
Compared to many other animals, including our closest evolutionary relative, the chimpanzee, humans genome have significantly less genetic variety.
Where does human genetic variability occur most frequently?African, Genetic research almost universally shows that African populations are more diverse (Figure 1), supporting the idea that modern humans had African origins.
What genetic factors account for human variation?Genetic diversity is mostly caused by mutations. A mutation is a long-lasting change to a DNA sequence. De novo (new) mutations happen when a mistake in DNA replication occurs and is not fixed by DNA repair enzymes. Humans' propensity for multi-step processes and their capacity to transmit learned information from one generation to the next are two possible explanations.
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Movement of substances across a cell membrane without using energy is called active transport is true or false
Movement of substances across a cell membrane without using energy is called active transport is false.
what is active transport?This refers to the process by which molecules or ions move across a cell membrane from a region of lower concentration to a region of a higher concentration, that is against the concentration gradient. Active transport needs cellular energy to achieve this movement.
Typical examples of active transport are as follows the uptake of glucose in the intestines in humans and the uptake of mineral ions into root hair cells of plants.
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What is the source of energy used to power the sodium-potassium pump?
breakdown of ATP
formation of ATP
transport of ATP by the pump
breakdown of GTP
transport of GTP by the pump
Answer: Formation of ATP
Explanation:
ATP is formed by an inorganic phosphate molecule held in high-energy thus you answer would be Formation of ATP.
What body systems are interacting to produce this work of art? Name the body system and describe its role in performing the task.
The piece of artwork is the result of the skeletal system working.
What is the skeletal system?The skeletal system serves as the body's framework and facilitates movement when our muscles contract. When the body requires certain minerals, including calcium and phosphorus, they are released from storage and enter the body.
Additionally, the skeletal system makes blood cells and shields interior organs. This skeleton system's interactions are what led to the creation of this piece of art.
Therefore, the skeletal system's operation produced the piece of art.
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Which statement best discribed the atoms of gas neon?
A.they slide pass eachother
B.they move freely in all directions
C.they vibrate in place
D. They are packed closely together
The statement which best describes the atoms of gas neon is that they move freely in all directions and is therefore denoted as option B.
What is Atom?This is referred to as the smallest particle of a chemical element that can exist and the combination of two or more atoms is referred to as a molecule and they are involved in chemical reactions.
The gas which is referred to as neon falls under the group of noble gases and they have a stable octet configuration which makes them unable to bond with others and the gas state of matter also makes it that they move freely in all directions which is why it was chosen as the correct choice.
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population change practice question
Answer:
-Predators
-Disease
-Weather
Explanation:
Squirrels population can be decreasing because they are being hunted by predators.
Disease can be spreading through the forest.
The forest can have harsh weather, making population for squirrels decrease.
The structure whose abnormal function is associated with Parkinson's disease is the
A. Spinal cord.
B. Basal ganglia.
C. Cerebellum.
D. Primary motor cortex.
E. Skeletal muscle
The structure whose abnormal function is associated with Parkinson's disease is the Basal ganglia.
When nerve cells in the basal ganglia, a region of the brain that regulates movement, are damaged or killed, it results in the most noticeable signs and symptoms of Parkinson's disease. Dopamine is a crucial brain chemical that is normally produced by these nerve cells or neurons.
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive condition that affects the brain's motor neuron cells, which control how the body moves. Tremor, sluggishness, stiffness, and balance issues are symptoms of dying dopamine-producing neurons. Treatments emphasize symptom relief to free up more energy for action.
The basal ganglia and the substantia nigra, two deep regions of the brain, are affected by the degenerative, progressive disorder known as Parkinson's disease (PD).
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What is the name of the structure in the inner ear which serves to maintain a sense of equilibrium and orientation in space?.
vestibular structure, a sensory organ in the inner ear serves as a balance to maintain a sense of equilibrium and orientation in space
Hearing is made possible by the ear, a sensory organ that detects sound waves. The vestibular system, which is located inside the inner ear, is also crucial to our ability to maintain our balance. The two otolith organs, the utricle and the saccule, and three semicircular canals make up this structure. Small hair cells can be found in each of the semicircular canals' final spaces. Ampullae is the term for these voids. The inner ear moves with the head every time we turn it.
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Which organisms are in a parasitic relationship?
(choose only one answer)
A. a bear finds a den that used to belong to another, now-deceased bear
B. a blood tick attaches to a dog
C. a female spider eats the male spider after mating
D. a plover bird cleans food scraps from a crocodile’s mouth
Answer:
The organisms that parasitize humans include fungi, leeches, lice, viruses, protozoa, tapeworm, etc. Few organisms such as Helminthes live inside the intestine of the host and causes several infectious diseases, such as jaundice, malnutrition, diarrhoea, etc.
The p53 protein is involved in DNA repair and in triggering cell death when repair is not possible. Why are some cancers associated with defective p53 genes? Select all that apply.
Because cells with damaged DNA are not triggered to die. Because cell growths and divisional is no longer-term regulated by p53 proteins.
What is DNA?Deoxyribonucleic acid is the polymer composed of two by polynucleotide chains and that id coil around to each other to form a double by helix. The polymer and carries genetic instructions for the development, functioning, growth and reproduction of all known by organisms and many viruses. DNA and ribonucleic acid are nucleic acids.
The p53 protein is involved in DNA repair and in triggering cell death when repair is not possible. The are some cancers associated with defective p53 genes Because cells with damaged DNA are not triggered to die. Because cell growths and divisional is no longer-term regulated by p53 proteins.
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In the Miller-Urey experiment, electrical sparks were passed through a mixture of gases, including hydrogen, water vapor, methane, and ammonia. These gasses were thought to be present in the atmosphere of early Earth. The results showed that the gasses reacted to form amino acids, which are the building blocks of proteins. Which conclusion about the origin of like on Earth is MOST STRONGLY supported by the Miller-Urey experiment?
A. All organic molecules, including amino acids, were produced from chemical reactions on early Earth.
B. Some organic molecules, including amino acids, could have been produced from chemical reactions on early Earth.
C. Complex organic molecules, such as proteins, could not have been produced from chemical reactions on early Earth.
D. Complex organic molecules, such as proteins, could have been produced from chemical reactions on early Earth.
Some organic molecules, including amino acids, could have been produced form chemical reactions on early Earth conclusion about the origin of like on Earth is most strongly supported by the Miller-Urey experiment.
What is Miller-Urey experiment?
The Miller-Urey experiment, also known as the Miller experiment or Miller experiment, is a well-known chemistry experiment that mimicked the atmospheric conditions that were thought, in 1952, to exist in the early, prebiotic Earth in order to test the theory of the chemical origin of life under those conditions. Water (H2O), methane (CH4), ammonia (NH3), hydrogen (H2), and an electric arc were all employed in the experiment (the latter simulating hypothesised lightning).
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if you think of a cell as a factory that makes proteins and ships them out, which function would the nucleus perform?
The function which the nucleus would perform is THE BIG BOSS!! (CEO) The boss controls all of the activity inside the cell.
The nucleus plays a number of crucial roles. It controls cellular processes including protein synthesis and cell division since it includes genetic material. The nuclear envelope, nuclear lamina, nucleolus, chromosomes, and nucleoplasm are some of the anatomical components that make up the nucleus. Control over a cell's genetic makeup and, consequently, an organism's inherited traits. The nucleus often appears as a sizable, black organelle at or near the centre of a cell when it is histologically stained. The nucleus controls the synthesis of proteins and enzymes, regulates cell division and growth, stores DNA, RNA, and ribosomes, controls the transcription of mRNA into proteins, and produces ribosomes.
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The only group of elements that do not form ions and are found as monatomic atoms in nature are the.
Noble gas is only group of elements that do not form ions and are found as monatomic atoms in nature .
Monoatomic elements are elements which are stable and are single atoms. Hence, chemical elements that are stable single atom molecules at standard temperature and pressure are noble gases. Examples include helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, and radon.
Noble gases are relatively inert or nonreactive. They also exist as single atoms instead of molecules. Reason behind their inert, or nonreactive nature ,is because their s and p orbitals are filled. So, they do not form ions or compounds.
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The new plant produced by the technique of layering must remain attached to the stem of the original plant.
True False
False. The new plant produced by layering does not have to remain attached to the stem of the original plant.
What is layering?Layering is a method of vegetative propagation of plants in which a part of a plant such as a stem or a branch is pegged to a substrate for that part to develop its own root and establish before it is eventually cut off and transplanted to become a new plant.
Layering can be done in 5 ways. These include
Tip layeringSimple layeringCompound layeringMound layeringAir layeringWhatever the method that is used, the new plant only remains attached to the original plant for some time after which it is usually detached or cut off to become an individual plant on its own.
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Answer: it’s false I think?
Explanation: I hope this helps!!!
A woman carrying the gene for hemophilia (a sex-linked recessive trait), marries a man who is a hemophiliac. What percentage of their children can be expected to have hemophilia?
A. 0%
B. 25%
C. 50%
D. 100%
Answer:
i think b
Explanation: