A light shines on a metal surface but no electrons are observed to be leaving. What would we need to do experimentally to eject electrons from the surface?.

According to the given statement the complete dissociation of ionic compounds is C₆H₁₂O₆ < NaCl ≈ CH₃OH < MgCl₂.

A composite is a material created by the chemical fusion of two or more elements. Bonds and metallic bonding are two typical forms of bonds that hold components in a compound together. Any synthesis will always include each ingredient in a specific ratio.

The formula for osmotic pressure (Π) is

Π = icRT

If T is constant,

Π = kic

C₆H₁₂O₆:

Π

= k × 1 × 1 = k

MgCl₂:

Π

= k × 3 × 1 = 3k

CH₃OH:

Π

= k × 1 × 2 = 2k

NaCl:

Π

= k  × 2 × 1 = 2k

The order of osmotic pressures is  

C₆H₁₂O₆ < NaCl ≈ CH₃OH < MgCl₂

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The complete question is -

The following solutions are prepared by dissolving the requisite amount of solute in water to obtain the desired concentrations. Rank the solutions according to their respective osmotic pressures in decreasing order assuming the complete dissociation of ionic compounds. Rank from highest to lowest osmotic pressure. To rank items as equivalent, overlap them. 1M C6H12O6, 1M MgCl2, 2M CH3OH, 1M NaCl

As a result, we already have one bond. We require three lone pairs of electrons for the oxygen to have a negative one formal charge.

Three unpaired electrons and one non-bonding lone pair on the oxygen can be utilized to make bonds with three hydrogen atoms.

An oxygen atom has three valence electron pairs since it has six valence shell electrons. Since oxygen creates two bonds, we know that two electrons are required to create those two bonds. There are now just two electron pairs remaining that are not involved in bonding.

There are three valence electron pairs in an oxygen since it has six valence shell electrons.

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The Bronsted-Lowry acid, base and the conjugate acid, and the conjugate base in each of the following reactions are mentioned below serially:

Bronsted-Lowry acid                                  Bronsted-Lowry base

HNO₃                                                           H₂O

H₂O                                                              NH₃

H₂SO₄                                                          OH⁻

H₂O                                                              C₂H₃O₂⁻

H₂PO₄⁻                                                         OH⁻

H₃O⁺                                                             H₂PO₄⁻

HCO₃⁻                                                           H₂O

H₂O                                                               HCO₃⁻

Conjugate acid:                                           Conjugate base:

H₃O⁺                                                             NO₃⁻

NH₄⁺                                                             OH⁻

H₂O                                                              HSO₄⁻

HC₂H₃O₂⁻                                                    OH⁻

H₂O                                                              HPO₄²⁻

H₃PO₄                                                          H₂O

H₃O⁺                                                            CO₃²⁻

H₂CO₃                                                          OH⁻

Bronsted-Lowry acids are substances that donate protons or H+ ions to other compounds to form conjugate bases. Bronsted-Lowry bases are substances that accept protons or H+ ions from other compounds to form conjugate acids.

For the given reactions:

a. HNO₃ + H₂O <---> H₃O⁺ + NO₃⁻

Bronsted-Lowry acid: HNO₃

Bronsted-Lowry base: H₂O

Conjugate acid: H₃O⁺

Conjugate base: NO₃⁻

b. NH₃ + H₂O <---> NH₄⁺ + OH⁻

Bronsted-Lowry acid: H₂O

Bronsted-Lowry base: NH₃

Conjugate acid: NH₄⁺

Conjugate base: OH⁻

c. H₂SO₄ + OH⁻ <---> HSO₄⁻ + H₂O

Bronsted-Lowry acid: H₂SO₄

Bronsted-Lowry base: OH⁻

Conjugate acid: H₂O

Conjugate base: HSO₄⁻

d. C₂H₃O₂⁻ + H₂O <---> OH⁻ + HC₂H₃O₂

Bronsted-Lowry acid: H₂O

Bronsted-Lowry base: C₂H₃O₂⁻

Conjugate acid: HC₂H₃O₂⁻

Conjugate base: OH⁻

e. H₂PO₄⁻ + OH⁻ <---> HPO₄²⁻ + H₂O

Bronsted-Lowry acid: H₂PO₄⁻

Bronsted-Lowry base: OH⁻

Conjugate acid: H₂O

Conjugate base: HPO₄²⁻

f. H₂PO₄⁻ + H₃O⁺ <---> H₃PO₄ + H₂O

Bronsted-Lowry acid: H₃O⁺

Bronsted-Lowry base: H₂PO₄⁻

Conjugate acid: H₃PO₄

Conjugate base: H₂O

g. HCO₃⁻ + H₂O <---> H₃O⁺ + CO₃²⁻

Bronsted-Lowry acid: HCO₃⁻

Bronsted-Lowry base: H₂O

Conjugate acid: H₃O⁺

Conjugate base: CO₃²⁻

h. HCO₃⁻ + H₂O <---> H₂CO₃ + OH⁻

Bronsted-Lowry acid: H₂O

Bronsted-Lowry base: HCO₃⁻

Conjugate acid: H₂CO₃

Conjugate base: OH⁻

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It is important to conduct multiple trials of an investigation to determine the melting point of ice in order to ensure accuracy and to account for any small variations or errors that may occur.

What is investigation?
Finding the response to a question using a variety of research techniques is the process of conducting a scientific investigation. An investigation typically starts when a person observes their surroundings and poses questions they are unsure of the answers to. After that, they conduct additional observations or design an experiment to verify a theory. The researcher could indeed present findings that make an attempt to address their questions by gathering and analysing data. The experiment may be changed by the researcher to test for variables they hadn't originally thought of. A scientific investigation's primary goal is to advance knowledge. Researchers can discover explanations for natural phenomena through research and experimentation, and they can then use their discoveries to address issues in the real world.

Melting point is an important physical property of a substance and accurate measurements are necessary for many scientific experiments. Conducting multiple trials and averaging the results will help to reduce the impact of any errors and ensure the most accurate measurement of the melting point.

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Electrical Bonding Evidence Quick Check:

1. Melting point, boiling point, surface tension, and vapor pressure (D)

2. Deciding on the appropriate equipment (C)

3. Mix ice with water until equilibrium is reached but some ice remains that is no longer melting (B)

4. It ensures that results are accurate (A)

5. The student should take the average of the results from all four trials (D)

------------

These are all 100%! I just took the test and all my answers were correct! Hope this helps you <3

HOMOGENEOUS

✔️ 1. flat soda pop

✔️ 2. cherry vanilla ice cream

✔️ 3. salad dressing

✔️ 4. sugar

HETEROGENEOUS

5. soil

aluminum foil

black coffee

Homogeneous substances and mixtures are uniform in composition and have the same properties throughout. Heterogeneous substances and mixtures are not uniform in composition and can have different properties in different parts.

Flat soda pop is a homogeneous mixture because it is a uniform mixture of water, carbon dioxide gas, and various flavors and sweeteners.

Cherry vanilla ice cream is a homogeneous mixture because it is a uniform mixture of milk, cream, sugar, cherries, and vanilla flavor.

Salad dressing is a homogeneous mixture because it is a uniform mixture of oil, vinegar, and various flavors and seasonings.

Sugar is a homogeneous substance because it is a pure substance made up of molecules with the same chemical formula.

Soil is a heterogeneous mixture because it is made up of a combination of minerals, organic matter, water, and air, which can vary in composition and properties in different parts of the mixture.

Aluminum foil is a heterogeneous mixture because it is made up of thin sheets of aluminum metal mixed with other substances, such as coatings or additives, which can vary in composition and properties in different parts of the mixture.

Black coffee is a homogeneous mixture because it is a uniform mixture of water, coffee beans, and various flavors and aromas.

The classification of the substances and mixtures as either homogeneous or heterogeneous:

HOMOGENEOUS:

Flat soda pop: ✔️

Salad dressing: ✔️

Sugar: ✔️

Black coffee: ✔️

HETEROGENEOUS:

Cherry vanilla ice cream: ✔️

Soil: ✔️

Aluminum foil: ✔️

Any material or combination that is homogeneous throughout and difficult to discern with the eye is referred to as homogeneous matter. Due to their similar composition, flat soda pop, salad dressing, sugar, and black coffee are categorized as homogenous in this example.

Contrarily, heterogeneous matter describes substances or mixes that are visibly distinct and have an uneven or non-uniform composition. Aluminum foil, cherry vanilla ice cream, and dirt are all examples of heterogeneous materials since they all have distinct visible components or phases.

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8.999×10^-2 ppmv is the concentration of ppmv of CO.

Concentration is defined as amount of solute per amount of solution or solvent.

To convert from ppm by mass to ppm by volume, divide by the density of the particles.

The conc of CO = 103 mg/m³

=0.103 mg/m³ air

Molecular weight if CO = 28g/mol

Moles of CO = 0.103×10^-3 g/28g/mol

= 3.678×10^-6 mol

Calculate the volume of CO  as follows:

V=nRT/P

=3.678×10^-6 mol × 8.314 Pa m³/mol K × 298.15 / 101325 Pa

= 8.999×10^-8 m³ CO/m³ air

Convert units of V into pmv as follows

=8.999×10^-8 m³ CO/m³ air ×10^6

=8.999×10^-2 ppmv

Or 0.08999 ppmv

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The melting ice weighs 50.3 grams. When the ice and water mixture has come to a uniform temperature of 0 °C.

Subtracting the combined mass of the cup, water, and ice cubes from the combined mass of the cup, water, and ice cubes yields the mass of the ice cubes.

where,

q = heat released

m = mass of water = 100 g

c = specific heat capacity of water = 4.186 J/g.°C

T = change in temperature = 60-100 = -40

Putting values in equation , we get:

q = 100 * 4.186 * -40

q = -16744j

Ice will absorb the heat that the water releases.

So, amount of heat absorbed by ice = -q = -(-16744) J = 16744 J

We employ the following equation to determine the reaction's enthalpy change:

H = q/m

where,

q = amount of heat absorbed = 16744 J

m = mass of ice melted = ?

H = heat of fusion = 333 J/g

Putting values in equation , we get:

333J/g = 1674/ m

m = 1674 / 333 = 50.3g

Consequently, 50.3 g of ice will have melted

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Answer:

Products: Ethyl butanoate + Water ||| C6H12O2 + H2O

This Compound is an Ester

Explanation:

So I assume that this question is an esterification question for a few reasons.

1. Since there is a Carboxylic acid and Alcohol reacting, it automatically means that it is esterification.

2. Sulphuric Acid is used as a catalyst so it won't affect this question in any way.

* Water is formed since you'd remove H from the Alcohol's Hydroxyl group, and when you remove an OH from the carboxyl group in the carboxylic acid.

Hopefully, this helped but since I don't have much context, I had to assume that you are doing Chemistry 30, Organic Chemistry.

The level of water in the graduated cylinder is 12.5 cm higher than the level of the water exposed to the atmosphere,  The total pressure of gases inside the graduated cylinder is 614 mmHg

given that :

The atmospheric pressure is 739 mmHg

The level of water in graduated cylinder = 12.5 cm = 125 mmHg

the expression for the pressure is given as :

P total = P atm - hρg

where , hρg = 125 mmHg

P atm = 739 mmHg

putting the values , we get :

P total = P atm - hρg

           = 739 mmHg - 125 mmHg

           = 614 mmHg

Thus, the total pressure inside the graduated cylinder is 614 mmHg.

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The chemical compound diborane has the molecular formula B2H6 and is made up of boron and hydrogen atoms. Diborane is a highly reactive oron hydraidw, which was once a possible rocket fuel for the us space program

Boranes are the name given to compounds that contain both boron and hydrogen atoms. One of the most basic boron hydrides is diborane. Boron hydrides and air combine effectively to create explosive combinations. At normal temperature, this material will fire rapidly. Diborane also goes by the names boro ethane and diboron hexahydride.

At room temperature, pure diborane does not react with oxygen or air, but instead produces significant amounts of impure B2O3 and energy.

3O2 + B2H6 = 3O3 + 3H2O

H equals -2165 KJ mol-1.

Trimethyl Borate is produced when diborane and methyl alcohol combine.

6CH3OH + B2H6 = 2B(OCH3)3.

ΔH = -2165 KJ mol-1 – Diborane reacts with methyl alcohol to give trimethyl Borate. B2H6 + 6CH3OH → 2B (OCH3)3 + 6H2

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Answer:

heat energy

Explanation:

I think because of the collisions of all the atoms/molecules that were accelerated because of the heat from the initial reaction and first collisions, heat is generated.

also, oxygen is added to the flame from the air as well :)

A halogen substituent can be replaced by a deuterium atom in the preparation of a deuterated compound :

CH₃CHBrCH₂CH₃ + Mg + ether ---> CH₃CHMgBrCH₂CH₃  + D₂O  -->  

                                                                                        CH₃CHDCH₂CH₃

In The reaction with the deuterium donor , the Grignard reagent converts into R- D . the grignard reagent react with proton donor to convert R - MgX to R-H.  The grignard reagent the magnesium salt. the grignard reagent is an organometallic compound. the formula for the grignard reagent is RMgX.

CH₃CHBrCH₂CH₃ + Mg + ether ---> CH₃CHMgBrCH₂CH₃

CH₃CHMgBrCH₂CH₃  + D₂O  -->        CH₃CHDCH₂CH₃

Thus, the above reaction is the preparation of a deuterated compound.

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The most efficient approaches to minimize nitrate pollution of rivers are to utilize biofertilizers instead of synthetic nitrogen fertilizers or to reduce their use altogether, in farming.

What is Nitrate pollution?

Groundwater and rivers may become contaminated with nitrogen from a variety of sources. The environment naturally contains a certain amount of nitrogen, and small amounts of nitrate are essential nutrients. However, there is an issue with the high nitrate levels found in significant anthropogenic contributions such as sewage, animal waste, nitrogen-based fertilizers, agricultural runoff, and fertilizers.

What are Biofertilizers?

A biofertilizer is a substance that contains living microorganisms that, when added to soil, seeds, or plant surfaces, colonize the plant's rhizosphere and encourage growth by boosting the supply or availability of essential nutrients to the host plants.

Hence, the most efficient approaches to minimize nitrate pollution in rivers are to utilize biofertilizers.

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Answer: The frequency is 7.047 Hz. It comes under ultraviolet radiation

Explanation:

We know that v = λ x f ................. (1)

where v ⇒ velocity of the wave

f ⇒ frequency of the wave

λ ⇒ wavelength of the wave

Since we know that the given wave is electromagnetic radiation,

v = 3 x 10⁸ m/s

λ = 4.257 x 10^-9 m (Given)

Substituting in (1), we get

f = v / λ

f = 3 x 10^8 / 4.257 x 10^-9

f = 7.047 x 10^16 Hz

Since the frequency is in the order of 16, the given radiation is ultraviolet radiation

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what grade is this for?

Explanation:

The molar concentration of nitrate ions in the resulting solution is 0.20M.

Molar concentration, also known as molarity, quantity concentration, or substance concentration, is a unit used to describe the amount of a substance in a solution expressed as a percentage of its volume. The number of moles per liter, denoted by the unit symbol mol/L or mol/dm3 in SI units, is the most often used unit denoting molarity in chemistry. One mol/L of a solution's concentration is referred to as one molar, or 1 M.

Now let us come to our problem statement;

Nitrate from NaNO₃:

75.0 mL × 0.20 M = 15 mmol NaNO₃ = 15 mmol NO₃⁻

Nitrate from Ba(NO₃)₂:

25.0 mL × 0.10 M = 2.5 mmol Ba(NO₃)₂

2.5 mmol Ba(NO₃)₂ × [tex]\frac{2mmol NO3}{1mmol Ba(NO3)2}[/tex]  = 5.0 mmol NO₃⁻

So the final number of NO₃⁻ moles is (15 + 5) 20 mmol.

The final volume is (75 + 25) 100 mL.

So the molar concentration is:

20 mmol / 100 mL = 0.20 M

The molar concentration of nitrate ions in the resulting solution is 0.20M.

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No, the initial concentrations affect the equilibrium concentrations of reactants and the products.

The equilibrium constant does not depend on the initial concentration of reactants but depends on concentration  of various species at equilibrium .

The equilibrium constant is the ratio between the product of the molar concentrations of the products to that of the product of the molar concentrations of the reactants with each concentration term raised to a power equal to stoichiometric coefficient in the balanced chemical equation.  

If you increase the concentration of a reactant or product participated in an equilibrium, the system will absorb some of the added material and after some time the system will re establish equilibrium. When you recalculate Keq, you get the same value.

It changes with the change in the temperature.

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Answer:

Explanation:

Expert-Verified Answer. The balanced reaction that describes the reaction of chlorine gas and sodium iodide to produce elemental iodine and sodium chloride in aqueous solution is expressed Cl2+2NaI= I2 + 2NaCl.

In a spectrophotometer, both absorbance and transmítanse indicate the amount of light passing through a sample. A high absorbance corresponds to a low transmittance.

What is absorbance?

It quantifies a substance's ability to absorb light of a certain wavelength. It is equal to the reciprocal of the transmittance logarithm. The amount of light that a solution absorbs, also known as optical density.

What is Transmittance?

It is the ratio of light energy that falls on a body to light energy that passes through it. In other words, it is the ratio of light passing through the sample to light incident on it, whereas reflectance is the ratio of light reflected to light incident.

In a spectrophotometer, both absorbance and transmittance indicate the amount of light passing through a sample. A high absorbance corresponds to a low transmittance.

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The initial moles of the HI introduced is 6.2 moles.

We know that the equilibrium constant can only be obtained from the concentration of the substance at the point of equilibrium. We would have to set up the ICE table as shown below;

            2HI ⇆  [tex]H_{2}[/tex]    +   [tex]I_{2}[/tex]

I            a           0          0

C         - x           + x       + x

E         a - x        1.8        1.8

We can see that in this case; x = 1.8 and the equilibrium constant = 1/6 = 0.17

K = [ [tex]H_{2}[/tex]  ] [ [tex]I_{2}[/tex]]/[HI]^2

0.17 = (1.8)^2/ (a - 1.8)^2

0.17 = 3.24/(a - 1.8)^2

0.17a^2  - 0.61a + 0.55 = 3.24

0.17a^2  - 0.61a - 2.69 = 0

a=6.2 M

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The potential energy is stored in magnet as it is moved away from the iron such that it does more work to attract it.

We know that the term potential energy has to do with an energy that a body does possess because it is found at a particular point. We can say that is the energy that is at a point.

We know that a magnet is a material that is able to pick up metals. Since the magnet can pick metals up, we say that the metals are magnetizable materials. Given the fact that iron is a metal it follows that iron is a magnetizable material.

The ability of the magnet to attract the iron depends on the distance of the iron from the magnet. Thus, the magnetic potential energy has a lot to do with the distance of the separtion between the magnet and the ion. The greater the distance between the iron and the magnet, the greater the work that is done by the magnet to attract the iron.

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The number of atoms contained by 6 moles of aluminium is 3.612 × 10²⁴ atoms of Al.

The number of atoms contained by a substance can be calculated by multiplying the number of moles in the substance by Avogadro's number.

Avogadro's number is the number of atoms present in 12 grams of isotopically pure carbon-12, being 6.02214076 × 10²³. By definition, it is the number of elementary entities (atoms or molecules) comprising one mole of a given substance.

According to this question, a reaction occurs between aluminum and aqueous solution of copper (I) sulfate. If there are 6 moles of aluminium, the number of atoms in this aluminium can be calculated as follows:

no of atoms = 6 × 6.02 × 10²³

no of atoms = 36.12 × 10²³

no of atoms = 3.612 × 10²⁴ atoms of Al

Therefore, 3.612 × 10²⁴ atoms of Al is the number of atoms contained in 6 moles of aluminium.

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If the product contain succinimide, its IR spectra should show aprominent peak at around 1700 cm-1, indicating an incomplete reaction.

Because various elements have varying quantities of protons and varied numbers and configurations of electrons, they also have different spectra. The variations in spectra are a result of the energy that atoms absorb or emit as their electrons shift between different energy levels.

Every element generates an own collection of spectral lines. A line spectrum can be used to distinguish between different elements because no two produce the same spectral lines.

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Melting, vaporization and sublimation are changes of state that are characterized by atoms that gain energy.

What is Melting?

The physical process that causes a substance's phase to change from solid to liquid. This happens when the solid's internal energy rises, usually as a result of heat or pressure being applied, which raises the substance's temperature to the melting point.

What is vaporization?

The transformation of a substance into a gaseous (vapour) phase from its liquid or solid state. Boiling is the term for the vaporization process when conditions permit the creation of vapour bubbles within a liquid.

What is Sublimation?

The immediate transition of a material from its solid to its gas state without first going through its liquid phase is called the sublimation process.

Hence, melting, vaporization and sublimation are changes of state that are characterized by atoms that gain energy.

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The part of the third step when using stoichiometry to go from grams of a reactant to grams of a product is Mole ratio (option A).

Stoichiometry is the study and calculation of quantitative (measurable) relationships of the reactants and products in chemical reactions (chemical equations).

Stoichiometric problems involving reactants mass to products mass can be solved in four simple steps:

This suggests that the third step when using stoichiometry to calculate grams of a reactant or grams of a product is to find the mole ratio.

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Answer:

 To anyone who's wondering, the fourth step is

      D. Molar mass of product

(I just took the test and got it right).

Explanation:

The effective nuclear charge, denoted by the letter X, grows with period, and this is the right response to the question above.

Here, X stands for the effective nuclear charge. And it may be computed by deducting the number of core electrons from the amount of protons. The positive attraction that nuclear protons exert on valence electrons is known as the effective nuclear charge. Due to the shielding effect, the effective nuclear charge is always lower than the total amount of protons in a nucleus.

Despite the fact that nuclear charge rises as atomic number increases in both period and group. In a group and over a period, the effective nuclear charge exhibits opposing patterns. It increases along with period (due to increasing nuclear charge with no accompanying increase in shielding effect).  And decreases in group (although nuclear charge increases down a group, shielding effect more than counters its effect).

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As, 150,000,000 km = 1 AU. To convert km to AU, divide the distance in km by 150,000,000.

In this way, we can find the distance.

What is distance?

Distance is an object's overall motion in a directionless fashion. Regardless of an object's starting or ending point, distance can be defined as the amount of ground it has travelled.

In molecular geometry, the average distance between the nuclei of two bound atoms in a molecule is referred to as bond length or bond distance.

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Answer:  When a liquid becomes a solid what happens to the atoms in the solid?

The particles (atoms or molecules) are attracted to each other. The particles (atoms or molecules) vibrate but do not move past one another. The solid retains its shape.

Explanation:

The atoms in a liquid have more energy than the atoms in a solid. There is a special temperature for every substance called the melting point. When a solid reaches the temperature of its melting point, it can become a liquid. Where the Atoms vibrate but still stick together, not moving past, behind, etc of where they are.