Problem 1:
The osmotic pressure (π) can be calculated using the van 't Hoff equation: π = iMRT, where i is the van 't Hoff factor (1 for water), M is the molar concentration, R is the gas constant, and T is the temperature in Kelvin.
In this case, the molar concentration is 1.13 mol/L, and the temperature is 25°C = 298 K. So,
π = iMRT = (1)(1.13 mol/L)(0.08206 L·atm·K⁻¹·mol⁻¹)(298 K)
π = 29.8 atm
Therefore, a pressure of 29.8 atm must be applied to prevent osmotic flow of pure water into sea water through a membrane permeable only to water molecules at 25°C.
Problem 2:
The osmotic pressure of a solution can be calculated using the van 't Hoff equation: π = iMRT, where i is the van 't Hoff factor, M is the molar concentration, R is the gas constant, and T is the temperature in Kelvin.
First, we need to find the molar concentration of glucose in the solution. The molecular weight of glucose is 180.16 g/mol. So,
Molar concentration = (mass/volume) / (molecular weight)
Molar concentration = (6.65 g/0.35 L) / 180.16 g/mol
Molar concentration = 0.104 mol/L
Now, we can calculate the osmotic pressure:
π = iMRT = (1)(0.104 mol/L)(0.08206 L·atm·K⁻¹·mol⁻¹)(308 K)
π = 2.44 atm
Therefore, the osmotic pressure of the solution prepared by adding 6.65 g of glucose to enough water to make 350 mL of solution at 35°C is 2.44 atm.
Problem 3:
Using the same process as in Problem 2, we can find the molar concentration of glucose in the solution:
Molar concentration = (mass/volume) / (molecular weight)
Molar concentration = (9.0 g/0.45 L) / 180.16 g/mol
Molar concentration = 0.44 mol/L
Now, we can calculate the osmotic pressure:
π = iMRT = (1)(0.44 mol/L)(0.08206 L·atm·K⁻¹·mol⁻¹)(308 K)
π = 10.2 atm
Therefore, the osmotic pressure of the solution prepared by adding 9.0 g of glucose to enough water to make 450 mL of solution at 35°C is 10.2 atm.
Problem 4:
Propanol (C₃H₇OH) is a non-electrolyte, so its van 't Hoff factor is 1.
First, we need to find the molar concentration of propanol in the solution. The molecular weight of propanol is 60.10 g/mol. So,
Molar concentration = (mass/volume) / (molecular weight)
Molar concentration = (11.0 g/0.85 L) / 60.10 g/mol
Molar concentration = 0.178 mol/L
Now, we can calculate the osmotic pressure:
π = iMRT = (1)(0.178 mol/L)(0.08206 L·atm·K⁻¹·mol⁻¹(298 K)
π = 3.67 atm
Therefore, the osmotic pressure of the solution prepared by adding 11.0 g of propanol to enough water to make 850 mL of solution at 25°C is 3.67 atm.
Problem 5:
Using the same process as in Problem 2 and Problem 3, we can find the molar concentration of glucose in the solution:
Molar concentration = (mass/volume) / (molecular weight)
Molar concentration = (65 g/35,000 mL) / 180.16 g/mol
Molar concentration = 0.00177 mol/L
Now, we can calculate the osmotic pressure:
π = iMRT = (1)(0.00177 mol/L)(0.08206 L·atm·K⁻¹·mol⁻¹)(288 K)
π = 0.0398 atm
Therefore, the osmotic pressure of the solution prepared by adding 65 g of glucose to enough water to make 35,000 mL of solution at 15°C is 0.0398 atm.
Fifteen 15kg of iron lll oxide was used in a reaction to produce iron.calculate the mass of iron produced in the reaction
Answer: 10.51 kg of iron is produced in the reaction.
Explanation: The balanced equation for the reaction between iron III oxide and iron is:
2Fe2O3 + 3C → 4Fe + 3CO2
From the equation, we can see that 2 moles of Fe2O3 react to produce 4 moles of Fe. We can use the molar mass of Fe2O3 to convert the given mass to moles, and then use the mole ratio to calculate the moles of Fe produced. Finally, we can convert the moles of Fe to mass using the molar mass of Fe.
The molar mass of Fe2O3 is:
2(55.85 g/mol Fe) + 3(16.00 g/mol O) = 159.69 g/mol Fe2O3
So, 15 kg (or 15000 g) of Fe2O3 is equal to:
15000 g / 159.69 g/mol = 94.03 mol Fe2O3
According to the balanced equation, 2 moles of Fe2O3 produce 4 moles of Fe. So, 94.03 moles of Fe2O3 will produce:
4/2 x 94.03 = 188.06 moles of Fe
The molar mass of Fe is 55.85 g/mol, so the mass of Fe produced is:
188.06 mol x 55.85 g/mol = 10507.8 g or 10.51 kg
What is the standard reduction potential of Y3+ given that the cell potential of the following cell is 1.32 V?
The standard reduction potential of Y₃⁺ is +1.97 V.
The cell potential of a galvanic cell is given by the difference between the standard reduction potentials of the two half-cells. In this case, the cell consists of two half-cells:
Y₂O₃(s) + 6H⁺(aq) + 3e⁻ → 2Y³⁺(aq) + 3H₂O(l) E° = +1.97 V
AgBr(s) + e⁻ → Ag(s) + Br⁻(aq) E° = +0.65 V
The cell potential is given as 1.32 V. We know the reduction potential of one half-cell (AgBr/Ag), so we can use it to determine the reduction potential of the other half-cell (Y₂O₃/Y³⁺):
E°cell = E°reduction (Y³⁺) - E°reduction (AgBr)
1.32 V = E°reduction (Y³⁺) - 0.65 V
E°reduction (Y³⁺) = 1.32 V + 0.65 V
E°reduction (Y³⁺) = 1.97 V
Therefore, Y₃⁺ has a typical reduction potential of +1.97 V, which is the reduction potential of Y₃⁺ under standard conditions (1 M concentration, 1 atm pressure, 25°C temperature).
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What quantity of heat (in kJ) is absorbed in the process of making 0.887 mol of CF₄ from the following reaction?
C (s) + 2 F₂ (g) → CF₄ (g) ∆H° = 141.3 kJ/mol
125.4 kJ of heat is absorbed in the process of making 0.887 mol of CF₄.
The given reaction produces one mole of CF₄, and its enthalpy change is 141.3 kJ/mol. Therefore, the enthalpy change for the production of 0.887 mol of CF₄ can be calculated as follows:
Enthalpy change for 1 mol of CF₄ = 141.3 kJ/mol
Enthalpy change for 0.887 mol of CF₄ = (0.887 mol) x (141.3 kJ/mol)
Enthalpy change for 0.887 mol of CF₄ = 125.39 kJ
Therefore, the quantity of heat absorbed in the process of making 0.887 mol of CF₄ is 125.39 kJ.
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A flexible container at an initial volume of 3.10 L contains 3.51 mol of gas. More gas is then added to the container until it reaches a final volume of 17.1 L. Assuming the pressure and temperature of the gas remain constant, calculate the number of moles of gas added to the container.
The container received 15.7 moles of gas.
What is volume?Volume is a unit used to describe how much space an object or substance occupies. It is a physical quantity that, depending on the situation, is typically measured in measures like liters, cubic meters, or cubic feet.
How do you determine it?The ideal gas law can be used since the gas's temperature and pressure are constant:
PV = nRT
n is the number of moles, P is the pressure, V is the volume, R is the gas constant, and T is the temperature.
The following equation can be used to link the initial and final volumes because the pressure and temperature are constant.
V1 / n1 = V2 / n2
where V1 and n1 represent the beginning volume and molecular count, and V2 and n2 represent the ultimate volume and molecular count.
To solve for n2 we can rearrange this equation as follows:
n2 = (V2 / V1) * n1
Plugging in the values we are familiar with yields:
n2 = (17.1 L / 3.10 L) * 3.51 mol.
n2 = 19.2 mol
As a result, the container was filled with the following amount of gas:
n2 - n1= 19.2 mol - 3.51 mol = 15.7 mol
As a result, the container received 15.7 moles of gas.
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In outdoor field conditions, a tensiometer is reasonably accurate up to what soil water tension?
1.1 bar
0 bar
1.2 bar
0.5 bar
Breaking tension describes this circumstance. Tensiometers function up to 0.5 bar. The vacuum gauge of the majority of commercial tensiometers has a suction scale that ranges from 0 to 100 cb.
How does a tensiometer function? What is it used for?A tube filled with water and fitted with a specific porous tip and vacuum gauge is a tensiometer. This device monitors soil water suction, which is akin to the method a plant root employs to get water from the ground. upkeep of the field as seen to the right. Tensiometers are reusable and not very expensive.
A tensiometer's accuracy is how precise?In comparison to ECH2O-5TE and Watermark without site-specific calibration, Tensiometer gave relatively reliable soil moisture measurements, according to statistical analysis of the results. Watermark overestimated the water content of the soil, while ECH2O-5TE did not.
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Hydrogen Bonds: A specific type of dipole-dipole attraction results from the interaction of a hydrogen (H) atom and a weak electronegative atom
true or false
True. A specific type of dipole-dipole attraction results from the interaction of a hydrogen (H) atom and a weak electronegative atom
Why is the above statement true?A particular kind of dipole-dipole interaction known as a hydrogen bond occurs when a hydrogen atom is covalently connected to an element that is strongly electronegative, such as nitrogen (N), oxygen (O), or fluorine (F), and another weakly electronegative atom that is present nearby. The strongly electronegative atom draws the electrons in the hydrogen-self bond, leaving the hydrogen with a partial positive charge and the electronegative atom with a partial negative charge. As a result, this interaction takes place. A hydrogen bond, a relatively potent attraction, is produced when the hydrogen atom's partial positive charge interacts electrostatically with the surrounding electronegative atom's partial negative charge. Many biological processes, such as the binding of DNA base pairs, protein folding, and cell division, depend on hydrogen bonding.
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How do plants in Florida respond to spring? (2 points)
Group of answer choices
New plants start to grow and sprout.
The leaves on trees start to change colors.
Plants go dormant and some lose their leaves.
Plants grow a lot and produce flowers and fruit.
1) New plants start to grow and sprout: As temperatures warm up in the spring, seeds that have been dormant over the winter start to germinate and new plants start to grow.
What is sprout?Sprout is a type of plant that is grown from a seed. It is usually a young plant that has just started to grow, and is usually eaten raw or lightly cooked. Some of the most common sprouts are alfalfa, broccoli, and mung bean. Sprouts are highly nutritious, as they contain a large amount of vitamins, minerals, protein, and antioxidants. They are a great addition to salads, sandwiches, and stir-fries, and can also be used as a topping for soups or curries. Sprouts are easy to grow at home, and can be enjoyed in a variety of dishes.
2) The leaves on trees start to change colors: As temperatures warm up in the spring, deciduous trees start to produce new leaves that are lighter in color than the leaves they had in the fall.
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What does a high specific heat tell about a substance?
OA. The substance is probably a metal.
B. It is hard to change the temperature of the substance.
C. The substance has very strong molecular bonds.
D. The substance has high melting and boiling points.
SUBMIT
Answer:
B. It is hard to change the temperature of the substance
in which year was the population of arctic fox the greatest? how many where there?
In the year 2000, the population of Arctic foxes reached its peak.
What is population?A region's population is the total number of people living there. Typically, it is expressed as the number of persons in a given volume or region. A census is typically performed to estimate population in order to ascertain its size, density, and distribution. The term "population" can also refer to the variety of species present in a region. Population growth is the gradual rise in a species' number of individuals in a particular area.
At that time, the total number of Arctic foxes in their habitat, which stretches from northern Europe and Asia over the tundra of the Arctic Circle, was believed to be 745,000. Based on the International Union for Conservation of Nature's most recent estimations, this population figure.
The Arctic fox is a very tough species that can endure some of the world's harshest environments. They can also adjust to their surroundings and eat a range of foods, such as grass, eggs, carrion, small mammals, and carrion.
Unfortunately, a variety of causes are causing the Arctic fox population to decline at the moment. Additionally, human actions like hunting, habitat loss, and fur trapping are lowering their numbers.
The Arctic fox is not now facing extinction, according to the IUCN, which has classified it as a species of Least Concern. However, the species is threatened by a number of factors, and unless conservation efforts are made, its population is likely to keep declining.
Reducing human influences on the Arctic fox's environment is crucial for its protection. This entails restricting hunting and trapping in addition to minimising habitat loss and pollution. The ability of the species to adapt to climate change should also be improved, and their population numbers and trends should be tracked. If these steps are adopted, the number of Arctic foxes may eventually return to its original high.
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The complete question is,
Which year saw the highest arctic fox population? How many people attended?
A student dissolves 11.8 g of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) in 250. g of water in a well-insulated open cup. He then observes the temperature of the water rise
from 20.0 °C to 31.3 °C over the course of 6.7 minutes.
Use this data, and any information you need from the ALEKS Data resource, to answer the questions below about this reaction:
NaOH(s) -. Nat (ag) + OH (ag)
You can make any reasonable assumptions about the physical properties of the solution. Be sure answers you calculate using measured data are rounded to 3
significant digits.
Note for advanced students: It's possible the student did not do the experiment carefully, and the values you calculate may not be the same as the known and
published values for this reaction.
See image attached
The reaction in the experiment is exothermic reaction and 158.72 kilo joules at 34.51 degrees celsius is released.
How to calculate change in enthalpy We must ascertain the enthalpy in the second experiment. Using the data from the first and second experiments, we will determine this. We can infer from the data of the first experiment that either heat was released or carried out in the second experiment. This benzoic acid is agitated, producing heat that is equivalent to the heat produced by water. Heat has been produced as a result of the commotion in c. 6 h. The experiment's acid weighs 6 grams, and this measurement is in joules per gram. A unit of water heat is 6 grams. The specific heat of the water used in the experiment is 4.184 joules per gram per 1000 milliliters temperature difference in the first experiment is 21255.51 minus 21 degrees Celsius. We will first need to determine the calorimeter C's heat capacity, and then we will need to determine the temperature change. The result will be 142.389 kilo joules and 158.72 kilo joules at 34.51 degrees celsius.For more information on change in enthalpy kindly visit to
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Help with cathodes and electrolysis
The electrode indicated is the cathode
The contents of the beaker are the electrolyte
Electrons flow from the cathode to the anode
Dilute sulfuric acid will give colorless gases at both electrodes
The electrodes used could be made from platinum since they are inert.
What is electrolysis?Electrolysis is a process of using an electric current to drive a non-spontaneous chemical reaction.
This involves the use of an electrolytic cell, where an external power source is used to drive a chemical reaction that would otherwise not occur.
During electrolysis, positive and negative ions move toward the electrodes (positively charged anode and negatively charged cathode) where they undergo oxidation and reduction reactions respectively.
The process is commonly used in the production of metals, such as aluminum, and in the purification of copper and other metals. It is also used in various industrial and laboratory applications, including electroplating, electrorefining, and the production of hydrogen and oxygen gas.
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Please help, find the pressure with the gas
Answer:
Pressure of the gas =766.4 mmHg.
Explanation:
Gas pressure greater than atmospheric pressure = Atmospheric pressure + Height
745.0 mm + 26.4 cm = 766.4 mmHg.
Methanol is known to be the simplest alcohol, and is used for an antifreeze agent, a solvent, a fuel and a denaturing for ethyl alcohol. It is also know as wood spirit, as it is obtained from the pyrolysis of food. Today it is prepared as follows: CO(g) + 2H2(g) = CH3OH(1) Using the following data, what would be the enthalpy change for the reaction?
The enthalpy change for the reaction is 443.5 kJ/mol, this indicates that the reaction is exothermic, meaning that heat is released during the reaction.
The enthalpy change of a reaction can be calculated using the following equation:
ΔH = ΣΔH(products) - ΣΔH(reactants)
where ΔH is the enthalpy change, Σ is the sum, and the subscripts refer to the enthalpy of the products and reactants.
Using the data provided, we can look up the standard enthalpy of formation (ΔHf°) for each substance involved in the reaction:
ΔHf°(CO(g)) = -110.5 kJ/mol
ΔHf°(H₂(g)) = -285.8 kJ/mol
ΔHf°(CH₃OH(l)) = -238.6 kJ/mol
To calculate the enthalpy change of the reaction, we can plug in these values into the equation:
ΔH = [ΔHf°(CH₃OH(l))] - [ΔHf°(CO(g)) + 2ΔHf°(H₂(g))]
ΔH = [-238.6 kJ/mol] - [-110.5 kJ/mol + 2(-285.8 kJ/mol)]
ΔH = [-238.6 kJ/mol] - [-682.1 kJ/mol]
ΔH = 443.5 kJ/mol
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Complete the balanced molecular chemical equation for the reaction below. If no reaction occurs, write NR after the reaction arrow. Be sure to include the proper phases for all species within the reaction.
CsCl(aq) + K3PO4(aq) —>
The balanced equation for the given chemical reaction can be written as 3CsCl + K[tex]_3[/tex]PO[tex]_4[/tex]→ Cs[tex]_3[/tex] (PO[tex]_4[/tex]) + 3KCl.
An equation per a chemical reaction is said to be balanced if both the reactants plus the products have the same number of atoms and total charge for each component of the reaction. In other words, each component of the reaction have an equal balance of mass and charge.
The components and outcomes of a chemical reaction are listed in an imbalanced chemical equation, but the amounts necessary to meet the conservation of mass are not specified. The balanced equation for the given chemical reaction can be written as 3CsCl + K[tex]_3[/tex]PO[tex]_4[/tex]→ Cs[tex]_3[/tex] (PO[tex]_4[/tex]) + 3KCl.
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(ii) 10% of the atoms in a sample of element E have a mass number of 22. All the other atoms in this sample have a mass number of 20. Calculate the relative atomic mass of element E.
Answer:
Explanation:
The total mark for this paper is 60.
t The marks for each question are shown in brackets
– use this as a guide as to how much time to spend on each question.
t Questions labelled with an asterisk (*) are ones where the quality of your
written communication will be assessed
– you should take particular care with your spelling, punctuation and grammar, as
well as the clarity of expression, on these questions.
Advice
t Read each question carefully before you start to answer it.
t Keep an eye on the time.
t Try to answer every question.
t Check your answers if you have time at the end.
What is the quantity of Fe2+ ion reacting, in moles?
100 mL of a 0.500 M solution of Fe2+ is added to 100 mL of a 0.100 M solution of MnO4-
The balanced chemical equation for the reaction between Fe2+ and MnO4- in acidic solution is :
5 Fe2+ + MnO4- + 8 H+ -> 5 Fe3+ + Mn2+ + 4 H2O
From the equation, we can see that 1 mole of MnO4- reacts with 5 moles of Fe2+.
The initial moles of Fe2+ in the solution are :
0.500 mol/L x 0.100 L = 0.050 mol
Since the stoichiometric ratio between MnO4- and Fe2+ is 1:5, the moles of MnO4- required to react with all the Fe2+ are :
5 x 0.050 mol = 0.250 mol
Therefore, the quantity of Fe2+ ion reacting, in moles, is 0.050 mol.
would lead to an increase in the internal energy of a system?
An increase in the internal energy of a system can be caused by several factors, such as heating, compression, and work done on the system.
In general, any process that adds energy to a system will result in an increase in its internal energy. For example, if heat is added to a gas in a closed container, the gas molecules will start moving faster and colliding more frequently, resulting in an increase in the internal energy of the gas.
Similarly, if work is done on a system, such as by compressing a gas, the internal energy of the gas will increase due to the increased kinetic energy of its molecules.
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Copper is low down in the reactivity series and can be obtained from
copper oxide.
Devise a simple method to obtain a sample of copper from copper oxide in
the laboratory.
Answer:
reducing it with a reducing agent
While isobaric heat can be measured by using the coffee cup calorimeter, what kind of device would be needed to measure the reaction heat under isochoric condition? Please search literature to answer the question.
To measure the reaction heat more accurately at isobaric condition, what modification(s) would you suggest making on the coffee cup calorimeter? Please justify the suggested change(s).
To measure reaction heat under isochoric conditions, a bomb calorimeter is needed.
This device is designed to maintain a constant volume (isochoric) during the reaction, allowing for accurate measurement of reaction heat. To improve the accuracy of the coffee cup calorimeter for measuring reaction heat under isobaric conditions, a modification that could be made is to use a stirring device to ensure uniform mixing of the reactants and to minimize heat loss to the surroundings.
Additionally, a lid with a small hole could be placed over the top of the calorimeter to prevent heat loss while still allowing for pressure equalization. These modifications would help to minimize errors in heat measurement and improve the accuracy of the results obtained.
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A 115.0-g sample of a metal at 165.0 °C is added to 265.0 g of ethylene glycol (specific heat capacity = 2.43 J/g･ °C) in a calorimeter at 25.8 °C. The temperature of the ethylene glycol rises to 41.5 °C. Calculate the specific heat capacity of the metal, assuming that all the heat lost by the metal is gained by the ethylene glycol.
The specific heat capacity of the metal can be calculated to be 2.03 J/g･ °C. This result can be explained by the fact that the heat lost by the metal is equal to the heat gained by the ethylene glycol, since no other source of heat is present.
What is specific heat capacity?Specific heat capacity is the amount of heat energy needed to raise the temperature of a unit mass of a substance by 1 degree Celsius. It is measured in joules per kilogram Kelvin (J/kg K).
The specific heat capacity (c) of the metal can be calculated using the following equation:
Q = mc∆T
Where Q is the heat lost by the metal, m is the mass of the metal, and ∆T is the change in temperature of the metal.
Q = (115.0 g)(c)(165.0 °C - 25.8 °C)
On the other hand, the heat gained by the ethylene glycol can be calculated using the following equation:
Q = (265.0 g)(2.43 J/g･ °C)(41.5 °C - 25.8 °C)
By equating the two equations, we can solve for the specific heat capacity of the metal:
(115.0 g)(c)(165.0 °C - 25.8 °C) = (265.0 g)(2.43 J/g･ °C)(41.5 °C - 25.8 °C)
c = 2.03 J/g･ °C
Therefore, the specific heat capacity of the metal can be calculated to be 2.03 J/g･ °C.
This result can be explained by the fact that the heat lost by the metal is equal to the heat gained by the ethylene glycol, since no other source of heat is present.
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2LiO
1. Determine the type of compound
2. Name the compound
3. Determine the chemical formula for the compound
Answer:
1. Ionic Compound
2.Lithium Oxide
3. Li2O
Explanation:
This is an Ionic Compound because (Lithium) the metal or cation is giving away electrons to the oxygen a nonmental or anion so both can have a full valence electron shell or have all the electrons on the outer most shell.
This is also Lithium Oxide because the metal goes first then the nonmetal and the ending of the non metal is ending with an ide.
The chemical formula is the periodic table symbols (usually the metal first) and then the charges are switched. E.g Sample A has charge of 3 and sample B has a charge of 2. The formula would be A2B3. If the charge is 1 then you can leave it blank because it is understood. E.g is sample B had a charge of 1 then it would be AB3
CAN SOMEONE EHLP WITH THIS QUESTION?
The absorbance of this solution at this wavelength would be 0.287.
How to find the absorbance ?We can use the relationship between percent transmittance (%T) and absorbance (A) :
% T = 10 ^ ( - A )
Rearranging this equation, we can solve for A:
A = - log (%T / 100 )
Substituting the given value, we get:
A = - log ( 51. 6 / 100) = - log (0. 516) = 0. 287
Therefore, the absorbance of this solution at 550 nm is 0.287 .
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Which of the following most likely happens when the number of particles of a gas decreases?
The specific heat of octane, C8H18 (1), is 2.22 J/g K. The specific heat of water is 4.184 J/gK.. Does it take more energy to increase 1 mole of water by 10 °C or 1 mole of octane?
Explanation:
The molar mass of octane (C8H18) is approximately 114 g/mol.
To find the energy required to increase 1 mole of substance by 10°C, we can use the formula:
ΔE = n * C * ΔT
where ΔE is the energy required, n is the number of moles, C is the specific heat, and ΔT is the change in temperature.
For water, n = 1 mol, C = 4.184 J/gK, and ΔT = 10°C.
So, the energy required to increase 1 mole of water by 10°C is:
ΔE_water = n * C_water * ΔT
= 1 mol * 4.184 J/gK * 10 K
= 41.84 J
For octane, n = 1 mol, C = 2.22 J/gK, and ΔT = 10°C.
So, the energy required to increase 1 mole of octane by 10°C is:
ΔE_octane = n * C_octane * ΔT
= 1 mol * 2.22 J/gK * 10 K
= 22.2 J
Therefore, it takes more energy to increase 1 mole of water by 10°C than 1 mole of octane.
The enthalpy of vaporization of ethanol is 38.56 kJ/mol at its boiling point (78°C). Calculate the value of AS sur When 1.00 mole of ethanol is vaporized at 78°C and 1.00 atm.
-1.1 10² J/K mol
4.92 × 102 J/K mol
1.1 102 J/K mol
-4.92 102 J/K mol
The enthalpy of vaporization of ethanol is 38.56 kJ/mol at its boiling point (78°C). Calculate the value of entropy of surrounding when 1.00 mole of ethanol is vaporized at 78°C and 1.00 atm is -110.2 kJ/mol K. The correct option is option A.
Entropy is the measurement of the amount of thermal energy for each degree of temperature in a system that cannot be used for productive work. Entropy is a measure of a system's molecular disorder or unpredictability since work is produced by organised molecular motion.
Entropy theory offers profound understanding of the pattern of impulsive shifts for numerous commonplace events. A standout of 19th-century physics is its invention by the German scientist Rudolf Clausius in 1850.
C[tex]_2[/tex]H[tex]_5[/tex]OH(l) → C[tex]_2[/tex]H[tex]_5[/tex]OH(g)
ΔSsystem= 38.56 /351
=110.2 kJ/mol K
ΔSsurrounding=-110.2 kJ/mol K
ΔSuniverse=0
Therefore, the correct option is option A.
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climate on river and streams
Due to changes in stream temperature, stream flow due to shortages or increased storms, and other stressors which can affect ecosystem health, these aquatic ecosystems are at risk from climate change.
The long-term trend of the weather in a place is called the climate. Hour by hour, day by day, month by month, or even year by year, the weather might change. Due to changes in stream temperature (which results in a corresponding drop in oxygen levels).
Stream flow due to shortages or increased storms, and other stressors (such as increased storm runoff such as nutrients, pollutants, along with sediment) which can affect ecosystem health, these aquatic ecosystems are at risk from climate change.
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Why does the Philippines have relatively high humidity?
Explanation:
Humidity levels are high, averaging around 82% due to the warm moist trade winds that flow through the archipelago, as well as sea surface temperatures, a rich and vibrant vegetative cover and abundant rainfall.
Dipolar molecules have a positive and negative center at two different points.
True
False
Dipolar molecules have a separation of charge with a positive center and a negative center located at two different points, resulting in a net dipole moment. The correct option is true
What is Dipolar molecules ?Dipolar molecules are molecules that have a separation of charge, resulting in a positive center and a negative center located at two different points in the molecule.
This separation of charge creates a net dipole moment, which is a measure of the molecule's polarity. The magnitude and direction of the dipole moment depend on the difference in electronegativity between the atoms in the molecule and the molecule's geometry.
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PLEASE HELP!!!!!!!!!!
A teaspoon of salt, NaCl has a mass of about 5.0 g. How many formula units are in a teaspoon of salt?
SHOW WORK PLS!!!!
The molar mass of NaCl is 58.44 g/mol, which means that one mole of NaCl contains 6.022 x 10^23 formula units (Avogadro's number).
To determine the number of formula units in a teaspoon of salt, we need to first determine how many moles of NaCl are present in 5.0 g of salt. This can be done using the following formula:
moles = mass / molar mass
moles = 5.0 g / 58.44 g/mol = 0.0854 mol
Next, we can use Avogadro's number to convert moles of NaCl to formula units:
formula units = moles x Avogadro's number
formula units = 0.0854 mol x 6.022 x 10^23 formula units/mol = 5.14 x 10^22 formula units
Therefore, there are approximately 5.14 x 10^22 formula units of NaCl in a teaspoon of salt.
A galvanic cell represented by the reaction:
3Ni2+ +2Al⇒ 3Ni +2Al 3+
has a cell potential, E° cell= 1.43 V, under standard conditions.
Predict the change in cell potential (increase or decrease) under the following conditions. Explain your reasoning.
[Al³+] = 2.0 M and [Ni2+] = .75 M
Answer:
The change in cell potential under non-standard conditions can be predicted using the Nernst equation. The Nernst equation relates the measured cell potential to the reaction quotient and allows the accurate determination of equilibrium constants (including solubility constants).
In this case, the concentrations of Al³+ and Ni²+ are not standard. According to the Nernst equation, an increase in the concentration of the oxidizing agent ion in the cathodic side of the system (reduction reaction) should result in an increase in cell potential. Conversely, an increase in the concentration of the reducing agent in the anodic side of the system (oxidation reaction) should result in a decrease in cell potential.
Explanation:
The Nernst equation enables the determination of cell potential under non-standard conditions. It relates the measured cell potential to the reaction quotient and allows the accurate determination of equilibrium constants (including solubility constants).
The Nernst equation is given by:
Ecell = E°cell - (RT/nF)lnQ
where Ecell is the cell potential under non-standard conditions, E°cell is the standard cell potential, R is the universal gas constant, T is the temperature in kelvins, n is the number of moles of electrons transferred in the balanced equation for the cell reaction, F is Faraday’s constant, and Q is the reaction quotient.
At room temperature (25°C or 298K), this equation can be simplified to:
Ecell = E°cell - (0.0592/n)logQ
where logQ is the base-10 logarithm of the reaction quotient.
To calculate the change in cell potential using this equation, you need to know the standard cell potential (E°cell), the number of moles of electrons transferred in the balanced equation for the cell reaction (n), and the reaction quotient (Q) under non-standard conditions.