a. Carbon tetra chloride is used as a solvent in the preparation of alkynes through the process of dehydrohalogenation. It acts as a reactant in the reaction, where it is converted into a chloride ion and a molecule of acetylene.
b. Hydrogen bromide is used in the preparation of alkynes through the process of bromination. It acts as a reactant in the reaction, where it is converted into a bromide ion and a molecule of acetylene. It is typically used in the presence of a Lewis acid catalyst, such as aluminum chloride, to facilitate the reaction.
Answer: A. Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) is used as a solvent and a reactant in the preparation of alkynes through a reaction known as the chloroformic esterification or the Wurtz reaction. In this reaction, an alkyne is treated with CCl4 and sodium metal to produce a chloroformate ester, which can then be hydrolyzed to the corresponding carboxylic acid.
b. Hydrogen bromide (HBr) is used in the preparation of alkynes through a reaction known as the bromination of alkynes. In this reaction, an alkyne is treated with HBr and a Lewis acid catalyst to produce a geminal dibromide, which can then be hydrolyzed to the corresponding alkyne. This reaction is useful for the synthesis of alkyne compounds that are not readily available from other sources.
Both CCl4 and HBr are commonly used reagents in organic chemistry due to their reactivity and versatility. They can be used to synthesize a wide range of compounds, including alkynes, by reacting with various organic compounds under appropriate conditions.
based on the proposed mechanism, which of the following is the rate-law expression for the destruction of o3 ?
The experimentally determined rate law for the destruction of ozone is as follows : Rate = k [O3]. A mechanism must be consistent with the experimentally determined rate law. However, this does not prove that a mechanism is correct.
A rate law shows how the rate of a chemical reaction depends on reactant concentration. For a reaction such as aA → products, the rate law generally has the form rate = k[A]ⁿ, where k is a proportionality constant called the rate constant and n is the order of the reaction with respect to A.The rate law that is consistent with the mechanism is rate = k[NO]2[O2].
Photochemical process is related to ozone formation as it is through this process radicals react with volatile organic compounds ( VOC ) and nitrogen oxides ( NOx) to form ozone.A reaction intermediate is a chemical species that is formed in one elementary step and consumed in a subsequent step. The slowest step in a reaction mechanism is known as the rate-determining step. The rate-determining step limits the overall rate and therefore determines the rate law for the overall reaction.
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What is the best emulsifier - soap, dishwashing liquid, shampoo?
Answer: Dishwashing liquid
Explanation: Dishwashing soap is the best emulsifier and its very affordable as well.
The best emulsifier among the following is dishwashing liquid. The correct option is b.
What is an emulsifier?
An emulsifier is a substance that contains a molecule that prefers to be in oily circumstances at one end and in a water environment at the other. Mayonnaise, for example, is an emulsifier found in egg yolks.
The majority of emulsifiers used to come from both natural and synthetic sources. Emulsifiers generally reduce lipid surface tension by aiding in the digestion of lipid molecules.
As emulsifiers, various materials could be added to the vinaigrette. They are included to help a quick and uncomplicated preparation. A nice vinaigrette recipe with better emulsifying ingredients can include: olive oil (1 part), 2 parts seasoned rice vinegar, Dijon mustard, and honey.
Therefore, the correct option is b. dishwashing liquid.
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The Lewis structure of acetic acid is shown. Determine the bond angles of the central atoms (C, C, O) from left to right. 90°, 90° 180° 90º, 120°, 180° 109.59, 120°, 109.5° 109.59, 120, <109.59 109.5º. 109.5°, <109.5°
The correct answer is: 109.5°, 120°, 109.5°. In the Lewis structure of acetic acid, the central carbon atom is bonded to two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom, and the oxygen atom is bonded to two hydrogen atoms.
The bond angles around the central carbon atom and oxygen atom should be approximately 109.5°, as these atoms are surrounded by four electron pairs in a tetrahedral arrangement. The bond angle around the central carbon atom will be slightly less than 109.5° due to the presence of the double bond to the oxygen atom, which introduces some degree of angle strain. The bond angle around the oxygen atom will also be slightly less than 109.5° due to the presence of the two hydrogen atoms, which are slightly larger than the electrons and will push the bond angles outward.
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The electronegativity is 2.1 for H and 3.0 for Cl. Based on these electronegativities, HCI would be expected to A. have polar covalent bonds with a partial positive charges on the H atoms. B. have ionic bonds and contain H+ ions. C. have nonpolar covalent bonds and contain Hions. D. have nonpolar covalent bonds with a partial negative charges on the H atoms.
Based on these electronegativities, HCI would be expected to have polar covalent bonds and contain H+ ions.
Hydrochloric acid, also referred to as muriatic acid, is HCl. It is a component of the hydrogen halides (HX) family. Due to their propensity to lose a proton in a solution.Hydrogen halides are diatomic inorganic molecules that function as Arrhenius acids. Since the X belongs to the halogen family (group 17), it can be fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or iodine. In hydrogen chloride, only 17 percent of the hydrogen atom's electron density has been transferred to the chlorine atom. It confirms that the H-Cl bond in the hydrogen chloride is a polar covalent bond, not an ionic bond.In hydrogen chloride, the chlorine atom is 127.4 x 10⁻¹² m away from the hydrogen atom, giving the compound a 1.05 D dipole moment.1 D equals 3.33 x 10⁻³⁰ C. m.The chlorine atom i will have an equal but opposite charge. e. Therefore, the value of the partial charge in the hydrogen chloride compound is 0.027 x 10⁻¹⁸ C.Mathematically,
% of ionic character = 16(Xa - XB ) + 3.5(XA - Xb )
=16(3-2.1)+3.5(3-2.1)²
= 14.4+2.835
= 17.235%
:. The nature of HCI is 17.2% ionic
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A balloon is filled to a volume of 1.75 L with 3.00 moles of gas at 25
°C. With pressure and temperature held constant, what will be the
volume of the balloon if 0.60 moles of gas are added?
Answer:
The volume of a gas is directly proportional to the number of moles of gas present, provided that the temperature and pressure are held constant. This relationship can be expressed by the ideal gas law equation:
PV = nRT
where P is the pressure, V is the volume, n is the number of moles of gas, R is the ideal gas constant, and T is the temperature.
In this problem, the pressure and temperature are held constant, so the volume of the gas is directly proportional to the number of moles of gas. This means that if we multiply the number of moles of gas by a certain factor, the volume will also be multiplied by that same factor.
The balloon is initially filled with 3.00 moles of gas at a volume of 1.75 L. If 0.60 moles of gas are added, the total number of moles of gas in the balloon becomes 3.00 + 0.60 = <<3+0.6=3.6>>3.6 moles.
To find the volume of the balloon after 0.60 moles of gas are added, we can multiply the initial volume of 1.75 L by the ratio of the final number of moles of gas to the initial number of moles of gas:
V = (1.75 L) * (3.6 moles / 3.00 moles) = 1.75 L * 1.20 = <<1.75*1.20=2.10>>2.10 L
Therefore, if 0.60 moles of gas are added to the balloon while the pressure and temperature are held constant, the volume of the balloon will be 2.10 L.
The substances sodium (Na), oxygen (O2), and sodium oxide (Na2O) participate in this chemical reaction: 4Na + O2 ? 2Na2O. Which statement best describes the reaction? A. Elements rearrange, but no compounds are created or destroyed. B. Sodium oxide is created by the chemical reaction. C. Atoms from sodium oxide rearrange to form sodium and oxygen. D. In a mixture of the three substances, sodium oxide separates from the sodium and oxygen.
The substances' sodium (Na), oxygen (O2), and sodium oxide (Na2O) participate in this chemical reaction. 4Na + O2 = 2Na2O is the reaction between Na and O2. The suitable sentence is Sodium oxide is created by the chemical reaction.
What is chemical reaction ?A chemical reaction is a process that converts one or more substances, known as reactants, into one or more different substances, known as products. Chemical elements or compounds are examples of substances.
Because Na and O are not balanced, the balanced equation by hit and trial will be: 4Na+O2Na2O.
A chemical reaction occurs when two or more compounds or substances undergo chemical transformation to form new compounds or substances. Chemical equations express chemical reactions using symbols and chemical formulas of the compounds involved.
Thus, option B is correct.
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Write the formula of the conjugate acid of the Brønsted-Lowry base, (CH₃)₂NH
Conjugate acids are formed from base by accepting a proton from an acid. The conjugate acid of the base (CH₃)₂NH is (CH₃)₂NH₂⁺.
What is Bronsted - Lowry concept of acids and bases?According to Bronsted- Lowry concept, an acid is a substance, which donate a proton whereas bases are proton acceptors. In an acid base reaction, acids donate their proton to form their negative ion called conjugate bases.
When bases accepts protons they form their positive ions called conjugate acid of the base. The conjugate acid and conjugate base of the acid - base reaction together is called the conjugate pair.
Dimethylamine (CH₃)₂NH is a Bronsted - Lowry base since it accepts one proton to form its conjugate acid (CH₃)₂NH₂⁺. The positive charge is acquired because of the positive charge of the extra proton.
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We are reacting two molecules of nitrogen gas with six molecules of hydrogen gas to form ammonia, NH3. How many molecules of each type of gas will be present once the reaction has completed?
_ molecules hydrogen gas
_ molecules nitrogen gas
_ molecules ammonia gas
After the reaction the molecules of hydrogen and nitrogen are not left, only ammonia is 4 left.
What is molecules?
Even the smallest particle of a substance contains all of its physical and chemical properties. One or more atoms build up molecules.
What is reaction?
During a chemical reaction, one or more chemicals, sometimes referred to as "reactants," are transformed into one or more new compounds, sometimes referred to as "products." Both chemical components and elements are substances.
nitrogen gas = N2(g) --> 2 molecules 2N2(g)
hydrogen gas = H(g) --> 6 molecules 6H2(g)
ratio is;
N2 + 3H2 = 2NH3
assume 100% reaction so
2 molecules of N2 react to form 2*2 = 4 molecules of NH3
6 molecules of H2 react to form = the same 4 molecules of NH3
so
molecules of H2 left = 6-6 = 0 left
molecules of N2 left = 2-2 = 0 left
molecules of NH3 formed = 0 + 4 = 4 molecules of NH3 left.
Therefore, after the reaction the molecules of hydrogen and nitrogen are not left, only ammonia is 4 left.
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What type of model does the information below represent?
2C(s)+4H₂(g)+O₂(g)→2CH₃OH
A. Computer Simulation Model
B. Analogy Model
C. Mathematical Model
D. Particle Model
Option (A) Computer Simulation Model.
What is computer simulation models?
A computer simulation model is a computer programme or algorithm that simulates changes in a modelled system in response to input signals.
What are examples of simulation models?
Weather forecasting, flight simulators used for pilot training, and car crash modelling are all examples of computer simulation modelling that most of us are familiar with.
What is simulation and its types?
A simulation is a computer-generated representation of the behaviour of a real-world process or system over time. Models are required for simulations; the model represents the key characteristics or behaviours of the selected system or process, while the simulation represents the model's evolution over time.
Hence Option (A) is a correct answer.
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the reaction of alkenes with bromine is ___ reaction which results in ____ of the organic compound.
The process that produces a bromohydrin is an addition reaction between Br and OH across an alkene. (Bromo = bromine; Hydrin = hydro; Water = H2O).
A bromohydrin is what?any of a number of organic molecules that resemble chlorohydrins but use bromine instead of chlorine.the direct, catalyst-free synthesis of vicinal bromohydrins and alkoxy bromides from olefins
How would you define hydroboration?The addition of the hydrogen-boron link to either a carbon-to-carbon or carbon-to-nitrogen double bond is known as hydroboration. It can also be carried out on a triple bond made of carbon atoms. Quite helpful in the synthesis of several organic compounds is hydroboration.
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The graph shows the radioactive decay of a bone that is found to contain 1/8 of the carbon-14 found in living animals today. Approximately how old is the bone?
However, this is predicated on the idea that the atmospheric carbon 14 content has remained constant.The answer, which is possibly 3 x 5568, is 16,704 years.
How old is the bone on average?Three half life have elapsed when a reduction is made to one eighth of existing levels (1/2 3 = 1/8).
To accommodate for fluctuations in carbon 14 concentration levels, a modification should be made.
The correction can be calculated using the graph below.
The answer, which is possibly 3 x 5568, is 16,704 years.
However, the half life of carbon 14 is actually 5730 +/- 40 years, not 5,568.
3 * 5730 = 17,190 years.
However, this is predicated on the idea that the atmospheric carbon 14 content has remained constant.
Not at all.
A adjustment should be used to account for variations in carbon 14 concentration levels.The graph below can be used to determine the adjustment.
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for
14. Ammonium carbonate is a white solid that decomposes with warming. It has many uses,
example, as a component in baking powder, fire extinguishers, and smelling salts.
(a) How many formula units are in 41.6 g of ammonium carbonate?
(b) How many O atoms are in this sample?
There are 2.61 × [tex]10^{23}[/tex] for ammonium carbonate and 7.83 × [tex]10^{23}[/tex] O atoms in the sample.
What is molar mass?
The term "molar mass" refers to the mass in grams of one mole of a substance. The molar mass of each element is distinct. For instance, magnesium has a molar mass of 24.3050 g/mol and carbon has a molar mass of 12.011 g/mol. To understand why these elements have various molar masses.
Given:
1)The formula of Ammonium carbonate is (N[tex]H_{4}[/tex][tex])_{2}[/tex]C[tex]O_{3}[/tex].
So, Molar mass = (2 x 14.01 g/mol N) + (8 x 1.008 g/mol H + (12.01 g/mol C) + (3 x 16.00 g/mol O)
= 96.09 g/mol
41.6 g (N[tex]H_{4}[/tex][tex])_{2}[/tex]C[tex]O_{3}[/tex] x 2.61 x [tex]10^{23}[/tex] formula units (N[tex]H_{4}[/tex][tex])_{2}[/tex]C[tex]O_{3}[/tex]
=2.61 × [tex]10^{23}[/tex].
2)61x[tex]10^{23}[/tex] formula units (N[tex]H_{4}[/tex][tex])_{2}[/tex]C[tex]O_{3}[/tex] x1 formula unit of (N[tex]H_{4}[/tex][tex])_{2}[/tex]C[tex]O_{3}[/tex]
= 7.83 x [tex]10^{23}[/tex]O atom.
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The concentration of particles (assume neutral hydrogen atoms) in interstellar gas is 1.0 particle/cm3, and the average temperature is about 20 K .
1. What is the pressure of the interstellar gas? (please give units)
2. How does it compare to the best vacuum that can be achieved on Earth (10−15atm)?
(Muliple Choice - choose A, B or C)
A. This is much greater than the minimum value for the best vacuum.
B. This is much smaller than the minimum value for the best vacuum.
C. This is equal to the minimum value for the best vacuum.
The pressure of the interstellar gas is 2.7*[tex]10^{-12}[/tex] atm by using ideal gas equation.
This is much smaller than the minimum value for the best vacuum.
Ideal gas equation,
PV = nRT----------(1)
Given,
V = [tex]10^{-6}[/tex] m3
n = 1/NA ; NA = avegadro number = 6.022*[tex]10^{24}[/tex]
n = 1.66*[tex]10^{-24}[/tex]
R = 8.314 J/K/mole
T = 20K
putting in (1), we get
P = 1.66*[tex]10^{-24}[/tex]*8.314*20 /[tex]10^{-6}[/tex]
P = 2.76*[tex]10^{-6}[/tex] pascal [1 atm = 101325 Pa]
P = 2.76*[tex]10^{-6}[/tex]/101325 atm
P = 2.7*[tex]10^{-12}[/tex] atm
hence, the correct option is B.
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Which two nuclides are isotopes of the same element?
K and K
19
O
19
14C and ¹4N
20Na and 20 Ne
10
39K and 40 Ca
19
20
Answer:
19K and 19 K
Explanation:
The term "isotope" refers to an atom of the same element with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons. So, despite having the same atomic number (Z), isotopes have differing mass numbers (A). In other words, elements with differing atomic numbers (protons) are not isotopes.
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what is this answer can someone help
The correct description of each microscope is as follows:
Scanning electron microscope - produces a three-dimensional image (option 3)Transmission electron microscope - has a magnification of 100,000 times (option 2)Compound light microscope - has a magnification of 400 to 1,000 times (option 1)Scanning tunneling microscope - maps atoms on the surface of an object (option 4)What is a microscope?Microscope is an optical instrument used for observing relatively small objects.
Compound microscopes are light illuminated. The image seen with this type of microscope is two dimensional (2D). The compound microscope is the most commonly used as it can view individual cells, even living ones. It has high magnification. However, it has a low resolution.
Scanning electron microscope make use electron illumination. The image is seen in 3-D. It has high magnification and high resolution. The specimen is coated in gold and the electrons bounce off to give you and exterior view of the specimen.
Transmission electron microscope is also electron illuminated and gives a 2-D view. Thin slices of specimen are obtained. The electron beams pass through this. It has high magnification and high resolution.
A scanning tunneling microscope is a type of microscope used for imaging surfaces at the atomic level.
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The radioactive element carbon-14 has a half-life of 5750 years. A scientist determined that the bones from a mastodon had lost 58.9% of their carbon-14. How old were the bones at the time they were discovered?
The bones were about years old.
A scientist determined the bones from a mastodon , The bones were 9377 years old when they were first found.
Find the decay constant (λ) first by using
λ= 0.693÷t₁/₂
λ=0.693÷5750
λ= 1.205×10⁻⁴
Now,
N=N₀e⁻λt
Where, originally, N₀= Mass of radioactive element
N= mass of radioactive element after time t
Apply natural logarithm on both the sides
In N=N₀₋λt
Let N₀ be 100 then N will be 100-58.8
= 41.1
In (41.1)= In (100)₋(1.205×10⁻⁴t)
In [41.1÷100]= ₋1.205×10⁻⁴t
₋1.136= ₋1.205×10⁻⁴t
t= ₋1.13÷(₋1.205×10⁻⁴)
t= 9377 years
Radioactive : Radioactivity is the term used to describe how an atomic nucleus splits or decays. Radiation is emitted when a radioactive material decays. A few types of decay include spontaneous fission, beta decay, gamma decay, neutron emission, and alpha decay.
Bones: The majority of vertebrate animals contain bones, which are rigid organs and a part of their skeleton. The bones, which also produce red and white blood cells, store minerals, provide the body structure and support, and allow motion, protect the body's other organs.
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What volume of the product ammonia NH3 will be formed if 2.2 Moles of nitrogen gas reacts with 6.0 moles of hydrogen gas at stp? N2 + 3H2 --? 2NH3 a. 75.3L b. 82.5L c. 93,4 L d 89.6L
The volume of ammonia produced at STP will be 98.56 L
What is STP?Standard temperature and pressure are a standard set of experimental measurement conditions that must be established to allow comparison between different data sets. At STP, 1 mole of any gas (6.023 × 10²³ representative particles) occupies a volume of 22.4 L.
N₂ + 3H₂ ⇄ 2NH₃
The mole ratio of N₂ and NH₃ is 1:2. So the moles of NH₃ will be:
Moles of NH₃ = 2 × 2.2
= 4.4 moles
At STP, 1 mole occupy 22.4 L of volume.
Volume occupied by 4.4 moles of NH₃:
= 4.4 × 22.4
= 98.56 L
Thus, the volume of ammonia formed will be 98.56 L
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7. Which of the following does not speed up the rate of a chemical reaction?
8. In the equation {H}_2(g)+ {O}_2(g) {H}_2 {O}, the symbol represents
Question 7
Lower air pressure (c) does not speed up the rate of a chemical reaction.
Question 8
The symbol represents equilibrium (a).
The molecule present at the end of the process that stores the majority of the energy originally stored in the chemical bonds of glucose.
A. True
B. False
B. False ATP.Particularly, during cellular respiration, glucose-stored energy is converted to ATP.
What holds the bulk of the energy that was initially bound up inside the chemical bonds in glucose?Cells use cellular respiration to draw energy from the bonds in food molecules like glucose and other compounds.The energy that is extracted can be stored by cells as ATP (adenosine triphosphate)
A glucose molecule has energy, but where is it kept?The primary fuel source for our cells is glucose.The liver and muscles are where the body stores glucose when it is not needed for energy.This form of glucose that is stored in the body is known as glycogen and is composed of several linked glucose molecules.
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How many gram of CaI₂ are needed to completely precipitate the Ag⁺ ions as AgI from 75.0 mL solution of 0.300 M AgNO₃ according to the balanced chemical reaction: 2 AgNO₃(aq) + CaI₂(aq) → 2 AgI(s) + Ca(NO₃)₂(aq)
How do i start the conversions to get the answers
To solve this problem, you need to first determine how many moles of AgNO3 are present in the 75 mL of 0.300 M AgNO3 solution. This can be done by using the concentration and volume of the solution to calculate the number of moles of AgNO3 present.
First, convert the volume of the solution from milliliters to liters by dividing by 1000. This gives a volume of 0.075 L.
Next, multiply the concentration of the solution (in molarity) by the volume of the solution to calculate the number of moles of AgNO3 present. This gives a total of 0.022 moles of AgNO3.
Since the reaction ratio between AgNO3 and CaI2 is 2:1, this means that for every 2 moles of AgNO3, 1 mole of CaI2 is needed to completely precipitate the Ag+ ions as AgI. Therefore, in this case, we need 0.011 moles of CaI2 to completely precipitate the Ag+ ions.
To convert the number of moles of CaI2 to grams, we need to know the molar mass of CaI2. The molar mass of CaI2 is approximately 233.9 g/mol, so 0.011 moles of CaI2 would be equal to approximately 2.6 grams.
Therefore, to completely precipitate the Ag+ ions as AgI from 75.0 mL of 0.300 M AgNO3 solution, you would need approximately 2.6 grams of CaI2.
If one of two interacting charges is increased 3 times, the force between the charges will _________.
If one of two interacting charges is increased 3 times, the force between the charges will increase by 3 times and is therefore denoted as option B.
What is a Charge?
This is referred to as a physical property of matter that causes charged matter to experience a force when placed in an electromagnetic field and it can either be positive or negative depending on various factors and conditions.
The electrostatic force has a directly relationship with the product of the charges and is inversely related to the square of the distance between them.
This therefore means that increasing one of the charges by 3 times would also lead to a corresponding increase of the force in the same magnitude which is therefore the reason why it was chosen as the correct choice.
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Could someone help me with getting started on this ?? Like the first 3
Answer:
Answers:
Explanation:
1. Sulfur oxide
2. Calcium cyanamide
3. aluminum sulfide (I think on that one)
Good luck
Please help ASAP! - Calculate the density of air at exactly 35°C and 1.00 atm (assuming that air is 80.0 percent N2 and 20.0 percent O2).
The density of air at exactly 35°C and 1.00 atm (assuming that air is 80.0 percent N2 and 20.0 percent O2 is 1.1 g/L.
What is density?Density is described as the substance's mass per unit of volume.
Density of a gas d is given as = PM/ RT
where d ⟶ Density of the gas
P ⟶ Pressure of the gas
M⟶ Molar Mass of the gas
R⟶ Universal Gas Constant
T⟶ Absolute temperature
we have that the pressure of air is P=1.00 atm, and the temperature is T=35∘C=308K. The molar mass of air can be assumed to be the weighted average of its components.
The air is 80% nitrogen and 20% oxygen, so 1 mole of air will contain 0.80 moles of nitrogen and 0.20 moles of oxygen. So, the molar mass of air will be:
Molar Mass of air= 0.80 MN2 + 0.20MO2 = 0.80 (28.00g/mol) + 0.20 (32.00g/mol) = 28.8 g/mol
Substituting the values into the equation of d = PM/ RT, we have
density = 1.1g/L
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Are 3 molecules of ammonia (NH3) the same quantity as 3 moles of ammonia?
Answer:
Yes
Explanation:
A mole of a substance is equal to as many molecules of that substance as there are atoms of carbon-12 in exactly 12 g of carbon-12. This means that 1 mole of any substance is a weight, in grams, equal to that substance's molecular weight expressed in atomic mass units.
Avogadro's constant is used to calculate the number of molecules present in any given mass of the compound, in which 1 mole of the molecule is equal to 6.023×10
23
of numbers of molecules.
The S−S S − S bond distances in S8 S 8 are 204 pm p m and the F−F F − F bond distance in F2 F 2 is 143 pm p m . Use these values to estimate the S−F S − F bond distance in S2F2 S 2 F 2 .
Simply adding the covalent radii of S and F results in a distance between them of 60 pm.
What is covalent radii?Covalent radii is defined as 1/2 the distance between the nuclei of two atoms of the same element that are covalently bound to one another in a molecule. The covalent radius is less than the van der Waals radius due to the overlap between the two electron clouds.
The distance between the centers of two covalently bound atoms is known as the bond length. The covalent radius of S is given by the S-S distance to be double what it is for F.
The S-F distance should therefore, to some extent, be equal to the sum of the covalent radii of S and F, which is 60 pm.
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what accounts for that regions near the equator tend to be warmer than other regions on earth
Answer:
Below
Explanation:
Sunlight is more direct. The angle of incidence is near 90 degrees most of the year.
2. A sample containing 1.80 mol of argon gas has a volume of 10.00 L. What is
the new volume of the gas, in litres, when each of the following changes occurs in
the quantity of the gas? Assume that pressure and temperature remain constant.
The changes are not cumulative. T
(a) An additional 1.80 mol of argon gas is added to the container. [ans: 20.0 L]
(b) A sample of 25.0 g of argon gas is added to the container. [ans: 13.5 LJ
(c) A hole in the container allows half of the gas to escape. [ans: 5.00 L]
3. A balloon that contains 4.80 g of carbon dioxide gas has a volume of 12.0 L. Assume
that the pressure and temperature of the balloon remain constant. What is the new
volume of the balloon if an additional 0.50 mol of CO₂ is added? [ans: 67 L]
Answer:
Hi goodmorning
The total volume of the gas is then 12.0 L + 0.806 L = 12.806 L.
To answer these questions, you can use the ideal gas law, which relates the pressure, volume, temperature, and number of moles of a gas. The ideal gas law is given by the following equation:
PV = nRT
Where P is the pressure of the gas, V is the volume of the gas, n is the number of moles of the gas, R is the ideal gas constant, and T is the temperature of the gas.
If pressure and temperature remain constant, then the volume of the gas will change inversely with the number of moles of the gas. This means that if the number of moles of the gas increases, the volume of the gas will decrease, and if the number of moles of the gas decreases, the volume of the gas will increase.
For example, in part (a), the number of moles of argon gas in the container increases by 1.80 mol, so the volume of the gas will decrease. The new volume of the gas can be calculated as follows:
V = (nRT)/P
= (1.80 mol * 8.31 J/mol*K * 300 K)/(1 atm)
= 4452 J
= 4.452 L
The total volume of the gas is then 10.00 L + 4.452 L = 14.452 L.
In part (b), the number of moles of argon gas in the container increases by a certain amount, which you can calculate using the molar mass of argon. The molar mass of argon is 39.948 g/mol, so the number of moles of argon in 25.0 g of argon is 25.0 g / 39.948 g/mol = 0.625 mol. The new volume of the gas can be calculated as follows:
V = (nRT)/P
= (0.625 mol * 8.31 J/mol*K * 300 K)/(1 atm)
= 1478.125 J
= 1.478 L
The total volume of the gas is then 10.00 L + 1.478 L = 11.478 L.
In part (c), the number of moles of argon gas in the container decreases by half, so the volume of the gas will increase. The new volume of the gas can be calculated as follows:
V = (nRT)/P
= (0.9 mol * 8.31 J/mol*K * 300 K)/(1 atm)
= 2463.9 J
= 2.464 L
The total volume of the gas is then 10.00 L + 2.464 L = 12.464 L.
In part (d), the number of moles of CO2 gas in the balloon increases by 0.50 mol, so the volume of the gas will decrease. The molar mass of CO2 is 44.01 g/mol, so the number of moles of CO2 in 4.80 g of CO2 is 4.80 g / 44.01 g/mol = 0.109 mol. The new volume of the balloon can be calculated as follows:
V = (nRT)/P
= (0.109 mol + 0.50 mol) * 8.31 J/mol*K * 300 K)/(1 atm)
= 806.36 J
= 0.806 L
6. The burning of fossil fuels contributes to which of the following?
a. Mechanical weathering
b. Lower levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere
c. Acid rain
d. Deposition of sediments
The burning of fossil fuels contributes to acid rain (option C).
What is acid rain?Acid rain is rain which is unusually acidic (pH of less than the natural range of 5 to 6) caused mainly by atmospheric pollution with sulphur dioxide and nitrogen compounds.
Fossil fuels are fuel derived from hydrocarbon deposits such as coal, petroleum, natural gas and, to some extent, peat.
These fuels are non-renewable, and their burning generates the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide.
Therefore, burning of fossil fuels lead to the formation of acid rain.
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How much energy is required to heat 100g of ice at -10°C to steam at 110°C?
The total heat that is required is 303.33 kJ to convert the ice to steam at 110°C.
What is the heat that is required?We know that a substance can be heated and as the compound is heated, the temperature of the substance would be raised. Now we are told to find the energy is required to heat 100g of ice at -10°C to steam at 110°C.
Energy required to raise the temperature of the ice to melting point;
H = mcdT
m = mass of the ice
c = specific heat capacity
dT = temperature change
H = 100 * 2.03 * (0 - (-10))
H = 2030 J
The latent heat of fusion of the ice;
H = 100 * 336
H = 33600 J
The heat required to raise the temperature of the water to boiling point;
H = mcdT
H = 100 * 4.18 * (100 - 0)
H = 41800 J
Latent heat of vaporization of water;
H = 100 * 2240
= 224000 J
Heat required to raise the temperature to 110°C
H = 100 * 1.9 * (110 - 100)
= 1900 J
Total heat required = 2030 J + 33600 J + 41800 J + 224000 J + 1900 J
= 303.33 kJ
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Write the formula of the compound from its name below. Example: disilicon monoxide = Si2O.
tetrasulfur tetroxide