Ignaz Semmelweiss (1818-1865) was the doctor who first encouraged other doctors to wash their hands with disinfectant before touching patients. Before the new procedure was established, the rate of infection at Dr. Semmelweiss' hospital was about 10%. Afterward the rate dropped to about 1%. Assuming the population proportion of infections was 10%, find the probability that the sample proportion will be 1% or less, assuming a sample size of 200. Start by checking the conditions required for the Central Limit Theorem to apply.
The probability of getting a smaple proportion of 1 % or less is almost zero.
Hence, we can conclude that it is highly unlikely to observe a sample proportion of 1% or less assuming the population proportion is 10%.
How is this so ?To check if the Central Limit Theorem (CLT) applies, we need to verify this -
Random Sample: The patients should be randomly selected.
Sample Size - The sample size is large enough (n≥30).
Independence - The sample should be less than 10% of the population.
Since the sample size is less than 10% of the population, the conditions for CLT are met.
To find th eprobability,
z = (P - p) / √(p x (1- p) / n )
where
P = 0.01 (sample proportion)
p = 0.10 (population proportion)
n = 200 (sample size)
z = ( 0.01 - 0.10 ) / √(0.10 x 0.90 /200)
z = - 8.94
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A large collection of one-digit random numbers should have about 50% odd and 50% even digits because five of the ten digits are odd (1, 3, 5, 7, and 9) and five are even (0, 2, 4, 6, and 8).
a. Find the proportion of odd-numbered digits in the following lines from a random number table. Count carefully.
8 2 6 6 9
0 9 2 2 4
9 3 8 6 8
4 3 9 6 3
2 6.9 3 6
1 5 8 1 6
The given random number table consists of ___% odd-numbered digits (Round to two decimal places as needed.)
Does the proportion found in part (a) represent ^p (the sample proportion) or p (the population proportion)?
Find the error in this estimate, the difference between ^p and p (or ^p - p).
The given random number table consists of 50 % odd-numbered digits, which represents the population proportion because it is based on the entire population of one-digit random numbers.
There is no error in this estimate since the sample proportion (^p) is equal to the population proportion (p) in this case.
What is the explanation for the aforegoing?(a) Counting the odd -numbered digits in each line, we get:
2/5, 2 /5, 3 /5, 3/ 5, 2/5, 2 /5
Therefore, the proportion of odd - numbered digits in the given random number table is:
(2/5 + 2/5 + 3/ 5 + 3/5 + 2/5 + 2/5) / 6 = 14/30 = 46.67 %
(b) The proportion found in part (a) represents ^p (the sample proportion).
(c) The population proportion is p = 0.5 (since we expect 50% odd and 50% even digits in the population). The error in the estimate is the difference between ^p and p:
^p - p = 0.467 - 0.5
= -3.3%
Thus, there is no error in this estimate since the sample proportion (^p) is equal to the population proportion (p) in this case.
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A research poll showed that 1298 out of 2015 randomly polled people in a country favor the death penalty for this convicted of murder. Assuming the conditions for the CLT were met, complete parts (a) and (b) below.
Sample 1
X
1298
N
2015
Sample p
0.644169
95% CI
(0.623265. 0.665073)
ledia 6
Question 58
a. Using the technology output given, write out the following sentence.
I am 95% confident that the population proportion favoring the death penalty is between ___and___
(Round to three decimal places as needed.)
Based on the information, I am 95% confident that the population proportion favoring the death penalty is between 0.6233 and 0.6651.
How to explain the researchFrom the information, a research poll showed that 1298 out of 2015 randomly polled people in a country favor the death penalty for this convicted of murder.
A population proportion is the share of a population that belongs to a particular category. Confidence intervals are used to estimate population proportions. Hence, I am 95% confident that the population proportion favoring the death penalty is between 0.623265 and 0.665073.
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What is permissive mean
It's 2030, and the tipping point finally seems to have arrived: Electric automobiles are now outselling those with internal combustion engines. Advances in technology have made them less expensive than conventional automobiles, with virtually limitless range and instant charging. Not only that, they drive themselves using a sophisticated lidar system. In fact, the cars have been completely redesigned, removing the steering wheel altogether, and now more closely resemble living rooms or offices on wheels. Of course, this technology doesn't only apply to passenger cars. It also applies to delivery vehicles, long-haul trucks, and buses.
Here are a few of the major impacts that electric self-driving cars have had on the planet, as of 2030.
Vehicle fatalities have been reduced by 90%.
The auto insurance industry has ceased to exist.
Car ownership has decreased because people order a car only when they need it.
Unemployment for people with physical disabilities has decreased because it is so much easier to get to work.
Public transportation systems around the world are going bankrupt because nobody wants to be on a bus or subway when they can be in a private car instead.
People who used to be employed as school bus drivers, delivery drivers, and long-haul truckers have lost their jobs and aren't sure what to do next.
Of course, it's not 2030 yet, so we can choose to do something about some of these consequences, but should we? For your initial post, consider how your personal system of ethics would influence your reaction to this dilemma.
First, tell us about your personal system of ethics. Next discuss how your ethical beliefs would inform your response to this ethical dilemma. Finally, think about how your own personal situation (career, family, disability status) might influence your reaction.
Answer:
The widespread adoption of electric vehicles marks a significant milestone in the transportation industry, as it represents a major shift towards more sustainable and environmentally-friendly forms of transportation. With the elimination of traditional engines, electric cars offer a cleaner alternative to traditional gas-powered vehicles, reducing greenhouse gas emissions and air pollution.
The advances in technology that have made electric vehicles more affordable and convenient also mean that they are now more accessible to a wider range of consumers. This has led to a surge in demand for electric vehicles, which in turn has driven down prices even further, making them even more affordable and attractive to consumers.
The incorporation of lidar technology into electric vehicles has also transformed the driving experience, making it safer and more efficient. With self-driving capabilities, electric cars are able to navigate roads with greater precision and avoid accidents, reducing the number of fatalities and injuries caused by accidents.
Furthermore, the redesign of electric vehicles to resemble living rooms or offices on wheels offers a more comfortable and personalized driving experience. Passengers can enjoy a variety of amenities while they travel, making electric vehicles an even more appealing choice for longer journeys.
The adoption of electric vehicles is not limited to passenger cars, as it also extends to delivery vehicles, long-haul trucks, and buses. This is a significant step towards reducing the environmental impact of transportation, as these vehicles often travel long distances and consume large amounts of fuel.
Overall, the shift towards electric vehicles is a positive development for the transportation industry and for the environment. As technology continues to advance and become more affordable, we can expect to see even greater adoption of electric vehicles in the coming years.
Explanation:
Find the range and standard deviation.
The table below gives the number of hours spent watching TV last week by a sample of 24 children.
9 5 6 7 2 4
8 6 6 4 5 1
4 8 3 2 10 7
8 9 2 9 7 7
Range =
(Please enter an exact answer.)
Standard Deviation =
(Please show your answer to 4 decimal places.)
The range of the data is 9.
The standard deviation is 3.1300
What is Standard Deviation?Quantifying the amount of variability or dispersion within data sets is achieved through a statistical tool known as standard deviation.
This popular method calculates how distant individual data points are from the mean or average value, signifying whether they are closely congregated or spread out over an extensive interval.
Notably, when the data has a small standard deviation, it means that the values lie within proximity to the mean.
Conversely, a higher value indicates a wide variance between the different numbers in the set.
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“An investigation to see if people who regularly watch football are better at remembering a football score than people who never watch football.” What is the null hypothesis and what is the Directional alternative hypothesis.
Note that the alternative directional hypothesis (HA) in this case is "There is no statistically significant difference in the ability to remember a football score between people who watch football regularly and people who never watch football."
Why is this so ?To examine whether there exists a significant difference in the ability to recall a football score between frequent and non-frequent viewers of football, the null hypothesis ( H0) assumes that no such difference exists.
In a statistical inference experiment, the alternative hypothesis is a statement. It is opposed to the null hypothesis and is symbolized by Ha or H1. It is also possible to define it as an alternative to the null. An alternative theory is a proposition that a researcher is testing in hypothesis testing.
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Choose a natural number between one and 100 inclusive what is the probability that the number chosen is not a multiple of four
Explanation:
The multiples of four between one and 100 (inclusive) are: 4, 8, 12, ..., 96, 100. There are a total of 25 such numbers.
The probability of choosing a multiple of four is the ratio of the number of multiples of four to the total number of possible choices, which is 100. So P(choosing a multiple of four) = 25/100 = 0.25.
Since we want to find the probability of not choosing a multiple of four, we can subtract this probability from 1:
P(not choosing a multiple of four) = 1 - P(choosing a multiple of four)
= 1 - 0.25
= 0.75
Therefore, the probability of choosing a number between one and 100 (inclusive) that is not a multiple of four is 0.75 or 75%.
Use the following information:
n = 158, x = 68, a = 0.05
To find how large of a sample is needed in order to have a margin of error of 6%.
NOTE: Round your answer to the nearest WHOLE number?
We can use the formula for margin of error:
ME = z*(sigma/sqrt(n))
where z is the z-score corresponding to the confidence level (95% confidence level corresponds to z = 1.96), sigma is the population standard deviation (unknown in this case), and n is the sample size.
To find the sample size needed for a margin of error of 6%, we can rearrange the formula as follows:
n = (z*sigma/ME)^2
Since sigma is unknown, we can use the sample standard deviation as an estimate. We have x = 68 and n = 158, so we can calculate the sample standard deviation as follows:
s = sqrt((1/n)*sum(xi - x)^2) where xi represents each observation in the sample
s = sqrt((1/158)*sum((xi - 68)^2))
s = 16.38
Now we can substitute the values into the formula for n:
n = (z*sigma/ME)^2
n = (1.96*16.38/0.06)^2
n ≈ 2,285.22
Rounding to the nearest whole number, we need a sample size of 2,285.
The blue catfish (Ictalurus Furcatus) is the largest species of North American catfish. The current world record stands at 143 pounds, which was caught in the John H. Kerr Reservoir (Bugg's Island Lake) located in Virginia. According to American Expedition, the average weight of a blue catfish is between 20 to 40 pounds. Given that the largest blue catfish ever caught was at the John H. Kerr Reservoir, you believe that the mean weight of the fish in this reservoir is greater than 40 pounds. Use the data below, which represents the summary statistics for 53 blue catfish caught at this reservoir, and a 0.05 significance level to test the claim that the mean weight of the fish in the John H. Kerr Reservoir is greater than 40 pounds.
;
pounds;
pounds
a) Identify the null and alternative hypotheses?
:
?
:
?
b) What type of hypothesis test should you conduct (left-, right-, or two-tailed)?
left-tailed
right-tailed
two-tailed
c) Identify the appropriate significance level.
d) Calculate your test statistic. Write the result below, and be sure to round your final answer to two decimal places.
e) Calculate your p-value. Write the result below, and be sure to round your final answer to four decimal places.
f) Do you reject the null hypothesis?
We reject the null hypothesis, since the p-value is less than the significance level.
We reject the null hypothesis, since the p-value is not less than the significance level.
We fail to reject the null hypothesis, since the p-value is less than the significance level.
We fail to reject the null hypothesis, since the p-value is not less than the significance level.
g) Select the statement below that best represents the conclusion that can be made.
There is sufficient evidence to warrant rejection of the claim that the mean weight of the fish in the John H. Kerr Reservoir is greater than 40 pounds.
There is not sufficient evidence to warrant rejection of the claim that the mean weight of the fish in the John H. Kerr Reservoir is greater than 40 pounds.
The sample data support the claim that the mean weight of the fish in the John H. Kerr Reservoir is greater than 40 pounds.
There is not sufficient sample evidence to support the claim that the mean weight of the fish in the John H. Kerr Reservoir is greater than 40 pounds.
Note that the answers to the statistical question on hypothesis are given below.
What is the null hypothesis?a) Null hypothesis: mean weight of fish in John H. Kerr Reservoir <= 40 pounds.
Alternative hypothesis: mean weight of fish in John H. Kerr Reservoir > 40 pounds.
b) Right-tailed hypothesis test.
c) Significance level = 0.05.
d) The test statistic cannot be calculated without the sample mean, standard deviation, or sample size.
e) The p-value cannot be calculated without the sample mean, standard deviation, or sample size.
f) The test statistic and p-value cannot be calculated without the sample mean, standard deviation, or sample size.
g) None of the given statements can be selected without the necessary sample data.
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The balance sheet of a company is not:
Select one or more:
a. A financial record showing balance between the company's net assets and net capital employed
b. A record of the company's net profit
4
C. The company's position with respect to its assets and liabilities as at the end of the company's financial year
d. The company's portfolio position
Answer:
Explanation:
b. A record of the company's net profitThe balance sheet of a company shows the company's position with respect to its assets and liabilities as at the end of the company's financial year. It is a financial record that shows the balance between the company's net assets and net capital employed. The balance sheet does not show the company's net profit, which is calculated on the income statement. Therefore, option b is incorrect, while options a, c, and d are incorrect.
Write function for this graph and explain ?
Answer: y = -cos2x
Explanation:
Its a sine wave. Or a cosine wave. Theyre the same depending on how you phase shift it.
I see it as a reflection of the cosine wave over the x axis. this way there are no ugly phase changes. this makes the whole function negative though.
The amplitude can be seen as 1. so there is no vertical stretch.
However, there is a period change. in 2pi, we can see 2 full cycles of this graph, which suggests the period has been shrunk, (by a factor of 2).
so b = 2.
plugging all this information into the cosine function, our equation is going to be:
y = -cos2x
ask questions in the comments if you dont get it :)
1) Analyse the setting. How are Sudan and London
contrasted and perceived by Majdi
the setting is umm oh also can you please go check my answer
(1) The automated technology boom has been exciting to watch, but there are growing concerns about its impact on employment. (2) In fact, reports about automation pointing to a possible employment crisis for younger generations are becoming rather common. (3) A 2018 article in the Los Angeles Times reported that 63 percent of tasks performed by workers in three California cities—Riverside, San Bernardino, and Ontario—could be automated in the future. (4) Rapid technological advances are already affecting workers, with the following jobs being replaced by robots at the fastest rates: etcher/engraver, crop farmworker, insurance claims examiner, travel agent, robotics engineer, and customs broker.
(5) How can we prepare for this brave new world we’ll soon inhabit? (6) The two approaches that stand to have the greatest impact are education reform and basic income (BI) programs. (7) In terms of education, we need to ensure that schools offer training in skills that reflect the evolving labor landscape. (8) Chaffey College, for instance, in Rancho Cucamonga, California, has started offering cutting-edge courses in construction and logistics, two of the fastest growing industries in the region. (9) Chaffey is thus a model of education reform, expanding and revising its course offerings in response to local labor demands.
(10) BI is the more controversial of the two proposed reforms. (11) But it’s already being tried on a small scale in Stockton, California, where selected residents are receiving $500 per month. (12) Some business and labor union leaders are dismissive of this new social safety net, suggesting that it discourages people from working, but tech industry leaders argue persuasively that BI can provide workers with needed resources and flexibility to take jobs in the freelance or “gig” economy. (13) Employment issues have already inspired BI pilot programs in Finland, Kenya, Canada, and the Netherlands, showing that there is emerging international support for this strategy. (14) Hopefully, as automation disrupts more industries, public acceptance of BI will increase in the United States as well.
(15) We can’t just sit around twiddling our thumbs as new tech keeps changing the game in a bunch of businesses.
Which of the following can best be described as the passage's thesis?
(Α) Sentences 1 and 2
(B) Sentence 4
(C) Sentences 5 and 6
(D) Sentences 10 and 11
(E) Sentence 13
Note that the thesis is best described in the option given in C, that is sentences 5 and 6.
How is this so ?The thesis of the passage is best described in option (C) Sentences 5 and 6: "How can we prepare for this brave new world we’ll soon inhabit? The two approaches that stand to have the greatest impact are education reform and basic income (BI) programs.
" The rest of the passage discusses the impact of automation on employment, the types of jobs being replaced by robots, and the potential solutions to this problem, specifically education reform and BI program
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According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, 71.9% of Young women enroll in college directly after high school graduation. Suppose a random sample of 200 female high school graduates is selected and the proportion who enroll in college is obtained.
a. What value should we expect for the sample proportion?
b. What is the standard error?
c. What effect would increasing the sample size to 500 have on the standard error?
Suppose you work in a police station or a law firm and signed a confidentiality agreement regarding all their cases at hand, suddenly your friend who was a suspect to a crime asked you for some documents that are in your office’s possession that may help him in his case. How would you deal with the situation?
Answer:
As a responsible employee who has signed a confidentiality agreement, it is important to uphold the agreement and maintain the confidentiality of all cases at hand. Therefore, I would explain to my friend that I am unable to provide any documents or information regarding the case due to the confidentiality agreement I have signed. I would also advise my friend to seek legal counsel and follow the proper legal procedures to obtain any necessary documents or information. It is important to maintain professional ethics and integrity in such situations to avoid any legal or ethical complications.